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Cerebral Palsy represents the most prevalent motor disorder during childhood. Establishing risk factors associated with this disorder is challenging due to its frequently multifactorial etiology. A descriptive study was conducted, involving a sample of 152 patients diagnosed with Cerebral Palsy and treated between March 2020 and January 2022. Various bibliographic sources, including Pubmed, Dialnet, Scielo, among others, were consulted for the study. Additionally, the medical records of these patients were thoroughly examined to identify the risk factors linked to the etiology of this condition. Expert consultations were conducted, employing the Application of Compensatory Fuzzy Logic in neutrosophic extension. Through this strategic analysis, it was determined that the highest percentage of cases is concentrated in the Peri Natal Period. Consequently, proposed actions aim to prevent such disorders that can potentially impact the well-being of the infant and their family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista ADM is the property of Asociacion Dental Mexicana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Los nuevos heridos de Malabou, obra que revisa y actualiza el corpus freudiano sobre el trauma, expone un diagnóstico de la desafección contemporánea: la violencia hoy se presenta como si no tuviese sentido y es la exposición a este daño que es, en realidad, relacional el que constituye subjetividades desafectivas. Uno de los traumas sociopolíticos señalados por la autora es la violencia sexual. Con la obra de Linda Alcoff pasamos de una teoría general del trauma a una herida específicamente de género. Ambas filósofas retoman la potencialidad del vínculo, de prácticas de mutualidad, para contra-efectuar las pérdidas de la violencia. Tres paradigmas posibles de la recuperación —dialéctica, deconstrucción y plasticidad— se derivan de la sentencia “las heridas del espíritu curan sin dejar cicatriz” de la Fenomenología del Espíritu según Malabou. ¿Qué formas de recuperación plantea el feminismo cuando este se convierte en una herramienta etiológica para la reconstrucción afectiva y narrativa de las subjetividades heridas?

Introducción: El bruxismo del sueño es una actividad parafuncional en la que se produce el apretamiento y/o rechinamiento dentario tanto en la población infantil como en la adulta. Objetivo: Recoger el conocimiento actual disponible sobre las causas, diagnóstico y tratamiento del bruxismo del sueño en niños para facilitar al odontólogo y/u odontopediatra su identificación y adecuado manejo en la clínica diaria. Material y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica electrónica de artículos publicados en inglés entre los años 1986 y 2023 sobre bruxismo del sueño en menores de 14 años. Se seleccionaron 36 artículos. Resultados: La prevalencia del bruxismo del sueño en niños oscila entre el 5 y el 46%. De etiología multifactorial, sus manifestaciones clínicas son tanto intraorales como extraorales. El diagnóstico, en la mayoría de los casos, no resulta fácil y debe realizarse evaluando no solo sus consecuencias sino también los elementos etiológicos implicados. El tratamiento integral requiere de un abordaje temprano y multidisciplinar combinando técnicas psicológicas y odontológicas. La evidencia disponible no avala el uso de férulas de descarga rígidas en niños. Conclusión: El conocimiento actual sobre el bruxismo del sueño en niños busca centrarse en el disgnóstico temprano y en el tratamiento etiológico, pero todavía en necesario seguir realizando estudios para generar un protocolo estandarizado para el diagnóstico precoz que ayude en la toma de decisiones del clínico y mejore la calidad de vida del paciente a corto, mediano y largo plazo.

