38 results on '"Ertz D"'
Search Results
2. Gregorella humida, un lichen nouveau pour la Belgique, et notes sur le statut belge de deux autres cyanolichens, Fuscopannaria nebulosa et Protopannaria pezizoides
- Author
-
Ertz, D. and Duvivier, J.-P.
- Subjects
Gregorella humida ,Belgium ,Lichens ,Protopannaria pezizoides ,Fuscopannaria nebulosa - Abstract
Gregorella humida, a new lichen for Belgium, and notes on the Belgian status of two other cyanolichens, Fuscopannaria nebulosa and Protopannaria pezizoides. – During surveys of abandoned quarries in Entre-Sambre-et-Meuse in recent years, two superficially similar cyanolichens considered extinct or absent from Belgium were collected. The first, Gregorella humida (Arctomiaceae), is reported for the first time from Belgium. The species colonizes the soil of a kaolin sand quarry in Oret. It was only collected once in 2004, so this pioneer lichen could already have disappeared due to forest recolonization and backfilling of the quarry. The second, Fuscopannaria nebulosa (Pannariaceae), was rediscovered in Belgium after more than a century of absence. The species colonizes schistose sandstone walls of two abandoned quarries, as well as a schistose slope in ditch by the roadside. The recent record (2006) of Protopannaria pezizoides in Belgium (Villers-sur-Lesse) is erroneous. The herbarium specimen is shown to belong to F. nebulosa on the basis of morphological characters (asci and spore type) and ITS gene sequencing. Protopannaria pezizoides must therefore be considered extinct in Belgium, the last observations dating from before 1867.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021
- Author
-
Wijayawardene, NN, Hyde, KD, Dai, DQ, Sánchez-García, M, Goto, BT, Saxena, RK, Erdoğdu, M, Selçuk, F, Rajeshkumar, KC, Aptroot, A, Błaszkowski, J, Boonyuen, N, da Silva, GA, de Souza, FA, Dong, W, Ertz, D, Haelewaters, Danny, Jones, EBG, Karunarathna, SC, Kirk, PM, Kukwa, M, Kumla, J, Leontyev, DV, Lumbsch, HT, Maharachchikumbura, SSN, Marguno, F, Martínez-Rodríguez, P, Mešić, A, Monteiro, JS, Oehl, F, Pawłowska, J, Pem, D, Pfliegler, WP, Phillips, AJL, Pošta, A, He, MQ, Li, JX, Raza, M, Sruthi, OP, Suetrong, S, Suwannarach, N, Tedersoo, L, Thiyagaraja, V, Tibpromma, S, Tkalčec, Z, Tokarev, YS, Wanasinghe, DN, Wijesundara, DSA, Wimalaseana, SDMK, Madrid, H, Zhang, GQ, Gao, Y, Sánchez-Castro, I, Tang, LZ, Stadler, M, Yurkov, A, Thines, M, Qujing Normal University, University of Warsaw, Mae Fah Luang Universit, University of Debrecen, Universidade de Lisboa, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Fungal Culture Collection of India -NFCCI, National Science and Technology Development Agency -NSTDA, Chiang Mai University, University of Tartu, Mae Fah Luang University, Kunming Institute of Botany, All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, National Institute of Fundamental Studies, University of Ruhuna, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Jiangxi normal University, Technische Universitat Braunschweig, Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Goethe University., Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, University Road, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, FRANCISCO ADRIANO DE SOUZA, CNPMS, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Botanic Garden Meise, University of South Bohemia, King Saud University, Royal Botanic Gardens, University of Gdansk, Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University, The Field Museum, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, University of Silesia in Katowice, Universidad de Granada, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Agroscope, Plant Protection Products - Impact and Assessment, Team Applied Ecotoxicology, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Guizhou University, and Croatian Science Foundation
- Subjects
Fossil fungi ,Evolution ,MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY ,Plant Science ,Behavior and Systematics ,Ascomycota ,Basal fungi ,PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS ,INCORPORATING ANAMORPHIC FUNGI ,NATURAL CLASSIFICATION ,Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Fungo ,basal fungi ,Ecology ,LICHENIZED FUNGI ,Basidiomycota ,Classification ,Rozellomycota ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Forestry ,MULTIGENE PHYLOGENY ,Interdisciplinary Natural Sciences ,FRESH-WATER ASCOMYCETE ,Microsporidia ,GEN. NOV ,Amblyosporidae ,SP.-NOV ,TAXONOMIC REVISION - Abstract
This paper provides an updated classification of the Kingdom Fungi (including fossil fungi) and fungus-like taxa. Five-hundred and twenty-three (535) notes are provided for newly introduced taxa and for changes that have been made since the previous outline. In the discussion, the latest taxonomic changes in Basidiomycota are provided and the classification of Mycosphaerellales are broadly discussed. Genera listed in Mycosphaerellaceae have been confirmed by DNA sequence analyses, while doubtful genera (DNA sequences being unavailable but traditionally accommodated in Mycosphaerellaceae) are listed in the discussion. Problematic genera in Glomeromycota are also discussed based on phylogenetic results., National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) NSFC 31950410558 NSFC 31760013 32100011, Department of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province 2018FB050, State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University FAMP201906K, Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province QKHRCPT[2017] 5101, High-Level Talent Recruitment Plan of Yunnan Province ("Young Talents" Program), Chiang Mai University, Croatian Science Foundation HRZZ-IP-2018-01-1736 HRZZ-2018-09-7081, LOEWE initiative of the government of Hessen, Distinguished Scientist Fellowship (DSFP), King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, CAS President's International Fellowship Initiative (PIFI) 2020PB0115 2020PC0009 2018PC0006, National Science Centre, Poland 2017/25/B/NZ8/00473, International Postdoctoral Exchange Fellowship Program Y9180822S1, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, Yunnan Human Resources, and Social Security Department Foundation, National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 31750110478, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2021M693361, Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, European Commission UIDB/04046/2020 UIDP/04046/2020, High-Level Talent Recruitment Plan of Yunnan Province ("High-End Foreign Experts" Program)
- Published
- 2022
4. Taxonomic monograph of the genus Taeniolella s. lat. (Ascomycota)
- Author
-
Heuchert, B., primary, Braun, U., additional, Diederich, P., additional, and Ertz, D., additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Bacterial and eukaryotic biodiversity patterns in terrestrial and aquatic habitats in the Sør Rondane Mountains, Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica
- Author
-
Obbels, D., Verleyen, E., Mano, M.-J., Namsaraev, Z., Sweetlove, M., Tytgat, B., Fernandez-Carazo, R., De Wever, A., D'Hondt, S., Ertz, D., Elster, J., Sabbe, K., Willems, A., Wilmotte, A., and Vyverman, W.
- Abstract
The bacterial and microeukaryotic biodiversity were studied using pyrosequencing analysis on a 454 GS FLX+ platform of partial SSU rRNA genes in terrestrial and aquatic habitats of the Sør Rondane Mountains, including soils, on mosses, endolithic communities, cryoconite holes and supraglacial and subglacial meltwater lenses. This inventory was complemented with Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis targeting Chlorophyta and Cyanobacteria. OTUs belonging to the Rotifera, Chlorophyta, Tardigrada, Ciliophora, Cercozoa, Fungi, Bryophyta, Bacillariophyta, Collembola and Nematoda were present with a relative abundance of at least 0.1% in the eukaryotic communities. Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, FBP and Actinobacteria were the most abundant bacterial phyla. Multivariate analyses of the pyrosequencing data revealed a general lack of differentiation of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes according to habitat type. However, the bacterial community structure in the aquatic habitats was dominated by the filamentous cyanobacteria Leptolyngbya and appeared to be significantly different compared with those in dry soils, on mosses, and in endolithic habitats. A striking feature in all datasets was the detection of a relatively large amount of sequences new to science, which underscores the need for additional biodiversity assessments in Antarctic inland locations.
