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309 results on '"Euler diagram"'

1. The Region Connection Calculus, Euler Diagrams and Aristotelian Diagrams

Author

Anger, Claudia, Demey, Lorenz, Goos, Gerhard, Series Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Lemanski, Jens, editor, Johansen, Mikkel Willum, editor, Manalo, Emmanuel, editor, Viana, Petrucio, editor, Bhattacharjee, Reetu, editor, and Burns, Richard, editor

Published
2024
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2. Representing Uncertainty with Expanded Ueberweg Diagrams

Author

Moktefi, Amirouche, Bhattacharjee, Reetu, Lemanski, Jens, Goos, Gerhard, Series Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Lemanski, Jens, editor, Johansen, Mikkel Willum, editor, Manalo, Emmanuel, editor, Viana, Petrucio, editor, Bhattacharjee, Reetu, editor, and Burns, Richard, editor

Published
2024
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3. Euler Diagrams, Aristotelian Diagrams and Syllogistics

Author

Demey, Lorenz, Smessaert, Hans, Goos, Gerhard, Series Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Lemanski, Jens, editor, Johansen, Mikkel Willum, editor, Manalo, Emmanuel, editor, Viana, Petrucio, editor, Bhattacharjee, Reetu, editor, and Burns, Richard, editor

Published
2024
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4. Generating Qualitative Descriptions of Diagrams with a Transformer-Based Language Model

Author

Schorlemmer, Marco, Ballout, Mohamad, Kühnberger, Kai-Uwe, Goos, Gerhard, Series Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Lemanski, Jens, editor, Johansen, Mikkel Willum, editor, Manalo, Emmanuel, editor, Viana, Petrucio, editor, Bhattacharjee, Reetu, editor, and Burns, Richard, editor

Published
2024
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5. Visualizing set relationships: EVenn's comprehensive approach to Venn diagrams.

Author

Yang, Mei, Chen, Tong, Liu, Yong‐Xin, and Huang, Luqi

Subjects
*DATA modeling, *UPLOADING of data, *MULTIOMICS, *TRANSCRIPTOMES, *SERVER farms (Computer network management), *RESEARCH personnel
Abstract

Venn diagrams serve as invaluable tools for visualizing set relationships due to their ease of interpretation. Widely applied across diverse disciplines such as metabolomics, genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, their utility is undeniable. However, the operational complexity has been compounded by the absence of standardized data formats and the need to switch between various platforms for generating different Venn diagrams. To address these challenges, we introduce the EVenn platform, a versatile tool offering a unified interface for efficient data exploration and visualization of diverse Venn diagrams. EVenn (http://www.ehbio.com/test/venn) streamlines the data upload process with a standardized format, enhancing the capabilities for multimodule analysis. This comprehensive protocol outlines various applications of EVenn, featuring representative results of multiple Venn diagrams, data uploads in the centralized data center, and step‐by‐step case demonstrations. Through these functionalities, EVenn emerges as a valuable and user‐friendly tool for the in‐depth exploration of multiomics data. Highlights: Comprehensive Venn functionality: EVenn introduces a unified platform with diverse Venn diagram tools, from interactive diagrams to network representations, catering to the intricate needs of multiomics data analysis across metabolomics, genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics.Efficient data exploration: EVenn's data center streamlines exploration by supporting a standardized data format, allowing researchers to effortlessly upload and analyze data. The manuscript demonstrates its practical utility through representative results and detailed case demonstrations.User‐friendly interface: With a user‐friendly interface, EVenn simplifies the generation of various Venn diagrams, Euler diagrams, UpSet plots, and more. This protocol establishes EVenn as a valuable resource for researchers seeking a cohesive and accessible tool for multiomics data interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. 基于偏振方向统计特性的 目标背景差异特征分析.

Author

段 锦, 张文学, 莫苏新, 姜晓娇, and 高美玲

Abstract

Copyright of Journal of Jilin University (Science Edition) / Jilin Daxue Xuebao (Lixue Ban) is the property of Zhongguo Xue shu qi Kan (Guang Pan Ban) Dian zi Za zhi She and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2024
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7. -种大规模稀疏中国邮递员问题快速求解方法.

