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The document from JCO Precision Oncology acknowledges the crucial role of peer reviewers in advancing scientific progress. It recognizes the efforts of numerous individuals who contributed to peer review in 2023-2024, highlighting their expertise and dedication. The list includes a diverse range of reviewers who have helped improve the quality of scientific manuscripts, showcasing the importance of peer review in enhancing our understanding of science. [Extracted from the article]

The document titled "List of reviewers" from the journal Asian-Pacific Economic Literature acknowledges and thanks numerous reviewers for their contributions to peer-reviewing submissions received by the journal from October 2023 to September 2024. The list includes a diverse range of reviewers from various backgrounds and expertise, highlighting their crucial role in the journal's success and future. The document demonstrates the journal's commitment to engaging with a wide array of scholars and experts in the field of Asian-Pacific economic literature. [Extracted from the article]

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the chemical composition of essential oils from Myroxylon peruiferum and Eugenia gracillima and determine the larvicidal potential of the oils against Aedes aegypti. Essential oils from the leaves and young stems of M. peruiferum (EOLMP and EOAMP) and the leaves of E. gracillima (EOLEG) were obtained through hydrodistillation. The major constituents of EOLMP were α-pinene (18.0%) and δ-cadinene (14.2%); the major constituents of EOAMP were spathulenol (22.9%) and β-elemene (12.4%) and the major constituents of EOLEG were δ-elemene (40.4%) and germacrene D (25.2%). The two oils extracted from M. peruiferum were very active against A. aegypti larvae and had similar lethal concentrations (LC50 = 0.7 mg/mL). The oil extracted from E. gracillima had an LC50 of 1.51 mg/mL. The essential oils from M. peruiferum and E. gracillima constitute promising sources for the formulation of novel insecticides for the control of the mosquito Aedes aegypti. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dados - Revista de Ciências Sociais is the property of DADOS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article addresses racism and patriarchy in the constitution of social issues in Brazil and the influence of eugenics on Brazilian social work. Through bibliographical and documentary research, it holds the concept that race and gender are constitutive elements of the social issue in Brazil and that eugenics was a contribution in dealing with its expressions, with implications for professional practice. This study situates social work as a historical product of capitalist social relations and highlights the manifestations of conservatism in the genesis of the profession, marked by eugenics. Currently, social work takes a radical position in favor of the construction of a new societal order and defends its link to broader struggles to combat all forms of exploitation and oppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Some papers describe the presence of creatine in plants, based on a singlet signal at 3.02-3.05 ppm in the 1H NMR spectra. Although is there creatine in plants? Therefore, to answer this question, a comprehensive NMR investigation has been performed aiming the unambiguous assignment of the compound responsible for that signal. Objective: Determine whether the compound behind the signal at 3.05 ppm is truly creatine or if it was just a misassignment, instead. Methods: Samples of leaves and cherries from Eugenia uniflora in their natural swollen state were submitted to HR-MAS NMR analysis. Results: It was found that the signal at 3.05 ppm was misassigned to creatine. The exhaustive NMR investigation revealed that the signal is related to the amino acid 4-hydroxy-N-methyl proline, instead. Conclusion: The comprehensive NMR investigation revealed that there is no creatine in plants, it was just a misassignment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Eugenia pyriformis Cambess (uvaia), a native species of the Atlantic Forest ecosystem, has received limited attention in scientific investigations. Renowned for its distinctive organoleptic characteristics, this fruit is suitable for immediate consumption and industrial processing. Additionally, it is rich in vitamins and bioactive compounds, which offer potential health benefits. These bioactive compounds, such as ascorbic acid, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds, have demonstrated antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in both in vitro and in vivo studies. This review consolidates recent research on uvaia, focusing on its chemical composition, biological activities, and potential applications within the food industry. It aims to lay the groundwork for future research and promote its recognition and utilisation in food production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The given text is an author index from the journal Obesity Reviews. It lists the names of various authors and their corresponding page numbers in the journal. [Extracted from the article]

Using either brackish or saline water is one of the most critical and serious problem in cultivation of ornamental shrubs in Mediterranean areas. So, an investigation was performed during 2021 and 2022 seasons to reveal the tolerance of Brazilian cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.) transplants to salinity of irrigation water. The applied doses of natural Siwa halite for water salinization were 0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0 g L-1 under the Egyptian climatic conditions. The results indicated that mean values of survival rate were gradually decreased by increasing the salinity level to be 58.33 and 70.0 % in the seasons, respectively after applying 10.0 g L-1. Similarly, were the mean values of vegetative and root growth parameters, which linearly decreased with increasing applied salinity dose up to 10.0 g L-1, with exception for 2.0 and 4.0 g L-1 ones which significantly improved values of