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Introduction: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in intensive care units (ICUs) presents both opportunities and challenges for critical care nurses. This study delves into the human factor, exploring how nurses with leadership roles perceive the impact of AI on their professional practice. Objective: To investigate how nurses perceive the impact of AI on their professional identity, ethical considerations surrounding its use, and the shared meanings they attribute to trust, collaboration, and communication when working with AI systems. Methods: An interpretive phenomenological analysis was used to capture the lived experiences of critical care nurses leading with AI. Ten nurses with leadership roles in various ICU specializations were interviewed through purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews explored nurses’ experiences with AI, challenges, and opportunities. Thematic analysis identified recurring themes related to the human factor in leading with AI. Findings: Thematic analysis revealed two key themes which are leading with AI: making sense of challenges and opportunities and the human factor in leading with AI. The two main themes have six subthemes which revealed that AI offered benefits like task automation, but concerns existed about overreliance and the need for ongoing training. New challenges emerged, including adapting to new workflows and managing potential bias. Clear communication and collaboration were crucial for successful AI integration. Building trust in AI hinged on transparency, and collaboration allowed nurses to focus on human-centered care while AI supported data analysis. Ethical considerations included maintaining patient autonomy and ensuring accountability in AI-driven decisions. Conclusion: While AI presents opportunities for automation and data analysis, successful integration hinges on addressing concerns about overreliance, workflow adaptation, and potential bias. Building trust and fostering collaboration are fundamentals for AI integration. Transparency in AI systems allows nurses to confidently delegate tasks, while collaboration empowers them to focus on human-centered care with AI support. Ultimately, dealing with the ethical concerns of AI in ICU care requires prioritizing patient autonomy and ensuring accountability in AI-driven decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the ethical aspects related to telemedicine. A literature search on the topic was conducted, based on a systematic review of the specific ethical aspects of telemedicine using thirteen articles selected from the Web of Science and PubMed databases. The findings were grouped into the following categories: access; principles; quality of care; privacy, confidentiality, cybersecurity; commercialization, conflict of interest; trust and doctor-patient relationship; education, training and licensing; professional malpractice, telenegligence; virtual prescription of medications; shared decisions, patient empowerment; informed consent; governance and policies. The ethical aspects of telemedicine are important not only for adequate health care, but also for the construction of adequate public policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigated Chinese secondary school teachers' views on ethicality of teachers' practices in classroom assessment. Participants included 1,871 teachers from 205 secondary schools in 23 provinces, 4 municipalities, and 4 autonomous regions in China. A survey study with 14 authentic assessment scenarios revealed that there is no evident consensus on ethicality of teachers' practices in classroom assessment among the participant teachers, and discrepancies exist between teachers' views and the views of assessment professionals in the literature. Chinese secondary school teachers reported low agreement with the literature in assessment confidentiality, communication about grading, grading practice, and test administration. Gender and subject taught are significantly associated with teachers' ethical perceptions. The findings suggest that ethical issues in classroom assessment are complicated, and they are often interwoven with other factors including cultural background, educational policy, and institutional guidelines in assessments. The study findings are informative for the development of secondary school teacher education program, teachers' professional learning, and educational policy making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Definition: Higher education here is taken to be education beyond school level: often at an institution (a university) that has degree-awarding powers, though some programmes may lead to a diploma, certificate or other award or qualification. Nomenclature around "research" in the associated teaching and learning is contested: professional enquiry, scholarship of teaching and learning, pedagogical research... are some of the terms used. Authors discuss and distinguish such terms. An ethical issue is a circumstance in which a moral conflict arises or is implicit and should be resolved in a morally acceptable way. These include privacy, informed consent, insider research and power relationships within higher education research; there are also fluid challenges around the use of digital contributions. Authors present a narrative exegesis of work in the associated areas, which authors argue will be of use to universities promoting such research, and of particular interest to two groups of academics wishing to systematically develop their practice in ways that contribute to the field: those on teaching-only contracts, who would also demonstrate their research credentials; and researchers from non-education-cognate fields. Authors identify directions for further work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Changes in health needs led to an increase in