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Alpha1-antitrypsin (A1AT) is an anti-inflammatory mediator with antiprotease activity associated with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in various inflammatory conditions. A1AT deficiency (A1ATD) has been associated with various hyperinflammatory diseases, such as lung disease (emphysema and bronchiectasis), liver disease (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatoma), and skin diseases (panniculitis). Migraine with aura is one of the common migraine subtypes associated with neuroimmunologic activation and neuroinflammation which is associated with cortical spreading depression and glial hyperinflammation in etioradiopathogenesis, and the main mechanisms explained so far are hyperinflammation of pro-inflammatory mediators, sensitivity of trigeminal nerve fibers and pain-conjugated glial cells activation. In this case report, a causative perspective of migraine with aura and A1ATD was presented through etioradiopathogenetics mechanisms that show the central reflections of systemic hyperinflammatory processes, and the importance of peripheral hyperinflammatory conditions in migraine etiology was examined.

INTRODUCTION: Pica is one of the symptoms of iron deficiency and a pathology that exacerbates the condition. In this study, we sought to identify the biomarkers associated with pica in iron-deficient patients. METHODS: The study included female iron deficient clinic applicants from April 2021 to August 2022. The main iron deficit inclusion criterion was ferritin

Bu çalışmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinin deprem algılarını metafor analizi yoluyla incelemektir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden biri olan fenomenoloji araştırma deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını, Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi'nde bulunan bir kamu üniversitesinde öğrenim gören öğrenciler oluşturmuştur ve toplamda 96 kişi araştırmaya katılım sağlamıştır. Araştırma verileri görüşme formu yoluyla, "Deprem... gibidir, çünkü..." ifadesiyle toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre, katılımcılar tarafından depreme yönelik olarak toplamda 84 geçerli metafor üretilmiştir. Araştırmada, öğrencilerin genellikle olumsuz metaforlar ürettiği tespit edilmiştir. Katılımcıların ürettikleri metaforlar; korku, ölüm, yıkım, kayıp, terkedilme, sarsıntı ve inancı hatırlatan bir kavram olmak üzere toplamda yedi kavramsal kategori altında gruplandırılmıştır.

This study aimed to compare tissue levels of CD80 (pro-inflammatory macrophage-related surface marker), CD163, and CD206 (anti-inflammatory macrophage-related surface markers), and their ratios in periodontal and peri-implant health and disease. Altogether, 36 tissue samples were obtained from 36 participants with clinically healthy gingiva (n = 10), healthy peri-implant mucosa (n = 8), periodontitis lesions (n = 9), and peri-implantitis lesions (n = 9). CD80, CD163, and CD206 levels were assessed with immunoblotting. CD163 levels were found to be decreased (p = 0.004), and the CD80/CD163 ratio was found to be elevated (p = 0.002) in periodontitis lesions compared to healthy gingiva. Peri-implantitis lesions showed a tendency towards a higher CD80/CD163 ratio than in healthy peri-implant mucosa with a borderline difference (p = 0.054). No statistically significant difference was detected in CD80, CD163, and CD206 levels of periodontitis lesions when compared to peri-implantitis, and in healthy gingiva when compared to healthy peri-implant mucosa. A disruption in CD80/CD163 balance seems to be related to the pathogenesis of periodontitis and peri-implantitis, being less prominent in the latter. The reason behind this phenomenon may be either suppressed CD163 expression or reduced CD163+ anti-inflammatory macrophage abundance.