most growth traits in most cases of both seasons. Also, salinized water at 6.0 g L-1 recorded better results compared to the control in some characters either in the first or in the second season. The same trend was observed for the results of leaf chemical composition, with the exception of K, Na, Cl and proline contents, which recorded a progressive increase with the gradual increase in applied salinity level ranged from 2 to 3 folds comparing with the control. The salt resistance index percentages were also improved by both 2.0 and 4.0 g L-1 saline water treatments, but significantly declined afterwards to reach 81.5 and 73.7 % by 10.0 g L-1, showing the high ability of such plant to cope with high salt stress. Accordingly, under conditions of fresh water rarity, it could be recommended irrigation of Brazilian cherry transplants using saline water up to 6.0 g L-1 dose to keep quality and decorative value of such plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arte y Políticas de Identidad is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Eugenia uniflora is widely distributed in Java island and used in traditional medicine for the treatment of many ailments. This study aims to compare the bioactivity of the seeds and pericarp of the unripe and ripe fruits of E. uniflora. The plant parts were extracted by maceration in ethanol. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of the extracts was carried out according to standard methods. The antioxidant activity was performed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The antiaging potential was assessed using the tyrosinase inhibitory assay. Phytochemical screening show the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids in the seed and fruit extracts of E. uniflora. The seeds contain more total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as a higher antioxidant activity than the fruits. The unripe seeds had the highest antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay with IC50 value of 4.70 μg/mL, which was comparable to that of quercetin (IC50 = 4.76 μg/mL). In the FRAP assay, the ripe fruits exhibited the highest antioxidant activity with a FRAP value of 4245.32 μMFSE/100 g extract. The anti-tyrosinase activity assay showed that the unripe and ripe seeds of E. uniflora have weak tyrosinase inhibitory activity with IC50 of 309.96 and 539.67 μg/mL, respectively compared to kojic acid with IC50 of 27.54 μg/mL. In contrast, the unripe and ripe fruits showed no anti-tyrosinase activity. Therefore, E. uniflora seeds possesses higher potential as antioxidant and antiaging agent than E. uniflora fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) of choline chloride (ChCl) and fructose, glucose, citric and malic acid with different water concentration were prepared and characterized. The pH ranged from 2.34 to 7.38. An increase in the intensity at 3300 cm−1 (FT-IR), by the interaction between the receptor and the hydrogen donor, occurred. The water content increased the intensity in the OH region without changing the vibrational mode. The same behavior occurred in Raman spectra. NADES without water showed a high density (1.234 to 1.375 g/mL) and viscosity (0.09991 to 0.46921 Pa·s). NADESs with 20% and 40% water were selected for extracting phenolic compounds from araza (Eugenia stipitata), using an ultrasonic system of bath, tip, and ethanol. Araza ethanol extract had a TPC (total phenolic compounds) of 325.19 mg GAE/g, and DPPH and ABTS of 12.00 and 291.31 µmolL−1 Trolox g−1. ChCl:citric acid (1:1) containing 40% water was the most efficient NADES in the tip ultrasound extraction: a TPC of 273.40 mg GAE/g; DPPH and ABTS of 31.55 and 204.9 µmolL−1 Trolox g−1; and an extraction yield of 84% related to ethanol. NADESs as solvents can be used directly by the food industry as a final product or ingredient, without purification, and proved to be versatile, with different properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O problema de pesquisa deste artigo consiste no seguinte questionamento: quando a eugenia resulta como produto da prática de edição e modificação genética pela CRISPr-Cas9? A exploração do tema se justifica pelo surgimento de opiniões polarizadas acerca de padrões éticos e morais na aplicação da engenharia genética, necessitando de análises amplas e propostas razoáveis que contemplem de maneira geral e responsável as problemáticas que circundam o assunto. Com o estudo, a primeira seção tem como objetivo a análise dos principais questionamentos éticos e morais no âmbito da modificação e da edição genética, com enfoque no sistema CRISPR-Cas9. Posteriormente, demonstra-se as circunstâncias em que se pode autorizar o uso do CRISPR-Cas9 ressaltando-se a limitação dos dados e das informações acerca do procedimento frente à sua novidade e seus respectivos impactos no princípio da autonomia frente ao Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Ao final, verifica-se que o uso do sistema CRISPR-Cas9 não é admitido e considerado prática eugênica se realizado in vivo, mas aceitável enquanto método terapêutico e admitido se utilizado em seres humanos nascidos, desde que seu uso seja atrelado à beneficência e à não-maleficência do paciente. Para alcançar os resultados e a conclusão proposta, utiliza-se o método de pesquisa integrada mediante técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica.

Os discursos eugênicos afetaram decisivamente o mundo no século XX. No Brasil, pode-se destacar a contribuição de Renato Ferraz Kehl e Octavio Domingues, como os principais produtores de manuais educacionais sobre os temas da educação eugênica. Com o aporte teórico de Michel Foucault, foram evidenciadas algumas táticas engendradas para promover uma formação de docentes e discentes em torno da educação eugênica. Conclui-se, quanto aos discursos de Renato Kehl e Octavio Domingues, que a educação eugênica no Brasil foi o principal cenário do movimento eugênico e que esses autores contribuíram para a construção de novas concepções sobre educação eugênica para o contexto brasileiro e organizaram, discursivamente, a eugenia dentro do ambiente educacional.