virtual care practices such as telemedicine. Nursing plays an essential role in this practice as it is the key to accessing the healthcare system. It is important that this branch of nursing is developed considering all the ethical aspects of nursing care, and not just the legal concepts of the practice. However, this question has not been widely explored in the literature and it is of crucial relevance in the new concept of care. Objective: The purpose of this scoping review is to identify the ethical aspects of the development of telemedicine from a nursing practice perspective. Methods: A scoping review of the literature based on Arksey and O'Malley's framework. The search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE and CINAHL databases, from 2012 to 2022. A total of 1322 articles were retrieved, of which 12 met the inclusion criteria. Ethical considerations: The research was conducted in accordance with the best scientific practices. Findings: The most relevant aspects were the safety of the patient, the benefits for the user and the digital competence of the professionals. Informed consent and patient's willingness to use new technologies were relevant to the practice, as was person-centered care and how telemedicine can influence the quality of the therapeutic relationship. Another relevant issue was the concern about professional competence for optimal outcomes. Conclusion: It is necessary to further explore and develop the ethical aspects of the new practices, disassociating them from the legal aspects only. Professionals demand more training providing them with more competence and confidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Birth rate decline, due to the socio-economic conditions, constitutes an undoubtable fact in the western societies, during modern times. Postponement of initiation of pregnancy attempts usually leads modern couples to face infertility problems. Nevertheless, the evolution of medical science has made the offer of medical care to infertile couples possible, ensuring their internationally acknowledged right to found a family. However, the medical procedures of assisted reproductive technology give rise to several ethical issues. Among them, the treatment of the produced embryos as things or personalities, the right of women to receive medically-assisted reproduction services, even after menopause, the right of anonymity of gametes or eggs donors against the right of children to know the identity of their biological parents and the rights of surrogate mothers are of great concern for the society, the scientific community and to the legislators. Arguments in favour of one or another opinion are several and strong. Legislators, based on the internationally-acknowledged and constitutionally-registered human rights, set rules and restrictions to the implementation of the assisted reproductive technologies, however altering them, whenever it is needed, after taking into account the scientific and social evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assisted reproductive technology is a complex medical intervention with many potential social sensitivities. Within this domain, oocyte cryopreservation has emerged as an important research area for preserving female fertility. Against the backdrop of the hotly debated first legal case in China of a single woman wishing to freeze her eggs, and the implementation of the 'three‐child policy' in China, there is an urgent need to evaluate policies and address ethical considerations surrounding oocyte cryopreservation for non‐medical reasons. This review examines current policies, explores China's practices and research, and examines the latest ethical challenges surrounding non‐medical oocyte cryopreservation. It develops strategies and recommendations that will be relevant in China and other developing countries seeking to navigate this complex landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethical issues arise frequently in the treatment of substance use disorders (SUD). Counselors need guidance to navigate ethical dilemmas but receive limited training in resolving ethical issues. To narrow the gap between the ethical dilemmas counselors face and their training, this qualitative study assessed ethical issues that counselors encounter, how they resolve them, and desired training. We conducted qualitative individual interviews with 20 front-line counselors working in two SUD treatment programs, presenting brief vignettes that depicted the ethics code of the national organization representing SUD counselors. The interviews asked open-ended questions about how counselors dealt with issues and their ideas for future ethics training. All participants had encountered ethical dilemmas. Areas of concern included confidentiality and privacy, mandatory reporting, fairness/equity, client-counselor boundaries, tensions between workplace and client welfare, and meeting clients’ complex needs. Ways participants resolved ethical issues included consultations, using direct approaches to resolve ethical dilemmas, and commitment to providing client-centered care. Useful training in the workplace was sparse. Participants expressed needs for ongoing support to resolve workplace ethical dilemmas. Although the importance of ethical issues is widely acknowledged in treating SUD, this study underscores the need for ongoing and interactive training and supervision about ethical issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pair Programming is considered an effective approach to programming education, but the synchronous collaboration of two programmers involves complex coordination, making this method difficult to be widely adopted in educational settings. Artificial Intelligence (AI) code-generation tools have outstanding capabilities in program generation and natural language understanding, creating conducive conditions for pairing with humans