Objective: Posterior circulation ischaemic strokes (PCIs) are a clinical syndrome associated with ischemia related to stenosis, in situ thrombosis, or embolic occlusion of the posterior circulation and differ from anterior circulation ischaemic strokes (ACIs) in many aspects. In this study, ACIs and PCIs were evaluated in terms of clinico-radiological and demographic aspects, and the relevance of objective scales to early disability and mortality was investigated. Methods: The definition of ACIS or PCIS was classified according to the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP). There are mainly two groups divided into ACIs and PCIs. ACIs were included as total anterior circulation syndrome (TACS), partial anterior circulation syndrome (PACS) (right and left), and lacunar syndrome (LACS) (right and left), and PCIs were posterior circulation syndrome (POCS) (right and left). Arrival NIH Stroke Scale/Score (NIHSS) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores were evaluated in clinical assessment and modified SOAR Score for Stroke (mSOAR) was for early mortality-based scale prediction. All data were compared, and mean, IQR (if applicable) values and ROC curve analysis were determined. Results: A total of 100 AIS patients, 50 of whom were ACIs and 50 were PCIs, were included in the study and were evaluated within the first 24 h. Hypertension was the most common disease for both groups. The second most common was hyperlipidemia (82%) in the ACIs and diabetes mellitus (40%) in the PCIs. The frequency of right hemisphere ischemia was higher in ACIs (63.6%) and PCIs (48%). The mean NIHSS and GCS score (also median IQR) was higher in the right ACIs and the highest NIHSS mean was in the right partial anterior circulation syndrome (PACS) (respectively median (IQR): 9.5 (13) and median (IQR):14.5 (3)). The mean NIHSS and GCS score of bilateral posterior circulation syndrome (POCS) were the highest in PCIs (median (IQR):3 (17), (IQR):15 (4) respectively). The mSOAR mean was the highest in the right PACS in ACIs (median (IQR):2.5 (2)) and in bilateral POCs among PCIs (median(IQR):2(2)). Conclusion: The association of PCIs with hyperlipidemia and the male gender was interpreted, and anterior infarcts were found to cause higher early clinical disability scores. The NIHSS scale was effective and reliable, especially in anterior acute strokes, but also emphasized the necessity of using the GCS assessment together in the first 24 h in the assessment of PCIs. mSOAR scale is a helpful predictor in estimating early mortality not only in ACIs but also in PCIs, similar to GCS.

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging pandemic disease with high morbidity and mortality. The area primarily affected in COVID-19 is the pulmonary system, where the most destructive effect occurs. Symptoms range from asymptomatic illness to mild-to-moderate (mild pneumonia), severe (dyspnea, hypoxia), and critical illness symptoms (acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, shock, or multiorgan system dysfunction) in patients with COVID-19. Neurological manifestations, such as acute ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, conscious disturbance, febrile seizures, convulsions, mental status change, and encephalitis are observed in severe patients. Mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with reversible splenial (MERS) lesions is a clinicoradiological diagnosis that is associated with a prominent reversible lesion in the corpus callosum (SCC) splenium, infectious agent, and mild encephalopathy. In this case report, the key clinical and radiological features of MERS were highlighted in an adult patient presented to the emergency department with nausea, vomiting, and unconsciousness and admitted to the neurology clinic due to diffusion restriction in the SCC splenium.

The one-pot reaction of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI) with epoxides having phenyl, benzyl and fused cyclic alkyl groups in different solvents under mild reaction conditions without additives and catalysts was studied. Oxazolidinones and five-membered cyclic carbonates were obtained in ratios close to 1:1 in the cyclization reactions. The best yields of these compounds were obtained in dichloromethane (DCM). Together with 16 known compounds, two novel oxazolidinone derivatives and two novel cyclic carbonates were synthesized with an efficient and straightforward method. Compared to the existing methods, the synthetic approach presented here provides the following distinct advantageous: being a one-pot reaction with metal-free reagent, having shorter reaction times, good yields and a very simple purification method. Moreover, using the density functional theory (DFT) method at the M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory the mechanism of the cycloaddition reactions has been elucidated. The further investigation of the potential energy surfaces associated with two possible channels leading to oxazolidinones and five-membered cyclic carbonates disclosed that the cycloaddition reaction proceeds via an asynchronous concerted mechanism in gas phase and in DCM.

