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906 results on '"Escarguel A."'

1. An exploration of temporal coherence of light through holography

Author

Escarguel, Alexandre and Martin, Céline

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

Abstract The coherence time $\tau$ c of light is an important physical parameter in fundamental and applied optics and therefore, it is crucial that students understand its meaning. In this work, this notion is addressed through holography by simple experiments for bachelor and master students at Aix-Marseilles University. The coherence time of light sources used to make holograms is one of the key parameters for the success of such experiments; it must be large enough so that an optical wave train divided in two parts (reference/objects beams) interferes with itself to record the 3D shape of the object on the photosensitive medium. That is why laser sources, with much longer $\tau$ c than other light sources, are commonly used to make holograms. We have recently worked with students on this problem; is it possible not to use a laser to make holograms? Which coherence time do we need for which hologram? After a study of the coherence time of different light sources (HeNe laser, red Light-Emitting Diode (LED) with and without 1 nm wide interference filter and high pressure mercury lamp with green filter) by emission spectroscopy and by interferometry, an extremely simple experimental setup is used to realize holograms of a coin with them. The observation of these holograms, coupled to a scan of the coin shape with an optical microscope, enables the deduction of information on the coherence length of these light sources.

Published
2024
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3. Spatially resolved determination of the electronic density and temperature by a visible spectrotomography diagnostic in a linear magnetized plasma

Author

Gonzalez-Fernandez, V., David, P., Baude, R., Escarguel, A., and Camenen, Y.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

In this work, a non-intrusive, spatially resolved, spectro-tomographic optical diagnostic of the electronic density and temperature on the linear plasma column Mistral is presented. Coupling of spectroscopy and tomography technique gives access to the local plasma light emission at different wavelengths (visible and near IR) in an argon plasma. Taking advantage of the symmetry of the Mistral experiment, the diagnostic results are validated and the plasma is found to correspond to a corona equilibrium state. With the use of another spectrometer and a Langmuir probe, we propose a non-intrusive method to determine the electronic density and temperature of each pixel of the tomographic images of the plasma. The obtained results are in good agreement with the Langmuir probe ones.

Published
2020
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6. A new Early Triassic crinoid from Nevada questions the origin and palaeobiogeographical history of dadocrinids

Author

THOMAS SAUCÈDE, CHRISTOPHER SMITH, NICOLAS OLIVIER, CHRISTOPHE DURLET, PIERRE GUERIAU, MATHIEU THOURY, EMMANUEL FARA, GILLES ESCARGUEL, and ARNAUD BRAYARD

Subjects
crinoidea, articulata, dadocrinus, early triassic, spathian, nevada, usa, Fossil man. Human paleontology, GN282-286.7, Paleontology, QE701-760
Abstract

Knowledge of the early evolution of post-Palaeozoic crinoids mainly relies on the well-preserved and abundant material sampled in Triassic Konservat-Lagerstätten such as those from the Anisian Muschelkalk (Middle Triassic) of the Germanic Basin. These crinoid-bearing Lagerstätten have been central to understanding the rapid evolution and diversification of crinoids after the dramatic Permian/Triassic Boundary biological crisis that led the class to near-extinction. The Encrinida are the emblematic crinoids of the Triassic. They are mainly known from rich fossil deposits where their abundant ossicles are at the origin of the extensive crinoidal limestone beds of the German Upper Muschelkalk. So far, they were first represented in the Middle Triassic by the family Dadocrinidae and genus Dadocrinus. In the present work, a new species Dadocrinus montellonis sp. nov., is described based on a well-preserved, almost complete articulated specimen from the Spathian (Lower Triassic) of Nevada (USA). The new species differs from other species of Dadocrinus by its palaeobiogeographic position but also by its earlier stratigraphic occurrence and ancestral morphology. It represents the first reported occurrence of Dadocrinus outside the Germanic Basin prior to the Middle Triassic and also the oldest firm evidence of its presence in the Early Triassic (middle–late Spathian). This discovery sheds new light on the origin of post-Palaeozoic crinoids. It suggests a much wider distribution than commonly assumed for the genus Dadocrinus and implies that the first dadocrinids originated either in the Panthalassa or Tethys oceans, and then dispersed over long distances in a relative short period of time.

Published
2023
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8. Overview of the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation programme in support of ITER and DEMO