Introduction: Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed and the main cause of cancer death, usually related to cigarette smoking. Furthermore, the microbiota of people exposed to cigarette smoke can be modified, making it difficult to eliminate opportunistic microorganisms. The leaves of Eugenia pyriformis are a by-product of fruit production and, to date, there have been no studies addressing the antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Objective: Investigate the antimicrobial, Nitric Oxide (NO)-production inhibition, and antiproliferative activities of the essential oil from E. pyriformis leaves and its possible effect on the treatment and prevention of damage caused by tobacco. Methods: The essential oil (EO) was obtained by hydrodistillation (3 h). Its chemical composition was investigated by GC-MS. It was proposed to investigate antiproliferative activity against human tumor cell lines, namely, breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), lung (NCI-H460), cervical (HeLa), and hepatocellular (HepG2) carcinomas. A non-tumor primary culture from pig liver (PLP2) was also tested. The EO capacity to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production was evaluated by a lipopolysaccharide stimulated murine macrophage cell line. Antibacterial and antifungal activities against opportunistic pathogens were investigated against seven strains of bacteria and eight fungi. Results: The results indicated the presence of 23 compounds in the essential oil, the majority were spathulenol (45.63%) and β-caryophyllene oxide (12.72%). Leaf EO provided 50% inhibition of nitric oxide production at a concentration of 92.04 µg mL−1. The EO also demonstrated antiproliferative activity against all human tumor cell lines studied, with GI50 values comprised between 270.86 and 337.25 µg mL−1. The essential oil showed antimicrobial potential against the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes (Murray et al.) Pirie (NCTC 7973) and Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 13311 (MIC 1870 µg mL−1) and fungi Aspergillus versicolor ATCC 11730, Aspergillus ochraceus ATCC 12066, Penicillium ochrochloron ATCC 90288, Penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium (Westling) Samson, Stolk & Hadlok (food isolate) (MIC 1870 µg mL−1) and Trichoderma viride Pers. IAM 5061 (1,400 µg mL–1).Conclusion: The demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antimicrobial activities in the leaves of E. pyriformis can add value to the production chain of this plant, being a possible option for preventing and combating cancer, including lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The content of chemical constituents in Eugenia uniflora leaf extracts correlates positively with biological activities. The experimental objective was to carry out the phytochemical screening and purification of the major polyphenols from the leaves of E. uniflora. In addition, the anti-Candida activity of the hydroalcoholic extract, fraction, subfractions and polyphenols purified were evaluated. After partitioning of the extract with ethyl acetate, the fractions were chromatographed on Sephadex® LH-20 gel followed by RP-flash chromatography and monitored by TLC and RP-HPLC. The samples were characterized by mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS2) and subjected to the microdilution method in 96-well plates against strains of C. albicans, C. auris, and C. glabrata. Myricitrin (93.89%; w/w; m/z 463.0876), gallic acid (99.9%; w/w; m/z 169.0142), and ellagic acid (94.2%; w/w; m/z 300.9988) were recovered. The polyphenolic fraction (62.67% (w/w) myricitrin) and the ellagic fraction (67.86% (w/w) ellagic acid) showed the best antifungal performance (MIC between 62.50 and 500 μg/mL), suggesting an association between the majority constituents and the antifungal response of E. uniflora derivatives. However, there is a clear dependence on the presence of the complex chemical mixture. In conclusion, chromatographic strategies were effectively employed to recover the major polyphenols from the leaves of the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A new species of Syzygium (Myrtaceae) from Carranglan, Nueva Ecija, Luzon, Philippines – Syzygium crystalliferum is described and illustrated here as species new to science. Syzygium crystalliferum is similar to S. purpuriflorum by having sessile leaves, cordate base, terminal inflorescence, large flowers and free perianth lobes. However, it is unique in pustules in dried leaves and inflorescence, and having chartaceous‐coriaceous leaf texture, coarser secondary leaf venation, individual flowers borne on a distinct pedicel, shorter hypanthium, smaller calyx lobes, and red fruit turning deep purple when ripe. Preliminary assessment of conservation status following IUCN guidelines assign S. crystalliferum as Critically Endangered (CR). This discovery makes the first addition to Philippine Syzygium in over 70 years since Elmer D. Merrill's last taxonomic work on the genus. Additionally, a lectotype for the basionym Eugenia purpuriflora is designated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premise: Increasingly complete phylogenies underpin studies in systematics, ecology, and evolution. Myrteae (Myrtaceae), with ~2700 species, is a key component of the exceptionally diverse Neotropical flora, but given its complicated taxonomy, automated assembling of molecular supermatrices from public databases often lead to unreliable topologies due to poor species identification. Methods: Here, we build a taxonomically verified molecular supermatrix of Neotropical Myrteae by assembling 3909 published and 1004 unpublished sequences from two nuclear and seven plastid molecular markers. We infer a time‐calibrated phylogenetic tree that covers 712 species of Myrteae (~28% of the total diversity in the clade) and evaluate geographic and taxonomic gaps in sampling. Results: The tree inferred from the fully concatenated matrix mostly reflects the topology of the plastid data set and there is a moderate to strong incongruence between trees inferred from nuclear and plastid partitions. Large, species‐rich genera are still the poorest