Urticaria, also known colloquially as hives, is a vascular reaction characterized by itchy, edematous plaques and papules, which develops by immunological or non-immunological mechanisms after the exposure to a triggering stimulant. Painless and itchy lesions that blanch upon pressure and fade spontaneously within 48 hours are the characteristic feature of the condition. In the case of urticarial vasculitis, on the other hand, the plaques, which last for at least 24 hours and present with burning, pain, and itching, leave a pigmentation behind when fading, and exhibit the histopathological characteristics of leukoclastic vasculitis. Urticarial vasculitis, which constitutes 5-20% of all chronic urticaria cases, is more common in the fourth decade of life and women.

Atıksu arıtma tesislerinin işletilmesi sırasında bir yan ürün olarak açığa çıkan arıtma çamurlarının uygun arıtma proseslerinden geçirilerek insan sağlığı ve çevreye herhangi bir olumsuz etkisi olmaksızın bertaraf edilmeleri gerekmektedir. Uygun özelliğe sahip arıtma çamurlarının tarımsal amaçlı kullanılması tarımsal üretimde verimliliği arttıran bir bertaraf yöntemidir. Bu çalışmada süt endüstrisi atıksu arıtma tesisinden temin edilen ve yaklaşık %6 oranında katı madde içeren çürütülmüş çamur örneğinin topraktaki azot prosesleri açısından tarımsal amaçlı kullanım potansiyelinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda 50 ton/ha, 100 ton/ha ve 200 ton/ha dozlarında çürütülmüş çamur uygulanan toprak örnekleri 45 gün boyunca 28°C’de karanlıkta inkübe edilmiştir. Belirli periyotlarla alınan toprak örneklerinde toplam azot, amonyum azotu, nitrat azotu konsantrasyonları ile birlikte toprak kalitesini belirlemede yaygın olarak kullanılan üreaz aktivitesi, arginin amonifikasyon hızı ve nitrifikasyon potansiyeli değerleri takip edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler çürütülmüş çamur dozunun artması ile birlikte toprak örneklerinin toplam azot, amonyum azotu ve nitrat azotu konsantrasyonlarının arttığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca üreaz aktivitesi, arginin amonifikasyon hızı ve nitrifikasyon potansiyeli değerlerinin benzer bir eğilimde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Farklı dozlarda çürütülmüş çamur uygulanan toprak örneklerinde amonifikasyon prosesinin nitrifikasyon prosesine göre daha baskın olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Süt ürünleri endüstrisinden temin edilen ve yaklaşık %6 oranında katı madde içeren çürütülmüş çamurun Mekanik Ayırma, Biyokurutma ve Biyometanizasyon Tesisleri ile Fermente Ürün Yönetimi Tebliği’ndeki diğer şartları yerine getirmek kaydı ile azot prosesleri bakımından tarımsal verimliliği arttırmak için kullanılan azotlu gübrelere alternatif olarak değerlendirilebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Amaç: Sağlıklı yaşam biçimi, kişinin sağlığını etkileyebilecek davranışlarını kontrol edebilmesi, günlük aktivitelerini düzenlerken kendi sağlık durumuna uygun davranışları seçmesi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, hemşirelik ve tıp eğitimi gören üniversite öğrencilerinin sağlığı geliştirme davranışlarının değerlendirilmesi ve bu davranışları etkileyen sosyodemografik özelliklerin saptanmasıdır. Materyal ve Metot: Bu araştırma kesitsel tipte bir araştırma olup, araştırmanın evrenini Yıldırım Beyazıt Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesinde ve Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Hemşirelik Bölümünde okuyan toplamda 1367 öğrenci oluşturdu. Örneklem seçimi için tabakalı örnekleme yöntemi kullanıldı. Veriler, sosyodemografik özellikler için oluşturulan bir anket formu ve Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışları-II (SYBD-II) ölçeği aracılığıyla Mart -Mayıs 2016 tarihleri arasında toplandı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya 283 tıp öğrencisi, 251 hemşirelik öğrencisi olmak üzere toplamda 534 kişi dahil edildi. Yaş ortancası 21,50 yıl (min-max 19-24) olarak saptandı. Çalışmaya katılan bireylerin %26,78’ i (n=143) erkek, %73,22’ si (n=391) kadındı. SYBD-II ölçeği puan ortalaması 130,00 ± 17,62 olarak saptandı. En yüksek puanın tinsellik (manevi gelişim), en düşük puanın fiziksel aktivite alt ölçeğinden alındığı saptandı. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin genel ölçek, sağlık sorumluluğu, beslenme, kişilerarası ilişki puanlarının tıp öğrencilerinden anlamlı olarak daha yüksek olduğu saptandı(p