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Introducción: La glomeruloesclerosis es una glomerulopatía poco común, se considera también como patrón histológico, misma que involucra daño selectivo en ciertas áreas de los glomérulos y puede originarse por varias entidades clínico – patológicas. Objetivo: Describir a partir de la clasificación de la glomeruloesclerosis focal y segmentaria las características histológicas que exhibe cada variante, asimismo, el cuadro clínico, diagnóstico y tratamiento, a través de la revisión de fuentes bibliográficas. Metodología: Revisión bibliográfica narrativa a cerca de glomeruloesclerosis focal y segmentaria a partir de documentos obtenido de bases de datos como Elsevier, Scopus, Scielo, Redalyc, Pubmed y Google Académico. Resultados: Se encontraron aproximadamente 85 resultados de los cuales solo fueron utilizados 34 documentos que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión establecidos. Discusión: Esta patología causa cicatrización de los glomérulos, generando características propias a nivel histológico, el diagnóstico implica análisis de orina, pruebas de sangre y biopsia renal, mientras que el tratamiento se enfoca en reducir la proteinuria, controlar la presión arterial y retrasar el deterioro de la función renal. Conclusión: Según su etiología esta patología se clasifica como primaria, genética y secundaria, por otra parte, de acuerdo con su histopatología esta exhibe cinco subgrupos, variante colapsante, perihiliar, en punta, celular y no especifica. El cuadro clínico de los pacientes es variable y principalmente se caracteriza por la presencia de edema y proteinuria, el tratamiento es únicamente sintomatológico y ayuda a disminuir la progresión rápida de la patología a enfermedad renal crónica.

La maloclusión clase III esquelética, dentaria y funcional, está asociada a una desviación en la relación sagital de los maxilares ya sea por deficiencia, retrusión maxilar, por prognatismo o macrognatismo mandibular, caracterizada por alteración de un solo componente o una posible combinación, su etiología es multifactorial debido a una interacción de factores tanto hereditarios como ambientales. Objetivo: Analizar sobre la maloclusión clase III, su diagnóstico y opciones de tratamiento en niños y adultos que permitan mejorar la estética y función. Metodología: Investigación de tipo descriptivo, con enfoque cualitativo, por medio de recopilación de fuentes bibliográficas en revistas científicas indexadas en bases de datos regionales. Resultados: Identificar los posibles tratamientos en pacientes clase III esquelética es el desafío ya que no solo se finaliza con un tratamiento, es necesario la combinación de estos, donde independientemente del tratamiento existe recidiva después del periodo del tratamiento, Determinar el tiempo es ideal para tratar una maloclusión clase III, ya que el tratamiento de esta varía dependiendo la edad del paciente y la severidad de la maloclusión. Conclusión: Es necesario realizar un diagnóstico y plan de tratamiento individualizado las mismas que se pueden conseguir a través de auxiliares de diagnóstico, como las radiografías cefalométricas, ortopantomografías, y modelos de estudio.

Introducción: La meningitis y encefalitis son neuro infecciones potencialmente fatales para la población pediátrica. La incidencia de meningitis es de 4 a 30 casos por 100.000 habitantes y para encefalitis es de 3 a 7 casos por 100.000 habitantes. Materiales y método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo con el objetivo de identificar las características clínicas, microbiológicas y desenlaces de una cohorte de pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de encefalitis o meningitis, de una institución de alta complejidad en Cali, Colombia durante marzo del 2017 y diciembre del 2020. Resultados: Se analizaron las historias clínicas de pacientes atendidos en la Fundación Valle del Lili durante el periodo mencionado y se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo encontrando mayor proporción de aislamiento de Streptococcus agalactiae en los casos de etiología bacteriana, mientras que el Enterovirus fue el microorganismo más frecuentemente aislado en los casos de etiología viral. El síntoma más reportado al ingreso fue fiebre en el 78.6% de los pacientes, seguido de emesis (61.9%) y alteración del sensorio (52.4%).Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio demuestra la importancia de las pruebas moleculares para el apropiado diagnóstico etiológico y manejo de las meningitis y encefalitis.

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RESUMEN: El artículo define brevemente la fibromialgia dentro de un contexto más amplio incluyendo las raíces históricas del concepto y su posible etiología, así como su interpretación dentro de los modelos biopsicosociales más actuales, con implicaciones terapéuticas de alto interés.

Introducción: Durante la sesión de diálisis, pueden ocurrir reacciones de hipersensibilidad al dializador. Clínicamente, estos cuadros pueden variar en gravedad, desde prurito, eritema y edema facial hasta cuadros más graves como disnea, broncoespasmo, taquipnea, cianosis, shock y parada cardíaca. Presentamos un caso inusual de posible choque anafiláctico a repetición dada posiblemente por el uso de un dializador con membrana de helixona. Caso clínico: Mujer hipertensa y diabética tipo 2 de 60 años, quien presentó uremia con hipervolemia y fue sometida a tratamiento dialítico en el programa de hemodiálisis. Durante la sexta sesión presentó parada cardiorrespiratoria presenciada, con recuperación de circulación espontánea luego de reanimación cardiopulmonar avanzada. Manejo: Requirió el manejo en terapia intensiva con nitroprusiato intravenoso, intubación con ventilación mecánica. Evolución: Ante un nuevo tratamiento nuevamente desarrolló inestabilidad hemodinámica con hipotensión al inicio del tratamiento. Fue transferida al programa de diálisis peritoneal. Conclusión: Se reporta una reacción anafiláctica a helixona asociada a hipotensión y choque anafiláctica.