Author

Joffrin, E, Wischmeier, M, Baruzzo, M, Hakola, A, Kappatou, A, Keeling, D, Labit, B, Tsitrone, E, Vianello, N, Abate, D, Adamek, J, Agostini, M, Albert, C, Devasagayam, F, Aleiferis, S, Alessi, E, Alhage, J, Allan, S, Allcock, J, Alonzo, M, Anastasiou, G, Sunden, E, Angioni, C, Anquetin, Y, Appel, L, Apruzzese, G, Ariola, M, Arnas, C, Artaud, J, Arter, W, Asztalos, O, Aucone, L, Aumeunier, M, Auriemma, F, Ayllon, J, Aymerich, E, Baciero, A, Bagnato, F, Bahner, L, Bairaktaris, F, Balazs, P, Balbinot, L, Balboa, I, Balden, M, Balestri, A, Ruiz, M, Barberis, T, Barcellona, C, Bardsley, O, Benkadda, S, Bensadon, T, Bernard, E, Bernert, M, Betar, H, Morales, R, Bielecki, J, Bilato, R, Bilkova, P, Bin, W, Birkenmeier, G, Bisson, R, Blanchard, P, Bleasdale, A, Bobkov, V, Boboc, A, Bock, A, Bogar, K, Bohm, P, Bolzonella, T, Bombarda, F, Bonanomi, N, Boncagni, L, Bonfiglio, D, Bonifetto, R, Bonotto, M, Borodin, D, Borodkina, I, Bosman, T, Bourdelle, C, Bowman, C, Brezinsek, S, Brida, D, Brochard, F, Brunet, R, Brunetti, D, Bruno, V, Buchholz, R, Buermans, J, Bufferand, H, Buratti, P, Burckhart, A, Cai, J, Calado, R, Caloud, J, Cancelli, S, Cani, F, Cannas, B, Cappelli, M, Carcangiu, S, Cardinali, A, Carli, S, Carnevale, D, Carole, M, Carpita, M, Carralero, D, Caruggi, F, Carvalho, I, Casiraghi, I, Casolari, A, Casson, F, Castaldo, C, Cathey, A, Causa, F, Cavalier, J, Cavedon, M, Cazabonne, J, Cecconello, M, Ceelen, L, Celora, A, Cerovsky, J, Challis, C, Chandra, R, Chankin, A, Chapman, B, Chen, H, Chernyshova, M, Chiariello, A, Chmielewski, P, Chomiczewska, A, Cianfarani, C, Ciraolo, G, Citrin, J, Clairet, F, Coda, S, Coelho, R, Coenen, J, Coffey, I, Colandrea, C, Colas, L, Conroy, S, Contre, C, Conway, N, Cordaro, L, Corre, Y, Costa, D, Costea, S, Coster, D, Courtois, X, Cowley, C, Craciunescu, T, Croci, G, Croitoru, A, Crombe, K, Cruz Zabala, D, Cseh, G, Czarski, T, Da Ros, A, Dal Molin, A, Dalla Rosa, M, Damizia, Y, D'Arcangelo, O, David, P, De Angeli, M, De la Cal, E, De La Luna, E, De Tommasi, G, Decker, J, Dejarnac, R, Del Sarto, D, Derks, G, Desgranges, C, Devynck, P, Di Genova, S, di Grazia, L, Di Siena, A, Dicorato, M, Diez, M, Dimitrova, M, Dittmar, T, Dittrich, L, Palacios Duran, J, Donnel, P, Douai, D, Dowson, S, Doyle, S, Dreval, M, Drews, P, Dubus, L, Dumont, R, Dunai, D, Dunne, M, Durif, A, Durodie, F, Durr Legoupil Nicoud, G, Duval, B, Dux, R, Eich, T, Ekedahl, A, Elmore, S, Ericsson, G, Eriksson, J, Eriksson, B, Eriksson, F, Ertmer, S, Escarguel, A, Esposito, B, Estrada, T, Fable, E, Faitsch, M, Fakhrayi Mofrad, N, Fanni, A, Farley, T, Farnik, M, Fedorczak, N, Felici, F, Feng, X, Ferreira, J, Ferreira, D, Ferron, N, Fevrier, O, Ficker, O, Field, A, Figueiredo, A, Fil, N, Fiorucci, D, Firdaouss, M, Fischer, R, Fitzgerald, M, Flebbe, M, Fontana, M, Climent, J, Frank, A, Fransson, E, Frassinetti, L, Frigione, D, Futatani, S, Futtersack, R, Gabriellini, S, Gadariya, D, Galassi, D, Galazka, K, Galdon, J, Galeani, S, Gallart, D, Gallo, A, Galperti, C, Gambrioli, M, Garavaglia, S, Garcia, J, Munoz, M, Gardarein, J, Garzotti, L, Gaspar, J, Gatto, R, Gaudio, P, Gelfusa, M, Gerardin, J, Gerasimov, S, Miguelanez, R, Gervasini, G, Ghani, Z, Ghezzi, F, Ghillardi, G, Giannone, L, Gibson, S, Gil, L, Gillgren, A, Giovannozzi, E, Giroud, C, Giruzzi, G, Gleiter, T, Gobbin, M, Goloborodko, V, Ganzabal, A, Goodman, T, Gopakumar, V, Gorini, G, Gorler, T, Gorno, S, Granucci, G, Greenhouse, D, Grenfell, G, Griener, M, Gromelski, W, Groth, M, Grover, O, Gruca, M, Gude, A, Guillemaut, C, Guirlet, R, Gunn, J, Gyergyek, T, Hagg, L, Hall, J, Ham, C, Hamed, M, Happel, T, Harrer, G, Harrison, J, Harting, D, Hawkes, N, Heinrich, P, Henderson, S, Hennequin, P, Henriques, R, Heuraux, S, Salaverri, J, Hillairet, J, Hillesheim, J, Hjalmarsson, A, Ho, A, Hobirk, J, Hodille, E, Holzl, M, Hoppe, M, Horacek, J, Horsten, N, Horvath, L, Houry, M, Hromasova, K, Huang, J, Huang, Z, Huber, A, Huett, E, Huynh, P, Iantchenko, A, Imrisek, M, Innocente, P, Schrittwieser, C, Isliker, H, Ivanova, P, Stanik, I, Jablczynska, M, Jachmich, S, Jacobsen, A, Jacquet, P, van Vuuren, A, Jardin, A, Jarleblad, H, Jarvinen, A, Jaulmes, F, Jensen, T, Jepu, I, Jessica, S, Johnson, T, Juven, A, Kalis, J, Karhunen, J, Karimov, R, Karpushov, A, Kasilov, S, Kazakov, Y, Kazantzidis, P, Kernbichler, W, Kim, H, King, D, Kiptily, V, Kirjasuo, A, Kirov, K, Kirschner, A, Kit, A, Kiviniemi, T, Kjaer, F, Klinkby, E, Knieps, A, Knoche, U, Kochan, M, Kochl, F, Kocsis, G, Koenders, J, Kogan, L, Kolesnichenko, Y, Kominis, Y, Komm, M, Kong, M, Kool, B, Korsholm, S, Kos, D, Koubiti, M, Kovacic, J, Kovtun, Y, Strzeciwilk, E, Koziol, K, Kozulia, M, Flecken, A, Kreter, A, Krieger, K, Kruezi, U, Krutkin, O, Kudlacek, O, Kumar, U, Kumpulainen, H, Kushoro, M, Kwiatkowski, R, La Matina, M, Lacquaniti, M, Laguardia, L, Lainer, P, Lang, P, Larsen, M, Laszynska, E, Lawson, K, Lazaros, A, Lazzaro, E, Lee, M, Leerink, S, Lehnen, M, Lennholm, M, Lerche, E, Liang, Y, Lier, A, Likonen, J, Linder, O, Lipschultz, B, Listopad, A, Litaudon, X, Smith, E, Liuzza, D, Loarer, T, Lomas, P, Lombardo, J, Lonigro, N, Lorenzini, R, Lowry, C, di Cortemiglia, T, Ludvig Osipov, A, Lunt, T, Lutsenko, V, Macusova, E, Maenpaa, R, Maget, P, Maggi, C, Mailloux, J, Makarov, S, Malinowski, K, Manas, P, Mancini, A, Mancini, D, Mantica, P, Mantsinen, M, Manyer, J, Maraschek, M, Marceca, G, Marcer, G, Marchetto, C, Marchioni, S, Mariani, A, Marin, M, Markl, M, Markovic, T, Marocco, D, Marsden, S, Martellucci, L, Martin, P, Martin, C, Martinelli, F, Martinelli, L, Solis, J, Martone, R, Maslov, M, Masocco, R, Mattei, M, Matthews, G, Matveev, D, Matveeva, E, Mayoral, M, Mazon, D, Mazzi, S, Mazzotta, C, Mcardle, G, Mcdermott, R, Mckay, K, Meigs, A, Meineri, C, Mele, A, Menkovski, V, Menmuir, S, Merle, A, Meyer, H, Michalik, K, Milanesio, D, Militello, F, Milocco, A, Miron, I, Mitchell, J, Mitteau, R, Mitterauer, V, Mlynar, J, Moiseenko, V, Molna, P, Mombelli, F, Monti, C, Montisci, A, Morales, J, Moreau, P, Moret, J, Moro, A, Moulton, D, Mulholland, P, Muraglia, M, Murari, A, Muraro, A, Muscente, P, Mykytchuk, D, Nabais, F, Nakeva, Y, Napoli, F, Nardon, E, Nave, M, Nem, R, Nielsen, A, Nielsen, S, Nocente, M, Nouailletas, R, Nowak, S, Nystrom, H, Ochoukov, R, Offeddu, N, Olasz, S, Olde, C, Oliva, F, Oliveira, D, Oliver, H, Ollus, P, Ongena, J, Orsitto, F, Osborne, N, Otin, R, Dominguez, P, Palade, D, Palomba, S, Pan, O, Panadero, N, Panontin, E, Papadopoulos, A, Papagiannis, P, Papp, G, Parail, V, Pardanaud, C, Parisi, J, Parrott, A, Paschalidis, K, Passoni, M, Pastore, F, Patel, A, Patel, B, Pau, A, Pautasso, G, Pavlichenko, R, Pawelec, E, Pegourie, B, Pelka, G, Peluso, E, Perek, A, Cippo, E, Von Thun, C, Petersson, P, Petravich, G, Peysson, Y, Piergotti, V, Pigatto, L, Piron, C, Piron, L, Pironti, A, Pisano, F, Plank, U, Ploeckl, B, Plyusnin, V, Podolnik, A, Poels, Y, Pokol, G, Poley, J, Por, G, Poradzinski, M, Porcelli, F, Porte, L, Possieri, C, Poulsen, A, Predebon, I, Pucella, G, Pueschel, M, Puglia, P, Putignano, O, Putterich, T, Quadri, V, Quercia, A, Rabinski, M, Radovanovic, L, Ragona, R, Raj, H, Rasinski, M, Rasmussen, J, Ratta, G, Ratynskaia, S, Rayaprolu, R, Rebai, M, Redl, A, Rees, D, Refy, D, Reich, M, Reimerdes, H, Reman, B, Renders, O, Reux, C, Ricci, D, Richou, M, Rienacker, S, Rigamonti, D, Rigollet, F, Rimini, F, Ripamonti, D, Rispoli, N, Rivals, N, Rodriguez, J, Roach, C, Rocchi, G, Rode, S, Rodrigues, P, Romazanov, J, Madrid, C, Rosato, J, Rossi, R, Rubino, G, Rueda, J, Ruiz, J, Ryan, P, Ryan, D, Saarelma, S, Sabot, R, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Sanchis, L, Sand, A, Santos, J, Sarkimaki, K, Sassano, M, Sauter, O, Schettini, G, Schmuck, S, Schneider, P, Schoonheere, N, Schramm, R, Schrittwieser, R, Schuster, C, Schwarz, N, Sciortino, F, D Abusco, M, Scully, S, Selce, A, Senni, L, Senstius, M, Sergienko, G, Sharapov, S, Sharma, R, Shaw, A, Sheikh, U, Sias, G, Sieglin, B, Silburn, S, Silva, C, Silva, A, Silvagni, D, Schmidt, B, Simons, L, Simpson, J, Singh, L, Sipila, S, Siusko, Y, Smith, S, Snicker, A, Solano, E, Solokha, V, Sos, M, Sozzi, C, Spineanu, F, Spizzo, G, Spolaore, M, Spolladore, L, Srinivasan, C, Stagni, A, Stancar, Z, Stankunas, G, Stober, J, Strand, P, Stuart, C, Subba, F, Sun, G, Sun, H, Suttrop, W, Svoboda, J, Szepesi, T, Szepesi, G, Tal, B, Tala, T, Tamain, P, Tardini, G, Tardocchi, M, Taylor, D, Telesca, G, Tenaglia, A, Terra, A, Terranova, D, Testa, D, Theiler, C, Tholerus, E, Thomas, B, Thoren, E, Thornton, A, Thrysoe, A, Tichit, Q, Tierens, W, Titarenko, A, Tolias, P, Tomasina, E, Tomes, M, Tonello, E, Tookey, A, Jimenez, M, Tsironis, C, Tsui, C, Tykhyy, A, Ugoletti, M, Usoltseva, M, Valcarcel, D, Valentini, A, Valisa, M, Vallar, M, Valovic, M, Valvis, S, van Berkel, M, Van Eester, D, Van Mulders, S, van Rossem, M, Vann, R, Vanovac, B, Varje, J, Vartanian, S, Vecsei, M, Gallardo, L, Veranda, M, Verdier, T, Verdoolaege, G, Verhaegh, K, Vermare, L, Rinati, G, Vicente, J, Viezzer, E, Vignitchouk, L, Villone, F, Vincent, B, Vincenzi, P, Vlad, M, Vogel, G, Voitsekhovitch, I, Voldiner, I, Vondracek, P, Vu, N, Vuoriheimo, T, Wade, C, Wang, E, Wauters, T, Weiland, M, Weisen, H, Wendler, N, Weston, D, Widdowson, A, Wiesen, S, Wiesenberger, M, Wijkamp, T, Willensdorfer, M, Wilson, T, Wojenski, A, Wuethrich, C, Wyss, I, Xiang, L, Xu, S, Yadykin, D, Yakovenko, Y, Yang, H, Yanovskiy, V, Yi, R, Zaar, B, Zadvitskiy, G, Zakharov, L, Zanca, P, Zarzoso, D, Zayachuk, Y, Zebrowski, J, Zerbini, M, Zestanakis, P, Zimmermann, C, Zlobinski, M, Zohar, A, Zotta, V, Zou, X, Zuin, M, Zurita, M, Zychor, I, Joffrin E., Wischmeier M., Baruzzo M., Hakola A., Kappatou A., Keeling D., Labit B., Tsitrone E., Vianello N., Abate D., Adamek J., Agostini M., Albert C., Devasagayam F. C. P. A., Aleiferis S., Alessi E., Alhage J., Allan S., Allcock J., Alonzo M., Anastasiou G., Sunden E. A., Angioni C., Anquetin Y., Appel L., Apruzzese G. M., Ariola M., Arnas C., Artaud J. F., Arter W., Asztalos O., Aucone L., Aumeunier M. H., Auriemma F., Ayllon J., Aymerich E., Baciero A., Bagnato F., Bahner L., Bairaktaris F., Balazs P., Balbinot L., Balboa I., Balden M., Balestri A., Ruiz M. B., Barberis T., Barcellona C., Bardsley O., Benkadda S., Bensadon T., Bernard E., Bernert M., Betar H., Morales R. B., Bielecki J., Bilato R., Bilkova P., Bin W., Birkenmeier G., Bisson R., Blanchard P., Bleasdale A., Bobkov V., Boboc A., Bock A., Bogar K., Bohm P., Bolzonella T., Bombarda F., Bonanomi N., Boncagni L., Bonfiglio D., Bonifetto R., Bonotto M., Borodin D., Borodkina I., Bosman T. O. S. J., Bourdelle C., Bowman C., Brezinsek S., Brida D., Brochard F., Brunet R., Brunetti D., Bruno V., Buchholz R., Buermans J., Bufferand H., Buratti P., Burckhart A., Cai J., Calado R., Caloud J., Cancelli S., Cani F., Cannas B., Cappelli M., Carcangiu S., Cardinali A., Carli S., Carnevale D., Carole M., Carpita M., Carralero D., Caruggi F., Carvalho I. S., Casiraghi I., Casolari A., Casson F. J., Castaldo C., Cathey A., Causa F., Cavalier J., Cavedon M., Cazabonne J., Cecconello M., Ceelen L., Celora A., Cerovsky J., Challis C. D., Chandra R., Chankin A., Chapman B., Chen H., Chernyshova M., Chiariello A. G., Chmielewski P., Chomiczewska A., Cianfarani C., Ciraolo G., Citrin J., Clairet F., Coda S., Coelho R., Coenen J. W., Coffey I. H., Colandrea C., Colas L., Conroy S., Contre C., Conway N. J., Cordaro L., Corre Y., Costa D., Costea S., Coster D., Courtois X., Cowley C., Craciunescu T., Croci G., Croitoru A. M., Crombe K., Cruz Zabala D. J., Cseh G., Czarski T., Da Ros A., Dal Molin A., Dalla Rosa M., Damizia Y., D'Arcangelo O., David P., De Angeli M., De la Cal E., De La Luna E., De Tommasi G., Decker J., Dejarnac R., Del Sarto D., Derks G., Desgranges C., Devynck P., Di Genova S., di Grazia L. E., Di Siena A., Dicorato M., Diez M., Dimitrova M., Dittmar T., Dittrich L., Palacios Duran J. J. D., Donnel P., Douai D., Dowson S., Doyle S., Dreval M., Drews P., Dubus L., Dumont R., Dunai D., Dunne M., Durif A., Durodie F., Durr Legoupil Nicoud G., Duval B., Dux R., Eich T., Ekedahl A., Elmore S., Ericsson G., Eriksson J., Eriksson B., Eriksson F., Ertmer S., Escarguel A., Esposito B., Estrada T., Fable E., Faitsch M., Fakhrayi Mofrad N., Fanni A., Farley T., Farnik M., Fedorczak N., Felici F., Feng X., Ferreira J., Ferreira D., Ferron N., Fevrier O., Ficker O., Field A. R., Figueiredo A., Fil N., Fiorucci D., Firdaouss M., Fischer R., Fitzgerald M., Flebbe M., Fontana M., Climent J. F., Frank A., Fransson E., Frassinetti L., Frigione D., Futatani S., Futtersack R., Gabriellini S., Gadariya D., Galassi D., Galazka K., Galdon J., Galeani S., Gallart D., Gallo A., Galperti C., Gambrioli M., Garavaglia S., Garcia J., Munoz M. G., Gardarein J., Garzotti L., Gaspar J., Gatto R., Gaudio P., Gelfusa M., Gerardin J., Gerasimov S. N., Miguelanez R. G., Gervasini G., Ghani Z., Ghezzi F. M., Ghillardi G., Giannone L., Gibson S., Gil L., Gillgren A., Giovannozzi E., Giroud C., Giruzzi G., Gleiter T., Gobbin M., Goloborodko V., Ganzabal A. G., Goodman T., Gopakumar V., Gorini G., Gorler T., Gorno S., Granucci G., Greenhouse D., Grenfell G., Griener M., Gromelski W., Groth M., Grover O., Gruca M., Gude A., Guillemaut C., Guirlet R., Gunn J., Gyergyek T., Hagg L., Hall J., Ham C. J., Hamed M., Happel T., Harrer G., Harrison J., Harting D., Hawkes N. C., Heinrich P., Henderson S., Hennequin P., Henriques R., Heuraux S., Salaverri J. H., Hillairet J., Hillesheim J. C., Hjalmarsson A., Ho A., Hobirk J., Hodille E., Holzl M., Hoppe M., Horacek J., Horsten N., Horvath L., Houry M., Hromasova K., Huang J., Huang Z., Huber A., Huett E., Huynh P., Iantchenko A., Imrisek M., Innocente P., Schrittwieser C. I., Isliker H., Ivanova P., Stanik I. I., Jablczynska M., Jachmich S., Jacobsen A. S., Jacquet P., van Vuuren A. J., Jardin A., Jarleblad H., Jarvinen A., Jaulmes F., Jensen T., Jepu I., Jessica S., Johnson T., Juven A., Kalis J., Karhunen J., Karimov R., Karpushov A. N., Kasilov S., Kazakov Y., Kazantzidis P. V., Kernbichler W., Kim H. T., King D. B., Kiptily V. G., Kirjasuo A., Kirov K. K., Kirschner A., Kit A., Kiviniemi T., Kjaer F., Klinkby E., Knieps A., Knoche U., Kochan M., Kochl F., Kocsis G., Koenders J. T. W., Kogan L., Kolesnichenko Y., Kominis Y., Komm M., Kong M., Kool B., Korsholm S. B., Kos D., Koubiti M., Kovacic J., Kovtun Y., Strzeciwilk E. K., Koziol K., Kozulia M., Flecken A. K., Kreter A., Krieger K., Kruezi U., Krutkin O., Kudlacek O., Kumar U., Kumpulainen H., Kushoro M. H., Kwiatkowski R., La Matina M., Lacquaniti M., Laguardia L., Lainer P., Lang P., Larsen M., Laszynska E., Lawson K. D., Lazaros A., Lazzaro E., Lee M. Y. K., Leerink S., Lehnen M., Lennholm M., Lerche E., Liang Y., Lier A., Likonen J., Linder O., Lipschultz B., Listopad A., Litaudon X., Smith E. L., Liuzza D., Loarer T., Lomas P. J., Lombardo J., Lonigro N., Lorenzini R., Lowry C., di Cortemiglia T. L., Ludvig Osipov A., Lunt T., Lutsenko V., Macusova E., Maenpaa R., Maget P., Maggi C. F., Mailloux J., Makarov S., Malinowski K., Manas P., Mancini A., Mancini D., Mantica P., Mantsinen M., Manyer J., Maraschek M., Marceca G., Marcer G., Marchetto C., Marchioni S., Mariani A., Marin M., Markl M., Markovic T., Marocco D., Marsden S., Martellucci L., Martin P., Martin C., Martinelli F., Martinelli L., Solis J. R. M., Martone R., Maslov M., Masocco R., Mattei M., Matthews G. 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Abstract

