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2. The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010–19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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Tran, Khanh Bao, Lang, Justin J, Compton, Kelly, Xu, Rixing, Acheson, Alistair R, Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline, Kocarnik, Jonathan M, Penberthy, Louise, Aali, Amirali, Abbas, Qamar, Abbasi, Behzad, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abdelmasseh, Michael, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abdelwahab, Ahmed Abdelwahab, Abdoli, Gholamreza, Abdulkadir, Hanan Abdulkadir, Abedi, Aidin, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abidi, Hassan, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Absalan, Abdorrahim, Abtew, Yonas Derso, Abubaker Ali, Hiwa, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Achappa, Basavaprabhu, Acuna, Juan Manuel, Addison, Daniel, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Adegboye, Oyelola A, Adesina, Miracle Ayomikun, Adnan, Mohammad, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Advani, Shailesh M, Afrin, Sumia, Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Aggarwal, Manik, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Araz Ramazan, Ahmad, Rizwan, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmad, Sohail, Ahmadi, Sepideh, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed, Luai A, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed Rashid, Tarik, Aiman, Wajeeha, Ajami, Marjan, Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse, Akbarzadeh-Khiavi, Mostafa, Aklilu, Addis, Akonde, Maxwell, Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Alahdab, Fares, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M, Alessy, Saleh Ali, Algammal, Abdelazeem M, Al-Hanawi, Mohammed Khaled, Alhassan, Robert Kaba, Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir, Ali, Liaqat, Ali, Syed Shujait, Alimohamadi, Yousef, Alipour, Vahid, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkhayyat, Motasem, Al-Maweri, Sadeq Ali Ali, Almustanyir, Sami, Alonso, Nivaldo, Alqalyoobi, Shehabaldin, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M, Al-Rifai, Rami H Hani, Al-Sabah, Salman Khalifah, Al-Tammemi, Ala'a B, Altawalah, Haya, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Firehiwot, Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Aminian Dehkordi, Javad Javad, Amirzade-Iranaq, Mohammad Hosein, Amu, Hubert, Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi, Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderson, Jason A, Animut, Yaregal Animut, Anoushiravani, Amir, Anoushirvani, Ali Arash, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antony, Benny, Antwi, Maxwell Hubert, Anwar, Sumadi Lukman, Anwer, Razique, Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-Zozani, Morteza, Aremu, Olatunde, Argaw, Ayele Mamo, Ariffin, Hany, Aripov, Timur, Arshad, Muhammad, Artaman, Al, Arulappan, Judie, Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo, Aryannejad, Armin, Asaad, Malke, Asemahagn, Mulusew A, Asemi, Zatollah, Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad, Ashraf, Tahira, Assadi, Reza, Athar, Mohammad, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi, Attia, Sameh, Aujayeb, Avinash, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Awedew, Atalel Fentahun, Awoke, Mamaru Ayenew, Awoke, Tewachew, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayana, Tegegn Mulatu, Ayen, Solomon Shitu, Azadi, Davood, Azadnajafabad, Sina, Azami-Aghdash, Saber, Azanaw, Melkalem Mamuye, Azangou-Khyavy, Mohammadreza, Azari Jafari, Amirhossein, Azizi, Hosein, Azzam, Ahmed Y Y, Babajani, Amirhesam, Badar, Muhammad, Badiye, Ashish D, Baghcheghi, Nayereh, Bagheri, Nader, Bagherieh, Sara, Bahadory, Saeed, Baig, Atif Amin, Baker, Jennifer L, Bakhtiari, Ahad, Bakshi, Ravleen Kaur, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Indrajit, Bardhan, Mainak, Barone-Adesi, Francesco, Barra, Fabio, Barrow, Amadou, Bashir, Nasir Z, Bashiri, Azadeh, Basu, Saurav, Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad, Begum, Aeysha, Bekele, Alehegn Bekele, Belay, Alemayehu Sayih, Belete, Melaku Ashagrie, Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal, Bell, Arielle Wilder, Belo, Luis, Benzian, Habib, Berhie, Alemshet Yirga, Bermudez, Amiel Nazer C, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhandari, Bharti Bhandari, Bhardwaj, Nikha, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S, Bhuyan, Soumitra S, Bibi, Sadia, Bilchut, Awraris Hailu, Bintoro, Bagas Suryo, Biondi, Antonio, Birega, Mesfin Geremaw Birega, Birhan, Habitu Eshetu, Bjørge, Tone, Blyuss, Oleg, Bodicha, Belay Boda Abule, Bolla, Srinivasa Rao, Boloor, Archith, Bosetti, Cristina, Braithwaite, Dejana, Brauer, Michael, Brenner, Hermann, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Buchanan, Christina Maree, Bulamu, Norma B, Bustamante-Teixeira, Maria Teresa, Butt, Muhammad Hammad, Butt, Nadeem Shafique, Butt, Zahid A, Caetano dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Cámera, Luis Alberto, Cao, Chao, Cao, Yin, Carreras, Giulia, Carvalho, Márcia, Cembranel, Francieli, Cerin, Ester, Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo, Charalampous, Periklis, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chimed-Ochir, Odgerel, Chirinos-Caceres, Jesus Lorenzo, Cho, Daniel Youngwhan, Cho, William C S, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Chukwu, Isaac Sunday, Cohen, Aaron J, Conde, Joao, Cortés, Sandra, Costa, Vera Marisa, Cruz-Martins, Natália, Culbreth, Garland T, Dadras, Omid, Dagnaw, Fentaw Teshome, Dahlawi, Saad M A, Dai, Xiaochen, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Daneshpajouhnejad, Parnaz, Danielewicz, Anna, Dao, An Thi Minh, Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani, Reza, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Das, Saswati, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, Davtalab Esmaeili, Elham, De la Hoz, Fernando Pio, Debela, Sisay Abebe, Dehghan, Azizallah, Demisse, Biniyam, Demisse, Fitsum Wolde, Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar, Derakhshani, Afshin, Derbew Molla, Meseret, Dereje, Diriba, Deribe, Kalkidan Solomon, Desai, Rupak, Desalegn, Markos Desalegn, Dessalegn, Fikadu Nugusu, Dessalegni, Samuel Abebe A, Dessie, Gashaw, Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu, Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dianatinasab, Mostafa, Diao, Nancy, Diaz, Daniel, Digesa, Lankamo Ena, Dixit, Shilpi Gupta, Doaei, Saeid, Doan, Linh Phuong, Doku, Paul Narh, Dongarwar, Deepa, dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque, Driscoll, Tim Robert, Dsouza, Haneil Larson, Durojaiye, Oyewole Christopher, Edalati, Sareh, Eghbalian, Fatemeh, Ehsani-Chimeh, Elham, Eini, Ebrahim, Ekholuenetale, Michael, Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus, Ekwueme, Donatus U, El Tantawi, Maha, Elbahnasawy, Mostafa Ahmed, Elbarazi, Iffat, Elghazaly, Hesham, Elhadi, Muhammed, El-Huneidi, Waseem, Emamian, Mohammad Hassan, Engelbert Bain, Luchuo, Enyew, Daniel Berhanie, Erkhembayar, Ryenchindorj, Eshetu, Tegegne, Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Espinosa-Montero, Juan, Etaee, Farshid, Etemadimanesh, Azin, Eyayu, Tahir, Ezeonwumelu, Ifeanyi Jude, Ezzikouri, Sayeh, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis, Fahimi, Saman, Fakhradiyev, Ildar Ravisovich, Faraon, Emerito Jose A, Fares, Jawad, Farmany, Abbas, Farooque, Umar, Farrokhpour, Hossein, Fasanmi, Abidemi Omolara, Fatehizadeh, Ali, Fatima, Wafa, Fattahi, Hamed, Fekadu, Ginenus, Feleke, Berhanu Elfu, Ferrari, Allegra Allegra, Ferrero, Simone, Ferro Desideri, Lorenzo, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Foroumadi, Roham, Foroutan, Masoud, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Gaal, Peter Andras, Gad, Mohamed M, Gadanya, Muktar