Introduction: Oral cancer continues to be one of the malignant neoplasms on the rise, according to its incidence and the significant number of deaths each year. In this sense, health programs have been developed for the population that guarantee screening, prevention and care of the diseases. Objective: To characterize patients with oral cancer at the María Curie Oncological Teaching Provincial Hospital in Camagüey province during the period 2018-2022. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the María Curie Oncological Teaching Provincial Hospital of Camagüey province in a universe of 218 patients, who attended the Head and Neck Surgery Service from 2018 to 2022 and had oral cancer as diagnosis. The sample was limited to 113 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Oral cancer predominated in the male sex with 89 (78.76%) in the years 2019 and 2021. There was a higher incidence in patients with white skin with 97 (85.84%) and the year 2021 showed a higher number of these patients. The tongue was the most affected with 43 (30.05%) patients, followed by the floor of the mouth in 18 (15.92%) and the gums in 17 (15.04%) patients. According to stage there was a predominance of stage IV in 61 (53.98%) patients, followed by stage III with 18.58% of patients diagnosed. Conclusions: Male sex prevailed in the 60 to 79 years age group and white skin patients were the most affected. The location of the lesions manifested with greater incidence on the tongue and stages IV and III of the disease are the most representative at the time of diagnosis.

Introducción: el ataque cerebrovascular isquémico en el adulto joven se define como aquel que ocurre en la población entre los 18 y los 55 años, y representa el 15-18?% de todos los ACV isquémicos. Los factores de riesgo en jóvenes son comunes a los encontrados en adultos mayores. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir las características clínicas y los factores de riesgo de una población menor de 55 años con ACV isquémico atendida en un centro de referencia hospitalario en Colombia. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de corte transversal en pacientes entre los 18 y los 55 años; se incluyeron 100 pacientes sobrevivientes a un primer ACV isquémico agudo confirmado por neuroimagen, atendidos entre enero de del 2019 y noviembre del 2021. Resultados: de 1023 pacientes con diagnóstico de ACV isquémico agudo, el 9,8?% fueron adultos jóvenes. La media de edad fue de 45 ± 8,7 años, y el 59?% de estos pacientes fueron hombres. Discusión: los factores de riesgo “tradicionales” se presentan en la mayoría de los jóvenes con ACV isquémico. La hipertensión arterial se mantiene como el antecedente más frecuente. Las mujeres presentan eventos de mayor severidad y peor desenlace funcional. Conclusión: los pacientes mayores de 45 años tienen un perfil de factores de riesgo similar a lo observado en adultos mayores con ACV, mientras que en los menores de 45 años se encuentra un perfil de factores de riesgo diferente que plantea un diagnóstico etiológico particular de esta población.