Author

唐继州, 何丽莉, and 白洪涛

Abstract

Copyright of Journal of Jilin University (Science Edition) / Jilin Daxue Xuebao (Lixue Ban) is the property of Zhongguo Xue shu qi Kan (Guang Pan Ban) Dian zi Za zhi She and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2024
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8. The Representation of Negative Terms with Euler Diagrams

Author

Bhattacharjee, Reetu, Moktefi, Amirouche, Pietarinen, Ahti-Veikko, Andréka, Hajnal, Editorial Board Member, Béziau, Jean-Yves, Series Editor, Burgin, Mark, Editorial Board Member, Diaconescu, Răzvan, Editorial Board Member, Herzig, Andreas, Editorial Board Member, Koslow, Arnold, Editorial Board Member, Lee, Jui-Lin, Editorial Board Member, Maksimova, Larissa, Editorial Board Member, Malinowski, Grzegorz, Editorial Board Member, Paoli, Francesco, Editorial Board Member, Sarenac, Darko, Editorial Board Member, Schröder-Heister, Peter, Editorial Board Member, Vasyukov, Vladimir, Editorial Board Member, Desclés, Jean-Pierre, editor, Moktefi, Amirouche, editor, and Pascu, Anca Christine, editor

Published
2022
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9. From Euler Diagrams to Aristotelian Diagrams

Author

Demey, Lorenz, Smessaert, Hans, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Giardino, Valeria, editor, Linker, Sven, editor, Burns, Richard, editor, Bellucci, Francesco, editor, Boucheix, Jean-Michel, editor, and Viana, Petrucio, editor

Published
2022
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10. Schopenhauer’s Eulerian Diagrams

Author

Moktefi, Amirouche, Andréka, Hajnal, Editorial Board Member, Béziau, Jean-Yves, Series Editor, Burgin, Mark, Editorial Board Member, Diaconescu, Răzvan, Editorial Board Member, Herzig, Andreas, Editorial Board Member, Koslow, Arnold, Editorial Board Member, Lee, Jui-Lin, Editorial Board Member, Maksimova, Larissa, Editorial Board Member, Malinowski, Grzegorz, Editorial Board Member, Paoli, Francesco, Editorial Board Member, Sarenac, Darko, Editorial Board Member, Schröder-Heister, Peter, Editorial Board Member, Vasyukov, Vladimir, Editorial Board Member, and Lemanski, Jens, editor

Published
2020
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11. From Euler Diagrams in Schopenhauer to Aristotelian Diagrams in Logical Geometry

Author

Demey, Lorenz, Andréka, Hajnal, Editorial Board Member, Béziau, Jean-Yves, Series Editor, Burgin, Mark, Editorial Board Member, Diaconescu, Răzvan, Editorial Board Member, Herzig, Andreas, Editorial Board Member, Koslow, Arnold, Editorial Board Member, Lee, Jui-Lin, Editorial Board Member, Maksimova, Larissa, Editorial Board Member, Malinowski, Grzegorz, Editorial Board Member, Paoli, Francesco, Editorial Board Member, Sarenac, Darko, Editorial Board Member, Schröder-Heister, Peter, Editorial Board Member, Vasyukov, Vladimir, Editorial Board Member, and Lemanski, Jens, editor

Published
2020
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12. Peirce’s Inclusion Diagrams, with Application to Syllogisms

Author

Bhattacharjee, Reetu, Moktefi, Amirouche, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Pietarinen, Ahti-Veikko, editor, Chapman, Peter, editor, Bosveld-de Smet, Leonie, editor, Giardino, Valeria, editor, Corter, James, editor, and Linker, Sven, editor

Published
2020
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13. 三维立交结构的欧拉图表达及交互设计方法.