Within the 9th European Framework programme, since 2021 EUROfusion is operating five tokamaks under the auspices of a single Task Force called ‘Tokamak Exploitation’. The goal is to benefit from the complementary capabilities of each machine in a coordinated way and help in developing a scientific output scalable to future largre machines. The programme of this Task Force ensures that ASDEX Upgrade, MAST-U, TCV, WEST and JET (since 2022) work together to achieve the objectives of Missions 1 and 2 of the EUROfusion Roadmap: i) demonstrate plasma scenarios that increase the success margin of ITER and satisfy the requirements of DEMO and, ii) demonstrate an integrated approach that can handle the large power leaving ITER and DEMO plasmas. The Tokamak Exploitation task force has therefore organized experiments on these two missions with the goal to strengthen the physics and operational basis for the ITER baseline scenario and for exploiting the recent plasma exhaust enhancements in all four devices (PEX: Plasma EXhaust) for exploring the solution for handling heat and particle exhaust in ITER and develop the conceptual solutions for DEMO. The ITER Baseline scenario has been developed in a similar way in ASDEX Upgrade, TCV and JET. Key risks for ITER such as disruptions and run-aways have been also investigated in TCV, ASDEX Upgrade and JET. Experiments have explored successfully different divertor configurations (standard, super-X, snowflakes) in MAST-U and TCV and studied tungsten melting in WEST and ASDEX Upgrade. The input from the smaller devices to JET has also been proven successful to set-up novel control schemes on disruption avoidance and detachment.

