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Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Cardiología (18855857) is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resveratrol (RES) and quercetine (QRC), is a promising agent relevant for both cancer chemoprevention and treatment via several signaling pathways, involved in their anticancer activity related to its chemotherapeutic potential, associated with the induction of ROS generation in cancer cells, leading to apoptosis. In our study, we have summarized the mechanisms of action of RES and QRC, and their pharmacological implications and potential therapeutic applications in cancer therapy. After treatment of Hep 2 cells with QRC or RES, the death pathways such as the cytochrome c release, ERK1/2 and IRS-1 pathways were upregulated, while cell survival pathway, including PI3K/AKT were downregulated. The RES and QRC caused oncosis, cells hypertrophy, hypercondensatin of chromatin, rupture of the plasma membrane and nuclear membrane, and formation of apoptotic bodies. Morphometric measurements of some cellular and nuclear parameters showed that RES and QRC induced an increase in cells and nuclear size, the nucleocytoplasmic ratio remained below 1 (N-Cyt R < 1), sign of low nuclear activity. The RES and QRC induced apoptosis of Hep2 cells by increasing of oxidative stress markers, MDA, and by modulating detoxifying enzymes, CAT and SOD. Our study results prove antiproliferative and proapoptotic properties of quercetin and resveratrol with regard to larynx cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Arsenic is an omnipresent and highly toxic metalloid that can impair quality of life or lead to death. It is found pure or in combination with other metals in trace concentrations in all natural environments and in high concentrations in deep aquifers, in addition to different environments that are rapidly polluted by anthropogenic processes. OBJECTIVES: To describe the biological, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of arsenic on human being. METHODOLOGY: A simple bibliographic review was carried out. Databases such as PubMed, Toxichem Krimtech, Clinical-key, and Academic Google were used. Articles in English, Spanish and German, done from 1993 to 2021, national and international, were included. The search words used were: As, arsenic, inorganic, genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, toxicity, intoxication, epigenetics, exposure, micronuclei, biomarkers, DNA damage, and human. RESULTS: There were included 56 articles. Millions of people are exposed to arsenic. The inorganic forms, specifically the trivalent, are the most harmful. This metalloid causes several diseases mainly due to oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS: Arsenic is an international public health problem that affects millions of people. This problem is not addressed with the necessary measures to mitigate the deleterious effects of this metalloid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nefrologia is the property of Revista Nefrologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious pathology that progress with dysfunction of regulating blood pressure and fluid balance, concentrating urine due to decrement of aquaporin-1 (AQP) levels during the inflammation process. Irbesartan (IRN), angiotensin receptor blocker, is widely used in the treatment of hypertension, which also has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effects of IRN in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced kidney injury. Material and methods: Twenty-four rats divided into three groups as control, LPS and LPS + IRN group. After 6 h of LPS administration, rats were sacrificed. Blood samples and half of the kidney tissues were collected for biochemical analysis and remaining tissues were taken for histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. Results: In the LPS group, glomerular congestion and shrinkage, degeneration of distal tubules, mononuclear cell infiltration, cellular debris and intense proteinous accumulation in the tubules, increased expressions of Cas-3, nuclear factor kappa beta-p65 (NF-kB p65), levels of creatinin, TOS, OSI and decreased levels of TAS, AQP-1 were found significantly. IRN treatment reversed all these parameters. IRN's restorated AQP-1 levels by its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects due to inhibiting NF-kB expression. Conclusion: This study suggests that IRN can be used in conditions affecting the kidneys such as AKI. Further studies needed for detailed molecular investigation of IRN at different doses and durations. Resumen: Introducción: La lesión renal aguda (IRA) es una patología grave que cursa con disfunción en la regulación de la presión arterial y el equilibrio hídrico, concentrando la orina debido a la disminución de los niveles de acuaporina-1 (AQP) durante el proceso inflamatorio. Irbesartan (IRN), bloqueador de los receptores de angiotensina, es ampliamente utilizado en el tratamiento de la hipertensión, que también tiene propiedades antiinflamatorias, antioxidantes y antiapoptóticas. El objetivo de este estudio es investigar los efectos protectores de IRN en la lesión renal inducida por lipopolisacáridos (LPS). Material y Métodos: Veinticuatro ratas divididas en 3 grupos como control, grupo LPS y LPS+IRN. Después de 6 horas de administración de LPS, se sacrificaron las ratas. Se recogieron muestras de sangre y la mitad de los tejidos renales para análisis bioquímico y los tejidos restantes se tomaron para análisis histopatológico e inmunohistoquímico. Resultados: En el grupo LPS, congestión y encogimiento glomerular, degeneración de túbulos distales, infiltración de células mononucleares, restos celulares y acumulación proteica intensa en los túbulos, aumento de las expresiones de Cas-3, factor nuclear kappa beta-p65 (NF-kB p65), los niveles de creatinina, TOS, OSI y niveles disminuidos de TAS, AQP-1 se encontraron significativamente. El tratamiento con IRN invirtió todos estos parámetros. Los niveles restaurados de AQP-1 de IRN por sus efectos antiinflamatorios, antioxidantes y antiapoptóticos debido a la inhibición de la expresión de NF-kB. Conclusión: este estudio sugiere que la IRN se puede usar en afecciones que afectan los riñones, como la LRA. Se necesitan más estudios para la investigación molecular detallada de IRN en diferentes dosis y duraciones.