Author

吴苗苗, 曹力, 秦宇, 王宇昆, and 刘晓平

Abstract

Copyright of Journal of Computer-Aided Design & Computer Graphics / Jisuanji Fuzhu Sheji Yu Tuxingxue Xuebao is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2022
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14. Making Sense of Schopenhauer’s Diagram of Good and Evil

Author

Lemanski, Jens, Moktefi, Amirouche, Hutchison, David, Editorial Board Member, Kanade, Takeo, Editorial Board Member, Kittler, Josef, Editorial Board Member, Kleinberg, Jon M., Editorial Board Member, Mattern, Friedemann, Editorial Board Member, Mitchell, John C., Editorial Board Member, Naor, Moni, Editorial Board Member, Pandu Rangan, C., Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Editorial Board Member, Tygar, Doug, Editorial Board Member, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Chapman, Peter, editor, Stapleton, Gem, editor, Moktefi, Amirouche, editor, Perez-Kriz, Sarah, editor, and Bellucci, Francesco, editor

Published
2018
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18. On Embeddability of Buses in Point Sets

Author

Bruckdorfer, Till, Kaufmann, Michael, Kobourov, Stephen G., Pupyrev, Sergey, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Di Giacomo, Emilio, editor, and Lubiw, Anna, editor

Published
2015
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20. eXamine: Visualizing annotated networks in Cytoscape [version 2; referees: 4 approved]

Author

Philipp Spohr, Kasper Dinkla, Gunnar W. Klau, and Mohammed El-Kebir

Subjects
Software Tool Article, Articles, functional subnetwork modules, visualization, enrichment, graph drawing, network community, Euler diagram
Abstract

eXamine is a Cytoscape app that displays set membership as contours on top of a node-link layout of a small graph. In addition to facilitating interpretation of enriched gene sets of small biological networks, eXamine can be used in other domains such as the visualization of communities in small social networks. eXamine was made available on the Cytoscape App Store in March 2014, has since registered more than 7,700 downloads, and has been highly rated by more than 25 users. In this paper, we present eXamine's new automation features that enable researchers to compose reproducible analysis workflows to generate visualizations of small, set-annotated graphs.

Published
2018
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21. eXamine: Visualizing annotated networks in Cytoscape [version 1; referees: 1 approved, 3 approved with reservations]

Author

Philipp Spohr, Kasper Dinkla, Gunnar W. Klau, and Mohammed El-Kebir

Subjects
Software Tool Article, Articles, functional subnetwork modules, visualization, enrichment, graph drawing, network community, Euler diagram
Abstract

eXamine is a Cytoscape app that displays set membership as contours on top of a node-link layout of a small graph. In addition to facilitating interpretation of enriched gene sets of small biological networks, eXamine can be used in other domains such as the visualization of communities in small social networks. eXamine was made available on the Cytoscape App Store in March 2014, has since registered more than 7,200 downloads, and has been highly rated by more than 25 users. In this paper, we present eXamine's new automation features that enable researchers to compose reproducible analysis workflows to generate visualizations of small, set-annotated graphs.

Published
2018
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22. Negative Terms in Euler Diagrams: Peirce’s Solution

Author

Moktefi, Amirouche, Pietarinen, Ahti-Veikko, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Jamnik, Mateja, editor, Uesaka, Yuri, editor, and Elzer Schwartz, Stephanie, editor

Published
2016
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23. MapSets: Visualizing Embedded and Clustered Graphs

Author

Efrat, Alon, Hu, Yifan, Kobourov, Stephen G., Pupyrev, Sergey, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Kobsa, Alfred, Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Duncan, Christian, editor, and Symvonis, Antonios, editor

Published
2014
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24. An Empirical Study of Diagrammatic Inference Process by Recording the Moving Operation of Diagrams

