Search

AbstractOnline poker is like other electronic gambling formats in that large amounts of money can be quickly lost, which can lead to a number of harms for problem gamblers. However, unlike most gambling formats, it involves direct meetings between skilled and unskilled players, meaning that sufficiently skilled players can have successful professional careers. Do successful professionals ever feel concern for losers’ well-being, and how do these concerns compare across in-person and online environments? In this research, we interviewed 19 professional online poker players about ethical dilemmas in poker. The sample was divided when it came to how common it was to meet problem gamblers, while most participants agreed that it was hard to spot problem gambling when playing poker online. Many participants did not find it easy to know what to do if they knew an opponent was a problem gambler. There was a clear code of conduct among informants, in that they should not actively search for problem gamblers or try to lure them into a game in a predatory way. A relevant factor was whether a problem gambler had lost their ‘rent money’ (money they could not afford to lose). Some of our informants had actively confronted suspected problem gamblers and advised them to quit or leave games so that they would avoid playing against them. For some informants, these encounters led to moral self-examination. This study adds to the underexplored research area of the ethical dilemmas surrounding those who profit from gambling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, perioperative nurses faced extraordinary demands in frontline roles, leading many to leave their positions. This study investigates the factors influencing their decisions to resign or change roles during or after the pandemic, providing insights into systemic, ethical, and emotional contributors to professional attrition. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted at a university hospital in Spain between December 2021 and March 2022. A hermeneutic phenomenological approach was used to analyze the lived experiences of perioperative nurses who worked during the pandemic and subsequently resigned or changed role. Data were collected through in-depth individual interviews and analyzed using Atlas.ti (version 22). Ethical issues such as informed consent and participants confidentiality were upheld. Results: Eighteen perioperative nurses participated. Four themes emerged: (1) balancing professional duty and personal limits, (2) the role of workplace culture (emphasizing peer support and managerial neglect), (3) resilience and moral conflict, and (4) the emotional cost of caring. Conclusions: Attrition among perioperative nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic was driven by physical and emotional exhaustion, lack of managerial support, ethical dilemmas, and emotional trauma. Healthcare organizations should implement strategies such as strengthening leadership, providing mental health resources, and creating a supportive work culture to improve staff retention and ensure workforce sustainability in future crises. The clinical implications highlight the need for specific interventions to support the emotional and professional well-being of perioperative nurses, ensuring high quality care and continuity of health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Digital mental health care system includes the interventions delivered via digital technologies, such as mobile apps, websites, or virtual reality (VR). A recent upsurge in the digital mental healthcare care services has been observed in the last 5 years. With its core advantage of reaching the unreached, wider coverage, cost and time effectivity, all eyes are on the digital mental health care system. It is definitely a mechanism to cater rising prevalence of mental health concern, stigma towards mental health, accessibility and cost and uplift the psychological wellbeing. Success of the digital mental health care system has been researched world-wide. However, the same is not unaffected by the ethical concerns. Methods: This study aims to perform a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of scholarly articles on ethical concerns and dilemmas of digital mental health care by utilizing data extracted from the Scopus database from 2000 to 2024 by analysing 123 research articles. Statistical descriptive analysis in combination with performance analysis and co-word analysis was used to understand the research trends, leading countries and country collaborations studying ethical concerns related to digital mental healthcare. Result and discussion: The first publication appeared in 2000 with zero research till the year 2005. In this decade till 2010 we can observe only 4 publications. Consistent publishing started trending upward through 2018, observing the largest increase during pandemic in 2020 and onwards constituting 100 publications. The United States of America is the leading country studying ethical dilemmas in Digital Mental healthcare, with 42 papers followed by United Kingdom with 23 publications. The most influential peace of research with 490 citations is article co-authored by Barak et al. (2009), which is defining internet-supported therapeutic interventions and related concerns. BMJ Open is noted as the leading journal which is publishing issues concerning Digital Mental Healthcare with 18 publications, followed by Frontiers in Psychiatry and JMIR Mental Health. Analyses reflects that the top cited articles on Digital Mental healthcare are specifically directed on bringing out some of the key concerns of data privacy, emergency response, therapist competency and consent which requires appropriate handling Otherwise they may be cause of distress to client and question the trustworthiness of the Digital Mental Health Care system. Conclusion: The concerns brought out through this bibliometric analysis could be important guiding principles for online mental health services. Alongside, mental health professionals operating online must have orientation on the ethical concerns surrounding online mental healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Stability operations, including humanitarian assistance and disaster relief missions, are key functions of U.S. Military medicine and the Military Medical Humanitarian Assistance Course (MMHAC) is a 2-day course widely used to prepare military medical personnel for such missions. It focuses on caring for those most vulnerable in the wake of disasters, particularly children. The large-scale humanitarian deployment of military medical providers in support of Operation Allies Welcome/Operation Allies Refuge (OAW/OAR) presents an opportunity to evaluate the preparedness of these providers to care for the needs of the Afghan travelers, so we explored the experiences of military medical providers deployed in support of OAW/OAR to inform improvements in the MMHAC. Materials and Methods We conducted a qualitative study of military medical providers who were deployed in support of OAW/OAR using a series of three virtual focus groups. Focus group questions were structured around the main topics covered in the MMHAC (patient care, ethical considerations, logistical concerns, and preventive and public health) and explicitly asked about adaptive leadership challenges faced and strategies used to overcome them. We analyzed transcripts using inductive thematic analysis within a constructivist paradigm, with adaptive leadership as a sensitizing concept. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Uniformed Services University. Results We constructed 4 themes from participant responses, each addressing challenges that medical providers faced during their mission: (1) Medical providers navigated tension between medical and public health priorities and military mission priorities; (2) Chronic and complex care needs posed unique challenges for medical personnel; (3) Challenges in patient care were compounded by logistical and system-based barriers; and (4) Cultural barriers led to ethical dilemmas that physicians felt inadequately prepared to handle, most notably with respect to gender-related concerns. Within each theme, participants described which aspects of MMHAC training were most helpful and which areas were inadequate. Conclusions Physicians found the OAR/OAW mission meaningful but also identified challenges related to medical care provision, public health, logistics, and ethical dilemmas that hindered their ability to carry out their medical mission. Lessons learned from OAW/OAR highlight several areas in which the MMHAC training could be augmented and improved to further mitigate these challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Austral Comunicacion is the property of Austral Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background Nurses occupy a pivotal role in the provision of palliative care, acting as frontline providers who address the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs of patients. The complexities inherent in palliative care frequently give rise to ethical dilemmas that significantly impact nurses’ decision-making and patient interactions. It is therefore essential to gain an understanding of nurses’ perceptions of ethical issues, quality of life, and adherence to patient rights in order to enhance the care delivered in these settings. Aim This study aims to assess the ethical issues encountered by nurses in palliative care, evaluate their quality of life, and measure their understanding and adherence to patient rights. Methods A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted among a sample of 85 nurses working in palliative care settings, specifically within the Oncology Department and Pain Clinic at a Specialized Hospital in Egypt. A stratified random sampling technique was employed. The data were collected using standardised questionnaires, including the Ethical Issues Scale (EIS), the Nursing Quality of Life Scale (NQOLS), and the Patient Rights Questionnaire (PRQ). The validity and reliability of these instruments were established prior to the commencement of the study. The collected data were subjected to mean and standard deviation (SD) calculations. Statistical analyses, including the calculation of Pearson correlation coefficients, were conducted. Results The study sample comprised a diverse cohort of nurses, with a mean age of 40 years. The ethical issues were evaluated, yielding a mean score of 4.03 (SD = 0.74) on the EIS, with the highest score for “Patient Care” (M = 4.2, SD = 0.7). The overall quality of life mean score was 6.75, with the working dimension exhibiting the highest mean score at 7.1. The PRQ results indicated a high level of awareness regarding patient rights, with a total mean score of 49.5 (SD = 6.8). The results of the correlation analysis indicated a moderate positive correlation between ethical issues and patient rights (r = 0.52, p

This study presents and analyses a teaching project focused on the acquisition of ethical competences to deal with moral dilemmas in the field of Social Work. The project used two pedagogical methods: Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and Theatre of the Oppressed (TO). The main objective was to raise students’ awareness of the importance of applied ethics in social work and to help them develop reflective and critical skills to solve ethical dilemmas. Through PBL, students were able to practice emotional skills by simulating ethical dilemmas in a familiar environment such as the classroom. The use of OT, on the other hand, allowed them to recreate professional situations, fostering creativity in a collaborative and participatory way by acting out scenes and swapping roles. The results of the study reflect a positive perception on the part of the students toward these methodologies, indicating that they have internalized the ethical lessons learned during the teaching process and that they have acquired critical skills to solve professional dilemmas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the complexities surrounding physician autonomy during crises, particularly their right to refuse commitment in high-risk situations. It highlights the societal expectations placed on physicians to provide care, even at the risk of their own health, as outlined by the American Medical Association (AMA) and various legal frameworks. The text examines the moral and legal obligations of physicians, the ambiguity in defining "reasonable risk," and the potential justifications for refusing care, such as threats to personal safety or exceeding one's expertise. Ultimately, it emphasizes the ongoing debate within the medical community regarding these responsibilities amidst legal uncertainties. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Moral distress is a well-recognized term for emotional, cognitive, and physical reactions of professionals, when facing conflicts between perceived obligations and institutional constraints. Though studied across medical roles, limited research exists among physiotherapists. Research Question: What factors contribute to Moral distress among physiotherapists and how do they cope? Objectives: To develop and test a multifaceted model of Moral distress and gain an in-depth understanding of the phenomena. Research Design: A 2017–2022 mixed-methods study: (1) Survey of 407 physiotherapists quantitatively testing a literature-based model analyzing relationships between Moral distress, Moral sensitivity, Locus of control, Self-efficacy, Ethical climate perceptions and demographics, analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics, multiple comparisons and structural equation modelling (SPSS26, SAS, AMOS); (2) Semi-structured interviews with 21 physiotherapists examining Moral distress experiences using meticulous phenomenological analysis. Participants and Context: Israeli physiotherapists from various occupational settings recruited via professional networks. Ethical Considerations: The Haifa University Ethics Committee authorized the study. Informed consent was obtained for the anonymous survey and before interviews regarding recording, and quote use. Findings: Quantitative results showed moderately high average Moral distress, significantly higher among women and paediatric physiotherapists, positively correlating with Moral sensitivity. Qualitative findings revealed intense emotions around Moral distress experiences, inner conflicts between care ideals and constraints, and coping strategies like reflective skills. Senior