Published
2024

9. Overview of the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation programme in support of ITER and DEMO

Author

E. Joffrin, M. Wischmeier, M. Baruzzo, A. Hakola, A. Kappatou, D. Keeling, B. Labit, E. Tsitrone, N. Vianello, the ASDEX Upgrade Team, JET Contributors, the MAST-U Team, the TCV Team, the WEST Team, the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team:, D. Abate, J. Adamek, M. Agostini, C. Albert, F.C.P. Albert Devasagayam, S. Aleiferis, E. Alessi, J. Alhage, S. Allan, J. Allcock, M. Alonzo, G. Anastasiou, E. Andersson Sunden, C. Angioni, Y. Anquetin, L. Appel, G.M. Apruzzese, M. Ariola, C. Arnas, J.F. Artaud, W. Arter, O. Asztalos, L. Aucone, M.H. Aumeunier, F. Auriemma, J. Ayllon, E. Aymerich, A. Baciero, F. Bagnato, L. Bähner, F. Bairaktaris, P. Balázs, L. Balbinot, I. Balboa, M. Balden, A. Balestri, M. Baquero Ruiz, T. Barberis, C. Barcellona, O. Bardsley, S. Benkadda, T. Bensadon, E. Bernard, M. Bernert, H. Betar, R. Bianchetti Morales, J. Bielecki, R. Bilato, P. Bilkova, W. Bin, G. Birkenmeier, R. Bisson, P. Blanchard, A. Bleasdale, V. Bobkov, A. Boboc, A. Bock, K. Bogar, P. Bohm, T. Bolzonella, F. Bombarda, N. Bonanomi, L. Boncagni, D. Bonfiglio, R. Bonifetto, M. Bonotto, D. Borodin, I. Borodkina, T.O.S.J. Bosman, C. Bourdelle, C. Bowman, S. Brezinsek, D. Brida, F. Brochard, R. Brunet, D. Brunetti, V. Bruno, R. Buchholz, J. Buermans, H. Bufferand, P. Buratti, A. Burckhart, J. Cai, R. Calado, J. Caloud, S. Cancelli, F. Cani, B. Cannas, M. Cappelli, S. Carcangiu, A. Cardinali, S. Carli, D. Carnevale, M. Carole, M. Carpita, D. Carralero, F. Caruggi, I.S. Carvalho, I. Casiraghi, A. Casolari, F.J. Casson, C. Castaldo, A. Cathey, F. Causa, J. Cavalier, M. Cavedon, J. Cazabonne, M. Cecconello, L. Ceelen, A. Celora, J. Cerovsky, C.D. Challis, R. Chandra, A. Chankin, B. Chapman, H. Chen, M. Chernyshova, A.G. Chiariello, P. Chmielewski, A. Chomiczewska, C. Cianfarani, G. Ciraolo, J. Citrin, F. Clairet, S. Coda, R. Coelho, J.W. Coenen, I.H. Coffey, C. Colandrea, L. Colas, S. Conroy, C. Contre, N.J. Conway, L. Cordaro, Y. Corre, D. Costa, S. Costea, D. Coster, X. Courtois, C. Cowley, T. Craciunescu, G. Croci, A.M. Croitoru, K. Crombe, D.J. Cruz Zabala, G. Cseh, T. Czarski, A. Da Ros, A. Dal Molin, M. Dalla Rosa, Y. Damizia, O. D’Arcangelo, P. David, M. De Angeli, E. De la Cal, E. De La Luna, G. De Tommasi, J. Decker, R. Dejarnac, D. Del Sarto, G. Derks, C. Desgranges, P. Devynck, S. Di Genova, L.E. di Grazia, A. Di Siena, M. Dicorato, M. Diez, M. Dimitrova, T. Dittmar, L. Dittrich, J.J. Domínguez Palacios Durán, P. Donnel, D. Douai, S. Dowson, S. Doyle, M. Dreval, P. Drews, L. Dubus, R. Dumont, D. Dunai, M. Dunne, A. Durif, F. Durodie, G. Durr Legoupil Nicoud, B. Duval, R. Dux, T. Eich, A. Ekedahl, S. Elmore, G. Ericsson, J. Eriksson, B. Eriksson, F. Eriksson, S. Ertmer, A. Escarguel, B. Esposito, T. Estrada, E. Fable, M. Faitsch, N. Fakhrayi Mofrad, A. Fanni, T. Farley, M. Farník, N. Fedorczak, F. Felici, X. Feng, J. Ferreira, D. Ferreira, N. Ferron, O. Fevrier, O. Ficker, A.R. Field, A. Figueiredo, N. Fil, D. Fiorucci, M. Firdaouss, R. 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Paschalidis, M. Passoni, F. Pastore, A. Patel, B. Patel, A. Pau, G. Pautasso, R. Pavlichenko, E. Pawelec, B. Pegourie, G. Pelka, E. Peluso, A. Perek, E. Perelli Cippo, C. Perez Von Thun, P. Petersson, G. Petravich, Y. Peysson, V. Piergotti, L. Pigatto, C. Piron, L. Piron, A. Pironti, F. Pisano, U. Plank, B. Ploeckl, V. Plyusnin, A. Podolnik, Y. Poels, G. Pokol, J. Poley, G. Por, M. Poradzinski, F. Porcelli, L. Porte, C. Possieri, A. Poulsen, I. Predebon, G. Pucella, M. Pueschel, P. Puglia, O. Putignano, T. Pütterich, V. Quadri, A. Quercia, M. Rabinski, L. Radovanovic, R. Ragona, H. Raj, M. Rasinski, J. Rasmussen, G. Ratta, S. Ratynskaia, R. Rayaprolu, M. Rebai, A. Redl, D. Rees, D. Refy, M. Reich, H. Reimerdes, B.C.G. Reman, O. Renders, C. Reux, D. Ricci, M. Richou, S. Rienacker, D. Rigamonti, F. Rigollet, F.G. Rimini, D. Ripamonti, N. Rispoli, N. Rivals, J.F. Rivero Rodriguez, C. Roach, G. Rocchi, S. Rode, P. Rodrigues, J. Romazanov, C.F. Romero Madrid, J. Rosato, R. Rossi, G. Rubino, J. Rueda Rueda, J. Ruiz Ruiz, P. Ryan, D. Ryan, S. Saarelma, R. Sabot, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, L. Sanchis, A. Sand, J. Santos, K. Särkimäki, M. Sassano, O. Sauter, G. Schettini, S. Schmuck, P. Schneider, N. Schoonheere, R. Schramm, R. Schrittwieser, C. Schuster, N. Schwarz, F. Sciortino, M. Scotto D’Abusco, S. Scully, A. Selce, L. Senni, M. Senstius, G. Sergienko, S.E. Sharapov, R. Sharma, A. Shaw, U. Sheikh, G. Sias, B. Sieglin, S.A. Silburn, C. Silva, A. Silva, D. Silvagni, B. Simmendefeldt Schmidt, L. Simons, J. Simpson, L. Singh, S. Sipilä, Y. Siusko, S. Smith, A. Snicker, E.R. Solano, V. Solokha, M. Sos, C. Sozzi, F. Spineanu, G. Spizzo, M. Spolaore, L. Spolladore, C. Srinivasan, A. Stagni, Z. Stancar, G. Stankunas, J. Stober, P. Strand, C.I. Stuart, F. Subba, G.Y. Sun, H.J. Sun, W. Suttrop, J. Svoboda, T. Szepesi, G. Szepesi, B. Tal, T. Tala, P. Tamain, G. Tardini, M. Tardocchi, D. Taylor, G. Telesca, A. Tenaglia, A. Terra, D. Terranova, D. Testa, C. Theiler, E. Tholerus, B. Thomas, E. Thoren, A. Thornton, A. Thrysoe, Q. TICHIT, W. Tierens, A. Titarenko, P. Tolias, E. Tomasina, M. Tomes, E. Tonello, A. Tookey, M. Toscano Jiménez, C. Tsironis, C. Tsui, A. Tykhyy, M. Ugoletti, M. Usoltseva, D.F. Valcarcel, A. Valentini, M. Valisa, M. Vallar, M. Valovic, SI. Valvis, M. van Berkel, D. Van Eester, S. Van Mulders, M. van Rossem, R. Vann, B. Vanovac, J. Varela Rodriguez, J. Varje, S. Vartanian, M. Vecsei, L. Velarde Gallardo, M. Veranda, T. Verdier, G. Verdoolaege, K. Verhaegh, L. Vermare, G. Verona Rinati, J. Vicente, E. Viezzer, L. Vignitchouk, F. Villone, B. Vincent, P. Vincenzi, M.O. Vlad, G. Vogel, I. Voitsekhovitch, I. Voldiner, P. Vondracek, N.M.T. VU, T. Vuoriheimo, C. Wade, E. Wang, T. Wauters, M. Weiland, H. Weisen, N. Wendler, D. Weston, A. Widdowson, S. Wiesen, M. Wiesenberger, T. Wijkamp, M. Willensdorfer, T. Wilson, A. Wojenski, C. Wuethrich, I. Wyss, L. Xiang, S. Xu, D. Yadykin, Y. Yakovenko, H. Yang, V. Yanovskiy, R. Yi, B. Zaar, G. Zadvitskiy, L. Zakharov, P. Zanca, D. Zarzoso, Y. Zayachuk, J. Zebrowski, M. Zerbini, P. Zestanakis, C. F. B. Zimmermann, M. Zlobinski, A. Zohar, V.K. Zotta, X. Zou, M. Zuin, M. Zurita, and I. Zychor