A, Gaipov, Abduzhappar, Galehdar, Nasrin, Gallus, Silvano, Garg, Tushar, Gaspar Fonseca, Mariana, Gebremariam, Yosef Haile, Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru, Gebremichael, Mathewos Alemu, Geda, Yohannes Fikadu, Gela, Yibeltal Yismaw, Gemeda, Belete Negese Belete, Getachew, Melaku, Getachew, Motuma Erena, Ghaffari, Kazem, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi, Ghasemi Nour, Mohammad, Ghassemi, Fariba, Ghimire, Ajnish, Ghith, Nermin, Gholamalizadeh, Maryam, Gholizadeh Navashenaq, Jamshid, Ghozy, Sherief, Gilani, Syed Amir, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Ginindza, Themba G, Gizaw, Abraham Tamirat T, Glasbey, James C, Godos, Justyna, Goel, Amit, Golechha, Mahaveer, Goleij, Pouya, Golinelli, Davide, Golitaleb, Mohamad, Gorini, Giuseppe, Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia, Grosso, Giuseppe, Guadie, Habtamu Alganeh, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, Gudayu, Temesgen Worku, Guerra, Maximiliano Ribeiro, Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga, Gupta, Bhawna, Gupta, Sapna, Gupta, Veer Bala, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, Gurara, Mekdes Kondale, Guta, Alemu, Habibzadeh, Parham, Haddadi Avval, Atlas, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hajj Ali, Adel, Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin, Halboub, Esam S, Halimi, Aram, Halwani, Rabih, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hameed, Sajid, Hamidi, Samer, Hanif, Asif, Hariri, Sanam, Harlianto, Netanja I, Haro, Josep Maria, Hartono, Risky Kusuma, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, Hasan, S M Mahmudul, Hasani, Hamidreza, Hashemi, Seyedeh Melika, Hassan, Abbas M, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hayat, Khezar, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari, Mohammad, Heidarymeybodi, Zahra, Herrera-Serna, Brenda Yuliana, Herteliu, Claudiu, Hezam, Kamal, Hiraike, Yuta, Hlongwa, Mbuzeleni Mbuzeleni, Holla, Ramesh, Holm, Marianne, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hoseini, Mohammad, Hossain, Md Mahbub, Hossain, Mohammad Bellal Hossain, Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar, Hosseinzadeh, Ali, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Huang, Junjie, Hugo, Fernando N, Humayun, Ayesha, Hussain, Salman, Hussein, Nawfal R, Hwang, Bing-Fang, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Iftikhar, Pulwasha Maria, Ikuta, Kevin S, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M, Ilic, Milena D, Immurana, Mustapha, Innos, Kaire, Iranpour, Pooya, Irham, Lalu Muhammad, Islam, Md Shariful, Islam, Rakibul M, Islami, Farhad, Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah, Isola, Gaetano, Iwagami, Masao, J, Linda Merin, Jaiswal, Abhishek, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jalili, Mahsa, Jalilian, Shahram, Jamshidi, Elham, Jang, Sung-In, Jani, Chinmay T, Javaheri, Tahereh, Jayarajah, Umesh Umesh, Jayaram, Shubha, Jazayeri, Seyed Behzad, Jebai, Rime, Jemal, Bedru, Jeong, Wonjeong, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jindal, Har Ashish, John-Akinola, Yetunde O, Jonas, Jost B, Joo, Tamas, Joseph, Nitin, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Ali, Kacimi, Salah Eddine Oussama, Kadashetti, Vidya, Kahe, Farima, Kakodkar, Pradnya Vishal, Kalankesh, Laleh R, Kalankesh, Leila R, Kalhor, Rohollah, Kamal, Vineet Kumar, Kamangar, Farin, Kamath, Ashwin, Kanchan, Tanuj, Kandaswamy, Eswar, Kandel, Himal, Kang, HyeJung, Kanno, Girum Gebremeskel, Kapoor, Neeti, Kar, Sitanshu Sekhar, Karanth, Shama D, Karaye, Ibraheem M, Karch, André, Karimi, Amirali, Kassa, Bekalu Getnet, Katoto, Patrick DMC, Kauppila, Joonas H, Kaur, Harkiran, Kebede, Abinet Gebremickael, Keikavoosi-Arani, Leila, Kejela, Gemechu Gemechu, Kemp Bohan, Phillip M, Keramati, Maryam, Keykhaei, Mohammad, Khajuria, Himanshu, Khan, Abbas, Khan, Abdul Aziz Khan, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, Khan, Moien AB, Khanali, Javad, Khatab, Khaled, Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad, Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khayat Kashani, Hamid Reza, Khazeei Tabari, Mohammad Amin, Khezeli, Mehdi, Khodadost, Mahmoud, Kim, Min Seo, Kim, Yun Jin, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Klugar, Miloslav, Klugarová, Jitka, Kolahi, Ali-Asghar, Kolkhir, Pavel, Kompani, Farzad, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi, Koyanagi, Ai, Krishan, Kewal, Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kugbey, Nuworza, Kulimbet, Mukhtar, Kumar, Akshay, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Narinder, Kurmi, Om P, Kuttikkattu, Ambily, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lahiri, Arista, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lám, Judit, Lan, Qing, Landires, Iván, Larijani, Bagher, Lasrado, Savita, Lau, Jerrald, Lauriola, Paolo, Ledda, Caterina, Lee, Sang-woong, Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, Lee, Wei-Chen, Lee, Yeong Yeh, Lee, Yo Han, Legesse, Samson Mideksa, Leigh, James, Leong, Elvynna, Li, Ming-Chieh, Lim, Stephen S, Liu, Gang, Liu, Jue, Lo, Chun-Han, Lohiya, Ayush, Lopukhov, Platon D, Lorenzovici, László, Lotfi, Mojgan, Loureiro, Joana A, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Madadizadeh, Farzan, Mafi, Ahmad R, Magdeldin, Sameh, Mahjoub, Soleiman, Mahmoodpoor, Ata, Mahmoudi, Morteza, Mahmoudimanesh, Marzieh, Mahumud, Rashidul Alam, Majeed, Azeem, Majidpoor, Jamal, Makki, Alaa, Makris, Konstantinos Christos, Malakan Rad, Elaheh, Malekpour, Mohammad-Reza, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malik, Ahmad Azam, Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain, Mallya, Sneha Deepak, Mamun, Mohammed A, Manda, Ana Laura, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Mansouri, Borhan, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo Giovanni, Martini, Santi, Martorell, Miquel, Masoudi, Sahar, Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra, Matei, Clara N, Mathews, Elezebeth, Mathur, Manu Raj, Mathur, Vasundhara, McKee, Martin, Meena, Jitendra Kumar, Mehmood, Khalid, Mehrabi Nasab, Entezar, Mehrotra, Ravi, Melese, Addisu, Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mengesha, SIsay Derso, Mensah, Laverne G, Mentis, Alexios-Fotios A, Mera-Mamián, Andry Yasmid Mera, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Merid, Mehari Woldemariam, Mersha, Amanual Getnet, Meselu, Belsity Temesgen, Meshkat, Mahboobeh, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miao Jonasson, Junmei, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Mijena, Gelana Fekadu Worku, Miller, Ted R, Mir, Shabir Ahmad, Mirinezhad, Seyed Kazem, Mirmoeeni, Seyyedmohammadsadeq, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad, Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Hamid Reza, Misganaw, Abay Sisay, Misra, Sanjeev, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Esmaeil, Mohammadi, Mokhtar, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohammed, Arif, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohan, Syam, Mohseni, Mohammad, Moka, Nagabhishek, Mokdad, Ali H, Molassiotis, Alex, Molokhia, Mariam, Momenzadeh, Kaveh, Momtazmanesh, Sara, Monasta, Lorenzo, Mons, Ute, Montasir, Ahmed Al, Montazeri, Fateme, Montero, Arnulfo, Moosavi, Mohammad Amin, Moradi, Abdolvahab, Moradi, Yousef, Moradi Sarabi, Mostafa, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Morze, Jakub, Mosapour, Abbas, Mostafavi, Ebrahim, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mousavi Isfahani, Haleh, Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, Mpundu-Kaambwa, Christine, Mubarik, Sumaira, Mulita, Francesk, Munblit, Daniel, Munro, Sandra B, Murillo-Zamora, Efrén, Musa, Jonah, Nabhan, Ashraf F, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Nagaraju, Shankar Prasad, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghipour, Mohammadreza, Naimzada, Mukhammad