- Published
- 2016
6. Sectorial land snail damage to the lichen Argopsis friesiana could be explained by metabolite profiles
- Author
-
Gadéa, A, additional, Le Dévéhat, F, additional, Le Lamer, AC, additional, Le Pogam, P, additional, Ertz, D, additional, Charrier, M, additional, and Boustie, J, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Uit het oog, uit het hart? Antarctische microbiële diversiteit als criterium voor natuurbehoud
- Author
-
Verleyen, E., Obbels, D., De Wever, A., Souffreau, C., Vanormelingen, P., Sabbe, K., Vyverman, W., Peeters, K., Tytgat, B., Willems, A., Ertz, D., Van de Vijver, B., Mano, M.-J., De Carvalho Maalouf, P., Fernandez-Carazo, R., Namsaraev, Z., and Wilmotte, A.
- Subjects
Microbes ,PS, Antarctica ,Biodiversity - Published
- 2013
8. Polyphasic study of Antarctic cyanobacterial strains
- Author
-
Taton, A., Grubisic, S., Ertz, D., Hodgson, D. A., Piccardi, R., Biondi, N., Tredici, M., Mainini, M., Losi, D., Marinelli, Flavia, and Wilmotte, A.
- Subjects
Cyanobacteria - Abstract
We isolated 59 strains of cyanobacteria from the benthic microbial mats of 23 Antarctic lakes, from five locations in two regions, in order to characterize their morphological and genotypic diversity. On the basis of their morphology, the cyanobacteria were assigned to 12 species that included four Antarctic endemic taxa. Sequences of the ribosomal RNA gene were determined for 56 strains. In general, the strains closely related at the 16S rRNA gene level belonged to the same morphospecies. Nevertheless, divergences were observed concerning the diversity in terms of species richness, novelty, and geographical distribution. For the 56 strains, 21 operational taxonomic units (OTUs, defined as groups of partial 16S rRNA gene sequences with more than 97.5% similarity) were found, including nine novel and three exclusively Antarctic OTUs. Sequences of Petalonema cf. involvens and Chondrocystis sp. were determined for the first time. The internally transcribed spacer (ITS) between the 16S and the 23S rRNA genes was sequenced for 33 strains, and similar groupings were observed with the 16S rRNA gene and the ITS, even when the strains were derived from different lakes and regions. In addition, 48 strains were screened for antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, and 17 strains were bioactive against the gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, or the fungi Aspergillus fumigatus and Cryptococcus neoformans. The bioactivities were not in coincidence with the phylogenetic relationships, but rather were specific to certain strains.
- Published
- 2006
9. MICROMAT: Cyanobacteria of microbial mats in Antarctic Lakes – Polyphasic diversity study and biotechnological applications
- Author
-
Taton, A., Grubisic, S., Ertz, D., Hoffmann, L., Sivonen, K., Vakkilainen, T., Jones, B., Losi, D. Meyer D., Tredici, M., Marinelli, Flavia, and Wilmotte, A.
- Published
- 2001
10. Les cyanobactéries des tapis microbiens des lacs Antarctiques: approche polyphasique de leur diversité et criblages industriels
- Author
-
Taton, A., Grubisic, S., Ertz, D., Losi, D., Marinelli, Flavia, Biondi, N., Tredici, M., Hoffmann, L., and Wilmotte, A.
- Published
- 2001
11. New insights into classification and evolution of the Lecanoromycetes (Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota) from phylogenetic analyses of three ribosomal RNA- and two protein-coding genes
- Author
-
Miadlikowska, J., primary, Kauff, F., additional, Hofstetter, V., additional, Fraker, E., additional, Grube, M., additional, Hafellner, J., additional, Reeb, V., additional, Hodkinson, B. P., additional, Kukwa, M., additional, Lucking, R., additional, Hestmark, G., additional, Otalora, M. G., additional, Rauhut, A., additional, Budel, B., additional, Scheidegger, C., additional, Timdal, E., additional, Stenroos, S., additional, Brodo, I., additional, Perlmutter, G. B., additional, Ertz, D., additional, Diederich, P., additional, Lendemer, J. C., additional, May, P., additional, Schoch, C. L., additional, Arnold, A. E., additional, Gueidan, C., additional, Tripp, E., additional, Yahr, R., additional, Robertson, C., additional, and Lutzoni, F., additional
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. New national and regional bryophyte records, 14
- Author
-
Blockeel, T. L., primary, Enroth, J., additional, Ertz, D., additional, Hedderson, T. A. J., additional, Holz, I., additional, Jafari, M., additional, Kürschner, H., additional, Lara, Francisco, additional, Mazimpaka, Vicente, additional, Medina, Rafael, additional, Ramel, G., additional, Schäfer-Verwimp, A., additional, Shirzadian, S., additional, Sotiaux, Andre, additional, Sotiaux, Odette, additional, Stebel, A., additional, and Tavili, A., additional
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. New national and regional bryophyte records, 3
- Author
-
Blockeel, T. L., primary, Bergamini, A., additional, Brusa, G., additional, Ertz, D., additional, Sérgio, C., additional, Garcia, C., additional, Hedenäs, L., additional, Müller, F., additional, Nieuwkoop, J. A. W., additional, and Sabovljević, M. S., additional
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Muellerella, a lichenicolous fungal genus recovered as polyphyletic within Chaetothyriomycetidae (Eurotiomycetes, Ascomycota)
- Author
-
Sergio Pérez-Ortega, Damien Ertz, Lucia Muggia, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Muggia, L., Perez-Ortega, S., and Ertz, D.
- Subjects
multilocus analysis ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Ascomycota ,Chaetothyriomycetidae ,diversity ,parasitic ,phylogeny ,Verrucariales ,biology.organism_classification ,030308 mycology & parasitology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Geography ,multilocus analysi ,Eurotiomycetes ,diversity, multilocus analysis, parasitic, phylogeny, Verrucariales ,Genus ,Polyphyly ,Botany ,Christian ministry ,Muellerella ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
Molecular data and culture-dependent methods have helped to uncover the phylogenetic relationships of numerous species of lichenicolous fungi, a specialized group of taxa that inhabit lichens and have developed diverse degrees of specificity and parasitic behaviors. The majority of lichenicolous fungal taxa are known in either their anamorphic or teleomorphic states, although their anamorph-teleomorph relationships have been resolved in only a few cases. The pycnidium-forming Lichenodiplis lecanorae and the perithecioid taxa Muellerella atricola and M. lichenicola were recently recovered as monophyletic in Chaetothyriales (Eurotiomycetes). Both genera are lichenicolous on multiple lichen hosts, upon which they show a subtle morphological diversity reflected in the description of 14 species in Muellerella (of which 12 are lichenicolous) and 12 in Lichenodiplis. Here we focus on the teleomorphic genus Muellerella and investigate its monophyly by expanding the taxon sampling to other species occurring on diverse lichen hosts. We generated molecular data for two nuclear and one mitochondrial loci (28S, 18S and 16S) from environmental samples. The present multilocus phylogeny confirms the monophyletic lineage of the teleomorphic M. atricola and M. lichenicola with their L. lecanorae-like anamorphs, but places the rest of the Muellerella species studied in two different monophyletic lineages with strong support. The first, Muellerella spp. 1, is nested within some new lineages of black fungi isolated from different epilithic lichen thalli, while the second, Muellerella spp. 2, is closely related to the Verrucariales. Based on these results, we reappraise the phylogenetic placement of Muellerella and suggest its polyphyly within Chaetothyriomycetidae., Elisa Banchi (Trieste) and Mónica García-Gallo (Madrid) are thanked for help in the lab work. The Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities supported SPO through a ‘Ramón y Cajal’ contract (RYC-2014-16784).