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: This paper highlights the relationship of inflammation and oxidative stress as damage mechanisms of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), considered an inflammatory and autoimmune disease. Development: The oxidative stress concept has been defined by an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of the oxidants. There is necessary to do physiological functions, like the respiration chain, but in certain conditions, the production of reactive species overpassed the antioxidant systems, which could cause tissue damage. On the other hand, it is well established that inflammation is a complex reaction in the vascularized connective tissue in response to diverse stimuli. However, an unregulated prolonged inflammatory process also can induce tissue damage. Conclusion: Both inflammation and oxidative stress are interrelated since one could promote the other, leading to a toxic feedback system, which contributes to the inflammatory and demyelination process in MS. Resumen: Introducción: Este trabajo destaca la relación de la inflamación y el estrés oxidativo como mecanismos de daño de la esclerosis múltiple, considerada enfermedad inflamatoria y autoinmune. Desarrollo: El concepto de estrés oxidativo se ha definido por un desequilibrio entre oxidantes y antioxidantes a favor de los oxidantes. Es necesario para realizar funciones fisiológicas, como la cadena respiratoria, pero en ciertas condiciones la producción de especies reactivas sobrepasaba los sistemas antioxidantes, lo que podría causar daño tisular. Por otro lado, está establecido que la inflamación es una reacción compleja en el tejido conectivo vascularizado en respuesta a diversos estímulos, pero un proceso inflamatorio prolongado no regulado también puede inducir daño tisular. Conclusión: Tanto la inflamación como el estrés oxidativo están interrelacionados entre sí, ya que uno de ellos podría promover al otro, dando lugar a un sistema de retroalimentación tóxico, que contribuye al desarrollo del proceso inflamatorio y desmielinizante en la esclerosis múltiple.

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The trauma of surgery induces systemic stress that alters homeostasis and develops postoperative complications, particularly in high-risk patients. Surgical stress is produced by an acute inflammatory process and by the imbalance between the levels of pro-oxidant molecules and the activity of antioxidant systems. This imbalance is known as oxidative stress (OS). These two mechanisms underlie perioperative complications are reduced with anaesthetic management since some anaesthetics have antioxidant capacity. OS could negatively impact all forms of major surgery, particularly in elderly patients and patients with comorbidities. This review aims to present the concept and cellular bases of OS and its relationship with the most common complications in the perioperative period of cardiac and noncardiac surgery, as well as the quantitative determination of the level of OS through serum biomarkers. Furthermore, the effect of anaesthetics on OS and the use of antioxidant therapies in preventing postoperative complications induced by OS are reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidative stress is caused by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species that generate an imbalance in the cellular antioxidant capacity. In this study, the effect of alpha-lipoic acid on microsomes isolated from rat brain and heart was analyzed by determining chemiluminescence (expressed as counts per minute) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Oxidative stress was induced by subjecting the samples to an ascorbate-Fe++-dependent pro-oxidant system at 37 °C for 120 minutes. The inhibitory effect of alpha-lipoic acid was compared using different concentrations thereof, corresponding to 50, 150 and 250 [ig per mg of microsomal protein. Controls were performed simultaneously without the addition of the pro-oxidant. A significant increase in light emission and malondialdehyde was observed in the microsomes of both organs in the ascorbate-Fe++ group. Analysis of chemiluminescence levels and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances indicated that alpha-lipoic acid acted as an antioxidant that protected rat heart microsomes from damage by lipid peroxidation at all doses tested. In brain microsomes, alpha-lipoic acid was observed to act as an antioxidant only at the 150 |ig/ml dose. In the latter case, it will be necessary to test new doses of it to demonstrate the effects on these membranes. In conclusion, alpha-lipoic acid acted as an antioxidant to protect the membranes of both organs against peroxidative damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify the influence of carbohydrate (CHO) intake on oxidative status among women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, observational