sampled within the group. Eastern South America is the best‐represented area in proportion to its species diversity, while Western Amazon, Mesoamerica, and the Caribbean are the least represented. Conclusions: We provide a time‐calibrated tree that can be more reliably used to address finer‐scale eco‐evolutionary questions that involve this group in the Neotropics. Gaps to be filled by future studies include improving representation of taxa and areas that remain poorly sampled, investigating causes of conflict between nuclear and plastid partitions, and the role of hybridization and incomplete lineage sorting in relationships that are poorly supported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Colección is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The development of an effective and eco-friendly silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) to abate the effect of abiotic stress is an important area of nano-biotechnology. This study aimed to study the priming effect of plant-based green-synthesized silver nanoparticles and melatonin on the physiological and biochemical activities of drought-stressed E. uniflora. Sterilized seeds of E. uniflora were primed with 0.06 mg/l of ML-AgNPs, 0.06 mg/l of melatonin, and a nano-silver formulation of melatonin (1:1). Primed seeds were planted and subjected to 7 days under drought stress. The ML-AgNPs enhanced germination percentage, speed and vigor, and shoot elongation and induced the production of APx, CAT, and proline dehydrogenase (100% increases). Melatonin improved the activities of APx and CAT, total protein, accumulation of proline, and proline dehydrogenase (200% increases) and stabilized MDA content. Meanwhile, silver nano-formulation of melatonin increased leaves proliferation of leaves and production of APx, GPx, SOD, and CAT. Accumulation of proline and 100% upregulation of proline dehydrogenase osmo-regulated the effects of the drought, reduced MDA contents, and stabilized the excessive production of H2O2 and O2−. The ML-AgNO3 showed an efficient delivery system of melatonin into the plant under drought stress. As a result, our research shows that melatonin in silver nano-formulation (1:1) is a useful biostimulant against drought stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to perform a bibliographic review of the published scientific material on the use of tetrazolium test and plant bioregulator in seeds of Eugenia stipitata, as well as in the emergence of its seedlings. Research on this species could reveal and record its production potential. E. stipitata is a fruit species native to the Amazon belonging to the Myrtaceae family. Undoubtedly, a prominent species potentially provides fruits with great benefits for human health and new alternatives for production systems. According to the bibliographic survey, the emergence of E. stipitata seedlings can exceed 180 days after sowing, while in the tetrazolium test the results can be obtained between 6 and 30 hours. In relation to seed physical and physiological dormancy, the plant bioregulator has potential to promote emergence of vigorous seeds and seedlings. Thus, the tetrazolium test can be an alternative to determine viability of Eugenia stipitata seeds. Different priming periods and concentrations of the tetrazolium salt solution are required for seeds of the genus Eugenia. Using the plant bioregulator can accelerate the emergence of seedlings of the genus Eugenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumo O artigo analisa as relações entre eugenia e Modernismo, procurando compreender como a linguagem eugênica mobilizou o pensamento social e a literatura modernista dos anos 1920. Proponho compreender como a eugenia inspirou enredos, imagens e representações sobre o Brasil e os brasileiros, o que alimentou discussões sobre a modernidade nacional, a identidade racial brasileira, a criação de uma sociedade eugenicamente controlada e até mesmo a proposição de medidas extremas de extermínio humano em nome das utopias raciais. Meu interesse é analisar a eugenia como um movimento que se difundiu para além do campo médico e científico, empregada como uma expressão cultural própria da modernidade. Mais do que um discurso centrado em teorias médicas e biológicas, proponho compreender a eugenia como uma filosofia moderna que produziu forte impacto na vida cultural e social de início do século XX. Além de analisar a obra de um grupo de escritores modernistas (entre eles Paulo Prado, Alfredo Ellis Junior, Monteiro Lobato e Adalzira Bittencourt), exploro também a existência de diálogos e debates públicos que forneçam evidências sobre as crenças desses escritores na eugenia, bem como de seus diálogos e relações com o movimento eugênico.

ABSTRACT White-sand vegetation (campinarana) is a type of vegetation restricted to oligotrophic and highly leached white sand soils in the Amazon phytogeographic domain that includes grassland to forest phytophysiognomies. Campinaranas cover about 5% of this phytogeographic domain and are impacted by various anthropic activities that put plant species, especially endemic ones, at risk. Myrtaceae has significant representativeness in oligotrophic edaphic environments, but floristic and taxonomic studies on the family in campinaranas are still few and geographically limited. We present a checklist of Myrtaceae species known from campinaranas of the Brazilian Amazon based on the survey of herbarium specimens and literature data in order to assess the level of endemism of these species for this vegetation type. We compiled occurrence records of 72 species and six genera. Myrcia and Eugenia were the genera with the highest number of species. Overall, 38 species (53%) occurred only in the Amazon and two were endemic to campinaranas (Eugenia campina and Myrcia psammophila). Four species are new records for the Brazilian Amazon: Blepharocalyx salicifolius, Eugenia hatschbachii, Myrcia anceps and Myrcia racemosa. The specific richness of Myrtaceae in Brazilian campinaranas is likely to be underestimated since extensive areas, especially those farther from the riverbanks, in the states of Amazonas and Roraima, have not yet been intensively surveyed.