Subjects
JET, ASDEX Upgrade, MAST-U, TCV, WEST, Tokamak Exploitation Task Force, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Within the 9th European Framework programme, since 2021 EUROfusion is operating five tokamaks under the auspices of a single Task Force called ‘Tokamak Exploitation’. The goal is to benefit from the complementary capabilities of each machine in a coordinated way and help in developing a scientific output scalable to future largre machines. The programme of this Task Force ensures that ASDEX Upgrade, MAST-U, TCV, WEST and JET (since 2022) work together to achieve the objectives of Missions 1 and 2 of the EUROfusion Roadmap: i) demonstrate plasma scenarios that increase the success margin of ITER and satisfy the requirements of DEMO and, ii) demonstrate an integrated approach that can handle the large power leaving ITER and DEMO plasmas. The Tokamak Exploitation task force has therefore organized experiments on these two missions with the goal to strengthen the physics and operational basis for the ITER baseline scenario and for exploiting the recent plasma exhaust enhancements in all four devices (PEX: Plasma EXhaust) for exploring the solution for handling heat and particle exhaust in ITER and develop the conceptual solutions for DEMO. The ITER Baseline scenario has been developed in a similar way in ASDEX Upgrade, TCV and JET. Key risks for ITER such as disruptions and run-aways have been also investigated in TCV, ASDEX Upgrade and JET. Experiments have explored successfully different divertor configurations (standard, super-X, snowflakes) in MAST-U and TCV and studied tungsten melting in WEST and ASDEX Upgrade. The input from the smaller devices to JET has also been proven successful to set-up novel control schemes on disruption avoidance and detachment.

Published
2024
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10. WEST full tungsten operation with an ITER grade divertor

Author

J. Bucalossi, A. Ekedahl, and the WEST Team, J. Achard, K. Afonin, O. Agullo, T. Alarcon, L. Allegretti, F. Almuhisen, H. Ancher, G. Antar, Y. Anquetin, S. Antusch, V. Anzallo, C. Arnas, J.F. Artaud, M.H. Aumeunier, S.G. Baek, X.Y. Bai, M. Balden, C. Balorin, T. Barbui, A. Barbuti, J. Barlerin, J. Barra, V. Basiuk, T. Batal, O. Baulaigue, A. Bec, M. Becoulet, E. Benoit, E. Bernard, J.M. Bernard, M. Bernert, N. Bertelli, E. Bertrand, P. Beyer, J. Bielecki, P. Bienvenu, R. Bisson, B. Bliewert, G. Bodner, S. Bose, C. Bottereau, C. Bouchand, Y. Boumendjel, F. Bouquey, C. Bourdelle, J. Bourg, S. Brezinsek, F. Brochard, C. Brun, V. Bruno, H. Bufferand, A. Bureau, S. Burles, Y. Camenen, B. Cantone, E. Caprin, M. Carole, S. Carpentier-Chouchana, G. Caulier, F. Causa, N. Cazanave, N. Chanet, O. Chellai, Y. Chen, M. Chernyshova, P. Chmielewski, W. Choe, A. Chomiczewska, G. Ciraolo, F. Clairet, J. Coenen, L. Colas, G. Colledani, J. Colnel, P. Coquillat, E. Corbel, Y. Corre, X. Courtois, T. Czarski, A. Da Ros, R. Daniel, J. Daumas, M. De Combarieu, P. De Vries, C. Dechelle, F. Deguara, R. Dejarnac, J.M. Delaplanche, L.F. Delgado-Aparicio, E. Delmas, L. Delpech, C. Desgranges, P. Devynck, J. Denis, S. Di Genova, R. Diab, A. Diallo, M. Diez, G. Dif-Pradalier, M. Dimitrova, R. Ding, T. Dittmar, L. Doceul, M. Domenes, D. Donovan, D. Douai, L. Dubus, N. Dumas, R. Dumont, F. Durand, A. Durif, F. Durodié, D. Elbeze, S. Ertmer, A. Escarguel, F. Escourbiac, B. Esposito, K. Ezato, F. Faisse, J.L. Farjon, N. Faure, N. Fedorczak, P. Fejoz, F. Felici, C. Fenzi-Bonizec, F. Ferlay, L. Ferrand, L. Fevre, M. Firdaouss, L. Fleury, D. Flouquet, T. Fonghetti, A. Gallo, X. Garbet, J. Garcia, J.L. Gardarein, L. Gargiulo, P. Garibaldi, S. Garitta, J. Gaspar, E. Gauthier, S. Gazzotti, F. Gely, J. Gerardin, G. Gervasini, E. Geulin, M. Geynet, P. Ghendrih, I. Giacalone, C. Gil, S. Ginoux, S. Girard, E. Giroux, G. Giruzzi, M. Goniche, V. Gorse, T. Gray, E. Grelier, C. Grisolia, A. Grosjean, A. Grosman, O. Grover, D. Guibert, D. Guilhem, C. Guillemaut, B. Guillermin, R. Guirlet, J.P. Gunn, Y. Gunsu, T. Gyergyek, S. Hacquin, A. Hakola, J. Harris, J.C. Hatchressian, W. Helou, P. Hennequin, C. Hernandez, L. Hijazi, J. Hillairet, T. Hirai, G.T. Hoang, C. Honoré, M. Houry, A. Huart, G. Huijsmans, P. Huynh, M. Iafrati, F. Imbeaux, N. Imbert, I. Ivanova-Stanik, P. Ivanova, R. Jalageas, A. Jamann, C. Jammes, A. Jardin, L. Jaubert, G. Jiolat, E. Joffrin, C. Johnson, A. Jonas, A. Kirschner, C.C. Klepper, M. Komm, M. Koubiti, S. Kosslow, J. Kovacic, M. Kozeiha, K. Krieger, K. Krol, I. Kudashev, B. Lacroix, L. Laguardia, V. Lamaison, V. Lapleigne, H. Laqua, C. Lau, Y. Lausenaz, R. Lé, M. Le Bohec, N. Lefevre, N. Lemoine, E. Lerche, Y. Lesourd, L. Letellier, M. Lewerentz, Y. Li, A. Liang, P. Linczuk, C. Linsmeier, M. Lipa, X. Litaudon, X. Liu, J. Llorens, T. Loarer, A. Loarte, T. Loewenhoff, G. Lombard, J. Lore, P. Lorenzetto, B. Lu, A. Lumsdaine, R. Lunsford, T. Lunt, G. Luo, P. Magaud, P. Maget, J.F. Mahieu, P. Maini, P. Malard, K. Malinowski, P. Manas, L. Manenc, V. Maquet, Y. Marandet, C. Martin, E.J. Martin, P. Martino, M. Mayer, D. Mazon, S. Mazzi, P. Messina, L. Meunier, D. Midou, G. Miglionico, Y. Mineo, M. Missirlian, R. Mitteau, B. Mitu, D. Moiraf, P. Mollard, G. Momparler, V. Moncada, T. Mondiere, C. Monti, J. Morales, M. Moreau, Ph. Moreau, Y. Moudden, G. Moureau, D. Mouyon, M. Muraglia, T. Nakano, E. Nardon, A. Neff, F. Nespoli, J. Nichols, L. Nicolas, S. Nicollet, R. Nouailletas, M. Ono, V. Ostuni, O. Paillat, C. Parish, H. Park, H. Parrat, J.Y. Pascal, B. Pegourie, F.P. Pellissier, Y. Peneliau, M. Peret, E. Pignoly, G. Pintsuk, R. Pitts, C. Pocheau, A. Podolnik, C. Portafaix, M. Poulos, P. Prochet, A. Puig Sitjes, R. Ragona, M. Rasinski, S. Ratynskaia, G. Raup, X. Regal-Mezin, C. Reux, J. Rice, M. Richou, F. Rigollet, N. Rivals, H. Roche, S. Rodrigues, J. Romazanov, G. Ronchi, C. Ruset, R. Sabot, A. Saille, R. Sakamoto, B. Salamon, F. Samaille, A. Santagiustina, B. Santraine, Y. Sarazin, O. Sauter, Y. Savoie-Peysson, L. Schiesko, M. Scholz, J.L. Schwob, E. Serre, H. Shin, S. Shiraiwa, Ja. Signoret, O. Skalli-Fettachi, P. Sogorb, Y. Song, A. Spring, P. Spuig, S. Sridhar, B. Stratton, C. Talatizi, P. Tamain, R. Tatali, Q. Tichit, A. Torre, L. Toulouse, W. Treutterer, E. Tsitrone, E.A. Unterberg, G. Urbanczyk, G. Van Rooij, N. Varadarajan, S. Vartanian, E. Velly, J.M. Verger, L. Vermare, D. Vezinet, N. Vignal, B. Vincent, S. Vives, D. Volpe, G. Wallace, E. Wang, L. Wang, Y. Wang, Y.S. Wang, T. Wauters, D. Weldon, B. Wirth, M. Wirtz, A. Wojenski, M. Xu, Q.X. Yang, H. Yang, B. Zago, R. Zagorski, B. Zhang, X.J. Zhang, X.L. Zou, and the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team