Author

Sato, Yuri, Wajima, Yuichiro, Ueda, Kazuhiro, Hutchison, David, Editorial Board Member, Kanade, Takeo, Editorial Board Member, Kittler, Josef, Editorial Board Member, Kleinberg, Jon M., Editorial Board Member, Kobsa, Alfred, Editorial Board Member, Mattern, Friedemann, Editorial Board Member, Mitchell, John C., Editorial Board Member, Naor, Moni, Editorial Board Member, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Editorial Board Member, Pandu Rangan, C., Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Editorial Board Member, Tygar, Doug, Editorial Board Member, Weikum, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Goebel, Randy, Series Editor, Tanaka, Yuzuru, Series Editor, Wahlster, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Siekmann, Jörg, Founding Editor, Dwyer, Tim, editor, Purchase, Helen, editor, and Delaney, Aidan, editor

Published
2014
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25. The Impact of Shape on the Perception of Euler Diagrams

Author

Blake, Andrew, Stapleton, Gem, Rodgers, Peter, Cheek, Liz, Howse, John, Hutchison, David, Editorial Board Member, Kanade, Takeo, Editorial Board Member, Kittler, Josef, Editorial Board Member, Kleinberg, Jon M., Editorial Board Member, Kobsa, Alfred, Editorial Board Member, Mattern, Friedemann, Editorial Board Member, Mitchell, John C., Editorial Board Member, Naor, Moni, Editorial Board Member, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Editorial Board Member, Pandu Rangan, C., Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Editorial Board Member, Tygar, Doug, Editorial Board Member, Weikum, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Goebel, Randy, Series Editor, Tanaka, Yuzuru, Series Editor, Wahlster, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Siekmann, Jörg, Founding Editor, Dwyer, Tim, editor, Purchase, Helen, editor, and Delaney, Aidan, editor

Published
2014
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26. Colored Spanning Graphs for Set Visualization

Author

Hurtado, Ferran, Korman, Matias, van Kreveld, Marc, Löffler, Maarten, Sacristán, Vera, Silveira, Rodrigo I., Speckmann, Bettina, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Wismath, Stephen, editor, and Wolff, Alexander, editor

Published
2013
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28. FmFinder: Search and Filter Your Favorite Songs

Author

Dang, Tuan Nhon, Anand, Anushka, Wilkinson, Leland, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Bebis, George, editor, Boyle, Richard, editor, Parvin, Bahram, editor, Koracin, Darko, editor, Fowlkes, Charless, editor, Wang, Sen, editor, Choi, Min-Hyung, editor, Mantler, Stephan, editor, Schulze, Jürgen, editor, Acevedo, Daniel, editor, Mueller, Klaus, editor, and Papka, Michael, editor

Published
2012
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29. Personalised Resource Categorisation Using Euler Diagrams

Author

Bottoni, Paolo, Cordasco, Gennaro, De Chiara, Rosario, Fish, Andrew, Scarano, Vittorio, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Costabile, Maria Francesca, editor, Dittrich, Yvonne, editor, Fischer, Gerhard, editor, and Piccinno, Antonio, editor

Published
2011
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30. Neural ideals and stimulus space visualization.

Author

Gross, Elizabeth, Obatake, Nida, and Youngs, Nora

Subjects
*VECTORS (Calculus), *EULER method, *EULER number, *EULER polynomials, *MATHEMATICAL sequences
Abstract

A neural code C is a collection of binary vectors of a given length n that record the co-firing patterns of a set of neurons. Our focus is on neural codes arising from place cells, neurons that respond to geographic stimulus. In this setting, the stimulus space can be visualized as subset of R 2 covered by a collection U of convex sets such that the arrangement U forms an Euler diagram for C . There are some methods to determine whether such a convex realization U exists; however, these methods do not describe how to draw a realization. In this work, we look at the problem of algorithmically drawing Euler diagrams for neural codes using two polynomial ideals: the neural ideal, a pseudo-monomial ideal; and the neural toric ideal, a binomial ideal. In particular, we study how these objects are related to the theory of piercings in information visualization, and we show how minimal generating sets of the ideals reveal whether or not a code is 0, 1, or 2-inductively pierced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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33. Euler Diagram Decomposition

Author

Fish, Andrew, Flower, Jean, Carbonell, Jaime G., editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, Stapleton, Gem, editor, Howse, John, editor, and Lee, John, editor