therapists, despite higher self-efficacy and moral sensitivity, still reported persistent high distress. Discussion: Moral distress has complex links with moral sensitivity, self-efficacy, perceived professional autonomy and organizational support. A renewed framework emerged explaining relations between moral distress and personal, professional and organizational factors. Conclusions: Multidimensional insights help identify Moral distress causes and coping strategies among physiotherapists, advancing theory. Conclusions can shape ethics training programs and competencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Interdisciplinary Studies of Literature is the property of Interdisciplinary Studies of Literature Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Language, Speech & Swallowing Research / Dil, Konuşma ve Yutma Araştırmaları Dergisi (DKYAD) is the property of Journal of Language, Speech & Swallowing Research / Dil, Konusma ve Yutma Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Nurses occupy a pivotal role in the provision of palliative care, acting as frontline providers who address the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs of patients. The complexities inherent in palliative care frequently give rise to ethical dilemmas that significantly impact nurses' decision-making and patient interactions. It is therefore essential to gain an understanding of nurses' perceptions of ethical issues, quality of life, and adherence to patient rights in order to enhance the care delivered in these settings. Aim: This study aims to assess the ethical issues encountered by nurses in palliative care, evaluate their quality of life, and measure their understanding and adherence to patient rights. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted among a sample of 85 nurses working in palliative care settings, specifically within the Oncology Department and Pain Clinic at a Specialized Hospital in Egypt. A stratified random sampling technique was employed. The data were collected using standardised questionnaires, including the Ethical Issues Scale (EIS), the Nursing Quality of Life Scale (NQOLS), and the Patient Rights Questionnaire (PRQ). The validity and reliability of these instruments were established prior to the commencement of the study. The collected data were subjected to mean and standard deviation (SD) calculations. Statistical analyses, including the calculation of Pearson correlation coefficients, were conducted. Results: The study sample comprised a diverse cohort of nurses, with a mean age of 40 years. The ethical issues were evaluated, yielding a mean score of 4.03 (SD = 0.74) on the EIS, with the highest score for "Patient Care" (M = 4.2, SD = 0.7). The overall quality of life mean score was 6.75, with the working dimension exhibiting the highest mean score at 7.1. The PRQ results indicated a high level of awareness regarding patient rights, with a total mean score of 49.5 (SD = 6.8). The results of the correlation analysis indicated a moderate positive correlation between ethical issues and patient rights (r = 0.52, p < 0.01), and ethical issues and quality of life (r = 0.45, p < 0.01). Conversely, a weaker correlation was found between quality of life and patient rights (r = 0.40, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings elucidate the ethical challenges confronted by nurses in palliative care and their ramifications for the quality of life and adherence to patient rights. It is imperative that nurses engaged in palliative care undergo continuous education and training in order to enhance their ethical decision-making abilities and thereby improve the quality of care they provide. Recommendations: It is imperative that strategies be developed to support nurses in addressing ethical dilemmas, to promote awareness of patient rights, and to enhance their overall quality of life through targeted interventions and resources. Clinical trial: No clinical Trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Driven by several elements, including the unwillingness to pay for material, the spread of subscription services, and the profitability of illegal activity, digital piracy has grown to be a common problem in the contemporary world. Along with financial damages for businesses and content creators, this phenomenon has legal repercussions for individuals involved in piracy and cybersecurity issues. The effective fight against digital piracy depends on an awareness of the drivers and hazards connected with this illegal activity. With an eye towards a thorough knowledge of this intricate problem, in this study, the focus centers on the reasons, attitudes, and actions behind digital piracy. Through examining how people defend their behavior in particular situations, in this study, the aim is to clarify the ethical issues and decision-making procedures related to piracy—even among otherwise law-abiding people. Combining a variety of the relevant literature and ideas, including situation ethics theory, in this study, we seek to provide insights for legislators, business players, and academics eager to meet the difficulties presented by digital piracy. This study adds to the continuous discussion on lessening the detrimental effects of digital piracy on content creators, businesses, and cybersecurity by looking at the underlying reasons for piracy and supporting legal access to material. Along with a dearth of research on the origins and moral questions of digital piracy, there is a lot of contradictory material. By examining the factors behind this unlawful activity, clarifying the complex dynamics involved, and offering understanding of the causes of digital piracy, this study seeks to close a significant void in the knowledge. The findings of this study will enable individuals to develop strategies for handling this prevalent issue in the digital era. Developing successful interventions that can reduce this illegal conduct and safeguard the interests of content producers, businesses, and cybersecurity overall depends on an awareness of the reasons behind digital piracy. This study advances the knowledge of the difficulties presented by this global phenomenon by investigating the ethical issues and decision-making procedures related to digital piracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This piece offers a space for critical debate and reflection on the methodological and epistemological foundations that underpin feminist research on conflict, violence and peace. Taking stock of the variety of approaches and theoretical standpoints, we examine the (feminist) politics of knowledge production in academia and its limitations. We discuss how ontological and epistemological assumptions shape what counts as (feminist) academic knowledge and what is considered to be possible in (policy) practice. The article makes three contributions. First, we argue that the production of knowledge within disciplinary boundaries, and in particular, International Relations, is closely related to the discipline's history of positivism and exclusion. Second, to counter that, we propose a close engagement with Black and decolonial feminist methods of feeling-knowing, storytelling and collaboration. Third, we highlight that embracing uncertainty means accepting