- Published
- 2019
15. Taxonomic and Phylogenetic Reassessment of Pyrgidium ( Mycocaliciales ) and Investigation of Ascospore Morphology.
- Author
-
Thiyagaraja V, Ertz D, Lücking R, Wanasinghe DN, Aptroot A, Cáceres MEDS, Hyde KD, Tapingkae W, and Cheewangkoon R
- Abstract
Mycocaliciales comprise non-lichenized either saprotrophic or lichenicolous fungi which occur in temperate and tropical regions. The mazaediate, saprotrophic and monospecific genus, Pyrgidium , is currently assigned to this order, yet the phylogenetic placement of the genus has remained uncertain due to the absence of molecular data. In order to investigate the systematic position of Pyrgidium , two specimens collected in Brazil and Thailand, respectively, were used to generate mtSSU, SSU, LSU and ITS sequences. However, given that most other representatives of this order only have LSU and ITS sequences available, the phylogenetic reconstruction was limited to these two markers. The phylogenetic analyses confirmed placement of the genus within Mycocaliciales , the genus possessing a sister group relationship with the lichenicolous genus Sphinctrina . Detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations are provided, including those for type specimens of the various synonyms subsumed under the hitherto only accepted species, Pyrgidium montellicum (Beltr.) Tibell. The ascospore morphology was investigated using compound and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed for the ascospore size using PC-ORD 7. The molecular data and re-examination of the type specimens support the monospecific nature of this genus.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. The Diversity of Lichenized Trentepohlioid Algal (Ulvophyceae) Communities is Driven by Fungal Taxonomy and Ecological Factors.
- Author
-
Borgato L, Ertz D, Van Rossum F, and Verbeken A
- Subjects
- Ecosystem, Phylogeny, Symbiosis, Chlorophyta genetics, Lichens genetics
- Abstract
Trentepohliales are a group of both free-living and lichenized algae, with most diversity occurring in tropical regions. Recent studies showed that the abundance of lichens with a trentepohlioid photobiont has been increasing in temperate habitats, probably because of global warming, which makes them an interesting study case. A detailed molecular study of the diversity of lichenized Trentepohliales, epiphytic as well as epilithic, was performed in three forests of north-western Europe. Additional samples of lichens of the Arthoniales order (associating essentially with a trentepohlioid photobiont) from other European regions and from other continents were also sequenced. A total of 195 algal sequences were obtained. Phylogenetic analyses with rbcL and ITS loci were performed and associations between phylogenetic distances of photobionts and ecological factors (substratum, climate or Wirth indices, mycobiont taxonomy, and geographic location) were tested by variation partitioning and phylogenetic signal analyses. The high number of rbcL algal haplotypes found in some lichens or on different substrata revealed that the Trentepohliales diversity in extratropical regions was underestimated. The phylogenetic patterns showed selectivity of some photobionts in their fungal partner choice and vice-versa, while others were linked with several haplotypes. Photobionts seemed to be less selective than mycobionts. The main factors influencing lichenized algal community were climate and mycobiont species. Coevolution between mycobionts and photobionts as well as switching between free living and lichenized lifestyles appeared to drive the evolution of Trentepohliales and might explain the high cryptic diversity observed, which might be changing in some regions due to climate change., (© 2022 Phycological Society of America.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Mendogiadiffusa sp. nov. and an updated key to the species of Mendogia (Myriangiaceae, Dothideomycetes).
- Author
-
Thiyagaraja V, Lücking R, Ertz D, Samarakoon MC, Wanasinghe DN, Karunarathna SC, Cheewangkoon R, and Hyde KD
- Abstract
Background: Mendogia belongs to Dothideomycetes and its members are epiphytic on living bamboo culms or palms and distributed in tropical regions. Currently, the genus comprises seven species. Another collection resembling Mendogia was collected from the leaves of Fagales sp. in Thailand. Morphological characteristics and multilocus phylogenetic analyses, using ITS, LSU and SSU sequences, showed that the fungus is new to science, described herein as Mendogiadiffusa . Mendogiadiffusa is characterised by apothecial ascostromata, a carbonised epithecium, dark brown setae on the ascostromatal surface, hyaline paraphysoids, ovoid to clavate asci and oblong to elliptical, muriform ascospores. The fungus has a dark pigmented surface and is occasionally facultatively associated with patches of green algae, but not actually lichenised. Instead, the fungus penetrates the upper leaf surface, forming dark pigmented isodiametric cells below the epidermis., New Information: Re-examination of specimens of M.chiangraiensis , M.macrostroma and M.yunnanensis revealed the absence of algal associations. The status of Mendogiaphilippinensis (= M.calami ) and M.bambusina (= Uleopeltisbambusina ) was established, based on morphological comparisons and previous studies. Comprehensive morphological descriptions with phylogenetic analyses support M.diffusa as a novel species in Myriangiaceae . An updated key to the known species of the genus is also provided., (Vinodhini Thiyagaraja, Robert Lücking, Damien Ertz, Milan C. Samarakoon, Dhanushka N. Wanasinghe, Samantha C. Karunarathna, Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon, Kevin D. Hyde.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. The Evolution of Life Modes in Stictidaceae, with Three Novel Taxa.
- Author
-
Thiyagaraja V, Lücking R, Ertz D, Karunarathna SC, Wanasinghe DN, Lumyong S, and Hyde KD
- Abstract
Ostropales sensu lato is a large group comprising both lichenized and non-lichenized fungi, with several lineages expressing optional lichenization where individuals of the same fungal species exhibit either saprotrophic or lichenized lifestyles depending on the substrate (bark or wood). Greatly variable phenotypic characteristics and large-scale phylogenies have led to frequent changes in the taxonomic circumscription of this order. Ostropales sensu lato is currently split into Graphidales, Gyalectales, Odontotrematales, Ostropales sensu stricto , and Thelenellales. Ostropales sensu stricto is now confined to the family Stictidaceae, which includes a large number of species that are poorly known, since they usually have small fruiting bodies that are rarely collected, and thus, their taxonomy remains partly unresolved. Here, we introduce a new genus Ostropomyces to accommodate a novel lineage related to Ostropa , which is composed of two new species, as well as a new species of Sphaeropezia , S. shangrilaensis . Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses of mitochondrial small subunit spacers (mtSSU), large subunit nuclear rDNA (LSU), and internal transcribed spacers (ITS) sequence data, together with phenotypic data documented by detailed morphological and anatomical analyses, support the taxonomic affinity of the new taxa in Stictidaceae. Ancestral character state analysis did not resolve the ancestral nutritional status of Stictidaceae with confidence using Bayes traits, but a saprotrophic ancestor was indicated as most likely in a Bayesian binary Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling (MCMC) approach. Frequent switching in nutritional modes between lineages suggests that lifestyle transition played an important role in the evolution of this family.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa.