Published
2008
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34. Unsatisfiability Reasoning in ORM Conceptual Schemes

Author

Jarrar, Mustafa, Heymans, Stijn, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Dough, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Grust, Torsten, editor, Höpfner, Hagen, editor, Illarramendi, Arantza, editor, Jablonski, Stefan, editor, Mesiti, Marco, editor, Müller, Sascha, editor, Patranjan, Paula-Lavinia, editor, Sattler, Kai-Uwe, editor, Spiliopoulou, Myra, editor, and Wijsen, Jef, editor

Published
2006
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35. Exploring the Notion of ‘Clutter’ in Euler Diagrams

Author

John, Chris, Fish, Andrew, Howse, John, Taylor, John, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Dough, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Carbonell, Jaime G., editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, Barker-Plummer, Dave, editor, Cox, Richard, editor, and Swoboda, Nik, editor

Published
2006
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36. Visualizing Concepts with Euler Diagrams

Author

Burton, Jim, Stapleton, Gem, Howse, John, Chapman, Peter, Hutchison, David, Editorial Board Member, Kanade, Takeo, Editorial Board Member, Kittler, Josef, Editorial Board Member, Kleinberg, Jon M., Editorial Board Member, Kobsa, Alfred, Editorial Board Member, Mattern, Friedemann, Editorial Board Member, Mitchell, John C., Editorial Board Member, Naor, Moni, Editorial Board Member, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Editorial Board Member, Pandu Rangan, C., Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Editorial Board Member, Tygar, Doug, Editorial Board Member, Weikum, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Goebel, Randy, Series Editor, Tanaka, Yuzuru, Series Editor, Wahlster, Wolfgang, Series Editor, Siekmann, Jörg, Founding Editor, Dwyer, Tim, editor, Purchase, Helen, editor, and Delaney, Aidan, editor

Published
2014
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37. Evaluating Free Rides and Observational Advantages in Set Visualizations

Author

Andrew Blake, Peter Rodgers, Anestis Touloumis, Gem Stapleton, Stapleton, G [0000-0002-6567-6752], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and Stapleton, Gem [0000-0002-6567-6752]

Subjects
Linguistics and Language, Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, Venn diagrams, Semantics, computer.software_genre, Article, law.invention, symbols.namesake, Human–computer interaction, law, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Computer Science (miscellaneous), 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, QA, Set (psychology), Representation (mathematics), 050107 human factors, 05 social sciences, 020207 software engineering, Cognition, Linear diagrams, Philosophy, Information extraction, Euler diagrams, Observational advantages, symbols, Free rides, Venn diagram, Euler diagram, Observational study, computer
Abstract

Free rides and observational advantages occur in visualizations when they reveal facts that must be inferred from an alternative representation. Understanding whether these concepts correspond to cognitive advantages is important: do they facilitate information extraction, saving the ‘deductive cost’ of making inferences? This paper presents the first evaluations of free rides and observational advantages in visualizations of sets compared to text. We found that, for Euler and linear diagrams, free rides and observational advantages yielded significant improvements in task performance. For Venn diagrams, whilst their observational advantages yielded significant performance benefits over text, this was not universally true for free rides. The consequences are two-fold: more research is needed to establish when free rides are beneficial, and the results suggest that observational advantages better explain the cognitive advantages of diagrams over text. A take-away message is that visualizations with observational advantages are likely to be cognitively advantageous over competing representations.