Among the traumas, those that affect the oral and maxillofacial region stand out considerably, due to their high complexity and the fact that they affect a bodily region with great physiological, aesthetic and social importance. This study aimed to characterize the facial traumas that generate fractures, specifying their distribution and etiology, in patients who were hospitalized. For this, a cross-sectional study was carried out on secondary data, in which 407 medical records of patients hospitalized by the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service of the public network at Hospital da Restauração Governador Paulo Guerra - HR, in the city of Recife-Pernambuco, were collected, from which 130 medical records were selected whose reason for admission into the hospital was trauma to the bones of the face, hospitalized in the period between January 1st and December 31st, 2021, representing the sample of this study. The results regarding the distribution of fractures showed that the mandible was the most affected bone (66% of the cases), followed by the maxilla with 35%, the zygoma with 29%, the orbit with 15% and the bones of the nose in 12%. As for the etiology, car accident was responsible for the highest frequency of fractures with 29%, followed by physical aggression, with 22%, Firearm Projectile (16%), falls (16%), others (10%). It can be concluded that, in the period studied, the mandible was the most affected bone by fractures and traffic accidents were the main causes of facial fractures requiring hospitalization, and men being five times more affected than women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la etiología, características clínicas y tipos de tratamiento en pacientes con maloclusión clase I de Angle. Los problemas que producen las maloclusiones son los principales obstáculos a los que se enfrentan los ortodoncistas, ya que estos no solo comprometen la estética del paciente sino también la funcionabilidad de todo el sistema estomatognático. La maloclusión tiene etiología variada relacionada a dos tipos de factores, locales y generales. Las maloclusiones clase I abarcan las anomalías donde la relación anteroposterior de los arcos superior e inferior se encuentran en los límites normales siendo el grupo dentario anterior el que presenta anomalías. Es de suma importancia realizar un diagnóstico completo para poder decidir cuál es el mejor tratamiento que se le puede dar al paciente, entre los tipos de tratamientos para esta patología tenemos: tratamiento preventivo, que nos ayuda a evitar que se instaure el problema, interceptivo, con el cual trataremos la maloclusión justo cuando está desarrollándose para evitar que avance, y el correctivo que nos ayuda a corregir la patología una vez instaurada.

Introduction: The pathogenesis of vitiligo is multifactorial; its diagnosis is mainly clinical and, in selected cases, is supported by histopathological studies that show the absence of melanocytes. The fundamental aspects of vitiligo are presented with emphasis on immunopathological events. Methodology: Narrative review. The PubMed® and Google Scholar search engines were used, with the following terms: "vitiligo", "vitiligo aetiology", "immunopathogenesis of vitiligo" and "vitiligo history". A total of 45 articles were selected, including Colombian literature. Results and discussion: Vitiligo is a disease as old as humanity. Until today, a clear causal phenomenon has not been established, but rather a set of events related to its origin and perpetuation. Thanks to decades of research, some genetic and environmental influences on melanocytes have been revealed, which lead to a greater susceptibility to oxidative damage and a decrease in their intercellular adhesion. In response to different noxa, innate and adaptive immunity are activated, leading to the destruction of the melanocyte mediated by cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Participation of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway, especially JAK-1 and JAK-2, and the CXCR3B chemokine receptor are highlighted. Conclusions: Multiple biological phenomena converge in the etiopathogenesis of vitiligo; the result is the activation of CD8+ T lymphocytes, responsible for the destruction of melanocytes. The understanding of immunopathogenic pathways opens the door to the use of target therapies, such as JAK inhibitors and CXCR3B inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of psychiatric disorders have focused primarily on individuals of European ancestry, excluding other ancestries, including Latin American populations. We explore representation of Latin American populations in psychiatric genetics, with a focus on eating disorders. Latin America is "admixed," representing the rich migration history from Africa, Europe, and Asia. Early GWAS technology and analytic strategies performed best in European-ancestry populations. New technology and statistical methods are designed to be inclusive of the genetic richness of admixed populations. Failure to include Latin American and other underrepresented ancestries in genetic studies could lead to incomplete or faulty conclusions about genetic and environmental contributions to psychiatric disease. This raises ethical questions and has critical scientific repercussions, as GWAS findings may not fully replicate across ancestries, ultimately exacerbating health disparities. We review efforts to accelerate genetic research by the Latin American Genetics Consortium (LAGC); highlight strategies to increase transparency and willingness of Latin American individuals to participate in research; and efforts to build capacity throughout Latin America. Achieving these goals advance etiological understanding of psychiatric disorders and assure that future treatments will serve people across all ancestries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xantosoma riedelianum, also called "mangarito" in Brazil, is an unconventional food plant (UFP) of the Araceae family native to tropical America. Foliar samples of the X. riedelianum showing mosaic, mottle and vein clearing symptoms were collected in the municipality of Monte Alegre (São Paulo State). Transmission electron microscope observations, mechanical transmission to experimental plants, serological (DAS-ELISA) and RT-PCR analyzes indicated that the symptoms could be associated with the presence of dasheen mosaic virus (DsMV, Potyvirus). This is the first report of DsMV in X. riedelianum in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Hungarian Medical Journal / Orvosi Hetilap is the property of Akademiai Kiado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: El delirio constituye uno de los síntomas más complejos y severos de la psicosis. Uno de los problemas más fundamentales que actualmente enfrenta la investigación en el campo de la neuropsiquiatría actual tiene que ver con el desafío de producir teorías explicativas para la producción de este tipo de estado mental, a lo que denomino ‘al problema etiológico de los delirios psicóticos’. Desarrollo: Se analiza críticamente las principales alternativas dentro de la neuropsiquiatría contemporánea al problema etiológico. Conclusión: El análisis indica que las tres teorías fundamentales que conviven en la actualidad poseen problemas para progresar en el desafío de explicar la etiología de los delirios. Por lo anterior, se propone la idea de que, a la luz del estado actual del debate, la hibridación teórica podría perfilarse como el mejor candidato metodológico para generar progreso real en la disciplina.

