Search

Abstract Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) employs multiple mechanisms, such as phagocytosis and autophagy, to evade innate immune clearance and establish infection. In the present study, we identified the ESX-1 secretion-associated protein EspL, which promotes Mtb survival by inhibiting phagosome maturation and autophagy initiation. EspL knockout decreased Mtb intracellular survival, while EspL overexpression increased bacterial survival by interfering with phagocytosis and autophagy. EspL interacts with ULK1 and promotes its phosphorylation at Ser757, leading to the inhibition of autophagy initiation. Additionally, overexpression of EspL reduced antigen presentation and T-cell responses both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings revealed that EspL interferes with autophagy and antigen presentation by suppressing ULK1 activation. These insights provide a novel understanding of Mtb pathogenicity.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) employs multiple mechanisms, such as phagocytosis and autophagy, to evade innate immune clearance and establish infection. In the present study, we identified the ESX-1 secretion-associated protein EspL, which promotes Mtb survival by inhibiting phagosome maturation and autophagy initiation. EspL knockout decreased Mtb intracellular survival, while EspL overexpression increased bacterial survival by interfering with phagocytosis and autophagy. EspL interacts with ULK1 and promotes its phosphorylation at Ser757, leading to the inhibition of autophagy initiation. Additionally, overexpression of EspL reduced antigen presentation and T-cell responses both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings revealed that EspL interferes with autophagy and antigen presentation by suppressing ULK1 activation. These insights provide a novel understanding of Mtb pathogenicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Each year, millions of people worldwide suffer from urinary tract infections (UTIs), which are the second most common type of infection in the human body. An infection of the urinary tract (UTI) affects the urinary bladder, kidneys, and\ or urethra. In order to eliminate the urine from the body, it passes through these organs. However, most UTIs are caused by the uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia, making treatment more difficult. Recurrent UTIs can be effectively treated with long-term antibiotics; however, they can have several adverse side effects, and sometimes they may generate antibiotic-resistant strains. Due to these downsides, alternative remedies based on plant extracts are increasingly being considered for the prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections, particularly in the context of a synergistic antibiotic strategy. There are many medicinal benefits of the pomegranate (Punica granatum) plant that makes it to be known as a wonder fruit. Pomegranates are the predominant species that belong to the family Lythraceae. Due to its extensive range of bioactive compounds, the diverse parts of this P. granatum plant exhibit significant pharmacological activities. The bioactive compounds of this plant have been shown to possess several antioxidants; anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anti-atherosclerotic, and many other biological effects. Consequently, the purpose of this review was to highlight the inhibitory potential of P. granatum extracts on E. coli and K. pneumonia pathogens, to be used in the effective management of UTIs.

In this study, a SYBR Green quantitative real-time PCR method was established and applied. Relative expression of the synthetic genes from Microcystis gas vesicles (gvpC), algal toxin genes (mcyA), and polysaccharides (espL) from water and sediments of Meiliang Bay and from the center of Lake Taihu were tested from January to June, 2017. Indoor Microcystis aeruginosa was used as the control group. The kit for total RNA extraction in Microcystis was optimized. Results showed that the optimized kit extracted high-concentrations and high-quality total RNA from Microcystis. The extraction purity and concentration were significantly higher than those extracted by the original kit. The transcription level of gvpC increased gradually until a peak was reached in March. However, expression of gvpC decreased continuously at the proliferating and floating stages of Cyanobacterial biomass. The maximum level of expression of gvpC in April in comparison to expression of mcyA in March occurred first. We found that the SYBR Green qRT-PCR method, which is characterized by high specificity, repeatability, is rapid, and can be used for quantitative detection of expression of gvpC, mcyA, and espL. The recruitment of cyanobacteria is the process in which cyanobacteria in the sediment began to regain their activity, started to grow and migrated to the water column.

This study aims to detection antibiotic resistance gene in Acenitobacter bumannii isolates collected from different diseases. It was included 276 specimens collected from different sources including patient suffer from burn, wound, upper respiratory tract inflammation, urinary tract inflammation, osteocytes, endocarditis and blood infection. 52 of these isolates belonged to italic pleas which have been identified through several laboratory tests including the morphology characterizes, biochemical, API 20 E and VITK -2 compact system technique. The distribution of isolates was burn (34.6%), wound (28.8%), urine (19.2), blood (9.6%), sputum (5.7%), plural fluid and CSF (1.9%). The molecular study revealed that A. baumannii have the gene of ESBL, oxacillance and MBLs bla OXA like 51, bla OXA like 24, bla PER, bla TEM is (94%, 89%, 84%, 96%) respectively also the gene aadA and aadB is (76% and 84%) respectively fluroquinolone gyrA (66%) and finally all isolates have the gene bla TEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article the author discusses the Open Access agenda for the 2014 issue of the periodical "Earth Surface Processes & Landforms" (ESPL). According to the author, Open Access is an alternative way of paying for the costs of publishing, wherein authors freely sign their work to publishers. The author says that the ESPL board feels that "pay-to-submit" involves considerable risks for authors, and "pay-after-acceptance" is a much fairer model for authors.