Published
2021
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38. Methods for depicting overlap in overviews of systematic reviews: An introduction to static tabular and graphical displays

Author

Apostolos Tsapas, Eliophotos D. Savvides, Elpida Vounzoulaki, Konstantinos I. Bougioukas, Christina Karakosta, Theodoros Diakonidis, Chrysanthi Mantsiou, and Anna-Bettina Haidich

Subjects
Flexibility (engineering), Evidence-Based Medicine, Information retrieval, Epidemiology, Computer science, Network theory, Transparency (human–computer interaction), law.invention, Visualization, Set (abstract data type), 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, 0302 clinical medicine, Research Design, law, Computer Graphics, symbols, Humans, Venn diagram, Euler diagram, 030212 general & internal medicine, Statistical graphics, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Systematic Reviews as Topic
Abstract

Background and Objective To introduce potential static tabular and graphical techniques for visually presenting overlap between systematic reviews (SRs) included in overviews of systematic reviews (OoSRs). Methods The graphical approaches described include Venn and Euler diagrams, as well as matrix-based, node-link, and aggregation-based techniques. We used fundamental concepts of mathematics from set and network theory to develop our novel graphical approaches. The graphical displays were created using R. Results Overview authors have the flexibility to choose from a variety of visualizations, depending on the characteristics of their study. If the OoSRs include few SRs, a Venn or an Euler diagram can be used. In case of OoSRs with more SRs, Upset plots, heatmaps, and node-link graphs are more appropriate for visualizing overlapping SRs. Stacked bar plots constitute an aggregation-based technique of illustrating overlap. Strengths and limitations of each graphical approach are presented. Conclusion The degree of overlap should be explored for the entire study and for specific outcomes of interest. The proposed graphical techniques may assist methodologists and authors in identifying overlap, which in turn may improve validity and transparency in OoSRs. More research is needed to understand which technique would be most useful and easiest to understand.

Published
2021
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42. Is Euler’s circle a symbol or an icon?

Author

Amirouche Moktefi

Subjects
iconicity, Charles Peirce, homomorphism, Euler diagram, Venn diagram, logic diagram, Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar, P101-410
Abstract

The most familiar scheme of diagrams used in logic is known as Euler’s circles. It is named after the mathematician Leonhard Euler who popularized it in his Letters to a German Princess (1768). The idea is to use spaces to represent classes of individuals. Charles S. Peirce, who made significant contributions to the theory of diagrams, praised Euler’s circles for their ‘beauty’ which springs from their true iconicity. More than a century later, it is not rare to meet with such diagrams in semiotic literature. They are often offered as instances of icons and are said to represent logic relations as they naturally are. This paper discusses the iconicity of Euler’s circles in three phases: first, Euler’s circles are shown to be icons because their relations imitate the relations of the classes. Then, Euler’s circles themselves, independently of their relations to one another, are shown to be icons of classes. Finally, Euler’s circles are shown to be iconic in the highest degree because they have the relations that they are said to represent. The paper concludes with a note on the so-called naturalness of Euler’s circles.

Published
2015
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44. Diagrams for Navya-Nyāya

Author

James Burton

Subjects
Cultural Studies, Cognitive science, Computer science, 05 social sciences, Syllogism, Inference, 06 humanities and the arts, 050905 science studies, 0603 philosophy, ethics and religion, Philosophy, symbols.namesake, Diagrammatic reasoning, Abstract syntax, 060302 philosophy, symbols, Euler diagram, 0509 other social sciences, Rule of inference, Iconicity, Indian logic
Abstract

Although a number of authors have used diagrams extensively in their studies of Navya-Nyāya, they have done so to explain and illustrate concepts, not with the goal of reasoning with the diagrams themselves. Adherents of diagrammatic reasoning have made claims for its potential by pointing to key structural correspondences between diagrams and logical concepts, arguably lacking in sentential representations, and describing these relations using concepts such as “well matchedness” and “iconicity”. A canonical example of this iconicity is the use of Euler diagrams to depict categorical syllogisms. Since the meaning of expressions in Indian logic differs in so many important ways from logic in the Western tradition, the use or adaptation of diagrams developed in the latter would seem to preclude iconicity. Thus, the development of diagrams which reflect the nature of inference in Navya-Nyāya, which centres on the anumāna inference schema, is motivated. In this paper we extend Ganeri’s method of depicting the Vaiśeṣika ontology with graphs to include syntax intended to expose the nature of anumāna. The diagrams are given a formal basis: i.e. abstract syntax, inference rules defined abstractly and a graph-theoretic semantics. These are the first formalised logical diagrams that aim to reflect the nature of the anumāna inference. This paper lays the way for further work in extending the formalism to cover more of Navya-Nyāya, and in exploring a dialogue between properties of the formalism and of Navya-Nyāya.