and comparative study was carried out with two groups of 21 women each with and without GDM in the city of Toluca, Mexico, from January to December 2022. The sociodemographic parameters were determined by administering the patients a medical history questionnaire; anthropometric parameters such as body weight and height were measured; and biochemical parameters including total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were calculated. The oxidant/antioxidant status was assessed as follows: malondialdehyde (MDA) as oxidative stress marker; and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) as antioxidants. Dietary habits were evaluated through a 24-hour reminder in both groups of women to obtain the macronutrient classes, i.e., proteins, fats and CHOs. Based on the total carbohydrates (TCHOs), complex (CCHOs) and simple carbohydrates (SCHOs) such as sucrose were calculated. SCHOs per day were measured using the list of foods with sucrose content per 100 grams according to the Mexican Food Equivalence System (SMAE). The NutriKcal VO program was used for the dietary analysis. Statistical tests such as Student's t test and Mann-Whitney U test were performed for the independent samples and nonhomogeneous variables, respectively, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (p < 0.05) was determined using the IBM SPSS Statistics V19. Results: The results showed that the difference between the levels of TC (p < 0.029), TG (p < 0.029), enzymes CAT (p < 0.011) and SOD (p < 0.013), as well as MDA (p < 0.039) was significantly higher among patients in the group with GDM compared to that in the group without GDM. In addition, the group with GDM consumed a higher proportion of sucrose. Conclusions: Women with GDM have an imbalance in the oxidant/antioxidant status, influenced by the type of CHO they consume, particularly SCHOs such as sucrose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To assess the oxidative stress on alpaca epididimal sperm frozen with different concentration of seminal plasma. Materials and methods. 29 post mortem alpaca epididymis were used. Epididymal sperm were obteined thought cuts and suspended in a diluent based on skim milk, egg yolk and fructose and dimethylacetamine. Samples were separated into four aliquots which were supplied with seminal plasma (v/v) in concentrations of 0, 10, 25 and 50% respectively; then, sperm motility was assessed before freezing; then, motility was assessed before freezing with an automatic freezer machine. After thawing, mitochondrial membrane activity, sperm viability, lipid peroxidation and sperm apoptosis were assessed using flow cytometry with images. Results. Sperm exposed to 50% seminal plasma showed the lowest post-thaw motility (3.5±3.7%) and the highest percentages of apoptotic cells (71.43±20.6%). No significant differences were found in the rest of parameters. Conclusions. This study constitutes non-conclusive evidence that presence of seminal plasma does not affect viability, mitochondrial activity, or lipid peroxidation of alpaca epididymal sperm during cryopreservation processes; however, when it is absent or added up to 25% in the cryopreservation process, it may be possible to obtain better results in terms of sperm motility and sperm apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed the effects of Acacia Senegal (AS) combined with insulin on Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity and mRNA expression, serum glucose, renal function, and oxidative stress in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Sixty rats were equally divided into six groups: normal control, normal+AS, diabetic (DM), DM+insulin, DM+AS, and DM+insulin+AS groups. Diabetes mellitus (type 1) was induced by a single injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg), and insulin and AS treatments were carried until rats were culled at the end of week 12. Serum glucose and creatinine levels, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were measured. Renal homogenate levels of NKA activity and gene expression, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and reduced glutathione (GSH) were evaluated as well as kidney tissue histology and ultrastructure. Diabetes caused glomerular damage and modulation of blood and tissue levels of creatinine, glucose, HbA1c, malondialdehyde, NKA activity and gene expression, SOD, catalase and GSH, which were significantly (p<0.05) treated with AS, insulin, and insulin plus AS. However, AS+insulin treatments were more effective. In conclusion, combined administration of AS with insulin to rats with DN decreased NKA activity and gene expression as well as oxidative stress, and improved glycemic state and renal structure and function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios is the property of Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objetivo. Evaluar el estrés oxidativo