- Author
-
Zamora JC, Svensson M, Kirschner R, Olariaga I, Ryman S, Parra LA, Geml J, Rosling A, Adamčík S, Ahti T, Aime MC, Ainsworth AM, Albert L, Albertó E, García AA, Ageev D, Agerer R, Aguirre-Hudson B, Ammirati J, Andersson H, Angelini C, Antonín V, Aoki T, Aptroot A, Argaud D, Sosa BIA, Aronsen A, Arup U, Asgari B, Assyov B, Atienza V, Bandini D, Baptista-Ferreira JL, Baral HO, Baroni T, Barreto RW, Beker H, Bell A, Bellanger JM, Bellù F, Bemmann M, Bendiksby M, Bendiksen E, Bendiksen K, Benedek L, Bérešová-Guttová A, Berger F, Berndt R, Bernicchia A, Biketova AY, Bizio E, Bjork C, Boekhout T, Boertmann D, Böhning T, Boittin F, Boluda CG, Boomsluiter MW, Borovička J, Brandrud TE, Braun U, Brodo I, Bulyonkova T, Burdsall HH Jr, Buyck B, Burgaz AR, Calatayud V, Callac P, Campo E, Candusso M, Capoen B, Carbó J, Carbone M, Castañeda-Ruiz RF, Castellano MA, Chen J, Clerc P, Consiglio G, Corriol G, Courtecuisse R, Crespo A, Cripps C, Crous PW, da Silva GA, da Silva M, Dam M, Dam N, Dämmrich F, Das K, Davies L, De Crop E, De Kesel A, De Lange R, De Madrignac Bonzi B, Dela Cruz TEE, Delgat L, Demoulin V, Desjardin DE, Diederich P, Dima B, Dios MM, Divakar PK, Douanla-Meli C, Douglas B, Drechsler-Santos ER, Dyer PS, Eberhardt U, Ertz D, Esteve-Raventós F, Salazar JAE, Evenson V, Eyssartier G, Farkas E, Favre A, Fedosova AG, Filippa M, Finy P, Flakus A, Fos S, Fournier J, Fraiture A, Franchi P, Molano AEF, Friebes G, Frisch A, Fryday A, Furci G, Márquez RG, Garbelotto M, García-Martín JM, Otálora MAG, Sánchez DG, Gardiennet A, Garnica S, Benavent IG, Gates G, da Cruz Lima Gerlach A, Ghobad-Nejhad M, Gibertoni TB, Grebenc T, Greilhuber I, Grishkan B, Groenewald JZ, Grube M, Gruhn G, Gueidan C, Gulden G, Gusmão LF, Hafellner J, Hairaud M, Halama M, Hallenberg N, Halling RE, Hansen K, Harder CB, Heilmann-Clausen J, Helleman S, Henriot A, Hernandez-Restrepo M, Herve R, Hobart C, Hoffmeister M, Høiland K, Holec J, Holien H, Hughes K, Hubka V, Huhtinen S, Ivančević B, Jagers M, Jaklitsch W, Jansen A, Jayawardena RS, Jeppesen TS, Jeppson M, Johnston P, Jørgensen PM, Kärnefelt I, Kalinina LB, Kantvilas G, Karadelev M, Kasuya T, Kautmanová I, Kerrigan RW, Kirchmair M, Kiyashko A, Knapp DG, Knudsen H, Knudsen K, Knutsson T, Kolařík M, Kõljalg U, Košuthová A, Koszka A, Kotiranta H, Kotkova V, Koukol O, Kout J, Kovács GM, Kříž M, Kruys Å, Kučera V, Kudzma L, Kuhar F, Kukwa M, Arun Kumar TK, Kunca V, Kušan I, Kuyper TW, Lado C, Læssøe T, Lainé P, Langer E, Larsson E, Larsson KH, Laursen G, Lechat C, Lee S, Lendemer JC, Levin L, Lindemann U, Lindström H, Liu X, Hernandez RCL, Llop E, Locsmándi C, Lodge DJ, Loizides M, Lőkös L, Luangsa-Ard J, Lüderitz M, Lumbsch T, Lutz M, Mahoney D, Malysheva E, Malysheva V, Manimohan P, Marin-Felix Y, Marques G, Martínez-Gil R, Marson G, Mata G, Matheny PB, Mathiassen GH, Matočec N, Mayrhofer H, Mehrabi M, Melo I, Mešić A, Methven AS, Miettinen O, Romero AMM, Miller AN, Mitchell JK, Moberg R, Moreau PA, Moreno G, Morozova O, Morte A, Muggia L, González GM, Myllys L, Nagy I, Nagy LG, Neves MA, Niemelä T, Nimis PL, Niveiro N, Noordeloos ME, Nordin A, Noumeur SR, Novozhilov Y, Nuytinck J, Ohenoja E, Fiuza PO, Orange A, Ordynets A, Ortiz-Santana B, Pacheco L, Pál-Fám F, Palacio M, Palice Z, Papp V, Pärtel K, Pawlowska J, Paz A, Peintner U, Pennycook S, Pereira OL, Daniëls PP, Pérez-De-Gregorio Capella MÀ, Del Amo CMP, Gorjón SP, Pérez-Ortega S, Pérez-Vargas I, Perry BA, Petersen JH, Petersen RH, Pfister DH, Phukhamsakda C, Piątek M, Piepenbring M, Pino-Bodas R, Esquivel JPP, Pirot P, Popov ES, Popoff O, Álvaro MP, Printzen C, Psurtseva N, Purahong W, Quijada L, Rambold G, Ramírez NA, Raja H, Raspé O, Raymundo T, Réblová M, Rebriev YA, de Dios Reyes García J, Ripoll MÁR, Richard F, Richardson MJ, Rico VJ, Robledo GL, Barbosa FR, Rodriguez-Caycedo C, Rodriguez-Flakus P, Ronikier A, Casas LR, Rusevska K, Saar G, Saar I, Salcedo I, Martínez SMS, Montoya CAS, Sánchez-Ramírez S, Sandoval-Sierra JV, Santamaria S, Monteiro JS, Schroers HJ, Schulz B, Schmidt-Stohn G, Schumacher T, Senn-Irlet B, Ševčíková H, Shchepin O, Shirouzu T, Shiryaev A, Siepe K, Sir EB, Sohrabi M, Soop K, Spirin V, Spribille T, Stadler M, Stalpers J, Stenroos S, Suija A, Sunhede S, Svantesson S, Svensson S, Svetasheva TY, Świerkosz K, Tamm H, Taskin H, Taudière A, Tedebrand JO, Lahoz RT, Temina M, Thell A, Thines M, Thor G, Thüs H, Tibell L, Tibell S, Timdal E, Tkalčec Z, Tønsberg T, Trichies G, Triebel D, Tsurykau A, Tulloss RE, Tuovinen V, Sosa MU, Urcelay C, Valade F, Garza RV, van den Boom P, Van Vooren N, Vasco-Palacios AM, Vauras J, Velasco Santos JM, Vellinga E, Verbeken A, Vetlesen P, Vizzini A, Voglmayr H, Volobuev S, von Brackel W, Voronina E, Walther G, Watling R, Weber E, Wedin M, Weholt Ø, Westberg M, Yurchenko E, Zehnálek P, Zhang H, Zhurbenko MP, and Ekman S
- Abstract
Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11
th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Intrathalline Metabolite Profiles in the Lichen Argopsis friesiana Shape Gastropod Grazing Patterns.
- Author
-
Gadea A, Le Lamer AC, Le Gall S, Jonard C, Ferron S, Catheline D, Ertz D, Le Pogam P, Boustie J, Lohézic-Le Devehat F, and Charrier M
- Subjects
- Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Animals, Feeding Behavior, Secondary Metabolism, Lichens metabolism, Metabolome, Snails physiology
- Abstract
Lichen-gastropod interactions generally focus on the potential deterrent or toxic role of secondary metabolites. To better understand lichen-gastropod interactions, a controlled feeding experiment was designed to identify the parts of the lichen Argopsis friesiana consumed by the Subantarctic land snail Notodiscus hookeri. Besides profiling secondary metabolites in various lichen parts (apothecia, cephalodia, phyllocladia and fungal axis of the pseudopodetium), we investigated potentially beneficial resources that snails can utilize from the lichen (carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, polysaccharides and total nitrogen). Notodiscus hookeri preferred cephalodia and algal layers, which had high contents of carbohydrates, nitrogen, or both. Apothecia were avoided, perhaps due to their low contents of sugars and polyols. Although pseudopodetia were characterized by high content of arabitol, they were also rich in medullary secondary compounds, which may explain why they were not consumed. Thus, the balance between nutrients (particularly nitrogen and polyols) and secondary metabolites appears to play a key role in the feeding preferences of this snail.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Draft Genome Sequence and Annotation of the Lichen-Forming Fungus Arthonia radiata.