in programming. Now some more mature tools are gradually being implemented. This review summarizes the current status of educational applications and research on AI-assisted programming technology. Through thematic coding of literature, existing research focuses on five aspects: underlying technology and tool introduction, performance evaluation, the potential impacts and coping strategies, exploration of behavioral patterns in technological application, and ethical and safety issues. A systematic analysis of current literature provides the following insights for future academic research related to the practice of "human-machine pairing" in programming: (1) Affirming the value of AI code-generation tools while also clearly defining their technical limitations and ethical risks; (2) Developing adaptive teaching ecosystems and educational models, conducting comprehensive empirical research to explore the efficiency mechanisms of AI-human paired programming; (3) Further enriching the application of research methods by integrating speculative research with empirical research, combining traditional methods with emerging technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While stakeholders provide invaluable perspectives about music therapy, particularly through the lens of their expertise as participants in music therapy encounters, their perspectives are rarely amplified in the context of full participation in research teams. In support of stakeholder participation in music therapy research, this article introduces and explores ethical considerations related to co-authorship. These ethical considerations are approached in three ways: (1) describing how co-authorship has been undertaken with music therapy stakeholders, specifically disabled children and adults, in a range of contexts, (2) Identifying ethical considerations related to our team's own research project (Devlin, K. Johnston, M. & Johnston, C. [2024]. Making mistakes together: therapy participant, parent, and therapist perspectives on music therapy in two different settings. Music Therapy Perspectives) with two coauthors who are also stakeholders, and (3) providing guidelines for music therapists interested in coauthoring research with stakeholders. In doing so, the importance of co-authorship as an accessible, equitable research practice is emphasized. Plain language abstract This article is about planning, doing, and writing research with people who are usually studied in music therapy research. We call this co-research. We talk about: •How to keep people safe •How to make decisions together •How to work and write as a team •If we should use our real names [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Audiences' shifts to online and interactive engagement have posed numerous challenges to Bangladesh's media ecology. This descriptive case study examines the current state of digital transition, complexities and competitions faced by the local television industry by putting Ntv Online, one of the first-generation television station's online portals and convergence pioneers, at the centre of the discussion. It explains how Ntv Online is internalizing and responding to convergence practice from both media market dynamics and organizational perspectives. This study believes that issues other than those raised by media technology are equally important in comprehending the digital transition of Bangladesh's television industry. The key findings indicate that the hybrid regime's intervention in free media practices as well as complex market competition from massive tech platforms limit Bangladesh's trajectory as a competitor in the global digital media arcade. This also implies that existing ownership and corporate structures may not support the required interoperability between management and journalists. However, the digital transitions of the private TV industry may pave the way for the creation of a democratic space for public deliberation, which is essentially demanded in the current hybrid regime's intervention in actualizing this shift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why you should read this article: • To be aware of national guidance recommending that all people with endometrial cancer should be tested for Lynch syndrome • To recognise that after a diagnosis of endometrial cancer, patients should be informed of their screening result for Lynch syndrome • To understand the importance of healthcare professionals providing patients with information about Lynch syndrome, and making clinical genetics referrals where appropriate. Lynch syndrome is an autosomal dominant inherited condition which predisposes individuals to developing certain cancers, including endometrial, colorectal and/or ovarian cancer. However, most people with Lynch syndrome are not aware that they have the condition. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance recommends that all patients with endometrial cancer should be tested for Lynch syndrome and that healthcare professionals should inform patients of the possible implications of test results for themselves and their relatives, and should make clinical genetics referrals where appropriate. This article details a cross-sectional survey that was undertaken to determine the level of awareness and understanding of Lynch syndrome among patients with endometrial cancer in the UK and to identify best practice and areas for improvement. Of the 144 eligible respondents, most were neither aware of Lynch syndrome before their cancer diagnosis nor that NICE recommends testing for the syndrome. Many respondents diagnosed with Lynch syndrome did not receive verbal or written information on the condition or referral to a clinical geneticist. This is necessary to increase patient uptake of testing and support them in sharing information with their relatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Psychological