en el espermatozoide epididimario de alpaca criopreservado con diferentes concentraciones de plasma seminal. Materiales y métodos. Se emplearon 29 epidídimos de alpaca obtenidos post mortem. Los espermatozoides epididimarios fueron recuperados mediante cortes en un dilutor a base de leche descremada, yema de huevo, fructosa y dimetilacetamina. A continuación, se procedió a separar las muestras en cuatro alícuotas y se agregó plasma seminal (v/v) en diferentes concentraciones (0, 10, 25 y 50%). Luego se evaluó la motilidad espermática y se congelaron mediante una congeladora automática. Al descongelamiento se evaluó motilidad progresiva, potencial de membrana mitocondrial, viabilidad espermática, peroxidación de lípidos y apoptosis espermática mediante citometría de flujo con imágenes. Resultados. Los espermatozoides expuestos a 50% de plasma seminal mostraron la motilidad post descongelamiento estadísticamente más baja (3.5±3.7%) y el porcentaje de células apoptóticas estadísticamente más alto (71.43±20.6%). En todas las demás variables, no se hallaron diferencias estadísticas significativas (p≤0.05). Conclusiones. Se obtiene evidencia no cocluyente de que la presencia del plasma seminal no afecta la viabilidad, la actividad mitocondrial, ni la peroxidación lipídica de los espermatozoides epididimarios de alpaca durante el proceso de criopreservación; sin embargo, en ausencia de este o cuando es agregado hasta en un 25% en el proceso de criopreservación, es posible obtener mejores resultados en cuanto a motilidad espermática y apoptosis espermática.

Introduction: excessive accumulation of adipose tissue is accompanied by alterations in the inflammatory state and increased oxidative stress, and these variables are associated with insulin resistance and increased glucose and insulin levels. On the other hand, vitamins and minerals reinforce the antioxidant and inflammatory capacity, for this reasons we propose that they could contribute to the control of insulin resistance, glucose and lipid metabolism in a rat model of obesity. Objective: to analyze the effect of a multivitamin supplement on markers of insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress in obese rats on a cafeteria diet. Methods: thirty-five 28-day-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: 1, standard diet control; 2, standard diet plus multivitamin; 3, obese on a cafeteria diet; and 4, obese on a cafeteria diet plus multivitamin. After the treatments, glucose levels, HbA1c, insulin, TNF-α, IL-6, oxidative stress and lipid profile were analyzed by colorimetric methods, as well as the percentage of adipose tissue, Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) index y Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI). Results: multivitamin supplementation significantly decreased visceral adipose tissue, HOMA index, glucose, HbA1c, oxidant stress, and inflammatory markers in the obese plus multivitamin rat group, compared with the obese cafeteria diet rat group and the standard diet rat control group. However, the group that was administered only the multivitamin without the cafeteria diet had increased levels of total adipose tissue, glucose, and oxidative stress, as well as the QUICKI index relative to the control group with the standard diet. Conclusion: co-administration of a multivitamin supplement may improve insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism and lipid profile; strengthen antioxidant status; and decrease inflammation during weight gain. However, it was not expected that added sugars in multivitamin supplement can also increase total adipose tissue, oxidative stress and glucose levels, so it is suggested to use sugar-free multivitamins in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Scabies is one of the most common diseases in dogs. It threatens both animals and humans due to its zoonotic potential. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oxidant/antioxidant balance with hematological findings in dogs infested with sarcoptic mange. Methods: The animals evaluated in this study consisted of 32 mixed-breed dogs between 1 and 2 years of age. The dogs were allocated into two groups: a control group (infestation-free animals; n=10), and a sarcoptic mange-infected group (Sarcoptes, n=22). Dogs in the Sarcoptes group showed infestation signs such as intense itching, excoriations, alopecia, and blistering of the elbow and auricular margins. Results: Significant increase (p<0.01) levels were observed in total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidative stress index (OSI), and nitric oxide (NO), while glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels in dogs infested with Sarcoptes decreased significantly (p<0.01). In addition, a significant increase (p<0.01) of WBC count in dogs in the sarcoptic group in comparison with the control was found. Conversely, there was significant decrease (p<0.01) in RBC, HGB, and PCV counts in Sarcoptes-infested dogs. Conclusions: Our study suggests a possible relationship between oxidant/antioxidant imbalance and hematological findings in dogs infested with sarcoptic mange. Furthermore, in addition to MDA, TAS, TOS, and OSI markers, NO as well as GSH might be also used to assess the oxidative stress in dogs naturally infected with Sarcoptes scabiei. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Acute kidney injury is an important public health problem worldwide due to the significant morbidities and the economic burden it causes. We aimed to investigate the effects of cannabinoid receptor agonists and antagonists on biochemical and histopathological parameters in myoglobinuric acute kidney injury (MAKI). Methods: Wistar rats were divided into seven groups. Six groups underwent a 50% glycerol injection to establish kidney injury, while one group received physiological saline (PS) injection to serve as a control. Agonist (WIN55,212-2) and antagonist (AM251 or SR144528) injections were administered intraperitoneally at 60- and 75 minutes following glycerol injection. Serum and urine samples were collected, and kidney tissues were removed. Glutathione, malondialdehyde, urea, creatinine, and sodium levels were assayed. Histopathological evaluation was performed semi-quantitatively on the hematoxylin eosinstained sections. Results: Serum creatinine and urea levels were significantly higher in all kidney injury groups compared to control. Serum creatinine level was significantly lower in the WIN+SR144528 group compared to the AKI group. Histological damage score was significantly lower in the WIN and WIN+SR144528 groups compared to the AKI group. Conclusions: Blockade of cannabinoid 2 receptors improved kidney function and histology against MAKI, while blockade of cannabinoid 1 receptors caused negative results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent process of regulated cell death in which there is a mechanism linked to the formation and accumulation of reactive oxygen species that affect the functionality of the cell and eventually lead to its death. On the other hand, metabolic diseases associated with overweight, and obesity show a rapid increase globally, evidence has been found of the presence of non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome, having in these individuals a rapid progression towards steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis. Recent research links elevated iron levels as a link in the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis and its complications. Although this mechanism of cell death is not completely elucidated, it could provide new approaches in terms of the use of diagnostic biomarkers and possible therapeutics to reverse liver damage generated by chronic inflammation and fibrosis caused by oxidative stress, using ferroptosis inhibitory molecules. Finally, the role of this type of cell death in the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases, including several types of cancer, has been considered, which in turn enables its use as a possible line of treatment for these diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El uso de nanopartículas (NPs) en la agricultura presenta diversas aplicaciones, entre las cuales se destaca el potencial para aumentar las tasas de producción y mejorar los valores nutricionales de las plantas. Este estudio se centra en la aplicación foliar de nanopartículas de óxido de zinc (NPs-ZnO) en plantas de Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia producidas en un sistema hidropónico con la técnica de película de nutrientes (NFT). La investigación se llevó a cabo durante el ciclo otoño-invierno 2022-2023. El objetivo principal de la investigación fue evaluar el impacto de las NPs-ZnO sobre el rendimiento, compuestos bioactivos y actividad enzimática en lechuga. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron: tratamiento control (0) y cuatro dosis equidistantes de 10, 20, 30 y 40 mg L-1 de nanopartículas; el diseño utilizado fue completamente al azar. Los resultados revelan que la concentración de zinc (Zn2+) en las plantas aumenta significativamente con la aplicación de NPs-ZnO, lo que conlleva a mayor producción de metabolitos beneficiosos para el cultivo. Es destacable que la concentración de 40 mg L-1 de NPs-ZnO haya mostrado mejoras significativas con respecto al tratamiento control en todas las variables evaluadas; peso fresco, materia seca, contenido de zinc, clorofila total, carotenoides totales, fenoles totales, capacidad antioxidante, flavonoides totales, vitamina C, catalasa y peroxidasa, sugiriendo que esta dosis específica podría ser óptima para obtener máximos beneficios. Por lo tanto, la aplicación foliar de NPs ZnO es una manera práctica de enriquecer las plantas de lechuga y mitigar las deficiencias de este micronutriente en la población.