David, Nair, Tapas Sadasivan, Naqvi, Atta Abbas, Narasimha Swamy, Sreenivas, Narayana, Aparna Ichalangod, Nassereldine, Hasan, Natto, Zuhair S, Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Ndejjo, Rawlance, Nduaguba, Sabina Onyinye, Negash, Wogene Wogene, Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria, Nejati, Kazem, Neupane Kandel, Sandhya, Nguyen, Huy Van Nguyen, Niazi, Robina Khan, Noor, Nurulamin M, Noori, Maryam, Noroozi, Nafise, Nouraei, Hasti, Nowroozi, Ali, Nuñez-Samudio, Virginia, Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe, Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet, Oancea, Bogdan, Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade, Oghenetega, Onome Bright, Ogunsakin, Ropo Ebenezer, Oguntade, Ayodipupo Sikiru, Oh, In-Hwan, Okati-Aliabad, Hassan, Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olagunju, Tinuke O, Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun, Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa, Omer, Emad, Omonisi, Abidemi E Emmanuel, Ong, Sokking, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Orru, Hans, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Oulhaj, Abderrahim, Oumer, Bilcha, Owopetu, Oluwatomi Funbi, Oyinloye, Babatunji Emmanuel, P A, Mahesh, Padron-Monedero, Alicia, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pakbin, Babak, Pakshir, Keyvan, Pakzad, Reza, Palicz, Tamás, Pana, Adrian, Pandey, Anamika, Pandey, Ashok, Pant, Suman, Pardhan, Shahina, Park, Eun-Cheol, Park, Eun-Kee, Park, Seoyeon, Patel, Jay, Pati, Siddhartha, Paudel, Rajan, Paudel, Uttam, Paun, Mihaela, Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, Peng, Minjin, Pereira, Jeevan, Pereira, Renato B, Perna, Simone, Perumalsamy, Navaraj, Pestell, Richard G, Pezzani, Raffaele, Piccinelli, Cristiano, Pillay, Julian David, Piracha, Zahra Zahid, Pischon, Tobias, Postma, Maarten J, Pourabhari Langroudi, Ashkan, Pourshams, Akram, Pourtaheri, Naeimeh, Prashant, Akila, Qadir, Mirza Muhammad Fahd, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Radhakrishnan, Raghu Anekal, Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman, Raeisi, Mojtaba, Rafiee, Ata, Rafiei, Alireza, Raheem, Nasiru, Rahim, Fakher, Rahman, Md Obaidur, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahmani, Amir Masoud, Rahmani, Shayan, Rahmanian, Vahid, Rajai, Nazanin, Rajesh, Aashish, Ram, Pradhum, Ramezanzadeh, Kiana, Rana, Juwel, Ranabhat, Kamal, Ranasinghe, Priyanga, Rao, Chythra R, Rao, Sowmya J, Rashedi, Sina, Rashidi, Amirfarzan, Rashidi, Mahsa, Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi, Ratan, Zubair Ahmed, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Rawal, Lal, Rawassizadeh, Reza, Razeghinia, Mohammad Sadegh, Rehman, Ashfaq Ur, Rehman, Inayat ur, Reitsma, Marissa B, Renzaho, Andre M N, Rezaei, Maryam, Rezaei, Nazila, Rezaei, Negar, Rezaei, Nima, Rezaei, Saeid, Rezaeian, Mohsen, Rezapour, Aziz, Riad, Abanoub, Rikhtegar, Reza, Rios-Blancas, Maria, Roberts, Thomas J, Rohloff, Peter, Romero-Rodríguez, Esperanza, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rwegerera, Godfrey M, S, Manjula, Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed, Saberzadeh-Ardestani, Bahar, Sabour, Siamak, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Erfan, Saeb, Mohammad Reza, Saeed, Umar, Safaei, Mohsen, Safary, Azam, Sahebazzamani, Maryam, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahoo, Harihar, Sajid, Mirza Rizwan, Salari, Hedayat, Salehi, Sana, Salem, Marwa Rashad, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Samodra, Yoseph Leonardo, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Sankararaman, Senthilkumar, Sanmarchi, Francesco, Santric-Milicevic, Milena M, Saqib, Muhammad Arif Nadeem, Sarveazad, Arash, Sarvi, Fatemeh, Sathian, Brijesh, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sayegh, Nicolas, Schneider, Ione Jayce Ceola, Schwarzinger, Michaël, Šekerija, Mario, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Seylani, Allen, Seyoum, Kenbon, Sha, Feng, Shafaat, Omid, Shah, Pritik A, Shahabi, Saeed, Shahid, Izza, Shahrbaf, Mohammad Amin, Shahsavari, Hamid R, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shaka, Mohammed Feyisso, Shaker, Elaheh, Shannawaz, Mohammed, Sharew, Mequannent Melaku Sharew, Sharifi, Azam, Sharifi-Rad, Javad, Sharma, Purva, Shashamo, Bereket Beyene, Sheikh, Aziz, Sheikh, Mahdi, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Sheikhi, Rahim Ali, Sheikhy, Ali, Shepherd, Peter Robin, Shetty, Adithi, Shetty, Jeevan K, Shetty, Ranjitha S, Shibuya, Kenji, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shirzad-Aski, Hesamaddin, Shivakumar, K M, Shivalli, Siddharudha, Shivarov, Velizar, Shobeiri, Parnian, Shokri Varniab, Zahra, Shorofi, Seyed Afshin, Shrestha, Sunil, Sibhat, Migbar Mekonnen, Siddappa Malleshappa, Sudeep K, Sidemo, Negussie Boti, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues, Silva Julian, Guilherme, Silvestris, Nicola, Simegn, Wudneh, Singh, Achintya Dinesh, Singh, Ambrish, Singh, Garima, Singh, Harpreet, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Jitendra Kumar, Singh, Paramdeep, Singh, Surjit, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Sinke, Abiy H, Siraj, Md Shahjahan, Sitas, Freddy, Siwal, Samarjeet Singh, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna, Socea, Bogdan, Soeberg, Matthew J, Sofi-Mahmudi, Ahmad, Solomon, Yonatan, Soltani-Zangbar, Mohammad Sadegh, Song, Suhang, Song, Yimeng, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soshnikov, Sergey, Sotoudeh, Houman, Sowe, Alieu, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Suk, Ryan, Suleman, Muhammad, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan, Sultana, Saima, Sur, Daniel, Szócska, Miklós, Tabaeian, Seidamir Pasha, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Tadbiri, Hooman, Taheri, Ensiyeh, Taheri, Majid, Taheri Soodejani, Moslem, Takahashi, Ken, Talaat, Iman M, Tampa, Mircea, Tan, Ker-Kan, Tat, Nathan Y, Tat, Vivian Y, Tavakoli, Ahmad, Tavakoli, Arash, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Tekalegn, Yohannes, Tesfay, Fisaha Haile, Thapar, Rekha, Thavamani, Aravind, Thoguluva Chandrasekar, Viveksandeep, Thomas, Nihal, Thomas, Nikhil Kenny, Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera, Tiyuri, Amir, Tollosa, Daniel Nigusse, Topor-Madry, Roman, Touvier, Mathilde, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Traini, Eugenio, Tran, Mai Thi Ngoc, Tripathy, Jaya Prasad, Ukke, Gebresilasea Gendisha, Ullah, Irfan, Ullah, Saif, Ullah, Sana, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Vacante, Marco, Vaezi, Maryam, Valadan Tahbaz, Sahel, Valdez, Pascual R, Vardavas, Constantine, Varthya, Shoban Babu, Vaziri, Siavash, Velazquez, Diana Zuleika, Veroux, Massimiliano, Villeneuve, Paul J, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch, Vlassov, Vasily, Vo, Bay, Vu, Linh Gia, Wadood, Abdul Wadood, Waheed, Yasir, Walde, Mandaras Tariku, Wamai, Richard G, Wang, Cong, Wang, Fang, Wang, Ning, Wang, Yu, Ward, Paul, Waris, Abdul, Westerman, Ronny, Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana, Woldemariam, Melat, Woldu, Berhanu, Xiao, Hong, Xu, Suowen, Xu, Xiaoyue, Yadav, Lalit, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, Yang, Lin, Yazdanpanah, Fereshteh, Yeshaw, Yigizie, Yismaw, Yazachew, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousefi, Zabihollah, Yousefian, Fatemeh, Yu, Chuanhua, Yu, Yong, Yunusa, Ismaeel, Zahir, Mazyar, Zaki, Nazar, Zaman, Burhan Abdullah, Zangiabadian, Moein, Zare, Fariba, Zare, Iman, Zareshahrabadi, Zahra, Zarrintan, Armin, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zeineddine, Mohammad A, Zhang, Dongyu, Zhang, Jianrong, Zhang, Yunquan, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zhou, Linghui, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zoladl, Mohammad, Vos, Theo, Hay, Simon I, Force, Lisa M, and Murray, Christopher J L