assessment in school settings involves a range of complexities and ethical dilemmas that practitioners must navigate carefully. This paper provides a comprehensive review of common issues faced by school psychologists during assessments, discussing best practices and ethical guidelines based on codes from various professional organizations. Methods: We examine the entire assessment process, from pre-assessment considerations like informed consent and instrument selection to post-assessment practices involving results communication and confidentiality. Key ethical concerns addressed include fairness in assessment, cultural and linguistic appropriateness of testing materials, and issues surrounding informed consent. Results: Specific challenges discussed include selecting appropriate assessment instruments that reflect the diverse needs and backgrounds of students, ensuring fairness and removing bias in testing, and effectively communicating results to various stakeholders while maintaining confidentiality. We emphasize the importance of multi-source, multi-method assessment approaches and the critical role of ongoing professional development in ethical practice. Conclusion: By adhering to established ethical standards and best practices, school psychologists can effectively support the educational and developmental needs of students. This paper outlines actionable recommendations and ethical considerations to help practitioners enhance the accuracy, fairness, and impact of their assessments in educational settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Globally, healthcare providers (HCPs), hospital administrators, patients and their caretakers are increasingly confronted with complex moral, social, cultural, ethical, and legal dilemmas during clinical care. In high-income countries (HICs), formal and informal clinical ethics support services (CESSs) have been used to resolve bioethical conflicts among HCPs, patients, and their families. There is limited evidence about mechanisms used to resolve these issues as well as experiences and perspectives of the stakeholders that utilize them in most African countries including Uganda. Methods: This phenomenological qualitative study utilized in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) to collect data from Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI) staff, patients, and caretakers who were purposively selected. Data was analyzed deductively and inductively yielding themes and sub-themes that were used to develop a codebook. Results: The study revealed there was no formal committee or mechanism dedicated to resolving ethical dilemmas at the UCI. Instead, ethical dilemmas were addressed in six forums: individual consultations, tumor board meetings, morbidity and mortality meetings (MMMs), core management meetings, rewards and sanctions committee meetings, and clinical departmental meetings. Participants expressed apprehension regarding the efficacy of these fora due to their non-ethics related agendas as well as members lacking training in medical ethics and the necessary experience to effectively resolve ethical dilemmas. Conclusion: The fora employed at the UCI to address ethical dilemmas were implicit, involving decisions made through various structures without the guidance of personnel well-versed in medical or clinical ethics. There was a strong recommendation from participants to establish a multidisciplinary clinical ethics committee comprising members who are trained, skilled, and experienced in medical and clinical ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why you should read this article: • To recognise that being able to die well with dementia is of equal importance to living well with dementia • To consider why there may be a low uptake of advance care planning (ACP) in people with dementia • To learn about when to initiate an ACP discussion with a person with dementia. Recent policy focus in dementia care has been on living well with the condition; however, being able to die well with dementia is of equal importance. Advance care planning (ACP) enables people to consider, express and record their wishes and preferences for palliative and end of life care, however there is a low uptake of ACP in people with dementia. Although ACP discussions should be initiated as soon as possible after a diagnosis of dementia, there are other opportunities and transition points in the person’s care during which health and social care professionals could promote, engage in and support ACP discussions. This article considers the importance of ACP in dementia care and uses a case study to explore opportunities for initiating and engaging in ACP with people with dementia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why you should read this article: • To recognise the principal components of ethical leadership • To be aware of what constitutes deviant workplace behaviours • To enhance your understanding of the relationship between deviant workplace behaviours and ethical leadership in managers. Background: There is increasing research interest in the relationship between ethical leadership and deviant workplace behaviour. Ethical leadership encompasses altruism, courage, ethical orientation, integrity and fairness. Examples of deviant workplace behaviours include theft, fraud, sabotage, assault, abuse, manipulation and bullying. It appears that when leaders are fair and emphasise ethical conduct, followers are less inclined to engage in deviant workplace behaviour. Aim: To investigate the relationship between nurses’ self-rated levels of deviant workplace behaviour and perceived levels of ethical leadership in managers. Method: For this descriptive correlational study, 355 nurses from one university hospital in Egypt responded to an online questionnaire comprising the Ethical Leadership Scale and the Workplace Deviance Behavior Scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to