Published
2020
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45. Интенсиональная семантика логики классов Дж. Венна

Subjects
Soundness, Pure mathematics, Logic, Categorical proposition, 010102 general mathematics, 0102 computer and information sciences, Predicate (mathematical logic), Propositional calculus, 01 natural sciences, Logical consequence, law.invention, Philosophy, symbols.namesake, Negation, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, law, symbols, Venn diagram, Euler diagram, 0101 mathematics, Mathematics
Abstract

In this article we expound V. I. Shalack’s approach to the adequate semantics for different syllogistic systems construction. The point is that the formulas of propositional logic are associated with the subject and the predicate of the categorical propositions as their meanings. The propositions themselves are interpreted with the help of logical entailment. We constructed semantics of this type for the J. Venn's syllogistic with non-standard primitive propositions: “All $S$ is all $P$” ($SaaP$), “All $S$ is some $P$” ($SaiP$), “Some $S$ is all $P$” ($SiaP$), “Some $S$ is some $P$” ($SiiP$), “No $S$ is $P$” ($SeP$). Each of them corresponds to one of the Euler diagrams. There are two kinds of Venn's syllogistic formalization: one is the theory of the relations between arbitrary classes and another is the theory of the relations between non-empty classes. We construct Shalack’s type semantics for the first formalization. We introduce the function $\delta$ puts arbitrary propositional formulas in correspondence with the general terms. Let the general terms $S$ and $P$ be interpreted by propositional formulas $A$ and $B$. $SaaP$ is true under this interpretation iff $A$ entails $B$ and $B$ entails $A$; $SaiP$ is true iff $A$ entails $B$ and $B$ doesn't entail $A$; $SiaP$ is true iff $A$ doesn't entail $B$ and $B$ entails $A$; $SeP$ is true iff $A$ entails the negation of $B$; $SiiP$ is true iff $A$ doesn't entail $B$, $B$ doesn't entail $A$ and $A$ doesn't entail the negation of $B$. Truth definitions for complex syllogistic formulas are standard. The adequate semantics for the second formalization of Venn's syllogistic is constructed by changing the interpretation of general terms: we assign to them only satisfiable propositional formulas. Soundness and completeness theorems are proved for both types of the syllogistic. Also we construct the semantics where we use relevant ($\textbf{FDE}$) entailment in favour of classical entailment in the truth definitions of Venn's syllogistic formulas. We formulate the syllogistic calculus which is adequate to this semantics. In conclusion we compare the deductive power of three Venn's type syllogistics.

Published
2019
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46. Upset diagrams for examining whether parking maximums influence modal choice and car holdings

Author

Anthony Kimpton

Subjects
050210 logistics & transportation, 0303 health sciences, Computer science, The Intersect, 05 social sciences, Geography, Planning and Development, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Upset, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, Modal, law, 0502 economics and business, symbols, Calculus, Euler diagram, Venn diagram, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

Venn and Euler diagrams can provide researchers and practitioners with a quick visual summary of information that is relevant for evaluating policy, but given that the potential number of intersections grows exponentially relative to sets of information (2 n – 1), diagrams featuring more than three sets of information are typically difficult to interpret from a two-dimensional medium (i.e. reports or articles). In contrast, upset diagrams arrange sets and intersections on a matrix. Thus, the potential number of intersections grows linearly, and further information (e.g. histograms and boxplots) can be aligned vertically or horizontally to this matrix. To demonstrate this application, seven commuter modal choices, two car-parking policies, car holdings and country of birth will be visualised using an upset diagram to evaluate whether a parking-maximums policy reform in Brisbane, Australia, is reducing car ownership and dependence.