- Author
-
Armstrong EE, Prost S, Ertz D, Westberg M, Frisch A, and Bendiksby M
- Abstract
We report here the draft de novo genome assembly, transcriptome assembly, and annotation of the lichen-forming fungus Arthonia radiata (Pers.) Ach., the type species for Arthoniomycetes, a class of lichen-forming, lichenicolous, and saprobic Ascomycota. The genome was assembled using overlapping paired-end and mate pair libraries and sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 instrument., (Copyright © 2018 Armstrong et al.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Photobiont switching causes changes in the reproduction strategy and phenotypic dimorphism in the Arthoniomycetes.
- Author
-
Ertz D, Guzow-Krzemińska B, Thor G, Łubek A, and Kukwa M
- Subjects
- Adaptation, Physiological, Chloroplasts genetics, DNA, Plant genetics, Lichens classification, Lichens physiology, Photosynthesis physiology, Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase genetics, Ascomycota genetics, Host Microbial Interactions physiology, Lichens microbiology, Phylogeny, Symbiosis physiology
- Abstract
Phylogenetic analyses using mtSSU and nuITS sequences of Buellia violaceofusca (previously placed in Lecanoromycetes), a sterile, sorediate lichen having a trebouxioid photobiont, surprisingly prove that the species is conspecific with Lecanographa amylacea (Arthoniomycetes), a fertile, esorediate species with a trentepohlioid photobiont. These results suggest that L. amylacea and B. violaceofusca are photomorphs of the same mycobiont species, which, depending on the photobiont type, changes the morphology and the reproduction strategy. This is the first example of a lichenized fungus that can select between Trebouxia (Trebouxiophyceae) and trentepohlioid (Ulvophyceae) photobionts. Trebouxia photobionts from the sorediate morphotype belong to at least three different phylogenetic clades, and the results suggest that Lecanographa amylacea can capture the photobiont of other lichens such as Chrysothrix candelaris to form the sorediate morphotype. Phylogenetic analyses based on rbcL DNA data suggest that the trentepohlioid photobiont of L. amylacea is closely related to Trentepohlia isolated from fruticose lichens. The flexibility in the photobiont choice enables L. amylacea to use a larger range of tree hosts. This strategy helps the lichen to withstand changes of environmental conditions, to widen its distribution range and to increase its population size, which is particularly important for the survival of this rare species.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Whole Blood mRNA Expression-Based Prognosis of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.
- Author
-
Giridhar KV, Sosa CP, Hillman DW, Sanhueza C, Dalpiaz CL, Costello BA, Quevedo FJ, Pitot HC, Dronca RS, Ertz D, Cheville JC, Donkena KV, and Kohli M
- Subjects
- Aged, Biomarkers, Tumor blood, Biomarkers, Tumor genetics, Carcinoma, Renal Cell blood, Carcinoma, Renal Cell diagnosis, Carcinoma, Renal Cell pathology, Female, Humans, Kidney Neoplasms blood, Kidney Neoplasms diagnosis, Kidney Neoplasms pathology, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Metastasis diagnosis, Neoplasm Metastasis genetics, Neoplasm Metastasis pathology, Prognosis, RNA, Messenger blood, Carcinoma, Renal Cell genetics, Kidney Neoplasms genetics, RNA, Messenger genetics, Transcriptome
- Abstract
The Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) prognostic score is based on clinical parameters. We analyzed whole blood mRNA expression in metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mCCRCC) patients and compared it to the MSKCC score for predicting overall survival. In a discovery set of 19 patients with mRCC, we performed whole transcriptome RNA sequencing and selected eighteen candidate genes for further evaluation based on associations with overall survival and statistical significance. In an independent validation of set of 47 patients with mCCRCC, transcript expression of the 18 candidate genes were quantified using a customized NanoString probeset. Cox regression multivariate analysis confirmed that two of the candidate genes were significantly associated with overall survival. Higher expression of BAG1 [hazard ratio (HR) of 0.14, p < 0.0001, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.04-0.36] and NOP56 (HR 0.13, p < 0.0001, 95% CI 0.05-0.34) were associated with better prognosis. A prognostic model incorporating expression of BAG1 and NOP56 into the MSKCC score improved prognostication significantly over a model using the MSKCC prognostic score only ( p < 0.0001). Prognostic value of using whole blood mRNA gene profiling in mCCRCC is feasible and should be prospectively confirmed in larger studies., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. The founding sponsors had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to publish the results.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Scientific user requirements for a herbarium data portal.
- Author
-
Vissers J, den Bosch FV, Bogaerts A, Cocquyt C, Degreef J, Diagre D, de Haan M, Smedt S, Henry Engledow, Ertz D, Fabri R, Godefroid S, Nicole Hanquart, Mergen P, Ronse A, Sosef M, Stévart T, Stoffelen P, Vanderhoeven S, and Groom Q
- Abstract
The digitization of herbaria and their online access will greatly facilitate access to plant collections around the world. This will improve the efficiency of taxonomy and help reduce inequalities between scientists. The Botanic Garden Meise, Belgium, is currently digitizing 1.2 million specimens including label data. In this paper we describe the user requirements analysis conducted for a new herbarium web portal. The aim was to identify the required functionality, but also to assist in the prioritization of software development and data acquisition. The Garden conducted the analysis in cooperation with Clockwork, the digital engagement agency of Ordina. Using a series of interactive interviews, potential users were consulted from universities, research institutions, science-policy initiatives and the Botanic Garden Meise. Although digital herbarium data have many potential stakeholders, we focused on the needs of taxonomists, ecologists and historians, who are currently the primary users of the Meise herbarium data portal. The three categories of user have similar needs, all wanted as much specimen data as possible, and for those data, to be interlinked with other digital resources within and outside the Garden. Many users wanted an interactive system that they could comment on, or correct online, particularly if such corrections and annotations could be used to rank the reliability of data. Many requirements depend on the quality of the digitized data associated with each specimen. The essential data fields are the taxonomic name; geographic location; country; collection date; collector name and collection number. Also all researchers valued linkage between biodiversity literature and specimens. Nevertheless, to verify digitized data the researchers still want access to high quality images, even if fully transcribed label information is provided. The only major point of disagreement is the level of access users should have and what they should be allowed to do with the data and images. Not all of the user requirements are feasible given the current technical and regulatory landscape, however, the potential of these suggestions is discussed. Currently, there is no off-the-shelf solution to satisfy all these user requirements, but the intention of this paper is to guide other herbaria who are prioritising their investment in digitization and online web functionality.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Circumscription and phylogeny of the Lepidostromatales (lichenized Basidiomycota) following discovery of new species from China and Africa.
- Author
-
Liu D, Goffinet B, Ertz D, De Kesel A, Wang X, Hur JS, Shi H, Zhang Y, Yang M, and Wang L
- Subjects
- Basidiomycota isolation & purification, China, Cluster Analysis, DNA, Fungal chemistry, DNA, Fungal genetics, DNA, Ribosomal chemistry, DNA, Ribosomal genetics, DNA, Ribosomal Spacer chemistry, DNA, Ribosomal Spacer genetics, RNA, Ribosomal, 18S genetics, RNA, Ribosomal, 28S genetics, RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Basidiomycota classification, Basidiomycota genetics, Phylogeny
- Abstract
Based on an exhaustive sampling of all known Lepidostromatales, a lineage of clavarioid lichen-forming basidiomycetes, we assess (i) the phylogenetic affinities of the six Chinese species currently accommodated in Multiclavula (Cantharellales) based on inferences from the 18S and 28S subunits of the nuclear ribosomal DNA repeat and (ii) the phylogenetic structure among Chinese populations of Lepidostromatales, based on the nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (internal transcribed spacer [ITS]) regions. Multiclavula fossicola and M. sinensis belong to the Lepidostromatales and are transferred to Sulzbacheromyces. Chinese reports of M. clara and M. vernalis belong to species of Lepidostromatales, and specimens identified as M. mucida belong to the nonlichenized genus Clavaria. Hence, evidence of Multiclavula occurring in China is lacking. Similarly, L. calocerum is excluded from the Chinese flora. The recently described L. asianum should be regarded as conspecific with S. sinensis. Three new species of Sulzbacheromyces are described: S. bicolor and S. yunnanensis from China and S. miomboensis from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Consequently, Sulzbacheromyces is new to Asia and Africa. A worldwide key to the species of Lepidostromatales is provided.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Contribution to the phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Taeniolella, with a focus on lichenicolous taxa.