incommensurability and heterogeneity, as well as a shift away from the urge to accumulate knowledge towards paying attention to the process of co-constructing it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generative Al is an important strategic resource for driving a comprehensive leap in productivity, but it also triggers a series of ethical dilemmas. Ethics is rooted in human values and utilizes human intellectual systems to govern behavior. The "intelligent" system formed by generative AI through big data and supercomputing power is fundamentally different from the human intellectual system, leading to three main dilemmas: firstly, traditional aesthetic approaches are changing, leading to a reinterpretation of preferences for beauty; secondly, the value of life is being defined by ma- chines, and the true meaning of life may be redefined; thirdly, as human-machine co-decision-making becomes a common state, issues of fairness and justice become more prominent and exhibit new characteristics. This study has significant policy implications: policy-making should adhere to a human- centered ethical orientation, ensuring that technological development serves the free and all-round development of individuals; the development of AI should emphasize integrating Eastern wisdom to build a technology ethics system with Chinese characteristics; additionally, it is necessary to accelerate the construction of an independent philosophy and social sciences system, strengthen global influence, strictly uphold ethical boundaries, and promote the deep integration of technology and the humanities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Understanding ethical dilemmas is crucial as they enhance patient care and safety practices. The Zimbabwean healthcare environment, characterized by a shortage of equipment, poor remuneration, overcrowding of patients, and a massive exodus of workers, has been shown to increase the prevalence of ethical dilemmas faced by radiographers. This study aimed to explore the ethical dilemmas encountered by radiographers and the coping strategies they employ at central hospitals in the Harare Metropolitan Province, Zimbabwe. Methods: The study employed a qualitative exploratory design employing in-depth interviews. A total of 10 participants were recruited to explore the ethical dilemmas experienced by radiographers at 3 public hospitals in Harare. The interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data management was done in Nvivo 13 and six-step thematic analysis according to Braun and Clarke was used to analyse the data. Results: Four themes explaining ethical dilemmas faced by radiographers were created, including i. quality patient care, ii. balancing harm and care, iii. moral consideration, and iv. technical issues. Four themes representing the coping strategies employed by radiographers were also created, including i. expressing oneself, ii. human dignity, iii. maintaining professionalism, and iv. reference points. Conclusion: The study suggests that radiographers face ethical dilemmas, leading to moral distress and compromising their professional values. It underscores the importance of regularly assessing ethics during decision-making to reduce these issues and maintain professional integrity. Implications for practice: The study emphasizes the importance of integrating ethical training and support systems for radiographers to enhance patient care, protect professional integrity, and reduce moral distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the ethical challenges and possibilities of conducting responsible and transformative translanguaging pedagogy in adult education for second language learners with limited previous experience of schooling. We identify and explore ethical dilemmas in teachers' interaction and multilingual teaching practices. The data was produced in a linguistic ethnography and action research project. It consists of classroom observations and interviews with teachers who teach in the programme Swedish for Immigrants (SFI). The teachers express and embody ambivalence in relation to the students' use of their whole linguistic repertoires and the students are not always treated as competent to make informed decisions about their own use of linguistic repertoires. This touches on issues of citizenship and democracy and here the framework ethics of care offers context-specific ways of understanding and responding to the ethical challenges of multilingual teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

IntroductionDigital mental health care system includes the interventions delivered via digital technologies, such as mobile apps, websites, or virtual reality (VR). A recent upsurge in the digital mental healthcare care services has been observed in the last 5 years. With its core advantage of reaching the unreached, wider coverage, cost and time effectivity, all eyes are on the digital mental health care system. It is definitely a mechanism to cater rising prevalence of mental health concern, stigma towards mental health, accessibility and cost and uplift the psychological wellbeing. Success of the digital mental health care system has been researched world-wide. However, the same is not unaffected by the ethical concerns.MethodsThis study aims to perform a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of scholarly articles on ethical concerns and dilemmas of digital mental health care by utilizing data extracted from the Scopus database from 2000 to 2024 by analysing 123 research articles. Statistical descriptive analysis in combination with performance analysis and co-word analysis was used to understand the research trends, leading countries and country collaborations studying ethical concerns related to digital mental healthcare.Result and discussionThe first publication appeared in 2000 with zero research till the year 2005. In this decade till 2010 we can observe only 4 publications. Consistent publishing started trending upward through 2018, observing the largest increase during pandemic in 2020 and onwards constituting 100 publications. The United States of America is the leading country studying ethical dilemmas in Digital Mental healthcare, with 42 papers followed by United Kingdom with 23 publications. The most influential peace of research with 490 citations is article co-authored by Barak et al. (2009), which is defining internet-supported therapeutic interventions and related concerns. BMJ Open is noted as the leading journal which is publishing issues concerning Digital Mental Healthcare with 18 publications, followed by Frontiers in Psychiatry and JMIR Mental Health. Analyses reflects that the top cited articles on Digital Mental healthcare are specifically directed on bringing out some of the key concerns of data privacy, emergency response, therapist competency and consent which requires appropriate handling Otherwise they may be cause of distress to client and question the trustworthiness of the Digital Mental Health Care system.ConclusionThe concerns brought out through this bibliometric analysis could be important guiding principles for online mental health services. Alongside, mental health professionals operating online must have orientation on the ethical concerns surrounding online mental healthcare.