Objetivo: Identificar la influencia del consumo de hidratos de carbono (HCO) sobre el estado oxidante en mujeres con y sin diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG). Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal, observacional y comparativo a dos grupos de 21 mujeres con y sin DMG, respectivamente, en la ciudad de Toluca, México, de enero a diciembre del 2022. Para evaluar parámetros sociodemográficos, se les aplicó un cuestionario de historia clínica; en cuanto a los parámetros antropométricos, se les midió peso corporal y estatura; y respecto a los parámetros bioquímicos, colesterol total (CT) y triglicéridos (TG). Para evaluar el estado oxidante/antioxidante se cuantificaron, como marcador oxidante, el malondihaldeído (MDA), y como antioxidantes, catalasa (cat), superóxido dismutasa (SOD) y capacidad antioxidante total (CAT). Los hábitos dietéticos se evaluaron a través de un recordatorio de 24 horas, en ambos grupos de mujeres, para obtener los macronutrientes: proteínas, lípidos e HCO. A partir de los hidratos de carbono totales (HCOT), se calcularon los hidratos de carbono complejos (HCOC) e hidratos de carbono simples (HCOS) como la sacarosa. Para el cálculo de HCOS por día, se usó la lista de alimentos con contenido de sacarosa por cada 100 gramos de consumo que emplea el Sistema Mexicano de Equivalentes; para el análisis de dieta, se utilizó el programa Nutrikcal VO. Se usaron las pruebas estadísticas t de Student para muestras independientes, U de Mann-Whitney para las variables no homogéneas y se realizó la correlación de Spearman (p < 0,05) en el programa SPSS, versión 19. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que la diferencia entre los valores de CT (p < 0,029), TG (p < 0,029), las enzimas: cat (p < 0,011), SOD (p < 0,013), así como el MDA (p < 0,039), fueron significativamente mayores en las pacientes del grupo con DMG en comparación con el grupo sin DMG. Además, el grupo con DMG consumió mayor proporción de sacarosa. Conclusiones: Las mujeres con DMG tienen un desequilibrio en el estado oxidante/antioxidante influenciado por el tipo de HCO que consumen, en particular los HCOS como la sacarosa.

Introducción. La contaminación por metales pesados es un problema que ha ido en aumento debido a las actividades antrópicas. Las plantas pueden eliminar, destruir o transformar contaminantes del suelo, agua y aire. Con el empleo de reguladores del crecimiento vegetal y agentes quelantes se puede reducir la toxicidad por metales pesados. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de una mezcla oligogalacturónidos sobre la actividad peroxidasa y los contenidos de malondialdehido, proteinas totales y clorofilas, en plantas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) var. Amalia sometidas a altos niveles de metales pesados. Materiales y métodos. Se colectó suelo contaminado con Cu, Cd y el Fe, en la Empresa cerámica blanca Adalberto Vidal de Mayabeque, Cuba en el año 2020. El experimento se desarrolló en bolsas de 7 kg de capacidad y se utilizaron plantas de tomate, en condiciones semi- controladas en áreas del Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas (INCA) con un diseño experimental completamente aleatorizado con siete tratamientos y diez réplicas. Los tratamientos del producto a base de oligogalacturónidos (Ogal) fueron: aplicación al suelo (30 mg kg-1); aspersión foliar (20 mg L-1), la combinación de estas formas de aplicación y un testigo. A los 35 y 56 días de emergidas las plantas, se determinó la actividad peroxidasa y los contenidos de malondialdehido, proteinas totales y clorofilas. Resultados. El efecto que provocan el Cu, Cd y el Fe en las plántulas, fue atenuado por todas las variantes de uso de la mezcla Ogal, por lo que las mismas han desarrollado mecanismos de adaptación ante las altas concentraciones metálicas que le permiten subsistir al estrés abióticos. Conclusiones. La mezcla de Ogal atenuó el efecto que provocaron los altos niveles de metales pesados en la actividad peroxidasa, el contenido malondialdehido, proteinas totales y clorofilas en plantas de tomate var. Amalia.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de Se administrado a través de bolos intrarruminales en cabritos y correlacionarlo con los niveles del mineral y los biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo en sangre. Se utilizaron 15 cabritos de 8 a 9 semanas de edad de la raza Alpina con un peso promedio de 13.7 kg y se dividieron en tres grupos: grupo Selenio (se administró un bolo de selenito de sodio por vía oral, con un contenido equivalente a 90 mg de Se); grupo Se-SMZ (se administró un bolo de selenito de sodio vía oral, con un contenido equivalente a 90 mg de Se y 4 g de sulfametazina a); grupo Placebo (se administró un bolo placebo vía oral). Los niveles plasmáticos de Se se llevaron a cabo mediante la técnica de espectrofotometría de absorción atómica. La concentración de TBARS y GSH se estimó mediante espectrofotometría. La significancia establecida fue de P0.05). Los niveles de GSH no mostraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos. En conclusión, los bolos con Selenio y Se-SMZ aumentaron los niveles plasmáticos de Se. Hubo una amplia variabilidad en los niveles plasmáticos de TBARS y los niveles de GSH no mostraron diferencias significativas relevantes entre los tratamientos. Los bolos fueron una buena alternativa para suplementar el Se a los rumiantes.

