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WE&H group: Carles Conejero, Carlos González-Crespo, Cristina Garrido, Diana Gassó, Diana Andrea Murillo, Emmanuel Serrano, Gregorio Mentaberre, Irene Torres-Blas, Josep Estruch, Josep Pastor, Jorge Ramón López-Olvera, María Escobar-González, Marta Valldeperes, Montse Mesalles, Omar López, Raquel Álvarez, Rafaela Cuenca, Roser Velarde, Santiago Lavín., Microsporidia comprises a diverse group of obligate, intracellular, and spore-forming parasites that infect a wide range of animals. Among them, Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most frequently reported species in humans and other mammals and birds. Data on the epidemiology of E. bieneusi in wildlife are limited. Hence, E. bieneusi was investigated in eight wild ungulate species present in Spain (genera Ammotragus, Capra, Capreolus, Cervus, Dama, Ovis, Rupicapra, and Sus) by molecular methods. Faecal samples were collected from free-ranging (n = 1058) and farmed (n = 324) wild ungulates from five Spanish bioregions. The parasite was detected only in red deer (10.4%, 68/653) and wild boar (0.8%, 3/359). Enterocytozoon bieneusi infections were more common in farmed (19.4%, 63/324) than in wild (1.5%, 5/329) red deer. A total of 11 genotypes were identified in red deer, eight known (BEB6, BEB17, EbCar2, HLJD-V, MWC_d1, S5, Type IV, and Wildboar3) and three novel (DeerSpEb1, DeerSpEb2, and DeerSpEb3) genotypes. Mixed genotype infections were detected in 15.9% of farmed red deer. Two genotypes were identified in wild boar, a known (Wildboar3) and a novel (WildboarSpEb1) genotypes. All genotypes identified belonged to E. bieneusi zoonotic Groups 1 and 2. This study provides the most comprehensive epidemiological study of E. bieneusi in Spanish ungulates to date, representing the first evidence of the parasite in wild red deer populations worldwide. Spanish wild boars and red deer are reservoir of zoonotic genotypes of E. bieneusi and might play an underestimated role in the transmission of this microsporidian species to humans and other animals., This work was supported by Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, under project PI19CIII/00 029. Sample collection in Catalonia was supported by the Council of Barcelona through contracts 13/051, 15/0174, 16/0243 and 16/0243-00-PR/01, from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under research grants CGL2012- 40043-C02-01, CGL2012-40043-C02-02, and from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under research grant CGL2016-80543-P PID2020-115046GB-I00, and USDA-ARS Project No: 8042 -32000-112 -00-D., Antonio Rivero-Juárez is the recipient of a Miguel Servet Research Contract by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Promoción y Universidades of Spain (CP18/00111). D.G.B. is the recipient of a Sara Borrell Research Contract (CD19CIII/00011) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities. A.D. is the recipient of a PFIS contract (FI20CIII/00002) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and Universities., Medical Mycology

Background Breech presentation complicates 3-4% of all term singleton pregnancies. Morbidity and mortality in breech births is high. The incidence of caesarean section for breech presentation has increased markedly in the last 20 years. There is a consensus between health professionals and the authorities that recognizes the actual indexes of caesarean deliveries as excessive and in no case are they justified by an improvement in perinatal outcomes. Thus, reducing the caesarean section rates has become an objective of the majority of public health services. External cephalic version (ECV) refers to a procedure in which the fetus is rotated from a noncephalic to a cephalic presentation by manipulation through the mother's abdomen. External cephalic version (ECV) has been shown to be safe and effective as a preventive measure for reducing the number of BP at birth, as well as the number of CS because of breech presentation. The purpose of ECV is to decrease the incidence of both vaginal breech delivery and CS, without impacting upon maternal or fetal outcomes. Objective The aim of this study is to compare the caesarean delivery rates between foetus in cephalic presentation after a successful external cephalic version and those with spontaneous cephalic presentation in nulliparous, low-risk, pregnant women. Design The study will be a multi-centric prospective cohort, with a consecutive method of sampling among patients who attend the Ginecology and Obstetrics Service. Six different hospitals from Catalunya will participate in this trial. Methods The sample size will be 384 pregnant women at the 33-35 WG, whose foetuses are placed in cephalic or in breech position, and who meet all other inclusion and not the exclusion criteria. To do so, the patients will be classified in two groups according to their fetal presentation (seen in the ultrasound scan): Group 1 will include 192 patients whose foetuses are already in Cesarean delivery rates between fetus in cephalic presentation after a successful external cephalic version and those with spontaneous cephalic presentation. 3 vertex presentation and Group 2 will include 192 in breech position. Group 2 will undergo an external cephalic version to achieve a cephalic position. Both groups will be followed up until spontaneous labour appears. A vaginal delivery will be attempted. We will collect the number of caesarean deliveries (which is our main dependent variable) in each group to do a statistical analysis and compare the percentages adjusted for all the co- variables