The study intends to describe and explore the quality of the implementation of supervision training at the Faculty of Social Studies, University of Ostrava. Among other things, the study provides a brief insight into the concept of courses focused on supervision in social work at selected public universities and colleges in Czechia. Data are processed through evaluation research. The data were collected using four selected techniques: a focus group, an anonymous online questionnaire from class evaluations, an anonymous online questionnaire from full semester course evaluations, and students’ reflective journals. Data were collected continuously over the academic years 2020 to 2023. The total number of communication partners was n=80. The research was viewed through a qualitative research survey lens. The study findings confirm the specifics of educational supervision, where dilemmas arise between voluntary participation in a supervision class and the student’s mandatory completion of the course and between the teacher and supervisor roles. The actual type and form of study (Bachelor’s, Master’s, part-time, full-time) influences the supervision process. Students’ reflection skills and working with them are essential here. Still, they are influenced by the educational context (compulsory participation in a supervision class, little choice of groups and supervisor) and related ethical aspects. The social work educator must deal with these difficulties by, for example, involving learners in the evaluation and development of teaching, using various forms of supervision, and approaching teaching quality as a priority.

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to examine auditors' decision making in the face of ethical dilemmas in small and medium sized audit firms that are trusted by the stock exchange. This research seeks to investigate the relationship between the effective factors (such as auditor experience, audit firm size) on auditors' ethical decisions and to evaluate the role of these factors on audit quality and accuracy.Methodology: The statistical population in this study consists of the trusted auditing firms of the stock exchange, which includes 77 firms that have been studied by the full number method. The data of this research have been collected through the design of questionnaires among the auditors of small and medium audit firms trusted by the stock exchange. The collected data were analysed using SPSS20 statistical software and qualitative analysis techniques.Findings: Four hypotheses were stated for this research. The results of the research show that audit experience and ethical decision making on audit problems (dilemmas) have a meaningful relationship. The results show that the size of the audit firm and ethical decision-making in audit problems (dilemmas) do not have a significant relationship. Also, there is no significant relationship between the ethical decision-making of audit problems (dilemmas) and the pressure received by the auditor from the client (employer) or the auditing firm.Originality/Value: This research can help improve the quality of audits in small and medium enterprises and increase public confidence in financial reports. Also, the results of this research can help policy makers and regulators to establish more effective rules and regulations to support the independence and professional ethics of auditors through a better understanding of the ethical challenges faced by auditors.

Abstract Introduction Globally, healthcare providers (HCPs), hospital administrators, patients and their caretakers are increasingly confronted with complex moral, social, cultural, ethical, and legal dilemmas during clinical care. In high-income countries (HICs), formal and informal clinical ethics support services (CESSs) have been used to resolve bioethical conflicts among HCPs, patients, and their families. There is limited evidence about mechanisms used to resolve these issues as well as experiences and perspectives of the stakeholders that utilize them in most African countries including Uganda. Methods This phenomenological qualitative study utilized in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) to collect data from Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI) staff, patients, and caretakers who were purposively selected. Data was analyzed deductively and inductively yielding themes and sub-themes that were used to develop a codebook. Results The study revealed there was no formal committee or mechanism dedicated to resolving ethical dilemmas at the UCI. Instead, ethical dilemmas were addressed in six forums: individual consultations, tumor board meetings, morbidity and mortality meetings (MMMs), core management meetings, rewards and sanctions committee meetings, and clinical departmental meetings. Participants expressed apprehension regarding the efficacy of these fora due to their non-ethics related agendas as well as members lacking training in medical ethics and the necessary experience to effectively resolve ethical dilemmas. Conclusion The fora employed at the UCI to address ethical dilemmas were implicit, involving decisions made through various structures without the guidance of personnel well-versed in medical or clinical ethics. There was a strong recommendation from participants to establish a multidisciplinary clinical ethics committee comprising members who are trained, skilled, and experienced in medical and clinical ethics.

Considering different archetypes —i.e., collective identity representations—helps to discern the multiple ways in which community and public service interpreters are compelled to be of help. I argue that archetypes are a useful analytical tool for interpreters: It allows them to name competing rationales for solidarity; it helps them identify underlying personal motivations that might otherwise remain unconscious; and it permits a conscious decision-making process for the search of ethical courses of action when faced with dilemmas. Conscious decision-making warrants coherent practice that aligns with high professional standards supporting the communicative autonomy of the parties to an interaction. In this article, I present both the model for this archetype-based approach to interpreters’ professional role as well as the analysis of three interpreters’ narrative accounts of their perceptions of role, solidarity, and the model proposed. This input from the field yields rich insights, illustrates the analytical power of the archetypes proposed, and suggests that an expansion of their list might be in order.