This article situates the novel Eugenia (1919) by the Cuban-Mexican doctor Eduardo Urzaiz within the post-revolutionary Mexican discourses on eugenics. Set in the distant future, the novel imagines the culmination of a successful statist attempt to perfect the national body. In fact, the state's tight control of physical reproduction helps overcome the traditional family unit, a fact that has led many critics to highlight the liberating potential of this fictional society, particularly for women. That said, the novel shows how these social changes have had traumatic results in the lives of the various characters. This article seeks to reconcile the utopian discourse with the trauma of so many of its characters, identifying an ethics of aesthetics that justifies authoritarian actions and the sacrifice of individual freedoms in the name of the aesthetic perfection of society and the reproduction of a socialist and Utopian order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies the 1919 novel Eugenia by the prolific Yucatec writer and medical doctor Eduardo Urzaiz, focusing on gestational surrogacy and its implications as it is represented in this short novel. I argue that Urzaiz's fantasy of mainstreamed assisted reproduction technology and gestational surrogacy echoes current, more dissimulated discussions of what it means for affluent members of society with disposable income to place an order for a designer baby. While eugenics received a bad name after the excesses of the Nazi regime, its underlying principles certainly remain salient, as do the questions raised by contemporary watchdog institutes about what happens when science is not monitored by ethics. Novels like this speculative fiction presciently ask us to interrogate more fundamentally, what ethics are, and from whose limited cultural perspective we make universalist claims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aimed to analyze cagaita nectar subjected to different thermal and non-thermal treatments regarding its quality over 30 days of storage (5 °C). Ultra (U) and thermosonication (T) were the techniques used for 30 and 60 minutes of processing samples. These techniques proved to be effective to preserve physicochemical quality, regarding rheology and texture, since ultra and thermosonicated samples had their consistency increased when compared to the pasteurized sample over 30 days, a desirable factor for a fruit nectar. Samples treated more intensely with ultrasound and temperature (Pasteurized, U 25 °C/60 min and T 60 °C/ 30 min) showed higher soluble solids content. The sample U 25 °C/60 min increased its brightness, reduced its firmness and also its consistency after 30 storage days. For all samples there was an increase in carotenoids content and a maintenance of viscosity and cohesiveness (texture) over 30 days, thus indicating that the used treatments can be feasible instead of pasteurization, maintaining the shelf life of cagaita nectar in the time evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work employed supramolecular solvents (SUPRAS) made up of octanoic acid, ethanol, and acidified water (pH ~ 3) to extract and concentrate bioactive compounds from Eugenia pyriformis Cambess (uvaia) pulp. At first, the SUPRAS phase characterization demonstrated the spherical aggregates' formation with an internal hydrophobic structure and an external hydrophilic media. Subsequently, the simultaneous production and extraction (SUPRAS-SPE) method was employed in the solid-liquid extraction (SLE) of uvaia pulp. The extracts were evaluated through Folin-Ciocalteu reducing capacity, antioxidant activity (DPPH assay), total carotenoid content (TCC), and total flavonoid content (TFC). The results showed that reducing the ethanol concentration in the SUPRAS composition boosted the TCC extraction while increasing the ethanol presence, promoting a high TFC yield. Moreover, the SUPRAS-SPE method was compared with the ex situ method (SUPRAS-ES), where the solvent was previously produced and then applied to the SLE. Both methods were evaluated concerning their EE% and thermal degradation. The SUPRAS-SPE method increased the EE% of uvaia pulp bioactive compounds compared to the SUPRAS-SE method, providing a suitable microenvironment to extract, concentrate, and stabilize carotenoids from uvaia pulp, offering a sustainable alternative to obtain valuable compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eugenia roxburghii (Myrtaceae), known as Roxburgh's Cherry, is a wild edible fruit-producing plant having multiple use in traditional and folk medicines in India and Sri Lanka. In spite of its nutritional and medicinal importance, there is no report on the chemical composition and bioactivities of the essential oil (EO) of this species. In this article, the chemical composition of the leaf EO of E. roxburghii has been reported for the first time along with its antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities. GC–MS analysis of EO led to the identification of 41 compounds with β-caryophyllene (22.32%) as the major constituent. The EO exhibited strong antioxidant capacity in DPPH and ABTS assays with IC50 values of 15.12 ± 0.23 μg/mL and 7.32 ± 0.05 μg/mL, respectively. It also exhibited strong reducing power ability (EC50 = 1.47 ± 0.06 μg/mL). The EO showed highest sensitivity against enteric pathogenic bacteria, Shigella flexneri (ZOI = 24 ± 0.4 mm, MIC = 31.25 μg/mL) validating its ethnomedicinal claim against dysentery. Further, E. roxburghii EO showed significant antiproliferative activity against human colon (HCT-116, IC50 = 64.84 μg/mL) and prostatic adenocarcinoma (PC-3, IC50=70.11 μg/mL) cell lines. The present study suggests that EO can be used as an antiproliferative agent and for the treatment of enteric diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although yeasts of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae species are industrially significant, few studies have investigated their presence in environmental samples from the Amazon rainforest. This study aimed to isolate S. cerevisiae yeasts associated with trees of the Amazon Forest and investigate their thermotolerance, alcohol tolerance, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) characteristics, along with those of regional strains from previous research and reference strains from the industry. We collected fruits, bark and decaying plant material from Theobroma grandiflorum, Spondias mombin L., Mangifera indica L., and Eugenia stipitata, and isolated yeasts using the culture media. To identify the yeasts, we conducted morphological and biochemical analyses, including sugar assimilation and fermentation, and sequencing analyses of the rDNA (ITS and LSU (D1 and D2)). We also performed fermentation tests to determine the optimum temperature, thermotolerance and ethanol