In the province of Entre Ríos, Argentina, sorghum is grown for grain and forage, and also contributes to maintaining soil structural stability in production systems. In summer 2018, in two commercial hybrids of grain sorghum planted at the Paraná Agricultural Experimental Station of INTA (Oro Verde, Entre Ríos), dark brown, elliptical to oval, regular to somewhat irregular leaf spots, sometimes with diffuse margins, measuring approximately 3 x 5 mm, were observed in the middle and lower strata of the plants. Also, in summer 2019, on two precommercial hybrids and one commercial hybrid, in addition to the symptoms mentioned above, specks and purple spots with irregular and diffuse margins and delimited by the veins were detected on the youngest leaves, giving the appearance of a foliar "splash". The objective of this work was to characterize and identify the causal organism of a foliar disease present in grain sorghum hybrids from central-western Entre Ríos. The symptoms observed in field samples and those produced in pathogenicity tests, the morphological characteristics of the colonies, as well as those of the conidia developed in vivo and in vitro, coincided with the descriptions made for Bipolaris cookei (= B. sorghicola), the causal organism of the "target leaf spot" of sorghum. The information obtained contributes to the knowledge of this pathosystem in the sorghum producing region of Entre Ríos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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RESUMEN | Se presenta una revisión sobre las neoplasias diseminadas descritas en los moluscos bivalvos, así como las etiologías asociadas a ellas. Se analiza y discute sobre los argumentos y razones por las cuales no ha sido posible identificar un agente causal único. Estas etiologías incluyen a los contaminantes antropogénicos, las biotoxinas, las alteraciones y factores genéticos tales como transposones, a agentes infecciosos, particularmente retrovirus y a la participación de linajes clonales de células transformadas y transmisibles. Se describen, además, las principales características histopatológicas desarrolladas por los animales afectados por esta patología y se exponen las principales técnicas diagnósticas. ABSTRACT | A review is presented of the disseminated neoplasms described in bivalve molluscs, as well as the etiologies associated with them. An analysis and discussion are made about the arguments and reasons why it has not been possible to identify a single causal agent. These etiologies include anthropogenic contaminants, biotoxins, genetic factors and alterations such as transposons, infectious agents, particularly retroviruses, and the involvement of clonal lineages of transmissible and transformed cells. In addition, the main histopathological characteristics developed by the animals affected by this pathology are described and the main diagnostic techniques are exposed.

