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From the 18th International Symposium on Dental Morphology 3rd Congress of the International Association for Paleodontology When performing high-resolution replicas, there are a large several options of casting materials depending on the techniques used for analysis. In this contribution we will address casting materials aimed to the reconstruction of 3D virtual models using a high-resolution surface scanning system. For acquiring the 3D model, we use an intraoral scanner i500 Medit (Staumann Group), designed for dentistry. It is capable of accurately record the surface with a precision of 3.2 microns ± 0.49. Transparent epoxy resins are the most commonly material used, which must be coated with talcum powder or ammonium chloride fog providing an opaque appearance that allow scanning, obstructing the posterior use of the replicas with other methodologies, for example, microwear analysis. Another practice is to use dental stone which allow a fast and low-cost replication but a poor performance regarding reproduction of the details. With an increase of accuracy and trueness in scanning, we are needing more reliable materials than can replicate the details preserved on the mold. Polyurethane resins have been demonstrated to have great precision (i.e., dental microwear), and are low-cost compared to epoxy resins. We tested four different types, based on their curation time from few minutes to 2-3 hours. The performance under the scanner was similar in all cases. The process of producing the replica is what separate them. Polyurethane generates an exothermic reaction while curing, and the fastest the process is, the highest temperatures are reached, to the point of even damaging the molds, erasing some of its details. If the resin cures within 2-3 hours, no damage has been observed on the mold, and it can be re-casted without appreciating any difference. The advantages of using this material over epoxy resin are the low-cost, excellent reproduction of the details also allowing studies on morphology, analyses with optical microscopes, SEM, etc., This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 891529. Book of Abstracts published in the Bulletin of the International Association for Paleodontology www.paleodontology.com

The BB specimen is an upper right canine belonging to a male of the primate M. sylvanus. The agreement among the qualitative characteristics of the tooth and the chronology of the site suggest its identification as M. sylvanus cf. florentina, although the lack of consensus on the validity of the proposed subspecies and the large biometric overlap do not allow certainty of this subspecific assignment. Macaca cf. sylvanus fossils are known across Iberia and throughout Europe in the Pliocene and Pleistocene, mainly in warmer intervals. Data suggest that the species is limited to areas that are more southern in colder phases, whereas in warm phases, this taxon could extend its distribution further north. Predation by carnivore species is likely, while interaction with early humans is less definite., This research has been funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion, PID2021-122356NB-I00. D.F. is supported by the Ayuda del Programa de Formacion de Profesorado Universitario (FPU20/03389) and is a Ph.D. student at the Programa de Doctorado en Biología at the Universidad Complutense de Madrid. A.E. is supported by H2020-MSCA-IF project No. 891529 (3DFOSSILDIET). A.P. is supported by the LATEUROPE project (Grantagreement ID 101052653) that has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s HORIZON1.1 research program. The Barranc de la Boella fieldwork is supported by the Ajuntament de la Canonja and Departament de Cultura of Generalitat de Catalunya (ARQ001SOL-186-2022). The Institut Catala de Paleoecologia Humana i Evoluci o Social (IPHES- CERCA) has received financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the ‘María de Maeztu’ program for Units of Excellence (CEX2019-000945-M)., With funding from the Spanish government through the "Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence" accreditation CEX2019-000945-M.

El Mirón cave in Northern Spain is a deeply stratified archaeological site covering periods from the Middle Paleolithic to the Middle Ages. Here, we present the analysis of occlusal molar microwear textures of the Lower Magdalenian human individual, an adult female called “Red Lady” as the skeletal remains were covered in red ochre, dated directly to 15.460 ± 40 BP (uncal.). Microwear textures were characterized on the facet 9 of the lower left permanent first molar, using white-light confocal profilometry and scale-sensitive fractal analysis. The results obtained (Asfc 1.208, epLsar 0.0051) indicate a diet rich in meat for the “Red Lady” as the microwear signature variables retrieved are similar to those known for the Fueguians, ethnographically documented meat-eaters from cold-steppe environments. These results corroborate and complement those obtained previously through isotope analysis, buccal dental wear and faunal remains, implying a wide exploitation of the environment by this woman, and probably by her group. The variables obtained were compared to previous published data for Upper Paleolithic Modern Humans based on their technological context. The low value obtained for Asfc indicate this individual had a diet with low content of abrasives (both dietary or extraneous), different as expected for a Magdalenian individual, and closer to the Gravettian mean value, maybe due to similar use of food preparation techniques., This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 891529. Published: American Journal of Biological Anthropology Volume 177, Program of the 91st Annual Meeting of the American Association of Biological Anthropologists.