Ethical considerations are increasingly important because new online techniques of research such as online ethnography often have novel ethical challenges. Our research aims to help online ethnographers by providing a moral/philosophical framework to be used in making ethical decisions and guiding them to reflect on how these decisions affect and justify their methodological choices. We draw upon prior research on ethics and online ethnography, and utilize five key dimensions of moral and philosophical principles (autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, justice and trust, explicability) for our framework. Our research highlights essential ethical questions such as selecting a philosophical basis as your ethical frame and coming to terms with ambiguity, and related methodological guidelines such as avoiding personal prejudice, assumptions and bias, research site entry strategy, researcher's communication with the participants, protection of data, research site exit strategy and communicating online research findings. This paper contributes to the existing literature by identifying how moral and philosophical guidelines impact our ethical and methodological choices when engaging in online ethnography and what this means in terms of research practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Physicians are frequently faced with ethical dilemmas that require answers based in moral reasoning, which develops and evolves during their lives and their medical education. According to Kohlberg, there are three levels of moral reasoning development: pre-conventional (in which decisions are guided by oneself convenience), conventional (focused on obeying society’s rules), and post-conventional (decisions are based in universal ethical principles). The aim of this study was to describe the level of moral reasoning among new pediatric resident physicians in a tertiary hospital. Method: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from 2020 to 2023. The Defining Issues Test was used to assess the level of moral reasoning among 195 new pediatric resident physicians in a tertiary hospital. Results: Most resident physicians considered the fourth stage affirmations to be the most important. The median P-index (PI) was 40, and 49% of participants were on the post-conventional level of moral reasoning. The year with the lowest number of new resident physicians on the post-conventional level was 2021. Conclusion: The moral reasoning level among pediatric resident physicians was higher than the average found in general population. This suggests that the education received during the medical formation may influence the individuals’ moral development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

STUDY QUESTION How do individual religious, political, and social tolerance orientations influence the acceptance of ART among Spanish citizens? SUMMARY ANSWER Social tolerance and religiosity are predictive factors for the acceptance of ART, with more tolerant individuals and those with lower levels of religiosity being more accepting of ART; political conservatism mediates the relationship between social tolerance and acceptance of ART, particularly for left-leaning individuals. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The rapid advancement of ART has raised questions about its societal acceptance, especially in the context of religious, political, and social beliefs. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The analysis utilized data from the combined Europe Values Study and World Values Survey, comprising cross-sectional national surveys from 1981 to 2021. Each country's population was surveyed a maximum of seven times and a minimum of two times during this period. This study uses the cross-sectional data of 2021. After filtering for Spanish citizens and deleting cases with missing key variables, a sample of 1030 valid responses from Spanish citizens was obtained. Quotas were set for sex, age, and educational level, following guidance from the Spanish Statistics Institute. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The study surveyed participants' attitudes towards ART, their religious and political orientations, and collected demographic information. The sample consisted of 51.7% women, most respondents were married or in common-law partnerships, and 61.6% had children. Catholicism was the dominant religion (53.0%) and a majority had completed secondary education (66.2%), with half earning over 1400 euros per month. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Using two linear models to test hypotheses, the study found that social tolerance and religiosity significantly predict acceptance of ART, with more tolerant and less religious individuals being more accepting. Political conservatism mediated the relationship between social tolerance and ART acceptance, particularly among left-leaning individuals. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study is cross-sectional and based on self-reported data, which may have limitations. Additionally, the findings are based on a Spanish sample and may not be universally applicable. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The results have significant implications for policymakers and healthcare professionals in the field of reproductive technologies. They also contribute to public debates on ethical considerations surrounding ART. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was funded by the Mineco-FrontVida Program, Frontiers of Life, Social Change, and Changing Values Around the Beginning and End of Life (grant number PID2019-106882RB-I00), as part of the State Program for Knowledge Generation and Scientific and Technological Strengthening, and the State R&D Program Oriented to the Challenges of Society, 2019, Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities of Spain. The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Russia's invasion of Ukraine has triggered the biggest conflict in Europe since the Second World War. It has forced countries to prepare for engagement on a massive scale, namely, a high-intensity war between nation states. A potential massive influx of wounded personnel risks saturating logistical supply chains and requires changes to not only medical care but also a paradigm shift. In this context, the principle of distributive justice is key. The aim is to save as many lives as possible through triage, which consists in "doing the greatest good for the greatest number." This idea is fundamental, as an emergency that has passed is no longer an emergency. However, international texts and treaties not only underline that the sole criterion for triage is clinical severity, but they also fail to take into account the patient's status (civilian, friend, and foe). In a high-intensity warfare situation, these texts, and the medical-surgical triage criteria they provide are insufficient, as caregivers may be required to make decisions based on the status of the patient. The need to make such choices could cause psychological suffering among military caregivers, as individuals are recurrently faced with difficult ethical dilemmas. One way to prevent this happening is to provide predeployment training in wartime medical ethics. The latter would include both instruction in international humanitarian law and practical simulations of clinical situations where the person is faced with an ethical dilemma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a qualitative study of 15 NICU workers in a large European NICU, the author asks the subjects to consider what sorts of work environments are likely to result in moral