This study was carried out for the determination of nutrient and bioactive substance contents of edible wild plants consumed as vegetables in Samsun's Salıpazarı district during September 2014 and August 2016 period. In the selected villages from identified locations, 11 species that naturally grow and are consumed as vegetables such as Alcea apterocarpa Boiss., Rumex crispus L., Urtica dioica L., Trachystemon orientalis L., Oenanthe pimpinelloides L., Smilax excelsa L., Capsella bursa-pastoris L., Aegopodium podagraria L., Arum italicum Miller, Ornithogalum sigmoideum Freyn et. Sint. and Amaranthus retroflexus L. have been identified. Protein, proline, free amino acid, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, lipid peroxidation level (MDA), glucose, sucrose, total soluble carbohydrate, chlorophyll, total carotenoids, β-carotene, lycopene, flavonoids, and anthocyanins contents of these plants were determined as 32.79–106.40 mg/g dry weight (DW), 5.71–47.66 µmol/g DW, 29.62–61.75 µg/g DW, 82.75–240.06 IU/mg protein, 106.36–531.05 µmol/g DW, 31.96–87.24 mg/100 g DW, 10.97–25.49 mg/100 g DW, 174.3–422.2 mg/100 g DW, 7.79–25.96 mg/100 g DW, 102.01–436.93 µg/100 g DW, 115.86–459.64 µg/100 g DW, 6.38–30.28 mg/100 g DW and 10.17–21.52 mg/100 g DW, respectively. As a result of the analyses, it was determined that there were significant differences (P < 0.01) in terms of all parameters examined among species.

Purpose: We aimed to evaluate frequency of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) use among hospitalized patients in a psychiatry clinic of university hospital and to determine the diagnostic, socioodemographic features of these ECT treated patients retrospectively.Material and Method: Of 759 inpatients, 32 who was treated with ECT in psychiatry clinic of Ministery of Health – Ordu University Training and Research Hospital were included in the study. The data evaluated in the study were obtained from patient files retrospectively. Results: Among the 32 (4.21%) patients treated with ECT, 23 (71.9%) were male with a mean age of 44.4 and 9 (28.1%) were female with a mean age of 44.5. The mean hospitization time was 28,7 days in male patients whereas it was 38.33 days in female patients. The mean number of ECT sessions was 9.4 for males and 9.8 for females. Conclusion: ECT treatment was performed in 4.24 % of the patients in our clinic for the past 5.5 years. Although the application is restricted because of false beliefs and prejudiced opinions, ECT is a reliable treatment method with very low risk of serious complications. New methods should be implemented for healthy acknowledgment to overcome these opinions and beliefs about ECT.

Objective. To study pitavastatin’s effects on nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB ) and adhesion molecules in human saphenous vein graft endothelial culture indicating its pleotropic properties. Materials and Method. Low-dose (0.1 μM/L) and high-dose (1μM/L) pitavastatin calcium were administered as a frontline therapy in human saphenous endothelial cell culture, followed by induction of inflammation by TNF-α and determination of mRNA level alterations of ICAM-1 and NF-κB genes of endothelial cells using the qRT-PCR method. Additionally, immunofluorescence method was used to show the expression of NF-κB and ICAM-1. Finally, LDH levels were determined by the ELISA method to quantify cytotoxicity. Results. ICAM-1 mRNA expression in the low-dose pitavastatin+TNF-α group was significantly higher than that in the TNF-α group and significantly lower than that in the high-dose pitavastatin+TNF-α group (for all comparisons, P = 0.001). The low-dose pitavastatin+TNF-α group had a similar NF-κB mRNA expression with TNF-α and high-dose pitavastatin+TNF-α groups. Conclusion. Pitavastatin increases ICAM-1 mRNA expression in saphenous vein endothelial cells. Furthermore, the effect of pitavastatin on adhesion molecules appears independent of NF-κB. Novel studies are needed in this field.