Background: Oxidative stress increases oxidizability of apolipoprotein-B containing lipoproteins and decreases paraoxonase (PON) activity in hemodialysis (HD) patients and plays an important part in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. In HD patients, plasma ascorbic acid (AA) levels are decreased either due to the loss by hemodialysis membranes or due to malnutrition and contribute to the imbalance of antioxidant defense mechanisms. We hypothesized that long-term ascorbic acid (AA) supplementation recovers oxidizability of lipoproteins in HD patients by reinforcing PON activity. Methods: Twenty-nine adult patients were treated with 100 mg and 500 mg AA at the end of each HD session thrice a week for two consecutive 16 weeks-periods, respectively. Blood samples were obtained before the first HD session and prior to the first HD sessions following the 100 mg AA-supplemented and the 500 mg AA-supplemented periods. Results: PON activities were significantly increased after 100 mg (p

Objetivo: El propósito de este estudio es establecer los mecanismos de la actividad Bioquímica a través del Estrés Psicológico que influyen en la enfermedad del vitiligo desde una perspectiva neurocientifica, mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura de los últimos 5 años. Método: La búsqueda sistemática se llevó a cabo en las bases de datos Scopus, PubMed y Web of Science para identificar los estudios que describan la enfermedad de Vitiligo, el estrés psicológico y la bioquímica del cerebro, se establecieron criterios de inclusión y exclusión para la selección de los artículos, así mismo, se evaluó su calidad y pertinencia. Resultados: La revisión sistemática arrojó 15.503 artículos, 70 fueron preseleccionados de acuerdo a lo informado en el resumen y validados para lectura completa. Para la síntesis narrativa se utilizaron 23 artículos científicos. Conclusión: La enfermedad de vitiligo guarda una estrecha relación con el estrés psicológico y está acompañado de un desequilibrio bioquímico que conduce a un proceso inflamatorio y destructivo de los melanocitos de la piel.

The insecticide industry has developed more bee-safe active ingredients such as flupyradifurone. However, recent research provides evidence of the negative effects of this and its possible influence on the deterioration of the health of pollinators. During the experiment, mixed-age worker bees of A. mellifera were exposed to a single, sublethal oral dose of flupyradifurone (645 ng/bee) and were assessed only for the first day after exposure to 0.5, 1, 3, 6, and 24 hours. Using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), the alteration in gene expression caused by exposure to this insecticide was quantified. A total of five genes were quantified: three primary antioxidant genes (Catalase (CAT), Superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and Thioredoxin dismutase (Trxr1), one detoxification gene (Cytochrome P450 9Q3 (CYP9Q3)) and one gene with neuronal activity (Acetylcholinesterase, AChE1). The endogenous ribosomal protein S18 (RPS18) gene allowed the estimation of relative gene expression as the response to insecticide exposure. The AChE1 gene was overexpressed up to six hours after exposure; the remaining CYP9Q3, CAT, SOD1, and Trxr1 genes presented a similar behavior. At a sublethal dose and at short time intervals, flupyradifurone causes alteration in the relative expression of five genes in individual honeybees after oral exposure, which could cause a long-term adverse effect on hive health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The purpose of this study is to establish the mechanisms of biochemical activity through psychological stress that influence vitiligo disease from a neuroscientific perspective, through a systematic review of the literature of the last 5 years. Method: Systematic search was carried out in the Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science databases to identify studies describing Vitiligo disease, psychological stress and brain biochemistry, inclusion and exclusion criteria were established for the selection of articles, their quality and relevance were evaluated. Results: The systematic review yielded 15,503 articles, of which 70 were pre-selected as reported in the summary and validated for full reading. For the narrative synthesis 23 scientific articles were used. Conclusion: Vitiligo disease is closely related to psychological stress and is accompanied by a biochemical imbalance that leads to an inflammatory and destructive process of skin melanocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Novedades en Población is the property of Universidad de La Habana, Centro de Estudios Demograficos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Orinoquia is the property of Universidad de los Llanos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fundamento: los pacientes con diabetes mellitus cursan con un aumento importante en el estrés oxidativo, donde hay una disminución en la actividad de los sistemas antioxidantes y un incremento de los productos de oxidación. El ozono actúa induciendo estrés oxidativo moderado y estimulando una defensa antioxidante enzimática. Objetivo: caracterizar el control metabólico de los pacientes diabéticos al inicio y al culminar la terapia con ozono rectal. Métodos: se realizó un estudio cuasi experimental con pre y post terapia, donde el universo estuvo constituido por 121 pacientes diabéticos del consultorio