distress and whether support by colleagues, administrators, the institution itself and even perceived societal support may reduce some kinds of moral distress. The majority of providers felt that the support of colleagues was essential; there was some disagreement about whether the larger community was aware of the nature of the work done in NICUs by health workers. These healthcare providers were also asked about memorable patient encounters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Continue Education Research is the property of Harbin Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Globally, healthcare providers (HCPs), hospital administrators, patients and their caretakers are increasingly confronted with complex moral, social, cultural, ethical, and legal dilemmas during clinical care. In high-income countries (HICs), formal and informal clinical ethics support services (CESSs) have been used to resolve bioethical conflicts among HCPs, patients, and their families. There is limited evidence about mechanisms used to resolve these issues as well as experiences and perspectives of the stakeholders that utilize them in most African countries including Uganda. Methods: This phenomenological qualitative study utilized in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) to collect data from Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI) staff, patients, and caretakers who were purposively selected. Data was analyzed deductively and inductively yielding themes and sub-themes that were used to develop a codebook. Results: The study revealed there was no formal committee or mechanism dedicated to resolving ethical dilemmas at the UCI. Instead, ethical dilemmas were addressed in six forums: individual consultations, tumor board meetings, morbidity and mortality meetings (MMMs), core management meetings, rewards and sanctions committee meetings, and clinical departmental meetings. Participants expressed apprehension regarding the efficacy of these fora due to their non-ethics related agendas as well as members lacking training in medical ethics and the necessary experience to effectively resolve ethical dilemmas. Conclusion: The fora employed at the UCI to address ethical dilemmas were implicit, involving decisions made through various structures without the guidance of personnel well-versed in medical or clinical ethics. There was a strong recommendation from participants to establish a multidisciplinary clinical ethics committee comprising members who are trained, skilled, and experienced in medical and clinical ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research seeks to expand the in-depth knowledge on the ethical dilemmas veterinary doctors face while providing care for homeless animals, brought to clinics by volunteers. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with veterinary doctors in Latvia. The study reveals the complex emotions involved in the interactions between veterinarians and volunteers, as well as the factors affecting a veterinarian's decision made about homeless animals. The results show a positive attitude towards the altruism of volunteers, but significant concerns around financial matters and the use of animals for fundraising. Debates about charging for stray care highlight potential disagreements between veterinarians and activists. Veterinarians prioritise education and advocacy, providing compassionate assistance to pet owners. Societal expectations strongly shape how they perceive their role, emphasising the reduction of animal suffering and the improvement of animal welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to examine auditors' decision making in the face of ethical dilemmas in small and medium sized audit firms that are trusted by the stock exchange. This research seeks to investigate the relationship between the effective factors (such as auditor experience, audit firm size) on auditors' ethical decisions and to evaluate the role of these factors on audit quality and accuracy. Methodology: The statistical population in this study consists of the trusted auditing firms of the stock exchange, which includes 77 firms that have been studied by the full number method. The data of this research have been collected through the design of questionnaires among the auditors of small and medium audit firms trusted by the stock exchange. The collected data were analysed using SPSS20 statistical software and qualitative analysis techniques. Findings: Four hypotheses were stated for this research. The results of the research show that audit experience and ethical decision making on audit problems (dilemmas) have a meaningful relationship. The results show that the size of the audit firm and ethical decision-making in audit problems (dilemmas) do not have a significant relationship. Also, there is no significant relationship between the ethical decision-making of audit problems (dilemmas) and the pressure received by the auditor from the client (employer) or the auditing firm. Originality/Value: This research can help improve the quality of audits in small and medium enterprises and increase public confidence in financial reports. Also, the results of this research can help policy makers and regulators to establish more effective rules and regulations to support the independence and professional ethics of auditors through a better understanding of the ethical challenges faced by auditors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of engineering construction in China, especially the emergence of large-scale engineering projects and self-built residential houses, ethical issues in engineering have become increasingly prominent. Engineering ethics encompass the moral issues within engineering practice. Currently, engineering ethics in China is in its early stages, due to a lack of practical experience and a comprehensive set of ethical norms and operational systems. To effectively prevent and control safety issues in self-built housing projects, and to avoid accidents, this paper firstly focuses on the causes of the collapse of self-built houses in Changsha on 29 April 2022, from the perspective of engineering ethics. By utilizing the meanings and relevant theories of engineering ethics, this paper analyzes the three ethical dilemmas involved in the collapse of self-built houses: the ethical dilemma faced by engineers, the dilemma of government credibility, and the dilemma of engineering ethics education. Subsequently, recommendations are proposed to address these dilemmas, focusing on enhancing engineers' ethical perspectives, improving government credibility, and strengthening engineering ethics education. Finally, an analysis and decision-making model is constructed based on the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China. The research findings of this paper have certain reference significance for ensuring the safety of residential buildings, which can effectively motivate governments, owners, designers, constructors, managers, and users to actively develop and promote high-quality sustainable buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to assess the proficiencies, ethical considerations, and crisis management abilities of emergency medicine residents through a multi-patient simulation program. The research investigates the impact of this training on developing skilled emergency care providers. Methods: Fifteen emergency medicine residents at various training levels were evaluated by two specialists across five simulation scenarios aligned with ACGME competencies. Performance in clinical decision-making, communication, and teamwork was assessed using a 