Introducción: Uno de los hábitos de mayor prevalencia es el consumo del tabaco, causando alteración en los tejidos de la cavidad oral, al igual que la placa bacteriana crean una alteración celular alterando la salud de los tejidos periimplantarios, llegando a promoveer la mucositis, la peri-implantitis y la pérdida de oseointegración. Objetivo: Determinar si el tabaquismo es un factor de riesgo para la mucositis, peri-implantitis dental. Materiales y Métodos: La presente revisión es de enfoque cualitativo de tipo retrospectivo, transversal de diseño explicativo no experimental para determinar si el tabaco es un factor de riesgo de mucositis y peri-implantitis dental. Se realizó una búsqueda en distintos buscadores: PubMed, Cochrane, Google Académico y Scopus. Resultados: Se analizó que la placa bacteriana como factor etiológico puede varíar por los parámetros de salud de cada paciente, pudiéndose presentar en los tejidos como mucositis y peri-implantitis, además de la presencia de múltiples factores de riesgos, el tabaco asociado a preconmorbilidad existente a una enfermedad sistémica y la enfermedad peridontal, al igual que las citoquinas proinflamatoriasIL-1ß. IL-6, IL-8 Y TNF-α, conllevan la alteración celular y la osteointegración. La terapia farmacológica mostró mayor efectividad en la deshabituación tabáquica. Conclusión: La alteración de los tejidos bucales en la mucositis y peri-implantitis, depende de factores de riesgo, hábitos como el tabaquismo, que producen alteración celular y complicaciones en la osteointegración; la terapia farmacológica mostró mayor efectividad en la deshabituación tabáquica.

The word “epidemiology” was written for the first time in a report on the plague in Alghero in 1583. Although its etymology has it intricacy. For centuries it has been concerned with understanding and trying to control and prevent epidemics. During the cholera epidemic in London in 1848 the London Society of Epidemiology was formed, main instrument of public health since then. The increase in chronic diseases —supposedly no communicable— gave way to the epidemiology of black boxes and the predominance of risk factors. And later to an enormous methodological progress increasingly complex and intricate but professionally very appealing. So few epidemiologists have experience in field control of epidemics. Thus, perhaps it is convenient to return, although partially, to the origins. Looking at the future. Resumen: La palabra «epidemiología» se escribió por primera vez en un informe sobre la peste en Alghero, en 1583. Aunque su etimología tiene su intríngulis. Durante siglos se ha ocupado en comprender y tratar de controlar y prevenir las epidemias. Durante la epidemia de cólera en Londres en 1848 se creó la Sociedad de Epidemiología de Londres, principal instrumento de salud pública desde entonces. El aumento de las enfermedades crónicas —supuestamente no transmisibles— dio paso a la epidemiología de las cajas negras y al predominio de los factores de riesgo. Y más tarde a un enorme desarrollo metodológico cada vez más complejo e intrincado, pero profesionalmente muy atractivo. Muy pocos epidemiólogos tienen experiencia en el control de epidemias en el campo. Así, quizás convenga volver, aunque sea parcialmente, a los orígenes. Mirando al futuro.