explore results and examine the relationships between study variables. Results: There was a statistically significant negative relationship between respondents’ self-rated levels of deviant workplace behaviour and their perceptions of levels of ethical leadership in managers. The results appeared to confirm previous research. Nurses who feel that they are treated fairly by their managers tend to have positive attitudes towards work, colleagues and management. Conclusion: Ethical leadership on the part of managers is a significant determinant of nurses’ behaviour in the workplace and should therefore be fostered by healthcare organisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Nowadays, cosmetic surgery has become a trend that absorbs a lot of public attention and still hot to discuss. These phenomenon leads to fundamental questions about the motivation behind someone undergoing cosmetic surgery and how individuals perceive their bodies. By gathering secondary data from various literature related to cosmetic surgery, it was found that the phenomenon is strongly influenced by several factors such as socio-cultural, psychological and economic aspect. These factors explain how individuals internalize widespread beauty norms, seeing cosmetic surgery as a goal to improve the quality of life, until the body is seen as a commodity that can be traded. This of course, affect how they view their bodies. However, cosmetic surgery also faces issues related to health risks, body image, life satisfaction, ethical dilemmas and moral issues. Therefore, theology needs to be present to provide consideration for those interested in or planning to undergo cosmetic surgery, by discussing the uniqueness of creation in the likeness and image of God, the body as the abode of the Spirit and the moral responsibility of the body. While there’s no definitive answer as to whether cosmetic surgery is permissible or not, theology serves as a means to reassess the motivations, impacts for those considering cosmetic surgery and to offer thoughtful considerations on the matter. Abstrak Hingga kini trend bedah kosmetik banyak menyerap atensi publik dan hangat diperbincangkan. Membawa pada pertanyaan mengenai apa motivasi dibalik seseorang melakukan bedah kosmetik dan bagaimana ia memandang tubuhnya. Dengan mengumpulkan data-data sekunder melalui berbagai literatur terkait topik bedah kosmetik didapatkan temuan bahwa fenomena bedah kosmetik kuat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti sosial-budaya, psikologi dan ekonomi. Faktor-faktor tersebut menjelaskan mulai dari bagaimana seseorang menginternalisasi norma kecantikan yang beredar secara masif, melihat bedah kosmetik sebagai tujuan meningkatkan kualitas hidup, hingga tubuh dilihat sebagai komoditas yang dapat diperjual-belikan; tentu ini berpengaruh pada bagaimana mereka memandang tubuhnya. Resikonya bedah kosmetik menghadapi persoalan di publik terkait dengan resiko kesehatan, citra tubuh, kepuasan hidup, permasalah etis serta moral. Oleh sebab itu teologi perlu hadir untuk memberikan pertimbangan-pertimbangan bagi mereka yang tertarik atau ingin melakukan beda kosmetik melalui pembicaraan tentang keunikan ciptaan terkait gambar-rupa Allah, tubuh sebagai kediaman Roh dan tanggung jawab moral pada Tubuh. Meski tidak ada jawaban yang tegas akan boleh atau tidaknya bedah kosmetik dilakukan, namun teologi hadir sebagai sarana menilik kembali motivasi, dampak, dari seseorang yang ingin melakukan bedah kosmetik dan memberikan pertimbangan terhadapnya.

Abstract Introduction The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in intensive care units (ICUs) presents both opportunities and challenges for critical care nurses. This study delves into the human factor, exploring how nurses with leadership roles perceive the impact of AI on their professional practice. Objective To investigate how nurses perceive the impact of AI on their professional identity, ethical considerations surrounding its use, and the shared meanings they attribute to trust, collaboration, and communication when working with AI systems. Methods An interpretive phenomenological analysis was used to capture the lived experiences of critical care nurses leading with AI. Ten nurses with leadership roles in various ICU specializations were interviewed through purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews explored nurses’ experiences with AI, challenges, and opportunities. Thematic analysis identified recurring themes related to the human factor in leading with AI. Findings Thematic analysis revealed two key themes which are leading with AI: making sense of challenges and opportunities and the human factor in leading with AI. The two main themes have six subthemes which revealed that AI offered benefits like task automation, but concerns existed about overreliance and the need for ongoing training. New challenges emerged, including adapting to new workflows and managing potential bias. Clear communication and collaboration were crucial for successful AI integration. Building trust in AI hinged on transparency, and collaboration allowed nurses to focus on human-centered care while AI supported data analysis. Ethical considerations included maintaining patient autonomy and ensuring accountability in AI-driven decisions. Conclusion While AI presents opportunities for automation and data analysis, successful integration hinges on addressing concerns about overreliance, workflow adaptation, and potential bias. Building trust and fostering collaboration are fundamentals for AI integration. Transparency in AI systems allows nurses to confidently delegate tasks, while collaboration empowers them to focus on human-centered care with AI support. Ultimately, dealing with the ethical concerns of AI in ICU care requires prioritizing patient autonomy and ensuring accountability in AI-driven decisions.