RESUMEN: En el singular yacimiento de El Sidrón se han producido una impactante serie de acontecimientos relacionados con las actividades y comportamientos de la especie neandertal, integradas en unos procesos del medio físico peculiares, sazonadas con la proximidad de la mejor materia prima silícea asturiana, y con un peculiar encadenamiento de situaciones expeditivas y rápidas. Todo ello integrado en una investigación interdisciplinar. ABSTRACT: At the unique site of El Sidrón there have been an impressive series of events related to the activities and behaviors of the Neandertal species, integrated into peculiar environmental processes, seasoned with the proximity of the best Asturian siliceous raw material, and with a peculiar chain of expeditious and fast situations. All this integrated into an interdisciplinary investigation.

RESUMEN: En el singular yacimiento de El Sidrón se han producido una impactante serie de acontecimientos relacionados con las actividades y comportamientos de la especie neandertal, integradas en unos procesos del medio físico peculiares, sazonadas con la proximidad de la mejor materia prima silícea asturiana, y con un peculiar encadenamiento de situaciones expeditivas y rápidas. Todo ello integrado en una investigación interdisciplinar. ABSTRACT: At the unique site of El Sidrón there have been an impressive series of events related to the activities and behaviors of the Neandertal species, integrated into peculiar environmental processes, seasoned with the proximity of the best Asturian siliceous raw material, and with a peculiar chain of expeditious and fast situations. All this integrated into an interdisciplinary investigation.

The use of "teeth as tools" (non-masticatory or cultural-related dental wear) has largely been employed as a proxy for studying of past human behavior, mainly in permanent dentition from adult individuals. Here we present the analysis of the non-masticatory dental wear modifications on the deciduous dentition assigned to eight Neanderthal and anatomically modern human subadult individuals from Mousterian to Magdalenian technocultural contexts in the Cantabrian region (Northern Spain). Although preliminary, we tentatively suggest that these eight subadults present activity-related dental wear, including cultural striations, chipped enamel, toothpick grooves, and subvertical grooves. We also found evidence of habitual dental hygienic practices in the form of toothpicking on a deciduous premolar. Orientation of the cultural striations indicates similar handedness development as in modern children. Taken together, these dental wear patterns support the participation of young individuals in group activities, making them potential contributors to group welfare. This study potentially adds new evidence to the importance of the use of the mouth in paramasticatory activities or as a third hand throughout the Pleistocene, which can be confirmed with a more specific reference sample. We thank the curators at the following museums for providing access to the collections: Museo de Arqueología de Asturias (Las Caldas and Tito Bustillo), Museo de Prehistoria y Arqueología de Cantabria (El Castillo) and Arkeologi Museoa (Santa Catalina and Axlor).We are very grateful to the Editors-in-Chief (David Alba and Clément Zanolli), the Associate Editor, and reviewers for their comments and suggestions, which greatly improved the quality of this paper. A.E. was beneficiary of a Juan de la Cierva-Formación Postdoctoral Fellowship (grant number FJCI-2016-30122). Partial aspects of this research have been founded by SUBSILIENCE ERCProject (ERCEA-; grant agreement No. 818299), ABRUPT project (HAR2017-84997-P Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities) and Santander Bank within the program of Santander Talent Attraction for Research (STAR1) to A.B.M.A., and H2020- MSCA-IF project No. 891529 (3DFOSSILDIET) to A.E. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 891529

In this article, simplified and easy-to-work-with equations for the Lambert W-function are derived. This function is widely used to solve equations related to photovoltaic systems. More specifically, this mathematical function represents a useful tool when modeling solar cells/panels performance (that is, the current-voltage curve) by analytical approaches. However, the Lambert W-function has a complex solving process which might represent an unaffordable mathematical challenge for a great number of professionals/technicians in the photovoltaic industrial sector. Simple approximations for the Lambert W-function on both of its branches (positive and negative) are proposed in this article. The results of the present article show a simple but accurate way for photovoltaic systems modeling, even when these systems comprise a maximum power point tracking subsystem.