5-point Likert scale and Google Forms, following obtaining informed consent. Results: The study lasted three days and included briefings, simulations, and debriefings. Residents demonstrated differing performance levels, excelling in patient history taking and data reassessment but facing challenges in forensic inquiries, ethical dilemmas, and team communication under pressure. Residency experience showed positive correlations with certain performance aspects. Conclusions: Variations in residents' performances highlight the complexities of emergency medicine and the role of simulation in identifying educational gaps. The debriefing session emphasized the importance of ethical practice and effective team communication. The debriefing session highlighted ethical conduct and effective team communication, advocating simulation-based training to improve emergency medicine competencies. Additionally, the session gathered information that would guide future research endeavors and the development of educational policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we aim to contribute to current discussions about ethical conduct in qualitative research practice. We provide examples of how ethics is a recurring issue throughout a research process and not just an issue to safeguard procedurally. The examples on which we build our argument are based on three research projects from two countries, namely, Norway and Denmark, focusing on three different groups, namely, the elderly, parents, and children. Through our analyses of these ethical dilemmas, we aim to provide reflections on dilemmas encountered in three different qualitative research projects at three different stages, specifically before, during, and after data collection. We thus provide a way for researchers to frame their work with ethical dilemmas as a continuous process beyond the checklist. Furthermore, we frame complex ethical dilemmas as something not to avoid but as a continuous part of a fruitful analytical process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social workers aiding older adults facing abuse from their adult child confront an ethical dilemma: whether to honor autonomy or prevent harm. The study explores how social workers perceive legal intervention against the older adult's will. Twenty-one aging-specialized social workers took part in semi-structured interviews using a vignette. The analysis was conducted inductively, guided by content analysis principles. Two main themes emerged, focusing on the disadvantages and benefits of legal intervention. The findings underscore that combining teleological and deontological considerations could form a foundation for developing decision-making tools to aid social workers in navigating this dilemma effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will look at the potential of artificial intelligence in the field of social work as a helping profession focused on social justice, social development, democracy, equality and the protection of human rights. Artificial intelligence represents a complex area that is still not advanced enough, especially in the field of social work. In this sense, AI is seen as a discipline and science that should make everyday life easier, while on the other hand there are still numerous moral and ethical issues, especially in the field of human rights protection. At first glance, AI and social work may seem like an unlikely combination, or even as conflicting disciplines; however, the paper will show the strengths, and the common tendencies of the aforementioned disciplines. Additionally, the paper will present what the main ethical dilemmas and challenges in the implementation of artificial intelligence in the field of social work are, as well as what various state-of-the-art mechanisms are provided at the moment. Finally, the paper leaves room for discussion about the digitalisation of social work, the practicality of applying AI in social work, as well as the possibilities of more proactive protection of human rights and the establishment of new policies and practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emergency physicians (EPs) navigate high-pressure environments, making rapid decisions amidst ambiguity. Their choices are informed by a complex interplay of experience, information, and external forces. While cognitive shortcuts (heuristics) expedite assessments, there are multiple ways they can be subtly manipulated, potentially leading to reflexive control: external actors steering EPs' decisions for their own benefit. Pharmaceutical companies, device manufacturers, and media narratives are among the numerous factors that influence the EPs' information landscape. Using tactics such as selective data dissemination, framing, and financial incentives, these actors can exploit pre-existing cognitive biases like anchoring, confirmation, and availability. This creates fertile ground for reflexive control, where EPs may believe they are acting independently while unknowingly serving the goals of external influencers. The consequences of manipulated decision making can be severe: misdiagnoses, inappropriate treatments, and increased healthcare costs. Ethical dilemmas arise when external pressures conflict with patient well-being. Recognizing these dangers empowers EPs to resist reflexive control through (1) critical thinking: examining information for potential biases and prioritizing evidence-based practices, (2) continuous education: learning about cognitive biases and mitigation strategies, and (3) institutional policies: implementing regulations to reduce external influence and to promote transparency. This vulnerability of emergency medicine decision making highlights the need for awareness, education, and robust ethical frameworks. Understanding reflexive control techniques is crucial for safeguarding patient care and promoting independent, ethical decision making in emergency medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of I.U. Journal of Translation Studies / İstanbul Üniversitesi Çeviribilim Dergisi is the property of I.U. Journal of Translation Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Policy practice refers to the engagement of social workers in policy processes as part of their job. Over the last decades the discourse on policy practice has expanded significantly. However, missing still is a comprehensive and systematic discussion focused on the ethical dilemmas that emerge when social workers engage in policy practice. The aim of this article is to offer a novel conceptual framework that identifies and categorises the diverse potential ethical dilemmas that emerge when social workers engage in policy practice. The framework draws upon the general conceptual and empirical literature on ethical issues within social work, the more specific macro practice literature which discusses ethical dilemmas, and our experience as teachers who have instructed social workers and social work students in policy practice. It combines two axes: the first axis relates to three prevalent types of ethical conflicts common both in direct and macro social work practice and the second relates schematically to three explicit or implicit decisions that social workers are required to take either prior to, or during, their engagement in policy process. The interactions between these two axes create 19 policy practice ethical dilemmas that are presented in the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Data Science: Journal of Computing & Applied Informatics is the property of TALENTA Publisher, Universitas Sumatera Utara and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)