Published
2022
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4. Alteration of Serum Lipid Profiles among Amoebasis and Giardiasis Confirmed Patients at North West Ethiopia

Author

Semaw, Muluken, primary, Megabiew, Fenthun, additional, Walle, Muluken, additional, Woldesenbet, Dagmawi, additional, Tamir, Mebratu, additional, Mekuanint, Amare, additional, Mengesha, Abebe Yenesew, additional, Cherie, Negesse, additional, Berta, Dereje Mengesha, additional, Teketelew, Bisrat Birke, additional, Angelo, Abiy Ayele, additional, Abere, Aberham, additional, mihiret, yenesew, additional, and Eshetu, Tegegne, additional

Published
2024
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10. A 10-Year Trend Analysis of Intestinal Parasitic Infections at Grarigy Health Center, Northwest Ethiopia: Implication for Epidemic Preparedness

Author

Abere,Aberham, Aschale,Yibeltal, Tegegne,Banchamlak, Eshetu,Tegegne, Derso,Adane, Abere,Aberham, Aschale,Yibeltal, Tegegne,Banchamlak, Eshetu,Tegegne, and Derso,Adane

Abstract

Aberham Abere,1 Yibeltal Aschale,2 Banchamlak Tegegne,3 Tegegne Eshetu,1 Adane Derso1 1Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 2Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia; 3Amhara Public Health Institute (APHI), Bahir Dar, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Yibeltal Aschale, Tel +251922444340, Email yibeltal.aschale@yahoo.comBackground: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPI) are one of the most significant health issues around the world. Their burden is significant in Ethiopia with an estimated five million cases reported annually. This study aimed to evaluate the 10-year trend of IPIs at the Grarigy Health Center in northwest Ethiopia.Methods: A retrospective analysis was done at Grarigy Health Center to determine the 10-year (2011– 2020) trend of IPIs by reviewing stool examination reports from a laboratory logbook. The data was collected by laboratory personnel using data extraction sheets. Then, entered into EpiData, cleaned and analyzed using SPSS-20 software. The chi-square test was used to test for significant differences between variables.Results: A total of 9541 stool samples were examined over a 10-year period, of which, 5599 (58.7%) were from male participants and 3942 (41.3%) were from female participants. Participants in the study had an average age of 26.11 years. Infection with intestinal parasites was seen in 58.8% of people (n = 5612) (CI: 57.8– 59.8). A significant fluctuating pattern of IPIs was observed from 2011 to 2020 (P < 0.05). The highest peak of IPIs was recorded in 2020 (61.9%; 767 cases) and the lowest peak was observed in 2011 (49%; 99 cases). A total of 10 different genera of intestinal parasites were reported, of which, A. lumbricoides was the predominant (23.5%) followed by E. histolytica/dispar (16.6%). The highest cases of all intestinal paras