This paper aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of ethical issues faced by social enterprises operating in Kenya by examining the nature and complexity of these challenges. Furthermore, the research aims to explore strategies put in place by these social enterprises to promote ethical practices in their operations and discourage unethicality. This research used a qualitative approach to examine ethical issues in Kenya’s social enterprises. Semi-structured interviews with nine social enterprise leaders in Kenya were conducted. The paper provides empirical findings on the ethical issues that social enterprises in Kenya face and the strategies they have instituted to manage these ethical issues. Findings show that the ethical issues encountered are donor dependence, stakeholder interference, people management, cultural inclusivity and sensitivity, bribery, conflict of interest, transparency and accountability, and legal processes. Measures for handling ethical issues in social enterprises include attaining financial independence and sustainability, compliance with the law, promoting community relationships and engagement, and promoting transparency and accountability. The methods used to collect data may present issues like generalizability due to the sample size for the social enterprise leaders. The paper contributes to building a more ethical and sustainable social enterprise ecosystem in Kenya by identifying and addressing ethical concerns. Furthermore, identifying ethical issues can guide regulators and policymakers in creating guiding frameworks and powerful brand images, developing “brand ambassadors,” and managing the balance between stability and change.

Whether recreational or professional, sport is an integral part of human life, so its daily impact on society is undeniable. It is, therefore, important to recognise the role of moral values and ethics in sport, which can help to ensure fairness and preserve the integrity of professional sports. In recent years, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of implementing these values in professional sport, as it is crucial to enable physical performance without compromising the very essence of sport. However, using prohibited substances and methods in professional sports today has become an increasingly worrying ethical issue, particularly in sports medicine. The primary aim of sports science, especially sports physiology, is to help athletes improve their performance and prevent and overcome injuries, while the primary goal of sports management and some athletes is often to win, which can lead to unethical means to achieve this goal. This behaviour raises many ethical doubts and highlights the need for a framework to address these contemporary challenges increasingly facing professional sport today. Bioethics can effectively address these challenges by examining medical and scientific advances’ ethical, social, moral, and legal implications. By considering the values, principles, and norms underlying medical and scientific practices, bioethics in the context of sport can provide guidance and recommendations for bioethical decision-making concerning (bio)ethical doubts or controversies that may arise, such as the use of performance-enhancing drugs, non-therapeutic use of gene therapy and ethical considerations related to using new technologies. This paper, therefore, aims to emphasise the importance of bioethics as a bridging science in sport in the context of the (bio)ethical challenges that increasingly characterise the professional practice of sport today.

Abstract Background Psychological assessment in school settings involves a range of complexities and ethical dilemmas that practitioners must navigate carefully. This paper provides a comprehensive review of common issues faced by school psychologists during assessments, discussing best practices and ethical guidelines based on codes from various professional organizations. Methods We examine the entire assessment process, from pre-assessment considerations like informed consent and instrument selection to post-assessment practices involving results communication and confidentiality. Key ethical concerns addressed include fairness in assessment, cultural and linguistic appropriateness of testing materials, and issues surrounding informed consent. Results Specific challenges discussed include selecting appropriate assessment instruments that reflect the diverse needs and backgrounds of students, ensuring fairness and removing bias in testing, and effectively communicating results to various stakeholders while maintaining confidentiality. We emphasize the importance of multi-source, multi-method assessment approaches and the critical role of ongoing professional development in ethical practice. Conclusion By adhering to established ethical standards and best practices, school psychologists can effectively support the educational and developmental needs of students. This paper outlines actionable recommendations and ethical considerations to help practitioners enhance the accuracy, fairness, and impact of their assessments in educational settings.

Abstract Introduction Globally, healthcare providers (HCPs), hospital administrators, patients and their caretakers are increasingly confronted with complex moral, social, cultural, ethical, and legal dilemmas during clinical care. In high-income countries (HICs), formal and informal clinical ethics support services (CESSs) have been used to resolve bioethical conflicts among HCPs, patients, and their families. There is limited evidence about mechanisms used to resolve these issues as well as experiences and perspectives of the stakeholders that utilize them in most African countries including Uganda. Methods This phenomenological qualitative study utilized in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) to collect data from Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI) staff, patients, and caretakers who were purposively selected. Data was analyzed deductively and inductively yielding themes and sub-themes that were used to develop a codebook. Results The study revealed there was no formal committee or mechanism dedicated to resolving ethical dilemmas at the UCI. Instead, ethical dilemmas were addressed in six forums: individual consultations, tumor board meetings, morbidity and mortality meetings (MMMs), core management meetings, rewards and sanctions committee meetings, and clinical departmental meetings. Participants expressed apprehension regarding the efficacy of these fora due to their non-ethics related agendas as well as members lacking training in medical ethics and the necessary experience to effectively resolve ethical dilemmas. Conclusion The fora employed at the UCI to address ethical dilemmas were implicit, involving decisions made through various structures without the guidance of personnel well-versed in medical or clinical ethics. There was a strong recommendation from participants to establish a multidisciplinary clinical ethics committee comprising members who are trained, skilled, and experienced in medical and clinical ethics.