tolerance. Finally, we subjected the selected strains to SNP analysis to study the reported genes that are important for alcohol tolerance in S. cerevisiae: FPS1 (farnesyl diphosphate synthase1) and ASR1/YPR093 (alcohol sensitive RING/PHD finger1) genes. As a result, we isolated 53 yeasts, and 10 of which exhibited a sugar assimilation and fermentation profile that was similar to that of S. cerevisiae. These ten isolates were identified using sequencing of the ITS and LSU regions, which revealed the species to be Wickerhamomyces anomalus (n = 4), Torulaspora pretoriensis (n = 3), Debaryomyces hansenni (n = 1), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (n = 2). Through the analysis of the ASR1 and FPS1 regions, we found an SNP at nucleotide 1552 A > G (FPS1), which was associated with ethanol tolerance under our experimental conditions. This work is significant because it is one of the first studies to focus specifically on the isolation of S. cerevisiae from samples in the Amazon region. Furthermore, the SNP analysis allowed us to differentiate isolates that showed greater tolerance to ethanol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myrtaceae species are abundant in tropical Atlantic rainforests, but 41% of the 5500 species of this family are of extreme conservation concern. Eugenia astringens and E. uniflora are native Brazilian Myrtaceae species that occur in the same habitats and produce desiccation‐sensitive (DS) seeds. We hypothesized that their seed desiccation‐sensitivity degree is associated with specific metabolic signatures. To test it, we analyzed the germination and metabolic profiles of fresh and desiccated seeds. The water content (WC) at which at least half of the seeds survived desiccation was lower in E. astringens (0.17 g H2O g−1 DW) than in E. uniflora (0.41 g H2O g−1 DW). We identified 103 annotated metabolites from 3261 peaks in both species, which differed in their relative contents between E. astringens and E. uniflora seeds. The main differences in seed metabolic profiles include several protective molecules in the group of carbohydrates and organic acids and amino acid contents. The relative contents of monosaccharides and disaccharides, malic and quinic acids, amino acids and saturated fatty acids may have taken part in the distinct DS behaviour of E. astringens and E. uniflora seeds. Our study provides evidence of the relationship between desiccation sensitivity, seed viability and metabolic profile of tropical seeds by comparing two closely related Eugenia species with different DS degrees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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We are learning more about the role that integrated medicine plays in treating metabolic illnesses. This is partially based on an abundance of scientific data regarding therapeutic herbs, including those with promise to treat diabetes, and in part on the WHO's and other governmental organizations' support for the practise. The anti-diabetic effect of number of flowers of Eugenia jambolana (EJA) was evaluated in the current study on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The The study's primary goal was to look into the potential antidiabetic effects of subchronic oral administration of E. jambolana flowers infusion in rats with STZ-induced diabetes. In diabetic experimental rats, the floral extract considerably reduced blood sugar and cholesterol levels when given 400 mg/kg of body weight are the dosage. It also increased liver glycogen and total protein levels, enhanced reduced Hb1AC, serum level, and antioxidant levels, as well as impaired glucose tolerance. Additionally, it raised liver glycogen and total protein levels as well as glucose tolerance. A common hypoglycemic medication called Glibenclamide was used to compare the hypoglycemic efficacy.The preclinical investigation's results could be useful for phase 2 clinical studies that aim to reduce the morbidity and mortality of diabetes mellitus exacerbated by drug-induced hypoglycemia by implementing integrated medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Resumo O final da Segunda Guerra Mundial marca um conjunto de grandes transformações no pensamento social brasileiro. As teorias raciais e eugênicas vão perdendo rapidamente força frente às interpretações de cunho cultural e econômico. Neste trabalho, conta-se parte dessas transformações a partir das interpretações sobre a imigração japonesa no Brasil em dois intelectuais de marcante atuação parlamentar: o psiquiatra-eugenista Pacheco e Silva e o sociólogo Gilberto Freyre. A imigração japonesa foi foco de intenso debate nas décadas de 1930 e 1940, merecendo até mesmo emendas restritivas ou proibitivas nas Constituintes de 1934 e 1946. Este estudo analisa a atuação parlamentar dos dois intelectuais nesse período, observando as influências de seus pensamentos sociais em sua atividade política. O artigo examina, ainda, as transformações que ocorrem na década de 1950, com mudanças no pensamento de Pacheco e Silva, maior influência do pensamento de Freyre e um redesenho do lugar da imigração japonesa no debate parlamentar.

RESUMO Neste artigo desenhamos de modo amplo as correntes de pensamento sobre planejamento urbano na virada do século XIX para o XX, suas vertentes inglesas e francesas nas relações com o eugenismo e as influências desses modelos urbanos em dois pontos do Atlântico Sul: Brasil e África do Sul. Este trabalho só foi possível pela análise histórica transnacional das influências eugênicas nos planos regionais em Brasília e Joanesburgo. Levando em consideração o contexto específico de cada lugar, destacamos a relevância dos anos 1950 na reformulação e nas aplicabilidades dessas teorias nesses pontos do globo. Indicamos, por fim, as conexões entre capital, estado nacional-desenvolvimentista e as estruturas racistas/coloniais que permitiram a existência de cidades que cimentam, ainda hoje, sonhos eugênicos e distopias colonizadas.

RESUMO A eugenia nasceu no final do século XIX, na Inglaterra, tendo como principal protagonista Francis Galton (1822-1911). Ao Brasil, chegou na passagem do século XIX para o XX, mas ganhou capilaridade a partir do protagonismo de Renato Kehl (1889-1974). Os eugenistas acreditavam na efetivação da prática para eliminar os grupos que apresentavam comportamentos anormais, por meio de políticas de controle de natalidade, eliminação física e outros métodos. O presente artigo tem como finalidade discorrer sobre as práticas eugênicas no Brasil, a partir dos anos 1945, a partir do golpe civil militar de 1964. Além disso, pretende-se demonstrar a permanência da eugenia a partir do comércio de kits de exame de DNA e outras práticas que se traduzem na eugenia positiva. Por fim, procuramos expor como a eugenia se explicitou no Brasil, no contexto da Pandemia da Covid-19.