Published
2023

11. a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Tran, Khanh Bao, Lang, Justin J, Compton, Kelly, Xu, Rixing, Acheson, Alistair R, Henrikson, Hannah Jacqueline, Kocarnik, Jonathan M, Penberthy, Louise, Aali, Amirali, Abbas, Qamar, Abbasi, Behzad, Abbasi-kangevari, Mohsen, Abbasi-kangevari, Zeinab, Abbastabar, Hedayat, Abdelmasseh, Michael, Abd-elsalam, Sherief, Abdelwahab, Ahmed Abdelwahab, Abdoli, Gholamreza, Abdulkadir, Hanan Abdulkadir, Abedi, Aidin, Abegaz, Kedir Hussein, Abidi, Hassan, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Absalan, Abdorrahim, Abtew, Yonas Derso, Abubaker Ali, Hiwa, Abu-gharbieh, Eman, Achappa, Basavaprabhu, Acuna, Juan Manuel, Addison, Daniel, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Adegboye, Oyelola A, Adesina, Miracle Ayomikun, Adnan, Mohammad, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Advani, Shailesh M, Afrin, Sumia, Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Aggarwal, Manik, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Araz Ramazan, Ahmad, Rizwan, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmad, Sohail, Ahmadi, Sepideh, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed, Luai A, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed Rashid, Tarik, Aiman, Wajeeha, Ajami, Marjan, Akalu, Gizachew Taddesse, Akbarzadeh-khiavi, Mostafa, Aklilu, Addis, Akonde, Maxwell, Akunna, Chisom Joyqueenet, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Alahdab, Fares, Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour, Alanzi, Turki M, Alessy, Saleh Ali, Algammal, Abdelazeem M, Al-hanawi, Mohammed Khaled, Alhassan, Robert Kaba, Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir, Ali, Liaqat, Ali, Syed Shujait, Alimohamadi, Yousef, Alipour, Vahid, Aljunid, Syed Mohamed, Alkhayyat, Motasem, Al-maweri, Sadeq Ali Ali, Almustanyir, Sami, Alonso, Nivaldo, Alqalyoobi, Shehabaldin, Al-raddadi, Rajaa M, Al-rifai, Rami H Hani, Al-sabah, Salman Khalifah, Al-tammemi, Ala'a B, Altawalah, Haya, Alvis-guzman, Nelson, Amare, Firehiwot, Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena, Aminian Dehkordi, Javad Javad, Amirzade-iranaq, Mohammad Hosein, Amu, Hubert, Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi, Ancuceanu, Robert, Anderson, Jason A, Animut, Yaregal Animut, Anoushiravani, Amir, Anoushirvani, Ali Arash, Ansari-moghaddam, Alireza, Ansha, Mustafa Geleto, Antony, Benny, Antwi, Maxwell Hubert, Anwar, Sumadi Lukman, Anwer, Razique, Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward, Arabloo, Jalal, Arab-zozani, Morteza, Aremu, Olatunde, Argaw, Ayele Mamo, Ariffin, Hany, Aripov, Timur, Arshad, Muhammad, Artaman, Al, Arulappan, Judie, Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo, Aryannejad, Armin, Asaad, Malke, Asemahagn, Mulusew A, Asemi, Zatollah, Asghari-jafarabadi, Mohammad, Ashraf, Tahira, Assadi, Reza, Athar, Mohammad, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi, Attia, Sameh, Aujayeb, Avinash, Ausloos, Marcel, Avila-burgos, Leticia, Awedew, Atalel Fentahun, Awoke, Mamaru Ayenew, Awoke, Tewachew, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayana, Tegegn Mulatu, Ayen, Solomon Shitu, Azadi, Davood, Azadnajafabad, Sina, Azami-aghdash, Saber, Azanaw, Melkalem Mamuye, Azangou-khyavy, Mohammadreza, Azari Jafari, Amirhossein, Azizi, Hosein, Azzam, Ahmed Y Y, Babajani, Amirhesam, Badar, Muhammad, Badiye, Ashish D, Baghcheghi, Nayereh, Bagheri, Nader, Bagherieh, Sara, Bahadory, Saeed, Baig, Atif Amin, Baker, Jennifer L, Bakhtiari, Ahad, Bakshi, Ravleen Kaur, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Indrajit, Bardhan, Mainak, Barone-adesi, Francesco, Barra, Fabio, Barrow, Amadou, Bashir, Nasir Z, Bashiri, Azadeh, Basu, Saurav, Batiha, Abdul-monim Mohammad, Begum, Aeysha, Bekele, Alehegn Bekele, Belay, Alemayehu Sayih, Belete, Melaku Ashagrie, Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal, Bell, Arielle Wilder, Belo, Luis, Benzian, Habib, Berhie, Alemshet Yirga, Bermudez, Amiel Nazer C, Bernabe, Eduardo, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhandari, Bharti Bhandari, Bhardwaj, Nikha, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhattacharyya, Krittika, Bhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S, Bhuyan, Soumitra S, Bibi, Sadia, Bilchut, Awraris Hailu, Bintoro, Bagas Suryo, Biondi, Antonio, Birega, Mesfin Geremaw Birega, Birhan, Habitu Eshetu, Bjørge, Tone, Blyuss, Oleg, Bodicha, Belay Boda Abule, Bolla, Srinivasa Rao, Boloor, Archith, Bosetti, Cristina, Braithwaite, Dejana, Brauer, Michael, Brenner, Hermann, Briko, Andrey Nikolaevich, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Buchanan, Christina Maree, Bulamu, Norma B, Bustamante-teixeira, Maria Teresa, Butt, Muhammad Hammad, Butt, Nadeem Shafique, Butt, Zahid A, Caetano Dos Santos, Florentino Luciano, Cámera, Luis Alberto, Cao, Chao, Cao, Yin, Carreras, Giulia, Carvalho, Márcia, Cembranel, Francieli, Cerin, Ester, Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo, Charalampous, Periklis, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chimed-ochir, Odgerel, Chirinos-caceres, Jesus Lorenzo, Cho, Daniel Youngwhan, Cho, William C S, Christopher, Devasahayam J, Chu, Dinh-toi, Chukwu, Isaac Sunday, Cohen, Aaron J, Conde, Joao, Cortés, Sandra, Costa, Vera Marisa, Cruz-martins, Natália, Culbreth, Garland T, Dadras, Omid, Dagnaw, Fentaw Teshome, Dahlawi, Saad M A, Dai, Xiaochen, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Daneshpajouhnejad, Parnaz, Danielewicz, Anna, Dao, An Thi Minh, Darvishi Cheshmeh Soltani, Reza, Darwesh, Aso Mohammad, Das, Saswati, Davitoiu, Dragos Virgil, Davtalab Esmaeili, Elham, De La Hoz, Fernando Pio, Debela, Sisay Abebe, Dehghan, Azizallah, Demisse, Biniyam, Demisse, Fitsum Wolde, Denova-gutiérrez, Edgar, Derakhshani, Afshin, Derbew Molla, Meseret, Dereje, Diriba, Deribe, Kalkidan Solomon, Desai, Rupak, Desalegn, Markos Desalegn, Dessalegn, Fikadu Nugusu, Dessalegni, Samuel Abebe A, Dessie, Gashaw, Desta, Abebaw Alemayehu, Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman, Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda, Dhimal, Meghnath, Dianatinasab, Mostafa, Diao, Nancy, Diaz, Daniel, Digesa, Lankamo Ena, Dixit, Shilpi Gupta, Doaei, Saeid, Doan, Linh Phuong, Doku, Paul Narh, Dongarwar, Deepa, Dos Santos, Wendel Mombaque, Driscoll, Tim Robert, Dsouza, Haneil Larson, Durojaiye, Oyewole Christopher, Edalati, Sareh, Eghbalian, Fatemeh, Ehsani-chimeh, Elham, Eini, Ebrahim, Ekholuenetale, Michael, Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus, Ekwueme, Donatus U, El Tantawi, Maha, Elbahnasawy, Mostafa Ahmed, Elbarazi, Iffat, Elghazaly, Hesham, Elhadi, Muhammed, El-huneidi, Waseem, Emamian, Mohammad Hassan, Engelbert Bain, Luchuo, Enyew, Daniel Berhanie, Erkhembayar, Ryenchindorj, Eshetu, Tegegne, Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Espinosa-montero, Juan, Etaee, Farshid, Etemadimanesh, Azin, Eyayu, Tahir, Ezeonwumelu, Ifeanyi Jude, Ezzikouri, Sayeh, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis, Fahimi, Saman, Fakhradiyev, Ildar Ravisovich, Faraon, Emerito Jose A, Fares, Jawad, Farmany, Abbas, Farooque, Umar, Farrokhpour, Hossein, Fasanmi, Abidemi Omolara, Fatehizadeh, Ali, Fatima, Wafa, Fattahi, Hamed, Fekadu, Ginenus, Feleke, Berhanu Elfu, Ferrari, Allegra Allegra, Ferrero, Simone, Ferro Desideri, Lorenzo, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Foroumadi, Roham, Foroutan, Masoud, Fukumoto, Takeshi, Gaal, Peter Andras, Gad, Mohamed M, Gadanya, Muktar A, Gaipov, Abduzhappar, Galehdar, Nasrin, Gallus, Silvano, Garg, Tushar, Gaspar Fonseca, Mariana, Gebremariam, Yosef Haile, Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru, Gebremichael, Mathewos Alemu, Geda, Yohannes Fikadu, Gela, Yibeltal Yismaw, Gemeda, Belete Negese Belete, Getachew, Melaku, Getachew, Motuma Erena, Ghaffari, Kazem, Ghafourifard, Mansour, Ghamari, Seyyed-hadi, Ghasemi Nour, Mohammad, Ghassemi, Fariba, Ghimire, Ajnish, Ghith, Nermin, Gholamalizadeh, Maryam, Gholizadeh Navashenaq, Jamshid, Ghozy, Sherief, Gilani, Syed Amir, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Ginindza, Themba G, Gizaw, Abraham Tamirat T, Glasbey, James C, Godos, Justyna, Goel, Amit, Golechha, Mahaveer, Goleij, Pouya, Golinelli, Davide, Golitaleb, Mohamad, Gorini, Giuseppe, Goulart, Bárbara Niegia Garcia, Grosso, Giuseppe, Guadie, Habtamu Alganeh, Gubari, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen, Gudayu, Temesgen Worku, Guerra, Maximiliano Ribeiro, Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga, Gupta, Bhawna, Gupta, Sapna, Gupta, Veer Bala, Gupta, Vivek Kumar, Gurara, Mekdes Kondale, Guta, Alemu, Habibzadeh, Parham, Haddadi Avval, Atlas, Hafezi-nejad, Nima, Hajj Ali, Adel, Haj-mirzaian, Arvin, Halboub, Esam S, Halimi, Aram, Halwani, Rabih, Hamadeh, Randah R, Hameed, Sajid, Hamidi, Samer, Hanif, Asif, Hariri, Sanam, Harlianto, Netanja I, Haro, Josep Maria, Hartono, Risky Kusuma, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, Hasan, S M Mahmudul, Hasani, Hamidreza, Hashemi, Seyedeh Melika, Hassan, Abbas M, Hassanipour, Soheil, Hayat, Khezar, Heidari, Golnaz, Heidari, Mohammad, Heidarymeybodi, Zahra, Herrera-serna, Brenda Yuliana, Herteliu, Claudiu, Hezam, Kamal, Hiraike, Yuta, Hlongwa, Mbuzeleni Mbuzeleni, Holla, Ramesh, Holm, Marianne, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hoseini, Mohammad, Hossain, Md Mahbub, Hossain, Mohammad Bellal Hossain, Hosseini, Mohammad-salar, Hosseinzadeh, Ali, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Househ, Mowafa, Huang, Junjie, Hugo, Fernando N, Humayun, Ayesha, Hussain, Salman, Hussein, Nawfal R, Hwang, Bing-fang, Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel, Iftikhar, Pulwasha Maria, Ikuta, Kevin S, Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M, Ilic, Milena D, Immurana, Mustapha, Innos, Kaire, Iranpour, Pooya, Irham, Lalu Muhammad, Islam, Md Shariful, Islam, Rakibul M, Islami, Farhad, Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah, Isola, Gaetano, Iwagami, Masao, J, Linda Merin, Jaiswal, Abhishek, 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Maryam, Keykhaei, Mohammad, Khajuria, Himanshu, Khan, Abbas, Khan, Abdul Aziz Khan, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, Khan, Moien Ab, Khanali, Javad, Khatab, Khaled, Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad, Khatib, Mahalaqua Nazli, Khayamzadeh, Maryam, Khayat Kashani, Hamid Reza, Khazeei Tabari, Mohammad Amin, Khezeli, Mehdi, Khodadost, Mahmoud, Kim, Min