Subjects
nuclear fusion, magnetic confinement, tokamak, divertor, WEST, ITER, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

The mission of WEST (tungsten-W Environment in Steady-state Tokamak) is to explore long pulse operation in a full tungsten (W) environment for preparing next-step fusion devices (ITER and DEMO) with a focus on testing the ITER actively cooled W divertor in tokamak conditions. Following the successful completion of phase 1 (2016-2021), phase 2 started in December 2022 with the lower divertor made entirely of actively cooled ITER-grade tungsten mono-blocks. A boronization prior the first plasma attempt allowed for a smooth startup with the new divertor. Despite the reduced operating window due to tungsten, rapid progress has been made in long pulse operation, resulting in discharges with a pulse length of 100 s and an injected energy of around 300 MJ per discharge. Plasma startup studies were carried out with equatorial boron nitride limiters to compare them with tungsten limiters, while Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating assisted startup was attempted. High fluence operation in attached regime, which was the main thrust of the first campaigns, already showed the progressive build up of deposits and appearance of dust, impacting the plasma operation as the plasma fluence increased. In total, the cumulated injected energy during the first campaigns reached 43 GJ and the cumulated plasma time exceeded 5 h. Demonstration of controlled X-Point Radiator regime is also reported, opening a promising route for investigating plasma exhaust and plasma-wall interaction issues in more detached regime. This paper summarises the lessons learned from the manufacturing and the first operation of the ITER-grade divertor, describing the progress achieved in optimising operation in a full W environment with a focus on long pulse operation and plasma wall interaction.

Published
2024
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11. Holocene vegetation and climate evolution of Corpus Christi and Trinity bays: Implications on coastal Texas source-to-sink deposition

Author

Ferguson, Shannon, Warny, Sophie, Anderson, John B, Simms, Alexander R, and Escarguel, Gilles

Subjects
Climate Action, Holocene, Coastal Texas, Pollen, Vegetation, Arboreal, Gulf of Mexico, Geology, Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, Paleontology
Abstract

The Texas coastline stretches 595 km across almost 4° of latitude and is home to diverse coastal vegetation assemblages, yet only a handful of studies have documented the climate and vegetative change of this region through the Holocene. We provide a detailed palynological record of Holocene climate for coastal Texas, based upon three subaqueous sediment cores from Corpus Christi Bay and Trinity Bay. Cluster analysis and correspondence analysis were used to investigate changes in palynological assemblages through time within each core. Common to both bays are nonarboreal taxa including Asteraceae (mainly Ambrosia and Helianthus), Chenopodium, Poaceae, and arboreal taxa such as Carya, Pinus, and Quercus. Our record shows that the coastal environments of central Texas began a transition from herbaceous (nonarboreal) dominated vegetation to arboreal vegetation as early as 8.4 ka within Corpus Christi Bay, and 3.8 ka within Trinity Bay. We note flooding events at 8.2, 5.4, and 3.6 ka in Corpus Christi Bay, and at 1.7, 1.2, and 0.8 ka in Trinity Bay. These events were caused by storms, sea level changes including flooding of relict river terraces, and changes in sediment delivery to the bays. The pollen record also shows evidence for changes in fluvial discharge to Corpus Christi Bay at 4.1 and 2.2 ka, and at 1.8 ka in Trinity Bay. We also see Zea mays in Trinity Bay, indicating local Native American agriculture. We observe no significant changes during the middle Holocene Climatic Optimum, and subtle but not statistically significant evidence of more variable climate oscillations than other records from more interior sites in Texas available for the late Holocene. This indicates that coastal Texas’ climate has operated semi-independently from central Texas regions, and was primarily driven by a coast-wise gradient of precipitation and evapotranspiration.

Published
2018

14. Upgrade of the pedagogic and popular science tool for holography to a colour version

Author

Escarguel, A

Subjects
Physics - Physics Education
Abstract

In 2012, a pedagogic tool for monochromatic holography was realized for pedagogic and popular science purposes [Th. Voslion and A. Escarguel, Eur. J. Phys 33, 1803 (2012)]. Following its success, we decided to upgrade it to make larger colour holograms and new pedagogic experiments. The resulting kit includes all the necessary equipment to produce 4 "x 5" colour holograms with a simple optical assembly and with an excellent vibration tolerance. The resulting holograms, in colour and bigger, are much more spectacular for science outreach purposes. For teaching purposes, some of the existing experiments have been upgraded, and new ones have been developed for university students and continuing education of teachers: colour reflection Denisyuk holograms, single shot transmission/reflection holograms, angular and wavelength multiplexing, holographic diffraction gratings with improved setup.

Published
2016

15. Exceptional fossil assemblages confirm the existence of complex Early Triassic ecosystems during the early Spathian

Author

Christopher P. A. Smith, Thomas Laville, Emmanuel Fara, Gilles Escarguel, Nicolas Olivier, Emmanuelle Vennin, Nicolas Goudemand, Kevin G. Bylund, James F. Jenks, Daniel A. Stephen, Michael Hautmann, Sylvain Charbonnier, L. J. Krumenacker, and Arnaud Brayard

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract The mass extinction characterizing the Permian/Triassic boundary (PTB; ~ 252 Ma) corresponds to a major faunal shift between the Palaeozoic and the Modern evolutionary fauna. The temporal, spatial, environmental, and ecological dynamics of the associated biotic recovery remain highly debated, partly due to the scarce, or poorly-known, Early Triassic fossil record. Recently, an exceptionally complex ecosystem dated from immediately after the Smithian/Spathian boundary (~ 3 myr after the PTB) was reported: the Paris Biota (Idaho, USA). However, the spatiotemporal representativeness of this unique assemblage remained questionable as it was hitherto only reported from a single site. Here we describe three new exceptionally diverse assemblages of the same age as the Paris Biota, and a fourth younger one. They are located in Idaho and Nevada, and are taxonomic subsets of the Paris Biota. We show that the latter covered a region-wide area and persisted at least partially throughout the Spathian. The presence of a well-established marine fauna such as the Paris Biota, as soon as the early Spathian, indicates that the post-PTB biotic recovery and the installation of complex ecosystems probably took place earlier than often assumed, at least at a regional scale.