RESUMO Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a persistência da eugenia após o final da Segunda Guerra. Tendo como objeto o periódico Mankind Quarterly, fundado em 1960 nos Estados Unidos, buscaremos demonstrar como um tipo específico de projeto eugênico, centrado na ideia de raça, se propagou dentro da extrema-direita a partir da rede internacional, a qual contava com participantes de diversos continentes e apoiando inúmeras ideias, que incluíam supremacia branca, antissemitismo, anticomunismo, neonazismo e neofascismo. Também procuraremos abordar como tais questões contribuem para demonstrar a continuidade da eugenia e do conceito de raça no pós-segunda guerra, contrariando a linha que durante muito tempo foi predominante dentro da historiografia sobre esses dois temas.

RESUMO O cruzamento de teorias positivistas e eugênicas, marcadas pela definição biologizante de Cesare Lombroso, instituíram a premissa da inferioridade de grupos e dissidentes incômodos no século XIX e início do XX. Os efeitos dessa visão supostamente científica sobre o crime e o criminoso reverberaram nas práticas institucionais, influenciando os tratamentos e o lugar ocupado pelos detentos. O presente artigo parte de fontes localizadas entre 1930 e 1960 para problematizar como os efeitos destas teorias ganharam diferentes configurações e intenções. Objetivamos com isso entender a manipulação discursiva prisional, que se transforma em ação violenta contra corpos. A análise parte de um acervo constituído por prontuários de presos comuns oriundos da Penitenciária de Florianópolis. Estas fontes, ainda pouco exploradas, permitem o aprofundamento dos estudos sobre as dinâmicas de funcionamento das prisões brasileiras no século XX.

A história do desenvolvimento de fármacos pode ser compreendida a partir de diferentes nuances e recortes, sendo inegável as articulações entre indústria farmacêutica, economia e desenvolvimento científico. Este artigo analisa os anúncios do medicamento Pílulas Rosadas do Dr. Williams, divulgados em um Jornal do Estado do Ceará no início do século XX. A análise nos concede indícios dos processos pelos quais representações racistas e sexistas que discriminavam aspectos de beleza e moralidade eram aspectos fundamentais para determinar a clientela do medicamento.

Alzheimer's disease is a global health problem due to the scarcity of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, the basis for symptomatic treatment of this disease; this requires new approaches to drug discovery. In this study, we investigated the chemical composition and anticholinesterase activity of Eugenia valvata McVaugt (Myrtaceae) collected in southern Ecuador, which was obtained as an essential oil (EO) with a yield of 0.124 ± 0.03% (w/w); as a result of the chemical composition analysis, a total of 58 organic compounds were identified—representing 95.91% of the total volatile compounds—using a stationary phase based on 5% phenyl-methylpolysiloxane, as analyzed via gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and flame ionization detection (GC-FID). The main groups were hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes (37.43%), oxygenated sesquiterpenes (31.08%), hydrocarbon monoterpenes (24.14%), oxygenated monoterpenes (0.20%), and other compounds (3.058%). Samples were characterized by the following compounds: α-pinene (22.70%), α-humulene (17.20%), (E)-caryophyllene (6.02%), citronellyl pentanoate (5.76%), 7-epi-α-eudesmol (4.34%) and 5-iso-cedranol (3.64%); this research was complemented with an enantioselective analysis carried out using 2,3-diethyl-6-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-β-cyclodextrin as a stationary phase chiral selector. As a result, α-pinene, limonene, and α-cadinene enantiomers were identified; finally, in the search for new active principles, the EO reported strong anticholinesterase activity with an IC50 of 53.08 ± 1.13 µg/mL, making it a promising candidate for future studies of Alzheimer's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document provides brief biographical reviews of several individuals who have participated in research and education projects related to disability. Some of the mentioned individuals include Leire Andrés Saralegui, Clara Andrés-Gárriz, María José Bagnato Núñez, Eugenia Barbosa Molina, Cristina Broglia Feitosa de Lacerda, Felisa Casado González, Blanca Cegarra Dueñas, Albert Cervera Martínez, Juan José Criado Álvarez, Víctor Omar Dabbagh Rollán, and Leire Darretxe Urrutxi. The text provides brief biographical reviews of various researchers and professionals in different areas related to psychology and disability. Some of the mentioned names include Evan E. Dean, Nuria Farriols Hernando, Ramiro Andrés Fernández Unsain, Carolina Ferrante, Cecilia Ana Figari, Sebastián Gadea Rojas, Paula García Herrero, Monike Gezuraga Amundarain, and Antonia María Gómez Hinojosa. Vanesa Hervías Parejo, Cecilia Hontou Beisso, Paula Juaristi Salom, Beatriz Marques de Mattos, Alberto Martínez-Lorca, Manuela Martínez-Lorca, Cristina Mumbardó-Adam, Lucía Pereira Leite, Teresa Pretel-Luque, Alina Ribes Martínez-Márquez, Joan Saurí Ruiz, and Karrie A. Shogren are also mentioned. These professionals are dedicated to research, teaching, and clinical practice in areas related to disability. [Extracted from the article]

Clove is one of the oldest and most famous spices. Its seeds resemble nails. It is used in medicinal fields, but its fungicidal activity is unknown. The aim of the study was to test the inhibitory activity of phenolic extracts of cloves against the pathogenic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina. The research was conducted under laboratory conditions to test the inhibitory ability of Eugenia caryophyllus phenolic extracts on the fungus M. phaseolina, which was partially diagnosed on strawberry plants based on Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, in addition to its morphological and microscopic characteristics. The active compounds present The active compounds (Chlorogenic acid, Qurcetine, Gallic acid, Apigenin, Caffeic acid, Ferulic acid, Kaempferol, Rutin, Catechine) present in the extract of Industrial Methylated Spirit (IMS) separated from cloves were determined using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). and active compounds