Higher education here is taken to be education beyond school level: often at an institution (a university) that has degree-awarding powers, though some programmes may lead to a diploma, certificate or other award or qualification. Nomenclature around “research” in the associated teaching and learning is contested: professional enquiry, scholarship of teaching and learning, pedagogical research… are some of the terms used. Authors discuss and distinguish such terms. An ethical issue is a circumstance in which a moral conflict arises or is implicit and should be resolved in a morally acceptable way. These include privacy, informed consent, insider research and power relationships within higher education research; there are also fluid challenges around the use of digital contributions. Authors present a narrative exegesis of work in the associated areas, which authors argue will be of use to universities promoting such research, and of particular interest to two groups of academics wishing to systematically develop their practice in ways that contribute to the field: those on teaching-only contracts, who would also demonstrate their research credentials; and researchers from non-education-cognate fields. Authors identify directions for further work.

The global community was confronted with the biggest crisis in decades with the emergence of the Sars-Cov-2 respiratory syndrome which challenged the sustainability of health systems and the emergence, recognition and management of ethical issues. The review of the international literature showed that the ethical issues that emerged during the pandemic in the ICU, were: 1) The conflict stemming from the ethical stance of health professionals in providing care to Sars-CoV-2 patients with the fear of their possible infection and transmission of the virus to their family members 2) Screening patients according to their priority for treatment 3) Selecting patients for respiratory support 4) Selecting patients for home care 5) Which patients should have hospital care 6) The inadequate provision of health services in the "new beds of ICU" 7) The deterioration of patients with co-morbidities 8) The compromised rights of patients and family members regarding decision-making 9) The separation of severely ill patients from their loved ones 10) The lack of opportunity for the family to say goodbye to their deceased member and 11) The possible spread of viral infection in areas with few cases where there were ICU beds. The ethical issues that emerged during the pandemic in NCDs should form the basis for a new health policy strategy with interventions and actions to respond effectively to new challenges that will arise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why you should read this article: • To increase your awareness of the growing importance of personalised medicine in cancer services • To enhance your understanding of the support needs of patients who undergo genomic testing • To contribute towards revalidation as part of your 35 hours of CPD (UK readers) • To contribute towards your professional development and local registration renewal requirements (non-UK readers). Knowledge of genomics and genetic testing is increasingly being used to inform cancer diagnosis, prognosis and effective treatment, known as personalised or precision medicine. The NHS aims to embed genomics into diagnostic pathways, meaning that it is becoming a routine aspect of cancer care. Therefore, it is important that cancer nurses have an understanding of genomics and personalised medicine so that they can provide appropriate information and support to patients and families. This article is designed to equip nurses with the skills to start essential genomic conversations with patients to support them through their cancer pathways. It focuses on Lynch syndrome, an inherited condition that increases the risk of developing certain cancers, and explains the genetics, testing, surveillance and psychological aspects of care for patients and families affected by this syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why you should read this article: • To better understand the areas of risk that may become apparent across the life course of dementia • To recognise the ethical issues posed by trying to eliminate the risk of harm for people living with dementia • To consider how the principles of safeguarding apply to risk management in dementia care. What constitutes a risk for a person living with dementia may be perceived and prioritised differently by nurses from varying clinical backgrounds. Furthermore, risk may be perceived differently according to the context. This article outlines some of the social, psychological and physical risk factors relevant to people living with dementia across the life course of the condition. It is important that nurses understand their role in identifying, assessing and managing risk and are aware of the resources, policies, legislation and processes designed to support decision-making and minimise the risk of harm to people living with dementia, their families and carers. The authors hope that this article will support nurses to become more confident in identifying risk while encouraging them to adopt a proactive and person-centred approach to risk assessment and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Frontline nurses who care for patients with COVID-19 work in stressful environments, and many inevitably struggle with unanticipated ethical issues. Little is known about the unique, ethically sensitive issues that nurses faced when caring for patients with COVID-19. Aim: To better understand how frontline nurses who care for patients with COVID-19 experience ethical issues towards others and themselves. Methods: Systematic review of qualitative evidence carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses on ethical literature (PRISMA-Ethics). The electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Cinahl, Web of Science, Philosopher's Index, and Scopus were queried to identify candidate articles. Articles appearing from March 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022 were considered if they met the following inclusion criteria: (1) Published qualitative and mixed method studies and (2) ethical issues experienced by nurses caring for patients with COVID-19. We appraised the quality of included studies, and data analysis was guided by QUAGOL principles. Findings: Twenty-six studies meeting our inclusion criteria for how nurses experience ethical issues were characterised by two key themes: (1) the moral character of nurses as a willingness to respond to the vulnerability of human beings and (2) ethical issues nurses acted as barriers sometimes, impeding them from responding to requests of vulnerable human beings for dignified care. Conclusion: Our review provides a deeper understanding of nurses' experiences of ethically sensitive issues, while also highlighting the critical need for adjustments to be made at organisational and societal levels. Ethical issues that emerged in situations where organisational and situational constraints impeded nurses' ethical responses to patients' appeals suggests that early practical support should be made available to resolve ethical issues recognised by nurses. Such support contributes to protecting and promoting not only the dignity of patients with COVID-19 but also of fellow humans in need during crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The situation of asylum seekers confined under deportation orders can expose caregivers to major clinical and organisational ethics issues. To help caregivers and healthcare organisations find ethical guidance, I reviewed the challenges of access to care and analysed the health and socio-political data to understand the ethical and logistical issues they face in these situations. My research shows that the situation of these patients raises issues of law, equity and distributive justice, and that there is a wide gap in knowledge about these situations and the resources available. This exploratory study shows that independent doctors, independent community resources and hospitals are the resources best placed to meet the care needs of refused asylum seekers, and that there is an urgent need to raise awareness and train caregivers in these issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract Background Moral distress (MD) is the psychological damage caused when people are forced to witness or carry out actions which go against their fundamental moral values. The main objective was to evaluate the prevalence and predictive factors associated with MD among health professionals during the pandemic and to determine its causes. Methods A regional, observational and cross-sectional study in a sample of 566 professionals from the Public Health Service of Andalusia (68.7% female; 66.9% physicians) who completed the MMD-HP-SPA scale to determine the level of MD (0-432 points). Five dimensions were used: i) Health care; ii) Therapeutic obstinacy-futility, iii) Interpersonal relations of the Healthcare Team, iv) External pressure; v) Covering up of medical malpractice. Results The mean level of MD was 127.3 (SD=66.7; 95% CI 121.8-132.8), being higher in female (135 vs. 110.3; p

Abstract Background The expressions of a “wish to hasten death” or “wish to die” raise ethical concerns and challenges. These expressions are related to ethical principles intertwined within the field of medical ethics, particularly in end-of-life care. Although some reviews were conducted about this topic, none of them provides an in-depth analysis of the meanings behind the “wish to hasten death/die” based specifically on the ethical principles of autonomy, dignity, and vulnerability. The aim of this review is to understand if and how the meanings behind the “wish to hasten death/die” relate to and are interpreted in light of ethical principles in palliative care. Methods We conducted a meta-ethnographic review according to the PRISMA guidelines and aligned with Noblit and Hare’s framework. Searches were performed in three databases, Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, with no time restrictions. Original qualitative studies exploring the meanings given by patients, family caregivers and healthcare professionals in any context of palliative and end-of-life care were included. A narrative synthesis was undertaken. PROSPERO registration CRD42023360330. Results Out of 893 retrieved articles, 26 were included in the analysis, accounting for the meanings of a total of 2,398 participants. Several factors and meanings associated with the “wish to hasten death” and/or “wish to die” were identified and are mainly of a psychosocial and spiritual nature. The ethical principles of autonomy and dignity were the ones mostly associated with the “wish to hasten death”. Ethical principles were essentially inferred from the content of included articles, although not explicitly stated as bioethical principles. Conclusions This meta-ethnographic review shows a reduced number of qualitative studies on the “wish to hasten death” and/or “wish to die” explicitly stating ethical principles. This suggests a lack of bioethical reflection and reasoning in the empirical end-of-life literature and a lack of embedded ethics in clinical practice. There is a need for healthcare professionals to address these topics compassionately and ethically, taking into account the unique perspectives of patients and family members. More qualitative studies on the meanings behind a wish to hasten death, their ethical contours, ethical reasoning, and implications for clinical practice are needed.