- Author
-
Ertz D, Heuchert B, Braun U, Freebury CE, Common RS, and Diederich P
- Subjects
- Ascomycota genetics, DNA, Fungal genetics, DNA, Ribosomal genetics, Ascomycota classification, Ascomycota isolation & purification, Lichens microbiology, Phylogeny
- Abstract
Taeniolella is a genus of asexual ascomycetes with saprophytic, endophytic, and lichenicolous life styles. A phylogeny of representative species is presented, with a focus on lichenicolous taxa. We obtained mtSSU and nuLSU sequence data from culture isolates of Taeniolella and from freshly collected specimens of other taxa. Taeniolella is recovered as strongly polyphyletic. The type species, Taeniolella exilis, is placed in Kirschsteiniotheliaceae within Dothideomycetes. Other saprophytic/endophytic Taeniolella species previously assigned to Sordariomycetes based on sequences were found to represent either contaminants or species that cannot be assigned to Taeniolella for morphological reasons. Lichenicolous species are restricted to Asterotexiales (Dothideomycetes) where the sequenced species of Taeniolella do not form a monophyletic group, but are related to species of Buelliella s. lat., Karschia, Labrocarpon, Melaspilea s. lat., and Stictographa. Molecular data are, however, not sufficient to reallocate the lichenicolous Taeniolella species to other genera so far. Anamorph-teleomorph relationships between these taxa and lichenicolous Taeniolella are discussed but could not be demonstrated. The type of Buelliella is placed in Asterotexiales, and the genus recovered as polyphyletic. Three new lichenicolous Taeniolella species are described, Taeniolella hawksworthiana, Taeniolella pyrenulae and Taeniolella toruloides. Taeniolella rudis is transferred to Sterigmatobotrys., (Copyright © 2016 British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Bacterial and eukaryotic biodiversity patterns in terrestrial and aquatic habitats in the Sør Rondane Mountains, Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica.
- Author
-
Obbels D, Verleyen E, Mano MJ, Namsaraev Z, Sweetlove M, Tytgat B, Fernandez-Carazo R, De Wever A, D'hondt S, Ertz D, Elster J, Sabbe K, Willems A, Wilmotte A, and Vyverman W
- Subjects
- Antarctic Regions, Base Sequence, Biodiversity, Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis, Ecosystem, Fungi classification, RNA, Ribosomal genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Soil chemistry, Soil Microbiology, Acidobacteria genetics, Actinobacteria genetics, Bacteroidetes genetics, Chlorophyta genetics, Cyanobacteria genetics, Fungi genetics, Proteobacteria genetics
- Abstract
The bacterial and microeukaryotic biodiversity were studied using pyrosequencing analysis on a 454 GS FLX+ platform of partial SSU rRNA genes in terrestrial and aquatic habitats of the Sør Rondane Mountains, including soils, on mosses, endolithic communities, cryoconite holes and supraglacial and subglacial meltwater lenses. This inventory was complemented with Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis targeting Chlorophyta and Cyanobacteria. OTUs belonging to the Rotifera, Chlorophyta, Tardigrada, Ciliophora, Cercozoa, Fungi, Bryophyta, Bacillariophyta, Collembola and Nematoda were present with a relative abundance of at least 0.1% in the eukaryotic communities. Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, FBP and Actinobacteria were the most abundant bacterial phyla. Multivariate analyses of the pyrosequencing data revealed a general lack of differentiation of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes according to habitat type. However, the bacterial community structure in the aquatic habitats was dominated by the filamentous cyanobacteria Leptolyngbya and appeared to be significantly different compared with those in dry soils, on mosses, and in endolithic habitats. A striking feature in all datasets was the detection of a relatively large amount of sequences new to science, which underscores the need for additional biodiversity assessments in Antarctic inland locations., (© FEMS 2016. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Evolution of complex symbiotic relationships in a morphologically derived family of lichen-forming fungi.
- Author
-
Divakar PK, Crespo A, Wedin M, Leavitt SD, Hawksworth DL, Myllys L, McCune B, Randlane T, Bjerke JW, Ohmura Y, Schmitt I, Boluda CG, Alors D, Roca-Valiente B, Del-Prado R, Ruibal C, Buaruang K, Núñez-Zapata J, Amo de Paz G, Rico VJ, Molina MC, Elix JA, Esslinger TL, Tronstad IK, Lindgren H, Ertz D, Gueidan C, Saag L, Mark K, Singh G, Dal Grande F, Parnmen S, Beck A, Benatti MN, Blanchon D, Candan M, Clerc P, Goward T, Grube M, Hodkinson BP, Hur JS, Kantvilas G, Kirika PM, Lendemer J, Mattsson JE, Messuti MI, Miadlikowska J, Nelsen M, Ohlson JI, Pérez-Ortega S, Saag A, Sipman HJ, Sohrabi M, Thell A, Thor G, Truong C, Yahr R, Upreti DK, Cubas P, and Lumbsch HT
- Subjects
- Classification, Biological Evolution, Genes, Fungal, Lichens genetics, Parmeliaceae genetics, Phylogeny, Symbiosis
- Abstract
We studied the evolutionary history of the Parmeliaceae (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota), one of the largest families of lichen-forming fungi with complex and variable morphologies, also including several lichenicolous fungi. We assembled a six-locus data set including nuclear, mitochondrial and low-copy protein-coding genes from 293 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The lichenicolous lifestyle originated independently three times in lichenized ancestors within Parmeliaceae, and a new generic name is introduced for one of these fungi. In all cases, the independent origins occurred c. 24 million yr ago. Further, we show that the Paleocene, Eocene and Oligocene were key periods when diversification of major lineages within Parmeliaceae occurred, with subsequent radiations occurring primarily during the Oligocene and Miocene. Our phylogenetic hypothesis supports the independent origin of lichenicolous fungi associated with climatic shifts at the Oligocene-Miocene boundary. Moreover, diversification bursts at different times may be crucial factors driving the diversification of Parmeliaceae. Additionally, our study provides novel insight into evolutionary relationships in this large and diverse family of lichen-forming ascomycetes., (© 2015 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2015 New Phytologist Trust.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Phylogenetic placement of the lichenicolous, anamorphic genus Lichenodiplis and its connection to Muellerella-like teleomorphs.
- Author
-
Muggia L, Kopun T, and Ertz D
- Subjects
- Ascomycota cytology, Cluster Analysis, DNA, Fungal chemistry, DNA, Fungal genetics, DNA, Ribosomal chemistry, DNA, Ribosomal genetics, Microscopy, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, RNA, Ribosomal, 18S genetics, RNA, Ribosomal, 28S genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Ascomycota classification, Ascomycota genetics
- Abstract
Lichenicolous fungi are a specialized group of taxa which inhabit lichens and develop diverse degrees of specificity and parasitic behaviour towards their hosts. They are recognized only by their phenotypic symptoms and sexual or asexual spore-producing structures on the lichen thalli. Only recently, molecular data and culture dependent approaches have helped in uncovering the species diversity and in verifying the phylogenetic position and anamorph-teleomorph relationships of some taxa. Here, we studied the phylogenetic placement of representative taxa of two lichenicolous genera, the coelomycete Lichenodiplis and the ascomycete Muellerella. We obtained molecular data for three nuclear and mitochondrial loci (28S, 18S, and 16S), both from fresh collected specimens and culture isolates. Our multilocus phylogeny places Lichenodiplis and Muellerella samples in one monophyletic, fully supported clade, sister to Epibryon (Epibryaceae) in Chaetothyriales (Eurotiomycetes). Morphological analyses of axenically cultured fungi show the formation of conidiomata and conidiospores in both Lichenodiplis and Muellerella isolates. We suggest that the species Lichenodiplis lecanorae and Muellerella atricola represent, respectively, the anamorphic and teleomorphic stages of the same fungus and discuss their relationships with the other fungal families in Chaetothyriomycetidae., (Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Culturable bacterial diversity at the Princess Elisabeth Station (Utsteinen, Sør Rondane Mountains, East Antarctica) harbours many new taxa.