Published
2021
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16. Beyond Eocene and Oligocene Epochs: The Causses du Quercy Geopark and the Grande Coupure

Author

Thierry Pélissié, Maëva Orliac, Pierre Olivier Antoine, Vincent Biot, and Gilles Escarguel

Subjects
palaeogene, eocene–oligocenetransition, palaeokarst, phosphatières, konzentrat-lagerstätte, climatechange, heritage, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

The "phosphatières du Quercy" are karstic fillings exploited for phosphate at the end of the 19th century. They yield countless continental fossils through some 30 million years, ranging from late early Eocene to early Miocene. This exceptional paleontological series documents the ‘Grande Coupure’, a major biogeographical event involving a profound renewal of vertebrate faunas, recorded in Eurasia during the Eocene–Oligocene transition. This exceptional fossil record is key to understanding the impact of biotic and abiotic factors during this turbulent time of global change. The presence of natural mummies and the 3D preservation of numerous vertebrate skulls, as well as remains of arthropods and plants, are all attractive means to raise public awareness and promote an internationally unique geoheritage.

Published
2021
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27. The global genetic diversity of planktonic foraminifera reveals the structure of cryptic speciation in plankton

Author

Morard, Raphaël, primary, Darling, Kate F., additional, Weiner, Agnes K. M., additional, Hassenrück, Christiane, additional, Vanni, Chiara, additional, Cordier, Tristan, additional, Henry, Nicolas, additional, Greco, Mattia, additional, Vollmar, Nele M., additional, Milivojevic, Tamara, additional, Rahman, Shirin Nurshan, additional, Siccha, Michael, additional, Meilland, Julie, additional, Jonkers, Lukas, additional, Quillévéré, Frédéric, additional, Escarguel, Gilles, additional, Douady, Christophe J., additional, de Garidel‐Thoron, Thibault, additional, de Vargas, Colomban, additional, and Kucera, Michal, additional

Published
2024
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28. Therapeutic bronchoscopy for malignant central airway obstructions caused by non‐bronchogenic cancers: Results from the EpiGETIF registry.

Author

Daigmorte, Clément, Usturoi, Daniela, Fournier, Clément, Wallyn, Frederic, Lorut, Christine, Héluain, Valentin, Mazières, Julien, Legodec, Julien, Escarguel, Bruno, Egenod, Thomas, Cellerin, Laurent, Favrolt, Nicolas, Lachkar, Samy, Crutu, Adrian, Briault, Amandine, Gut‐Gobert, Christophe, Bourinet, Valerian, Camuset, Juliette, Loïc, Perrot, and Schlossmacher, Pascal

Subjects
RESPIRATORY obstructions, BRONCHOSCOPY, ETIOLOGY of cancer, PROGNOSIS, SURVIVAL rate, CANCER treatment, HEAD & neck cancer, THYROID cancer
Abstract

Background and Objective: Little is known about malignant central airway obstruction (MCAO) complicating the metastatic spread of non‐bronchogenic solid cancers (NBC) and their bronchoscopic management. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of this population and determine prognostic factors before therapeutic bronchoscopy (TB). Methods: In this multicenter study using the EpiGETIF registry, we analysed patients treated with TB for MCAO caused by NBC between January 2019 and December 2022. Results: From a database of 2389 patients, 436 patients (18%) with MCAO and NBC were identified. After excluding patients with direct local invasion, 214 patients (8.9%) were analysed. The main primaries involved were kidney (17.8%), colon (16.4%), sarcoma (15.4%), thyroid (8.9%) and head and neck (7.9%) cancers. Most patients (63.8%) had already received one or more lines of systemic treatment. Obstructions were purely intrinsic in 58.2%, extrinsic in 11.1% and mixed in 30.8%. Mechanical debulking was used in 73.4% of cases, combined with thermal techniques in 25.6% of cases. Airway stenting was required in 38.4% of patients. Median survival after TB was 11.2 months, influenced by histology (p = 0.002), performance status (p = 0.019), initial hypoxia (HR 1.45 [1.01–2.18]), prior oncologic treatment received (HR 1.82 [1.28–2.56], p < 0.001) and assessment of success at the end of the procedure (HR 0.66 [0.44–0.99], p < 0.001). Complications rate was 8.8%, mostly mild, with no procedure‐related mortality. Conclusion: TB for MCAO caused by a NBC metastasis provides rapid improvement of symptoms and prolonged survival. Patients should be promptly referred by medical oncologists for bronchoscopic management based on the prognostic factors identified. Therapeutic bronchoscopy for central airway obstructions caused by non‐bronchogenic cancers provides rapid improvement of symptoms. Median survival after TB (11.2 months) is influenced by histology, performance status, initial hypoxia, prior oncologic treatment received and immediate success of the procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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29. Therapeutic bronchoscopy for malignant central airway obstruction: Introduction to the EpiGETIF registry.

Author

Guibert, Nicolas, Roy, Pascalin, Amari, Lyria, Legodec, Julien, Escarguel, Bruno, Fournier, Clément, Wallyn, Frederic, Cellerin, Laurent, Lorut, Christine, Usturoi, Daniela, Egenod, Thomas, Favrolt, Nicolas, Schlossmacher, Pascal, Bourinet, Valerian, Loïc, Perrot, Lachkar, Samy, Camuset, Juliette, Briault, Amandine, Kessler, Romain, and Gut‐Gobert, Christophe

Subjects
RESPIRATORY obstructions, BRONCHOSCOPY, CANCER treatment, TUBERCULOSIS, ARTIFICIAL respiration
Abstract

Background and Objective: EpiGETIF is a web‐based, multicentre clinical database created in 2019 aiming for prospective collection of data regarding therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy (TB) for malignant central airway obstruction (MCAO). Methods: Patients were enrolled into the registry from January 2019 to November 2022. Data were prospectively entered through a web‐interface, using standardized definitions for each item. The objective of this first extraction of data was to describe the population and the techniques used among the included centres to target, facilitate and encourage further studies in TB. Results: Overall, 2118 patients from 36 centres were included. Patients were on average 63.7 years old, mostly male and smokers. Most patients had a WHO score ≤2 (70.2%) and 39.6% required preoperative oxygen support, including mechanical ventilation in 6.7%. 62.4% had an already known histologic diagnosis but only 46.3% had received any oncologic treatment. Most tumours were bronchogenic (60.6%), causing mainly intrinsic or mixed obstruction (43.3% and 41.5%, respectively). Mechanical debulking was the most frequent technique (67.3%), while laser (9.8%) and cryo‐recanalization (2.7%) use depended on local expertise. Stenting was required in 54.7%, silicone being the main type of stent used (55.3%). 96.3% of procedure results were considered at least partially successful, resulting in a mean 4.1 points decrease on the Borg scale of dyspnoea. Complications were noted in 10.9%. Conclusion: This study exposes a high volume of TB that could represent a good source of future studies given the dismal amount of data about the effects of TB in certain populations and situations. The EpiGETIF registry has so far prospectively collected data from 2118 patients treated with therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy (TB) for malignant central airway obstruction (MCAO). This first report gives a picture of this population's epidemiological characteristics', anatomical presentations of MCAOs, techniques used during TB and main outcomes. See relatededitorial [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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31. The colonization of the oceans by calcifying pelagic algae

Author

B. Suchéras-Marx, E. Mattioli, P. Allemand, F. Giraud, B. Pittet, J. Plancq, and G. Escarguel

Subjects
Ecology, QH540-549.5, Life, QH501-531, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

The rise of calcareous nannoplankton in Mesozoic oceans has deeply impacted ocean chemistry and contributed to shaping modern oceans. Nevertheless, the calcareous nannoplankton colonization of past marine environments remains poorly understood. Based on an extensive compilation of published and unpublished data, we show that their accumulation rates in sediments increased from the Early Jurassic (∼200 Ma) to the Early Cretaceous (∼120 Ma), although these algae diversified up to the end of the Mesozoic (66 Ma). After the middle Eocene (∼45 Ma), a decoupling occurred between accumulation rates, diversity and coccolith size. The time series analyzed points toward a three-phase evolutionary dynamic. An invasion phase of the open-ocean realms was followed by a specialization phase occurring along with taxonomic diversification, ended by an establishment phase where a few small-sized species dominated. The current hegemony of calcareous nannoplankton in the world ocean results from a long-term and complex evolutionary history shaped by ecological interactions and abiotic forcing.