Seo, Kim, Yun Jin, Kisa, Adnan, Kisa, Sezer, Klugar, Miloslav, Klugarová, Jitka, Kolahi, Ali-asghar, Kolkhir, Pavel, Kompani, Farzad, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koulmane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi, Koyanagi, Ai, Krishan, Kewal, Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj, Kucuk Bicer, Burcu, Kugbey, Nuworza, Kulimbet, Mukhtar, Kumar, Akshay, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Narinder, Kurmi, Om P, Kuttikkattu, Ambily, La Vecchia, Carlo, Lahiri, Arista, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lám, Judit, Lan, Qing, Landires, Iván, Larijani, Bagher, Lasrado, Savita, Lau, Jerrald, Lauriola, Paolo, Ledda, Caterina, Lee, Sang-woong, Lee, Shaun Wen Huey, Lee, Wei-chen, Lee, Yeong Yeh, 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Melese, Addisu, Mendoza, Walter, Menezes, Ritesh G, Mengesha, Sisay Derso, Mensah, Laverne G, Mentis, Alexios-fotios A, Mera-mamián, Andry Yasmid Mera, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Merid, Mehari Woldemariam, Mersha, Amanual Getnet, Meselu, Belsity Temesgen, Meshkat, Mahboobeh, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Miao Jonasson, Junmei, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Michalek, Irmina Maria, Mijena, Gelana Fekadu Worku, Miller, Ted R, Mir, Shabir Ahmad, Mirinezhad, Seyed Kazem, Mirmoeeni, Seyyedmohammadsadeq, Mirza-aghazadeh-attari, Mohammad, Mirzaei, Hamed, Mirzaei, Hamid Reza, Misganaw, Abay Sisay, Misra, Sanjeev, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadi, Esmaeil, Mohammadi, Mokhtar, Mohammadian-hafshejani, Abdollah, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohammed, Arif, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohan, Syam, Mohseni, Mohammad, Moka, Nagabhishek, Mokdad, Ali H, Molassiotis, Alex, Molokhia, Mariam, Momenzadeh, Kaveh, Momtazmanesh, Sara, Monasta, Lorenzo, Mons, Ute, Montasir, Ahmed Al, Montazeri, Fateme, Montero, Arnulfo, Moosavi, Mohammad Amin, Moradi, Abdolvahab, Moradi, Yousef, Moradi Sarabi, Mostafa, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Morrison, Shane Douglas, Morze, Jakub, Mosapour, Abbas, Mostafavi, Ebrahim, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mousavi Isfahani, Haleh, Mousavi Khaneghah, Amin, Mpundu-kaambwa, Christine, Mubarik, Sumaira, Mulita, Francesk, Munblit, Daniel, Munro, Sandra B, Murillo-zamora, Efrén, Musa, Jonah, Nabhan, Ashraf F, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Nagaraju, Shankar Prasad, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghipour, Mohammadreza, Naimzada, Mukhammad David, Nair, Tapas Sadasivan, Naqvi, Atta Abbas, Narasimha Swamy, Sreenivas, Narayana, Aparna Ichalangod, Nassereldine, Hasan, Natto, Zuhair S, Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Ndejjo, Rawlance, Nduaguba, Sabina Onyinye, Negash, Wogene Wogene, Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria, Nejati, Kazem, Neupane Kandel, Sandhya, Nguyen, Huy Van Nguyen, Niazi, Robina Khan, Noor, Nurulamin M, Noori, Maryam, Noroozi, Nafise, Nouraei, Hasti, Nowroozi, Ali, Nuñez-samudio, Virginia, Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe, Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet, Oancea, Bogdan, Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade, Oghenetega, Onome Bright, Ogunsakin, Ropo Ebenezer, Oguntade, Ayodipupo Sikiru, Oh, In-hwan, Okati-aliabad, Hassan, Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olagunju, Tinuke O, Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun, Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa, Omer, Emad, Omonisi, Abidemi E Emmanuel, Ong, Sokking, Onwujekwe, Obinna E, Orru, Hans, Otstavnov, Stanislav S, Oulhaj, Abderrahim, Oumer, Bilcha, Owopetu, Oluwatomi Funbi, Oyinloye, Babatunji Emmanuel, P A, Mahesh, Padron-monedero, Alicia, Padubidri, Jagadish Rao, Pakbin, Babak, Pakshir, Keyvan, Pakzad, Reza, Palicz, Tamás, Pana, Adrian, Pandey, Anamika, Pandey, Ashok, Pant, Suman, Pardhan, Shahina, Park, Eun-cheol, Park, Eun-kee, Park, Seoyeon, Patel, Jay, Pati, Siddhartha, Paudel, Rajan, Paudel, Uttam, Paun, Mihaela, Pazoki Toroudi, Hamidreza, Peng, Minjin, Pereira, Jeevan, Pereira, Renato B, Perna, Simone, Perumalsamy, Navaraj, Pestell, Richard G, Pezzani, Raffaele, Piccinelli, Cristiano, Pillay, Julian David, Piracha, Zahra Zahid, Pischon, Tobias, Postma, Maarten J, Pourabhari Langroudi, Ashkan, Pourshams, Akram, Pourtaheri, Naeimeh, Prashant, Akila, Qadir, Mirza Muhammad Fahd, Quazi Syed, Zahiruddin, Rabiee, Mohammad, Rabiee, Navid, Radfar, Amir, Radhakrishnan, Raghu Anekal, Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman, Raeisi, Mojtaba, Rafiee, Ata, Rafiei, Alireza, Raheem, Nasiru, Rahim, Fakher, Rahman, Md Obaidur, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahmani, Amir Masoud, Rahmani, Shayan, Rahmanian, Vahid, Rajai, Nazanin, Rajesh, Aashish, Ram, Pradhum, Ramezanzadeh, Kiana, Rana, Juwel, Ranabhat, Kamal, Ranasinghe, Priyanga, Rao, Chythra R, Rao, Sowmya J, Rashedi, Sina, Rashidi, Amirfarzan, Rashidi, Mahsa, Rashidi, Mohammad-mahdi, Ratan, Zubair Ahmed, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Rawal, Lal, Rawassizadeh, Reza, Razeghinia, Mohammad Sadegh, Rehman, Ashfaq Ur, Rehman, Inayat Ur, Reitsma, Marissa B, Renzaho, Andre M N, Rezaei, Maryam, Rezaei, Nazila, Rezaei, Negar, Rezaei, Nima, Rezaei, Saeid, Rezaeian, Mohsen, Rezapour, Aziz, Riad, Abanoub, Rikhtegar, Reza, Rios-blancas, Maria, Roberts, Thomas J, Rohloff, Peter, Romero-rodríguez, Esperanza, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rwegerera, Godfrey M, S, Manjula, Saber-ayad, Maha Mohamed, Saberzadeh-ardestani, Bahar, Sabour, Siamak, Saddik, Basema, Sadeghi, Erfan, Saeb, Mohammad Reza, Saeed, Umar, Safaei, Mohsen, Safary, Azam, Sahebazzamani, Maryam, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahoo, Harihar, Sajid, Mirza Rizwan, Salari, Hedayat, Salehi, Sana, Salem, Marwa Rashad, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Samodra, Yoseph Leonardo, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan, Sankararaman, Senthilkumar, Sanmarchi, Francesco, Santric-milicevic, Milena M, Saqib, Muhammad Arif Nadeem, Sarveazad, Arash, Sarvi, Fatemeh, Sathian, Brijesh, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sayegh, Nicolas, Schneider, Ione Jayce Ceola, Schwarzinger, Michaël, Šekerija, Mario, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Seylani, Allen, Seyoum, Kenbon, Sha, Feng, Shafaat, Omid, Shah, Pritik A, Shahabi, Saeed, Shahid, Izza, Shahrbaf, Mohammad Amin, Shahsavari, Hamid R, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shaka, Mohammed Feyisso, Shaker, Elaheh, Shannawaz, Mohammed, Sharew, Mequannent Melaku Sharew, Sharifi, Azam, Sharifi-rad, Javad, Sharma, Purva, Shashamo, Bereket Beyene, Sheikh, Aziz, Sheikh, Mahdi, Sheikhbahaei, Sara, Sheikhi, Rahim Ali, Sheikhy, Ali, Shepherd, Peter Robin, Shetty, Adithi, Shetty, Jeevan K, Shetty, Ranjitha S, Shibuya, Kenji, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shirzad-aski, Hesamaddin, Shivakumar, K M, Shivalli, Siddharudha, Shivarov, Velizar, Shobeiri, Parnian, Shokri Varniab, Zahra, Shorofi, Seyed Afshin, Shrestha, Sunil, Sibhat, Migbar Mekonnen, Siddappa Malleshappa, Sudeep K, Sidemo, Negussie Boti, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues, Silva Julian, Guilherme, Silvestris, Nicola, Simegn, Wudneh, Singh, Achintya Dinesh, Singh, Ambrish, Singh, Garima, Singh, Harpreet, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Jitendra Kumar, Singh, Paramdeep, Singh, Surjit, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Sinke, Abiy H, Siraj, Md Shahjahan, Sitas, Freddy, Siwal, Samarjeet Singh, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna, Socea, Bogdan, Soeberg, Matthew J, Sofi-mahmudi, Ahmad, Solomon, Yonatan, Soltani-zangbar, Mohammad Sadegh, Song, Suhang, Song, Yimeng, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soshnikov, Sergey, Sotoudeh, Houman, Sowe, Alieu, Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale, Suk, Ryan, Suleman, Muhammad, Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Rizwan, Sultana, Saima, Sur, Daniel, Szócska, Miklós, Tabaeian, Seidamir Pasha, Tabarés-seisdedos, Rafael, Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad, Tabuchi, Takahiro, Tadbiri, Hooman, Taheri, Ensiyeh, Taheri, Majid, Taheri Soodejani, Moslem, Takahashi, Ken, Talaat, Iman M, Tampa, Mircea, Tan, Ker-kan, Tat, Nathan Y, Tat, Vivian Y, Tavakoli, Ahmad, Tavakoli, Arash, Tehrani-banihashemi, Arash, Tekalegn, Yohannes, Tesfay, Fisaha Haile, Thapar, Rekha, Thavamani, Aravind, Thoguluva Chandrasekar, Viveksandeep, Thomas, Nihal, Thomas, Nikhil Kenny, Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera, Tiyuri, Amir, Tollosa, Daniel Nigusse, Topor-madry, Roman, Touvier, Mathilde, Tovani-palone, Marcos Roberto, Traini, Eugenio, Tran, Mai Thi Ngoc, Tripathy, Jaya Prasad, Ukke, Gebresilasea Gendisha, Ullah, Irfan, Ullah, Saif, Ullah, Sana, Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran, Vacante, Marco, Vaezi, Maryam, Valadan Tahbaz, Sahel, Valdez, Pascual R, Vardavas, Constantine, Varthya, Shoban Babu, Vaziri, Siavash, Velazquez, Diana Zuleika, Veroux, Massimiliano, Villeneuve, Paul J, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey Konstantinovitch, Vlassov, Vasily, Vo, Bay, Vu, Linh Gia, Wadood, Abdul Wadood, Waheed, Yasir, Walde, Mandaras Tariku, Wamai, Richard G, Wang, Cong, Wang, Fang, Wang, Ning, Wang, Yu, Ward, Paul, Waris, Abdul, Westerman, Ronny, Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana, Woldemariam, Melat, Woldu, Berhanu, Xiao, Hong, Xu, Suowen, Xu, Xiaoyue, Yadav, Lalit, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, Seyed Hossein, Yang, Lin, Yazdanpanah, Fereshteh, Yeshaw, Yigizie, Yismaw, Yazachew, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yousefi, Zabihollah, Yousefian, Fatemeh, Yu, Chuanhua, Yu, Yong, Yunusa, Ismaeel, Zahir, Mazyar, Zaki, Nazar, Zaman, Burhan Abdullah, Zangiabadian, Moein, Zare, Fariba, Zare, Iman, Zareshahrabadi, Zahra, Zarrintan, Armin, Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich, Zeineddine, Mohammad A, Zhang, Dongyu, Zhang, Jianrong, Zhang, Yunquan, Zhang, Zhi-jiang, Zhou, Linghui, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zoladl, Mohammad, Vos, Theo, Hay, Simon I, Force, Lisa M, Murray, Christopher J L, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM), and DCM - Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais

Subjects
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
Abstract

Funding: J A Loureiro reports support for the present manuscript from Scientific Employment Stimulus (FCT; CEECINST/00049/2018) as support to their salary and from UIDB/00511/2020 of the LEPABE, funded by national funds through the FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) as research support. BACKGROUND: Understanding the magnitude of cancer burden attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors is crucial for development of effective prevention and mitigation strategies. We analysed results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to inform cancer control planning efforts globally. METHODS: The GBD 2019 comparative risk assessment framework was used to estimate cancer burden attributable to behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. A total of 82 risk-outcome pairs were included on the basis of the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Estimated cancer deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019 and change in these measures between 2010 and 2019 are presented. FINDINGS: Globally, in 2019, the risk factors included in this analysis accounted for 4·45 million (95% uncertainty interval 4·01-4·94) deaths and 105 million (95·0-116) DALYs for both sexes combined, representing 44·4% (41·3-48·4) of all cancer deaths and 42·0% (39·1-45·6) of all DALYs. There were 2·88 million (2·60-3·18) risk-attributable cancer deaths in males (50·6% [47·8-54·1] of all male cancer deaths) and 1·58 million (1·36-1·84) risk-attributable cancer deaths in females (36·3% [32·5-41·3] of all female cancer deaths). The leading risk factors at the most detailed level globally for risk-attributable cancer deaths and DALYs in 2019 for both sexes combined were smoking, followed by alcohol use and high BMI. Risk-attributable cancer burden varied by world region and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with smoking, unsafe sex, and alcohol use being the three leading risk factors for risk-attributable cancer DALYs in low SDI locations in 2019, whereas DALYs in high SDI locations mirrored the top three global risk factor rankings. From 2010 to 2019, global risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 20·4% (12·6-28·4) and DALYs by 16·8% (8·8-25·0), with the greatest percentage increase in metabolic risks (34·7% [27·9-42·8] and 33·3% [25·8-42·0]). INTERPRETATION: The leading risk factors contributing to global cancer burden in 2019 were behavioural, whereas metabolic risk factors saw the largest increases between 2010 and 2019. Reducing exposure to these modifiable risk factors would decrease cancer mortality and DALY rates worldwide, and policies should be tailored appropriately to local cancer risk factor burden. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. publishersversion published

Published
2022

14. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Asymptomatic Plasmodium Infection in Gondar Zuria District, Northwest Ethiopia

Author

Minwuyelet, Awoke, Eshetu, Tegegne, Milikit, Dagnaneh, and Aschale, Yibeltal

Subjects
Infection and Drug Resistance, asymptomatic malaria, parasitic diseases, Ethiopia, Plasmodium infection, Gondar Zuria, Original Research
Abstract

Awoke Minwuyelet,1 Tegegne Eshetu,1 Dagnaneh Milikit,1 Yibeltal Aschale2 1Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 2Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Yibeltal AschaleCollege of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, EthiopiaTel +251922444340Email yibeltal.aschale@yahoo.comBackground: Malaria is one of the major public health problems worldwide. In Ethiopia, an increase in malaria incidence may be attributed to the presence of community-wide asymptomatic Plasmodium infection. This study aims to assess asymptomatic Plasmodium infection and associated factors in Gondar Zuria district, Northwest Ethiopia.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Gondar Zuria district from May to June 2019. Angacha and Hamsafeg villages were randomly selected from Tachtseda and Hamsafeg kebeles, respectively. Fifty-three (53) households were selected using systematic random sampling to recruit a total of 251 study participants. Sociodemographic data were collected using structured questionnaires. Thin and thick blood films were prepared and examined for evidence of parasites. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 23. The association between dependent (asymptomatic Plasmodium infection) and independent (sex, age group, family size and previous history of malaria) variables was explored using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. Statistically significant association was declared at a P-value of < 0.05.Results: A total of 251 individuals were tested, of whom 53.4% were females and 33.5% were above the age of 30 years. The prevalence of asymptomatic Plasmodium infection was 12%. The highest prevalence of malaria was observed in females (6.4%) and among the age group 15– 29 years (4.4%). The majority (70%) of study participants had < 500 parasites/μL of blood. A high parasitemia level (ie ≥ 1000 parasites/μL of blood) was observed in the age group 15– 29 years. Age group, bed net usage and previous history of malaria were significantly associated with asymptomatic Plasmodium infection (P< 0.05).Conclusion: Asymptomatic Plasmodium infection remains an important public health problem in the study area. Further studies using more sensitive diagnostic methods are required to scale up the eradication and control program of malaria.Keywords: asymptomatic malaria, Plasmodium infection, Gondar Zuria, Ethiopia

Published
2020

15. Intestinal Parasitic Infections Among Patients Who Visited Woldia Comprehensive Specialized Hospital’s Emergency Department Over a Six-Year Period, Woldia, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Study

Author

Rega,Solomon, Melese,Yimer, Geteneh,Alene, Kasew,Desie, Eshetu,Tegegne, Biset,Sirak, Rega,Solomon, Melese,Yimer, Geteneh,Alene, Kasew,Desie, Eshetu,Tegegne, and Biset,Sirak