- Author
-
Peeters K, Ertz D, and Willems A
- Subjects
- Antarctic Regions, Bacteria genetics, Bacteria growth & development, Bacteria isolation & purification, Culture Media, Genes, rRNA, Genetic Variation, RNA, Bacterial genetics, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Temperature, Bacteria classification, Biodiversity, Genome, Bacterial, Phylogeny
- Abstract
We studied the culturable heterotrophic bacterial diversity present at the site of the new Princess Elisabeth Station at Utsteinen (Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica) before construction. About 800 isolates were picked from two terrestrial microbial mat samples after incubation on several growth media at different temperatures. They were grouped using rep-PCR fingerprinting and partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete 16S rRNA gene sequences of 93 representatives showed that the isolates belonged to five major phyla: Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Deinococcus-Thermus. Isolates related to the genus Arthrobacter were the most prevalent whereas the genera Hymenobacter, Deinococcus, Cryobacterium and Sphingomonas were also recovered in high numbers in both samples. A total of 35 different genera were found, the majority of which has previously been reported from Antarctica. For the genera Aeromicrobium, Aurantimonas, Rothia, Subtercola, Tessaracoccus and Xylophilus, this is the first report in Antarctica. In addition, numerous potential new species and new genera were recovered; many of them currently restricted to Antarctica, particularly in the phyla Bacteroidetes and Deinococcus-Thermus., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. A two-gene phylogeny shows the lichen genus Niebla (Lecanorales) is endemic to the New World and does not occur in Macaronesia nor in the Mediterranean basin.
- Author
-
Sérusiaux E, van den Boom P, and Ertz D
- Subjects
- Ascomycota genetics, Ascomycota isolation & purification, DNA, Fungal genetics, DNA, Ribosomal genetics, Mediterranean Region, Molecular Sequence Data, North America, Oceans and Seas, Ascomycota classification, Evolution, Molecular, Lichens microbiology, Phylogeny
- Abstract
The generic segregates of the widespread fruticose genus Ramalina (mostly based on empirical data on morphology, cortex anatomy and secondary metabolites) are studied using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of nuclear LSU and ITS sequences. The species examined include the three species aggregates within Niebla from the western coasts of North America, all species except one assumed to belong to the same genus from Macaronesia and the Mediterranean basin, the type species of Dievernia and Ramalina, and representatives of the genus Fistulariella. The genus Niebla is strongly supported when restricted to species from the New World, and all species referred to it from Macaronesia and the Mediterranean basin belong to Ramalina (R. bourgeana, R. crispatula, R. cupularis, R. hamulosa, R. portosantana, R. rosacea, R. subwebbiana and R. webbii). No support is found for the genera Dievernia and Fistulariella. The internal topology of the large genus Ramalina is unresolved and needs further studies., (Copyright © 2010 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. The Ascomycota tree of life: a phylum-wide phylogeny clarifies the origin and evolution of fundamental reproductive and ecological traits.
- Author
-
Schoch CL, Sung GH, López-Giráldez F, Townsend JP, Miadlikowska J, Hofstetter V, Robbertse B, Matheny PB, Kauff F, Wang Z, Gueidan C, Andrie RM, Trippe K, Ciufetti LM, Wynns A, Fraker E, Hodkinson BP, Bonito G, Groenewald JZ, Arzanlou M, de Hoog GS, Crous PW, Hewitt D, Pfister DH, Peterson K, Gryzenhout M, Wingfield MJ, Aptroot A, Suh SO, Blackwell M, Hillis DM, Griffith GW, Castlebury LA, Rossman AY, Lumbsch HT, Lücking R, Büdel B, Rauhut A, Diederich P, Ertz D, Geiser DM, Hosaka K, Inderbitzin P, Kohlmeyer J, Volkmann-Kohlmeyer B, Mostert L, O'Donnell K, Sipman H, Rogers JD, Shoemaker RA, Sugiyama J, Summerbell RC, Untereiner W, Johnston PR, Stenroos S, Zuccaro A, Dyer PS, Crittenden PD, Cole MS, Hansen K, Trappe JM, Yahr R, Lutzoni F, and Spatafora JW
- Subjects
- Ascomycota classification, Ascomycota cytology, Ecosystem, Genes, Fungal, Reproduction, Ascomycota genetics, Phylogeny
- Abstract
We present a 6-gene, 420-species maximum-likelihood phylogeny of Ascomycota, the largest phylum of Fungi. This analysis is the most taxonomically complete to date with species sampled from all 15 currently circumscribed classes. A number of superclass-level nodes that have previously evaded resolution and were unnamed in classifications of the Fungi are resolved for the first time. Based on the 6-gene phylogeny we conducted a phylogenetic informativeness analysis of all 6 genes and a series of ancestral character state reconstructions that focused on morphology of sporocarps, ascus dehiscence, and evolution of nutritional modes and ecologies. A gene-by-gene assessment of phylogenetic informativeness yielded higher levels of informativeness for protein genes (RPB1, RPB2, and TEF1) as compared with the ribosomal genes, which have been the standard bearer in fungal systematics. Our reconstruction of sporocarp characters is consistent with 2 origins for multicellular sexual reproductive structures in Ascomycota, once in the common ancestor of Pezizomycotina and once in the common ancestor of Neolectomycetes. This first report of dual origins of ascomycete sporocarps highlights the complicated nature of assessing homology of morphological traits across Fungi. Furthermore, ancestral reconstruction supports an open sporocarp with an exposed hymenium (apothecium) as the primitive morphology for Pezizomycotina with multiple derivations of the partially (perithecia) or completely enclosed (cleistothecia) sporocarps. Ascus dehiscence is most informative at the class level within Pezizomycotina with most superclass nodes reconstructed equivocally. Character-state reconstructions support a terrestrial, saprobic ecology as ancestral. In contrast to previous studies, these analyses support multiple origins of lichenization events with the loss of lichenization as less frequent and limited to terminal, closely related species.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Towards a new classification of the Arthoniales (Ascomycota) based on a three-gene phylogeny focussing on the genus Opegrapha.
- Author
-
Ertz D, Miadlikowska J, Lutzoni F, Dessein S, Raspé O, Vigneron N, Hofstetter V, and Diederich P
- Subjects
- Ascomycota genetics, Ascomycota ultrastructure, Bayes Theorem, Culture Media, Mitochondrial Proteins genetics, Nuclear Proteins genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Species Specificity, Ascomycota classification, Fungal Proteins genetics, Mycological Typing Techniques, Phylogeny
- Abstract
A multi-locus phylogenetic study of the order Arthoniales is presented here using the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (nuLSU), the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) and the mitochondrial ribosomal small subunit (mtSSU). These genes were sequenced from 43 specimens or culture isolates representing 33 species from this order, 16 of which were from the second largest genus, Opegrapha. With the inclusion of sequences from GenBank, ten genera and 35 species are included in this study, representing about 18% of the genera and ca 3% of the species of this order. Our study revealed the homoplastic nature of morphological characters traditionally used to circumscribe genera within the Arthoniales, such as exciple carbonization and ascomatal structure. The genus Opegrapha appears polyphyletic, species of that genus being nested in all the major clades identified within Arthoniales. The transfer of O. atra and O. calcarea to the genus Arthonia will allow this genus and family Arthoniaceae to be recognized as monophyletic. The genus Enterographa was also found to be polyphyletic. Therefore, the following new combinations are needed: Arthonia calcarea (basionym: O. calcarea), and O. anguinella (basionym: Stigmatidium anguinellum); and the use of the names A. atra and Enterographa zonata are proposed here. The simultaneous use of a mitochondrial gene and two nuclear genes led to the detection of what seems to be a case of introgression of a mitochondrion from one species to another (mitochondrion capture; cytoplasmic gene flow) resulting from hybridization.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. A new lineage of lichenized basidiomycetes inferred from a two-gene phylogeny: The Lepidostromataceae with three species from the tropics.