médico de familia, número 15 del Policlínico Comunitario Docente José Luis Chaviano de Cienfuegos aplicándoles ozonoterapia por vía rectal previa evaluación médica, por 15 sesiones dos veces al año. Fueron recogidas como variables demográficas: edad y sexo; clínicas: parámetros hemoquímicos, tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad y estado nutricional; como complicaciones neurovasculares: pie diabético, polineuropatía diabética y retinopatía diabética; tratamientos: hipoglucemiantes; factores de riesgo modificables: hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus, tabaquismo, alcoholismo, realización de ejercicio físico; cálculo del índice de masa corporal. Los resultados hallados fueron expresados fundamentalmente mediante tablas y gráficos como principales recursos del lenguaje estadístico. Resultados: los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 predominaron con un 95,0 %. Existió una disminución de 2, 769 mmol/L de las cifras de glucemia después del tratamiento con ozono rectal lo que muestra un control metabólico. Conclusiones: la ozonoterapia rectal puede ser utilizada como terapia complementaria al tratamiento convencional de pacientes con diabetes mellitus, pues mejora los parámetros de glucemia.

Copyright of Nefrologia is the property of Revista Nefrologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Medicas de La Habana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Free radicals are compounds characterized by having an unpaired electron in their outer orbit, a condition that makes them highly reactive, i.e., they interact through diffusion-controlled reactions with proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. They have also been referred to as reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS) or reactive sulfur species (RSS). In the human organism, they are mainly produced in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, where respiratory complexes I and III specifically participate and reduce oxygen by converting it into superoxide anion. Likewise, they can be formed through a wide variety of enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions involving substances that are synthesized by cells or are ingested with food and some medicines. Human beings have an antioxidant system which is both enzymatic and non-enzymatic in nature and whose function is to protect the organism from the harmful action of free radicals. This system includes enzymes--such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, thioredoxin, etc.--and non-enzymatic compounds--such as glutathione, ferritin, myoglobin, etc. However, they are not efficient enough to protect it, so it is necessary to eat foods that contain substances with antioxidant properties whose protective action will depend on their chemical reactivity and their concentration. These antioxidant compounds are mainly found in fruits and vegetables, where polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, vitamin C, vitamin E, etc. have been identified. A significant amount of evidence suggests that the intake of antioxidant substances protects the body from the damaging effect of free radicals, but when the oxidative action prevails over the antioxidant action, it can lead to oxidative stress, a condition that is closely linked to a wide variety of chronic non-communicable diseases including cancer, diabetes mellitus, obesity, psoriasis, atherosclerosis, among others. All this seems to indicate that the term "cellular redox steady state" more appropriately describes the constant adaptation to a situation of rapid chemical turnover and suggests that the substances involved in this process be designated as "biologically reactive species" due to the existence of harmful compounds such as hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite, etc., which are not--strictly speaking--free radicals but have toxic effects on cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the reasons for acute kidney damage is renal ischemia. Nevertheless, there are limited protective and therapeutic approaches for this problem. Diacerein is an anti-inflammatory drug characterized by numerous biological activities. We aimed to determine the ameliorative impact of diacerein on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) condition, exploring the underlying mechanisms. Twenty-four male rats were allotted into four groups (n= 6): sham group; Diacerein (DIA) group; I/R group, in which a non-crushing clamp occluded the left renal pedicle for 45 min, and the right kidney was nephrectomized for 5 min before the reperfusion process; I/R + diacerein group, injected intraperitoneally with 50 mg diacerein/kg i.m 30 minutes prior to I/R operation. Ischemia/reperfusion was found to affect renal function and induce histopathological alterations. The flow cytometry analysis demonstrated an elevated expression of innate and mature dendritic cells in I/R renal tissues. Moreover, upregulation in the expression of the inflammatory genes (TLR4, Myd88, and NLRP3), and overexpression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1b), apoptotic (caspase-3) and pyroptotic (caspase-1) markers were observed in I/R-experienced animals. The aforementioned deteriorations were mitigated by pre-I/R diacerein treatment. Diacerein alleviated I/R-induced inflammation and apoptosis. Thus, it could be a promising protective agent against I/R. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)