Abstract

Solomon Rega,1 Yimer Melese,2 Alene Geteneh,3 Desie Kasew,4 Tegegne Eshetu,5 Sirak Biset4 1Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Woldia Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Woldia, Ethiopia; 2Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Dessie Health Science College, Dessie, Ethiopia; 3Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia; 4Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 5Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Sirak Biset, Tel +251 911-598-568, Email serbis33@gmail.comBackground: Despite ongoing intensive public health intervention efforts, intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) remain a major public health problem in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Having updated epidemiological data focusing on the top common IPIs that cause emergency visits is crucial for implementing area-specific and evidence-based intervention strategies. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of IPIs in Woldia Comprehensive Specialized Hospital’s (WCSH) emergency laboratory over a six-year period.Methods: An institutional-based retrospective study was conducted to assess the prevalence of IPIs over a six-year period (2014– 2019) using a recorded saline wet-mount stool sample examination result in the laboratory logbook at WCSH’s emergency department.Results: In this study, of the total of 11,281 clinically suspected individuals who were requested for stool sample examination, 3908 (34.6%) individuals were diagnosed with IPs. The majority of confirmed cases were caused by protozoan parasites (32.9%), followed by helminth infections (1.7%). A slight fluctuating trend in the prevalence of IPs was observed in the six-year study period, with the highest

Published
2022

16. Liver Enzymes and Lipid Profile of Malaria Patients Before and After Antimalarial Drug Treatment at Dembia Primary Hospital and Teda Health Center, Northwest, Ethiopia

Author

Megabiaw,Fentahun, Eshetu,Tegegne, Kassahun,Zeleke, Aemero,Mulugeta, Megabiaw,Fentahun, Eshetu,Tegegne, Kassahun,Zeleke, and Aemero,Mulugeta

Abstract

Fentahun Megabiaw,1 Tegegne Eshetu,1 Zeleke Kassahun,2 Mulugeta Aemero1 1Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 2College of Medicine and Health Sciences Comprehensive & Specialized Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Mulugeta Aemero, Email bmeskel@gmail.com; mulugeta.aemero@uog.edu.etBackground: Infection with malaria in humans involves liver cell destruction, which alters the levels of liver enzymes and lipid profiles. A number of studies have been conducted to address the impact of malaria on liver enzymes and lipid profiles but no studies were addressed after antimalarial treatment in Ethiopia. This study is intended to fill this gap.Methods: An observational cohort study was conducted at Dembia Primary Hospital and Teda Health Center, from June to August 2020. Eighty eight malaria infected study participants were recruited using random sampling techniques. Socio-demographic data, capillary and venous blood samples were collected. Assessment of liver enzymes and lipid profiles was done using Beckman Coulter DC-700 clinical chemistry analyzer. Data were entered using Epi-data and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. One way ANOVA, independent t-test, and paired t-test were used to compare the mean liver enzymes and lipid profile. p-value< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Before anti-malaria treatment, among 88 study participants, elevated AST (87.5%), ALT (12.5%), ALP (43.2%), and TG (17.2%) and lower HDL (87.5%) and normal LDL and TC were observed. After treatment, 100% AST, ALT, HDL, and LDL and 92% ALP, 94.3% TC, and 86.4% TG levels were in the normal range. The mean level of AST and ALT increased while HDL decreased from low to higher density parasitaemia. Mean level of AST was significantly lower while ALT did not alter. HDL, LDL, and TC level were increased but statistically

Published
2022

20. Prevalence, Infection Intensity and Associated Factors of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis Among School-Aged Children from Selected Districts in Northwest Ethiopia

Author

Zeleke,Ayalew Jejaw, Derso,Adane, Bayih,Abebe Genetu, Gilleard,John S, Eshetu,Tegegne, Zeleke,Ayalew Jejaw, Derso,Adane, Bayih,Abebe Genetu, Gilleard,John S, and Eshetu,Tegegne

Abstract

Ayalew Jejaw Zeleke,1 Adane Derso,1 Abebe Genetu Bayih,1,2 John S Gilleard,3 Tegegne Eshetu1 1Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 2Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 3Host-Parasite Interactions Program, Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, CanadaCorrespondence: Tegegne Eshetu Tel +251921738483Email tegegneeshetu5@gmail.comBackground: Globally, soil-transmitted helminths affect beyond a billion people and cause 1.9 million disability-adjusted life years worldwide. It affects children disproportionately due to their unaware activities like walking barefoot, playing with dirty objects that might be contaminated with feces. The control of soil-transmitted helminths principally relies on periodic deworming using either a single dose of albendazole/mebendazole. To assure the effectiveness of this measure, performing continuous parasitological survey is necessary. Herein, the prevalence, intensity and associated factors of soil-transmitted helminth infections were assessed among school-aged children in northwest Ethiopia.Methods: A cross-sectional study design was conducted among school-aged children (6– 14 years old) from January 21st to February 21st/2019. Multistage sampling technique was employed. A Kato-Katz concentration technique was utilized to detect STHs in stool samples. Moreover, risk factors for STH infections were assessed using well-structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the association between explanatory and the outcome variables. The magnitude of the association was measured using the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The overall STHs prevalence in this study was 32.3% (9

Published
2021

21. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Intestinal Helminths Among Kindergarten Children in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia

Author

Ayele,Abiy, Tegegne,Yalewayker, Derso,Adane, Eshetu,Tegegne, Zeleke,Ayalew Jejaw, Ayele,Abiy, Tegegne,Yalewayker, Derso,Adane, Eshetu,Tegegne, and Zeleke,Ayalew Jejaw

Abstract

Abiy Ayele,1 Yalewayker Tegegne,2 Adane Derso,2 Tegegne Eshetu,2 Ayalew Jejaw Zeleke2 1Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 2Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Adane DersoCollege of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, EthiopiaTel +251930716000Email adanedm77@gmail.comBackground: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are small organisms that infect the gastro-intestinal tract of human beings. Causes malnutrition, iron deficiency anemia, impairment of physical and mental development in children. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminthiasis and associated factors among Kindergarten (KG) children in Gondar Town, northwest Ethiopia.Methods: Institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 390 Kindergarten children in Gondar town, Northwest, Ethiopia from March to May 2019. Study subjects were selected using systematic random sampling method. Data were gathered through direct interview by using a pretested questionnaire. Stool specimens were collected and examined using Kato Katz technique. Chi square was used to assess the association between variables and p-value less than 0.05 was taken as a statistical significance.Results: The overall prevalence of intestinal helminthiasis was 16.7%, while those of participants infected by soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) and intestinal Schistosomiasis were 13.8% and 5.9%, respectively. Ascaris lumbricoides was the predominant STHs (9%) followed by Trichuris trichiura (2.3%) and hookworm (1.5%). Light infection was observed in almost all of the infected study participants. Intestinal helminthiasis was found to be significantly associated with age, KG level of children, maternal occupation

Published
2021

26. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Asymptomatic Plasmodium Infection in Gondar Zuria District, Northwest Ethiopia

Author

Minwuyelet,Awoke, Eshetu,Tegegne, Milikit,Dagnaneh, Aschale,Yibeltal, Minwuyelet,Awoke, Eshetu,Tegegne, Milikit,Dagnaneh, and Aschale,Yibeltal

Abstract

Awoke Minwuyelet,1 Tegegne Eshetu,1 Dagnaneh Milikit,1 Yibeltal Aschale2 1Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; 2Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Yibeltal AschaleCollege of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, EthiopiaTel +251922444340Email yibeltal.aschale@yahoo.comBackground: Malaria is one of the major public health problems worldwide. In Ethiopia, an increase in malaria incidence may be attributed to the presence of community-wide asymptomatic Plasmodium infection. This study aims to assess asymptomatic Plasmodium infection and associated factors in Gondar Zuria district, Northwest Ethiopia.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Gondar Zuria district from May to June 2019. Angacha and Hamsafeg villages were randomly selected from Tachtseda and Hamsafeg kebeles, respectively. Fifty-three (53) households were selected using systematic random sampling to recruit a total of 251 study participants. Sociodemographic data were collected using structured questionnaires. Thin and thick blood films were prepared and examined for evidence of parasites. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 23. The association between dependent (asymptomatic Plasmodium infection) and independent (sex, age group, family size and previous history of malaria) variables was explored using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. Statistically significant association was declared at a P-value of < 0.05.Results: A total of 251 individuals were tested, of whom 53.4% were females and 33.5% were above the age of 30 years. The prevalence of asymptomatic Plasmodium infection was 12%. The highest prevalence of malaria was observed in females (6.4%) and among the age group 15– 29 years (

Published
2020

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