- Author
-
Ertz D, Lawrey JD, Sikaroodi M, Gillevet PM, Fischer E, Killmann D, and Sérusiaux E
- Abstract
The lichen habit has apparently evolved independently in at least five major clades of mushroom-forming basidiomycetes (Agaricomycetes). Tracing the origin of lichenization in these groups depends on a clearer understanding of the phylogenetic relationships of basidiolichens to other fungi. We describe here a new family of basidiolichens made up of tropical, soil-inhabiting fungi that form lichenized, scale-like squamules and erect, coral-like fruiting structures. These structures are common to two basidiolichen genera, Multiclavula and Lepidostroma. Molecular studies have confirmed the phylogenetic position of Multiclavula species in the Cantharellales, but Lepidostroma species have never been sequenced. We obtained nuclear small and large subunit ribosomal sequences from specimens of L. calocerum collected in Costa Rica and Mexico and also from specimens of two Multiclavula spp. recently described from Rwanda. The phylogenetic placement of these fungi within the Agaricomycetes was investigated using likelihood and Bayesian analyses. Our results indicate that L. calocerum and the Rwandan species form a natural group unrelated to Multiclavula and sister to the Atheliales, members of which are neither lichen-forming nor clavarioid. The independent evolution of morphologically similar forms in so many groups of basidiomycetes is a remarkable example of convergence, indicating similar pathways to lichenization in these fungi.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Switchable reflector in the Panamanian tortoise beetle Charidotella egregia (Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae).
- Author
-
Vigneron JP, Pasteels JM, Windsor DM, Vértesy Z, Rassart M, Seldrum T, Dumont J, Deparis O, Lousse V, Biró LP, Ertz D, and Welch V
- Subjects
- Animals, Humidity, Light, Mass Spectrometry, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Porosity, Refractometry, Scattering, Radiation, Coleoptera anatomy & histology, Pigmentation
- Abstract
The tortoise beetle Charidotella egregia is able to modify the structural color of its cuticle reversibly, when disturbed by stressful external events. After field observations, measurements of the optical properties in the two main stable color states and scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope investigations, a physical mechanism is proposed to explain the color switching of this insect. It is shown that the gold coloration displayed by animals at rest arises from a chirped multilayer reflector maintained in a perfect coherent state by the presence of humidity in the porous patches within each layer, while the red color displayed by disturbed animals results from the destruction of this reflector by the expulsion of the liquid from the porous patches, turning the multilayer into a translucent slab that leaves an unobstructed view of the deeper-lying, pigmented red substrate. This mechanism not only explains the change of hue but also the change of scattering mode from specular to diffuse. Quantitative modeling is developed in support of this analysis.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Phylogenetic diversity of lichen-associated homobasidiomycetes.
- Author
-
Lawrey JD, Binder M, Diederich P, Molina MC, Sikaroodi M, and Ertz D
- Subjects
- Basidiomycota classification, Basidiomycota genetics, Lichens classification, Lichens genetics, Phylogeny
- Abstract
The vast majority of lichenicolous fungi are relatively host-specific, nonvirulent ascomycetes and heterobasidiomycetes. A few known lichenicolous homobasidiomycetes (mushroom-forming fungi) generally exhibit broad host ecologies and in some cases, high virulence. Many produce conspicuous sclerotia or bulbils, thought to be adaptive in dispersal and survival. To more clearly understand the evolution of these atypical behaviors in lichenicolous basidiomycetes, we isolated or acquired specimens or cultures of 23 lichenicolous homobasidiomycetes and their relatives, from which we obtained mainly nuclear and some mitochondrial rDNA sequences. Phylogenetic analyses in this study indicate that a lichenicolous habit arose in four major clades. In two of these clades the habit represents a major evolutionary theme linked to the origin of well-known basidiolichens. The phylogenetic diversity of these fungi indicates that the lichenicolous habit arose recently and independently in the mushroom-forming fungi.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Optical structure and function of the white filamentary hair covering the edelweiss bracts.
- Author
-
Vigneron JP, Rassart M, Vértesy Z, Kertész K, Sarrazin M, Biró LP, Ertz D, and Lousse V
- Subjects
- Asteraceae radiation effects, Computer Simulation, Hair radiation effects, Light, Structure-Activity Relationship, Asteraceae cytology, Asteraceae physiology, Hair cytology, Hair physiology, Models, Biological, Refractometry methods
- Abstract
The optical properties of the inflorescence of the high-altitude Leontopodium nivale subsp. alpinum (edelweiss) is investigated, in relation with its submicrometer structure, as determined by scanning electron microscopy. The filaments forming the hair layer have been found to exhibit an internal structure which may be one of the few examples of a photonic structure found in a plant. Measurements of light transmission through a self-supported layer of hair pads taken from the bracts supports the idea that the wooly layer covering the plant absorbs near-ultraviolet radiation before it reaches the cellular tissue. Calculations based on a photonic-crystal model provide insight on the way radiation can be absorbed by the filamentary threads.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Assembling the fungal tree of life: progress, classification, and evolution of subcellular traits.
- Author
-
Lutzoni F, Kauff F, Cox CJ, McLaughlin D, Celio G, Dentinger B, Padamsee M, Hibbett D, James TY, Baloch E, Grube M, Reeb V, Hofstetter V, Schoch C, Arnold AE, Miadlikowska J, Spatafora J, Johnson D, Hambleton S, Crockett M, Shoemaker R, Sung GH, Lücking R, Lumbsch T, O'Donnell K, Binder M, Diederich P, Ertz D, Gueidan C, Hansen K, Harris RC, Hosaka K, Lim YW, Matheny B, Nishida H, Pfister D, Rogers J, Rossman A, Schmitt I, Sipman H, Stone J, Sugiyama J, Yahr R, and Vilgalys R
- Abstract
Based on an overview of progress in molecular systematics of the true fungi (Fungi/Eumycota) since 1990, little overlap was found among single-locus data matrices, which explains why no large-scale multilocus phylogenetic analysis had been undertaken to reveal deep relationships among fungi. As part of the project "Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life" (AFTOL), results of four Bayesian analyses are reported with complementary bootstrap assessment of phylogenetic confidence based on (1) a combined two-locus data set (nucSSU and nucLSU rDNA) with 558 species representing all traditionally recognized fungal phyla (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota) and the Glomeromycota, (2) a combined three-locus data set (nucSSU, nucLSU, and mitSSU rDNA) with 236 species, (3) a combined three-locus data set (nucSSU, nucLSU rDNA, and RPB2) with 157 species, and (4) a combined four-locus data set (nucSSU, nucLSU, mitSSU rDNA, and RPB2) with 103 species. Because of the lack of complementarity among single-locus data sets, the last three analyses included only members of the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. The four-locus analysis resolved multiple deep relationships within the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota that were not revealed previously or that received only weak support in previous studies. The impact of this newly discovered phylogenetic structure on supraordinal classifications is discussed. Based on these results and reanalysis of subcellular data, current knowledge of the evolution of septal features of fungal hyphae is synthesized, and a preliminary reassessment of ascomal evolution is presented. Based on previously unpublished data and sequences from GenBank, this study provides a phylogenetic synthesis for the Fungi and a framework for future phylogenetic studies on fungi.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.