Copyright of Gyermekgyógyászat is the property of Semmelweis Kiado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The increased incidence and preponderance of dermatomycosis cause the issue of determining antimycotic agents of systemic and external action to be particularly pertinent, considering the etiology, clinical form, and majority of mycoses, the sensitivity of pathogens to them, and the existence of concurrent conditions. The study aims to analyze the etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of dermatomycosis of the scalp, nails, feet, hands, smooth skin, and inguinal dermatophytosis. Patients and methods: To meet the aim of the study, it is attempted to generate an algorithm for pharmaceutical counseling of patients suffering from various types of dermatomycosis. Over the span of five months, a survey was carried out of 25 visitors to the pharmacy with a diagnosis of dermatomycosis. Results: Based on the results, it was revealed that most of the visitors suffer from dermatomycosis of the feet - 10 people (40%), the second in terms of incidence is onychomycosis - 5 people (19%), the third in terms of incidence is dermatomycosis of the groin area - 4 people (15%), the fourth in the incidence is dermatomycosis of the scalp - 4 people (14%). Conclusion: To treat different types of dermatomycosis, various antifungal drugs in different dosage forms can be used. For each type of disease, a specific course of treatment is selected. The duration of the course of treatment depends on the skin lesion area, the duration of the disease, and the presence of complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: This article approaches the medical ethnobotany of the Criollos of the east of the province of Formosa (Argentina) from the description and study of a particular typical pathology of their ethnomedicine named py'a ruru, as a local name for hepatitis or stomach swelling, (its etiology, therapeutics and the plants involved in its treatment). These rural and peri-urban populations wiht Hispanic-Guarani roots, live in the Chaco Húmedo region and in their medicine and ethnobotany classificatory were observed notions related to the Hippocratic-Galenic theory, as occurs in the medicines and ethnobotany of other human groups of the country and of America. M&M: Ethnobotanical information was collected through semi-structured interviews. Plant material was collected in the forest and also plant samples were acquired in a market. Results: The etiology and therapeutics of py'a ruru are exhaustively described and analyzed. The 21 vegetal species used in its therapeutics are detailed. 10 of them are classified as "fresh remedies" and 7 of them as "drying remedies". Furthermore, these species imply 21 medical ethnobotanical data. Conclusions: The continuities and discontinuities of warm-fresh and dry-humid notions typical of the local Criollos in their medical ethnobotany and ethnomedicine, together with the 21 plant species used in the treatment of the disease described, allow us to glimpse the wealth of knowledge that are used in domestic and specialists medicine in the east of the province of Formosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Since schizophrenia is a multifactorial mental illness, a basic understanding of its etiological components improves its understanding, diagnosis, and the selection of therapeutic targets. Objective. To identify the prodromes and biological markers in schizophrenic or ultra-high risk (UHR) patients and elucidate their specificity. Method. Narrative review of relevant sources in English and Spanish in the Medline-PubMed database on minor physical abnormalities, cognitive abnormalities, neuroanatomical, and synaptic and cell changes present in schizophrenic patients and/or subjects with a high risk of developing schizophrenia Results. Patients with SZ and, to a lesser extent, UHR subjects present phenotypic and behavioral manifestations that correlate with underlying cell processes. The study of the latter makes it possible to characterize diagnostic biomarkers. At present, its clinical application is limited by factors such as poorly understood pathophysiology, lack of study models, homology with other psychiatric disorders, and the dearth of clinical trials conducted. Discussion and conclusion. Schizophrenia is the final manifestation of damage to prenatal and post-natal neurodevelopment and is reflected during the prodromal stage in early biological markers with clinical relevance. It is necessary to establish new study models that will increase knowledge to offer specific biomarkers for use in early clinical diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The main aim of the research was to identify factors (risk and protective) associated with the occurrence of mental health problems in adolescents. Method. The study group consisted of elementary and junior high school students from Ilawa aged 13-15 years (N = 574). The self-administered, anonymous questionnaire had been completed during school lessons. Two groups of mental health problems were included in the study: internalizing (depressive symptoms and emotional problems) and externalizing (use of psychoactive substances, aggressive behavior, delinquency), as well as a number of psychosocial factors (parental support and control, school bonding, peer influence, victimization, leisure activities). Hierarchical logistic regression models with Wald statistics were used to identify risk and protective factors. Results. Parental support and control appeared to be universal protective factors that reduce the risk of both internalizing and externalizing problems. On the other hand, being a victim of peer violence and spending a lot of time on e-contacts appeared to be risk factors for both groups of adolescent mental health problems. In addition, sex, negative peer influences, school bonding, and use of computer/video games were important factors in the regression models. Conclusions. Prevention of mental health problems should be directed to educating parents in the skills of support and monitoring adolescents, strengthening school bonding, and resilience to negative peer influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease with multiple etiologies, and the emergence of complications. Between 0.1-5% of cases are attributed to drugs. The absence of specific characteristics complicates the diagnosis and treatment of drug-induced AP. Reviewing patients admitted with the diagnosis of drug-induced AP can provide information and improve its management., Patients and Methods: This is a descriptive, observational, and retrospective study. All patients admitted to the Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge between June 2007 and March 2023 with suspected drug-induced AP were included. The data were obtained from the hospital pharmacovigilance program database., Results: Thirty-eight patients with suspected drug-induced AP were identified, representing 0.62% of all adverse drug reactions (n=6.085). Of these, 65.8% (n=25) had a single suspected drug. The median latency period for the onset of adverse drug reactions was 160.5 days (IQR: 18-582 days), and the median hospital stay was 5 days (IQR: 3-7 days). Fifty-nine suspected drugs were identified, involving 26 active principles. Azathioprine and atorvastatin were the most frequent, with 9 cases each (15.2%), followed by enalapril with 8 cases (13.6%). Drug etiology was assessed in 23 cases (60.5%), and the suspected drug was discontinued in all cases. There was one fatal case documented (2.63%)., Conclusion: This study can contribute to better understanding of drug-induced pancreatitis episodes. We propose a diagnostic algorithm that includes the assessment of the drug as a possible cause., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introducción: Los defectos del esmalte dentario aparecen en edades tempranas, su etiología se atribuye a múltiples condiciones que actúan en las diferentes etapas de la vida del niño. Objetivo: Describir las condiciones etiológicas, en los defectos del esmalte dentario, en la población de 3 a 11 años. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, de septiembre de 2016 a junio de 2019. El universo de estudio lo integraron 2 197 niños, de 3 a 11 años, del municipio Habana del Este, con dentición temporal o permanente, con afectación o no de los dientes con algún defecto del esmalte; se les realizó un examen clínico bucal y para la asociación etiológica se aplicó un cuestionario a las madres. Los resultados se analizaron mediante la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: La prevalencia de anomalías del esmalte fue 21.98 %, predominó el grupo de 6 a 11 años, 11.42 %. La edad materna de 21 a 25 años, 25.47 % y la lactancia materna de 5 a 7 meses, 32.30 %, aportaron mayor cantidad de defectos. Las condiciones etiológicas fueron la alergia 40.17 % y la ingestión de medicamentos 52.17 %. Conclusiones: Los defectos del esmalte se encuentran en menos de la cuarta parte de la población. Las madres adultas jóvenes y las que lactan entre los cinco y siete meses, aportan las mayores cifras. Dentro de las condiciones etiológicas más representadas están la ingestión de fármacos y las alergias.