of IMS phenols(Qurcetine, Apigenin, Ferulic acid, Kaempferol). The inhibitory effect of phenols extracted from E. caryophyllus against M. phaseolina was tested. The results showed that the acetone extract and acetone phenols, which were used at concentrations of 10 and 15 mg/ml in PDA medium, had a significant effect on the growth of the fungus by 100%, as these fungi failed to grow. Formation of spores on Peptone dextrose medium (PDA) medium. While the percentage of inhibition of acetone phenols was 25% at a concentration of 5 mg/ml. As for the IMS extract and IMS phenols, it had a significant effect on the growth of the fungus at all concentrations used, but with different inhibition ratios, which increased directly with increasing concentration of the extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) has been widely used due to its specific and reproducible neurotoxic effect on the nigrostriatal system, being considered a convenient model of dopaminergic neurodegeneration to study interventions therapeutics. The purple pitanga (Eugenia uniflora) is a polyphenol-rich fruit with antioxidant and antidepressant properties, among others. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of purple pitanga extract (PPE) on acute early oxidative stress induced by intranasal 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) administration in rats. Male Wistar rats were pre-treated orally with PPE (1000 mg/kg) or vehicle. After 24 h, MPTP (0.1 mg/10µL/nostril) or vehicle was administered bilaterally into the animal's nostrils, and 6 h later, the olfactory bulb (OB), striatum (ST), and substantia nigra (SN) were collected to evaluate the oxidative stress parameters. Our findings revealed that OB and SN were the most affected areas after 6 h of MPTP infusion; an early increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels was observed, while pretreatment with a single dose of PPE prevented this increment. No differences in thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) formation were observed, although 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) levels increased, which is the most toxic form of lipid peroxidation, in the MPTP group. The PPE pretreatment could prevent this increase by increasing the NPSH levels previously decreased by MPTP. Furthermore, PPE prevents the Na+/K + ATPase strongly inhibited by MPTP, showing the neuroprotective capacity of the PPE by inhibiting the MPTP-generated oxidation. Thus, we demonstrated for the first time the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of PPE against the early MPTP neurotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grumixama is an anthocyanin-rich berry commonly found in South America, yet not widely consumed by Brazilians due to the lack of studies covering its technological properties. Therefore, the stability of anthocyanins and the activity of oxidoreductase enzymes in grumixama juice during thermal treatment (60 °C to 100 °C) and storage (at 25 °C and 7 °C) were evaluated. As a result, the pasteurization of grumixama juice at 80 °C for 60 s completely inactivated peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), eliminated microorganisms, and induced low degradation of the total anthocyanins (40%) and minimal degradation of the total phenolic compounds. Four anthocyanins were monitored in the pasteurized juice, namely delphinidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-glucoside, and two unidentified anthocyanins. Despite the temperature range, the qualitative chromatographic profile of the anthocyanins did not change, while the contents were affected. The binominal temperature/time of 80 °C/60 s effectively inactivated PPO and POD enzymes, promoted moderate alterations in the contents of total anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds, and ensured the microbiological quality of grumixama juice. Grumixama juice can be used as a health food due to its high content of antioxidant phenolic compounds, especially anthocyanins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, phytochemical profiling, cytotoxic potential, antitumoral activity, and α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition capacity of extracts of seed and pulp of Eugenia uniflora L. fruits were investigated. The extracts were obtained using a cellulase complex and the phenolic compounds were quantified. The cytotoxic potential and antitumoral activity were evaluated using peripheral blood mononuclear cells and melanoma-type tumor cells, respectively. The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition capacity was determined. For all extracts, the compounds identified and quantified were salicylic acid, protocatechuic acid, gallic acid and, myricitrin. For extract of pulp, ellagic and p-coumaric acids were also identified and quantified. The extracts do not show cytotoxicity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Extract of seed was able to decrease cell viability in melanoma-type tumor cells within 24 h of exposure. The concentration 5 µg mL−1 of extracts inhibited 7.73% of α-amylase and 15.34% of α-glucosidase. The Pitanga extracts presents substances with biological activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the volatile components and cytotoxic, antibacterial, antioxidant, and antiprotozoal activities of the essential oil obtained from the leaves of Eugenia stipitata McVaugh (Myrtaceae) grown in the Brazilian Northeast region (Araripe) were investigated. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation. The leaves of E. stipitata provided an oil yield of 0.13 ± 0.01% (w/w). The volatile compounds in the essential oil of E. stipitata were analysed using gas chromatography, and the volatile chemical composition was mainly composed of β-eudesmol (15.28%), γ-eudesmol (10.85%), elemol (10.21%) and caryophyllene oxide (6.65%). The essential oil of E. stipitata was highly selective against Leishmania braziliensis and L. infantum promastigotes. The essential oil exhibited good antibacterial activity. E. stipitata essential oil showed low free-radical scavenging activity. Our results suggest that the E. stipitata essential oil is a relevant source of the primary compounds required for the development of antibacterial and antiprotozoal drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]