Published
2019
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33. Experimental study of the recombination of a drifting low temperature plasma in the divertor simulator Mistral-B

Author

Brault, Cedric, Escarguel, Alexandre, Koubiti, Mohamed, Stamm, Roland, Pierre, Thiery, Quotb, Kamal, and Guyomarc'H, Didier

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

In a new divertor simulator, an ultra-cold (Te<1 eV) high density recombining magnetized laboratory plasma is studied using probes, spectroscopic measurements, and ultra-fast imaging of spontaneous emission. The Mistral-B device consists in a linear high density magnetized plasma column. The ionizing electrons originate from a large cathode array located in the fringing field of the solenoid. The ionizing electrons are focused in a 3 cm diameter hole at the entrance of the solenoid. The typical plasma density on the axis is close to 2.10^18 m-3. The collector is segmented into two plates and a transverse electric field is applied through a potential difference between the plates. The Lorentz force induces the ejection of a very-low temperature plasma jet in the limiter shadow. The characteristic convection time and decay lengths have been obtained with an ultra-fast camera. The study of the atomic physics of the recombining plasma allows to understand the measured decay time and to explain the emission spectra., Comment: 12th International Congress on Plasma Physics, 25-29 October 2004, Nice (France)

Published
2004

37. An Early Triassic gladius associated with soft tissue remains from Idaho, USA—a squid-like coleoid cephalopod at the onset of Mesozoic Era

Author

Larisa A. Doguzhaeva, Arnaud Brayard, Nicolas Goudemand, Laurel J. Krumenacker, James F. Jenks, Kevin G. Bylund, Emmanuel Fara, Nicolas Olivier, Emmanuelle Vennin, and Gilles Escarguel

Subjects
Cephalopoda, Coleoidea, phylogeny, gladius, soft tissue preservation, Triassic, USA, Idaho, Fossil man. Human paleontology, GN282-286.7, Paleontology, QE701-760
Abstract

We describe an Olenekian (Early Triassic) “fossil squid” belonging to the oldest complex Mesozoic marine biota collected in the Lower Shale unit of the Lower Triassic Thaynes Group in Idaho, USA. The studied specimen shows a tapered structure embedded in a cylindrical soft body. Morphological, ultrastructural and geochemical features of the specimen suggest that it corresponds to an internally-shelled cephalopod exhibiting a tapered micro-laminated gladius with rachis, narrow median and lateral fields and a large conus; a pair of posterior large fin-supported cartilages and fins; ventral and dorsal mantle band-shape structures, the dorsal one being cartilaginous; mantle patches; a stomach containing undigested arm-hooks and sheet-like pieces of potential flooded ink. Coupled SEM/EDS analyses show that (i) arm-hooks and ink were pseudomorphed by nanoparticles (less than 0.6 mm in diameter) of carbon, (ii) gladius and soft tissues were substituted by granules of calcium phosphate, (iii) cartilage canalicula’s were partially filled with calcium phosphate grains and crystals of Zn- and S-containing minerals. The specimen was hence probably fossilized due to metabolism of P- and C-accumulating bacteria. Based on this specimen, Idahoteuthis parisiana Doguzhaeva and Brayard gen. et sp. nov. and Idahoteuthidae Doguzhaeva and Brayard fam. nov. are erected. This family is characterized by an elongated, cylindrical, dorsally cartilaginous muscular mantle; well-developed, about 0.2 mantle length, rounded anteriorly and acute posteriorly, fin-supported cartilages and similarly shaped two fins at conical mantle termination, and thin slender gladius with narrow median and lateral fields, rachis and breviconic conus. This family assumedly falls in Myopsida (Decabrachia). A streamlined body, large fin-supported cartilages and eroded arm-hooks in the stomach of Idahoteuthis Doguzhaeva and Brayard gen. nov. suggest that this was a maneuverable cannibal predator that dwelled in the subequatorial shallow sea of the west coast of Pangaea.

Published
2018
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38. Measurements and controls implementation for WEST

Author

Moreau, P., Bucalossi, J., Missirlian, M., Samaille, F., Courtois, X., Gil, C., Lotte, P., Meyer, O., Nardon, E., Nouailletas, R., Ravenel, N., Travere, J.M., Alarcon, T., Antusch, S., Aumeunier, M.H., Barjat, P., Belsare, S., Bernard, J.M., Bhandarkar, M., Bottereau, C., Bourdelle, C., Brémond, S., Camenen, Y., Chaudhari, V., Chavda, C., Chernyshova, M., Clairet, F., Colnel, J., Czarski, T., Choi, M., Colledani, G., Corre, Y., Daniel, R., Davis, D., Dejarnac, R., Devynck, P., Dhongde, J., Douai, D., Elbeze, D., Escarguel, A., Fenzi, C., Figacz, W., Guangwu, Z., Giacalone, J.C., Guirlet, R., Gunn, J., Hacquin, S., Hao, X., Harris, J.H., Hoang, G.T., Houry, M., Imbeaux, F., Jablonski, S., Jardin, A., Joshi, H., Kasprowicz, G., Klepper, C.C., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E., Kubkowska, M., Kumar, A., Kumar, V., Kumari, P., Laqua, H., Le-Luyer, A., Lee, W., Lewerentz, M., Lyu, B., Malard, P., Manenc, L., Mansuri, I., Marandet, Y., Masand, H., Mazon, D., Molina, D., Moureau, G., Nam, Y., Park, H., Pascal, J.Y., Patel, K., Patel, M., Pozniak, K., Radloff, D., Ranjan, S., Rapson, C., Raupp, G., Rieth, M., Sabot, R., Santraine, B., Sestac, D., Sharma, M., Shen, J., Signoret, J., Soni, J., Spring, A., Spuig, P., Sugandhi, R., Treuterrer, W., Tsitrone, E., Varshney, S., Vartanian, S., Volpe, D., Wang, F.D., Werner, A., Yun, G., Zabolotny, W., and Zhao, W.

Published
2017
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46. Centrifugal instability in a weakly magnetized rotating plasma column

Author

Surabhi, Aggarwal, Yann, Camenen, Alexandre, Escarguel, Alexandre, Poye, Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and European Project: 101052200,Implementation of activities described in the Roadmap to Fusion during Horizon Europe through a joint programme of the members of the EUROfusion consortium,EUROfusion

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics]
Abstract

International audience; A two-fluid model is developed to study the stability of weakly magnetized rotating plasma columns. Previous works have shown that rotating plasma columns are prone to centrifugal flute modes. Most of these models are based on the low-frequency assumption (LFA) which is valid when the instability frequency and the plasma azimuthal frequency are small compared to the ion cyclotron frequency. This assumption is challenged in many laboratory plasma devices, including weakly magnetized plasma columns. A radially global dispersion relation relaxing the low-frequency approximation and applicable in these devices is derived. The validity domain of the low-frequency approximation is discussed. In addition, the impact of the radial boundary on the linear stability is investigated and comparison with results obtained in the radially local approximation are performed.

Published
2023

47. Biogeography of Triassic Ammonoids

Author

Brayard, Arnaud, Escarguel, Gilles, Monnet, Claude, Jenks, James F, Bucher, Hugo, Klug, Christian, editor, Korn, Dieter, editor, De Baets, Kenneth, editor, Kruta, Isabelle, editor, and Mapes, Royal H., editor

Published
2015
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48. The Paris Biota decapod (Arthropoda) fauna and the diversity of Triassic decapods

Author

Christopher P. A. Smith, Sylvain Charbonnier, James F. Jenks, Kevin G. Bylund, Gilles Escarguel, Nicolas Olivier, Emmanuel Fara, Arnaud Brayard, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris (CR2P), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)

Subjects
Paleontology, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology
Abstract

We describe here the early Spathian (Early Triassic) Paris Biota decapod fauna from the western USA basin. This fauna contains two taxa of Aegeridae (Dendobranchiata), namely Anisaeger longirostrus n. sp. and Aeger sp. that are the oldest known representatives of their family, thus extending its temporal range by 5 Myr back into the Early Triassic. This fauna also includes two representatives of Glypheida (Pleocyemata) with Litogaster turnbullensis and Pemphix krumenackeri n. sp., confirming for the former and extending for the latter the temporal ranges of their respective superfamilies back to the Early Triassic. Overall, the Paris Biota decapods are some of the oldest known representatives of Decapoda, filling in an important gap in the evolutionary history of this group, especially during the Triassic that marks the early diversification of this clade. Additionally, we compile and provide overviews for all known Triassic decapods, which leads to the revision of four species of Middle and Late Triassic Aegeridae, and to a revised family assignment of a Middle Triassic Glypheida. Based on this refined dataset, we also investigate decapod diversity throughout the Triassic. We show that the apparent increase in decapod taxonomic richness is probably driven by the heterogeneity of the fossil record and/or sampling effort, and that the decapod alpha diversity is actually relatively high as soon as the Early Triassic and remains rather stable throughout the Triassic.UUID: http://zoobank.org/0f435f27-1767-473d-955c-57fe869faa0f

Published
2022
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