Introducción y objetivos: En este artículo se aborda la etnobotánica médica de los criollos del este de la provincia de Formosa (Argentina) a partir de la descripción y el estudio de una patología particular propia de su etnomedicina, el py’a ruru hepatitis o estómago hinchado(su etiología, terapéutica y las plantas involucradas en su tratamiento). Estas poblaciones rurales y periurbanas de raigambre hispano-guarani habitan en la región del Chaco Húmedo y en su medicina y etnobotánica se observan nociones clasificatorias relacionadas a la teoría hipocrático-galénica tal como ocurre en las medicinas y etnobotánicas de otros pueblos del país y de América M&M: Se recolectó la información etnobotánica por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas, se recolectó material vegetal y se adquirieron muestras en el mercado local. Resultados: Se describe y analiza la etiología y terapéutica del py’a ruru de manera exhaustiva. Se detallan las 21 especies vegetales empleadas en su terapéutica (que redundan en 21 datos etnobotánicos médicos), 10 de ellas clasificadas como “remedios frescos” y 7 de ellas como “remedios secantes”. Conclusiones: Las continuidades y discontinuidades de nociones cálido-frescas y seco-húmedas propias de los criollos locales en su etnobotánica médica y etnomedicina, junto a las 21 especies vegetales empleadas en la terapéutica de la enfermedad descripta, permiten vislumbrar la riqueza de los saberes que se ponen en práctica en la medicina doméstica y la de especialistas en el este de la provincia de Formosa.

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The use of substances with addictive potential is a relevant health problem. Scientific evidence suggests that the underlying mechanisms that regulate behavioral processes in addictions involve a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Therefore, this narrative review aims to provide a framework to synthesize the evidence on gene-environment-agent interactions from the perspective of the natural history of the disease and the stages of the addictive process for alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, psychostimulants, and opioids. In this review, we conducted an exhaustive literature search without time limits in PubMed, Ebsco, Lilacs, and SciELO, reviewing the title and abstract we selected original articles in humans or animals that addressed the etiology of addictions according to the methodological approach of gene-environment (G-E) interaction, including articles in Spanish, English, and Portuguese. Genetic studies have revealed the critical role of epigenetic modifiers (histone acetylation) in maintaining brain homeostasis in pathological conditions and focusing on G-E interactions will also allow characterizing subgroups (based on environmental factors) at high risk for addictive behaviors that can be targeted for specific interventions, Thus, treatment strategies should encompass a combination of psychosocial interventions with gene therapy involving pharmacological manipulations of histones that may contribute to design better therapies and perhaps lead to more successful management of drug dependencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Universidad Ricardo Palma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Saúde is the property of Revista Saude and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)