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between the epicardial adipose tissue thickness (EATT) and serum IL-17A level insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome patients. This study enrolled a total of 160 subjects, of whom 80 were consecutive patients who applied to our outpatient clinic and were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome, and the other 80 were consecutive patients who were part of the control group with similar age and demographics in whom the metabolic syndrome was excluded. The metabolic syndrome diagnosis was made according to International Diabetes Federation (IDF)-2005 criteria. EATT was measured with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in the subjects. IL-17A serum levels were determined using the ELISA method. Fasting blood glucose, HDL, triglyceride, and fasting insulin levels were significantly higher in the metabolic syndrome group compared to the control group. In addition, the metabolic syndrome group had significantly higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and Homeostatic Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) levels than the control group. Similarly, serum IL-17A levels were significantly elevated in the metabolic syndrome group compared to the control group statistically (p < 0.001). As well, EATT was higher in the metabolic syndrome than the control group. Conclusion: By virtue of their proinflammatory properties, EATT and IL-17 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome.

Objective: We aimed to compare the levels of plasma zonulin, a non-invasive biomarker of increased intestinal permeability, between pregnant subjects, with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), at 24–28 gestational weeks. The eighty-five consecutive pregnant subjects that presented to our hospital’s obstetrics outpatient clinic and were diagnosed with GDM, for the first time by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), formed the GDM group; 90 consecutive subjects that were not diagnosed with GDM by OGTT, formed the control group. The diagnosis of GDM was made by an OGTT performed between the 24th and 28th weeks of gestation, and in compliance with the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. Plasma zonulin levels were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. The Plasma zonulin level was significantly higher in the GDM group than the control group (p < 0.001). A correlation analysis showed that plasma zonulin level was positively correlated to body mass index (BMI), creatinine, fasting plasma glucose, baseline, first hour, and two hours glucose levels and the OGTT, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Our findings suggest that zonulin may be a non-invasive biomarker involved in the pathogenesis of GDM. Further large-scale studies are needed on this subject.

The risk for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus significantly increases in the patient population with metabolic syndrome (MeS). The present study aimed to investigate the association between the epicardial adipose tissue thickness (EATT) and the oxidative stress parameters in MeS patients. The study included 181 patients as a patient group of 92 consecutive patients with MeS and a control group of 89 consecutive patients with similar age and gender. EATT was evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography. Serum levels of total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidative capacity (TAS), paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), and arylesterase activities were measured. EATT was higher in the MeS group compared to the control group (6.0 ± 2.0 mm and 4.0 ± 1.0 mm, resp.; P

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Objective: Although women comprise nearly half of medical school graduates globally, female orthopedic surgeons in many countries, including Turkey, represent less than 10% of all orthopedists. However, the number of female orthopedic residents is increasing in Turkey. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess and compare the experiences of female orthopedic surgeons in Turkey with their male counterparts, focusing on workplace challenges and surgical inclinations.Methods: A survey was conducted among 110 age-matched orthopedic surgeons (54 females, 56 males). Of the 81 female orthopedic surgeons in Turkey, 54 participated in the study. The demographic data, career satisfaction, experiences of mobbing, surgical interests, and dynamics with colleagues were examined. Ethical approval was obtained.Results: The study included residents and specialists with a mean age of 35.08±8.94 years. The largest pre-residency prejudice for women was mobbing, while for men, it was long working hours (P =.001). The most significant challenge for both genders halfway through residency was long working hours (P =.453). Women reported higher career satisfaction (67.4%) compared to men (58.9%). No significant difference was found between the genders in respect of the incidence of experiencing mobbing at least once in their professional lives (P = .714) Conclusion: Mobbing is a significant issue, particularly for women in surgery, although long working hours affect both genders the most. However, the female surgeons reported experiencing more prejudice from colleagues than was reported by men, highlighting the importance of gender equity in the workplace.