Published
2019
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47. SpEuler: Semantics-preserving Euler Diagrams

Author

Jochen Görtler, Oliver Deussen, Rebecca Kehlbeck, and Yunhai Wang

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Theoretical computer science, Computer science, Semantics (computer science), Circular layout, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, symbols.namesake, Dual graph, Simple (abstract algebra), Signal Processing, Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms, symbols, Euler's formula, Graph (abstract data type), Euler diagram, Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS), Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Representation (mathematics), Software
Abstract

Creating comprehensible visualizations of highly overlapping set-typed data is a challenging task due to its complexity. To facilitate insights into set connectivity and to leverage semantic relations between intersections, we propose a fast two-step layout technique for Euler diagrams that are both well-matched and well-formed. Our method conforms to established form guidelines for Euler diagrams regarding semantics, aesthetics, and readability. First, we establish an initial ordering of the data, which we then use to incrementally create a planar, connected, and monotone dual graph representation. In the next step, the graph is transformed into a circular layout that maintains the semantics and yields simple Euler diagrams with smooth curves. When the data cannot be represented by simple diagrams, our algorithm always falls back to a solution that is not well-formed but still well-matched, whereas previous methods often fail to produce expected results. We show the usefulness of our method for visualizing set-typed data using examples from text analysis and infographics. Furthermore, we discuss the characteristics of our approach and evaluate our method against state-of-the-art methods.

Published
2021

48. On the Diagrammatic Representation of Existential Statements with Venn Diagrams.

Author

Moktefi, Amirouche and Pietarinen, Ahti-Veikko

Subjects
VENN diagrams, MATHEMATICAL logic
Abstract

It is of common use in modern Venn diagrams to mark a compartment with a cross to express its non-emptiness. Modern scholars seem to derive this convention from Charles S. Peirce, with the assumption that it was unknown to John Venn. This paper demonstrates that Venn actually introduced several methods to represent existentials but felt uneasy with them. The resistance to formalize existentials was not limited to diagrammatic systems, as George Boole and his followers also failed to provide a satisfactory symbolic representation for them. This difficulty points out issues that are inherent to the very nature of existentials. This paper assesses the various methods designed for the representation of existential statements with Venn diagrams. First, Venn's own attempts are discussed and compared with other solutions proposed by his contemporaries and successors, notably Lewis Carroll and Peirce. Since disjunctives hold an important role in an effective representation of existentials, their representation is also discussed. Finally, recent methods for the diagrammatic representation of existing individuals, rather than mere existence, are surveyed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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49. Euler diagrams through the looking glass: From extent to intent

Author

Gem Stapleton, Amirouche Moktefi, John Howse, and James Burton

Subjects
symbols.namesake, Meaning (philosophy of language), 46 Information and Computing Sciences, Computer science, symbols, Calculus, Euler diagram, Intension, Semantic property, Extension (predicate logic), Set (psychology), Translation (geometry), Extensional definition
Abstract

Extension and intension are two ways of indicating the fundamental meaning of a concept. The extent of a concept, C, is the set of objects which correspond to C whereas the intent of C is the collection of attributes that characterise it. Thus, intension defines the set of objects corresponding to C without naming them individually. Mathematicians switch comfortably between these perspectives but the majority of logical diagrams deal exclusively in extension. Euler diagrams indicate sets using curves to depict their extent in a way that intuitively matches the relations between the sets. What happens when we use spatial diagrams to depict intension? What can we infer about the intension of a concept given its extension, and vice versa? We present the first steps towards addressing these questions by defining extensional and intensional Euler diagrams and translations between the two perspectives. We show that translation in either direction leads to a loss of information, yet preserves important semantic properties. To conclude, we explain how we expect further exploration of the relationship between the two perspectives could shed light on connections between diagrams, extension, intension, and well-matchedness.

Published
2021
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50. Set Visualisations with Euler and Hasse Diagrams

Author

Uta Priss

Subjects
Computer science, Contrast (statistics), 020207 software engineering, 06 humanities and the arts, 02 engineering and technology, 0603 philosophy, ethics and religion, Field (computer science), Connection (mathematics), Set (abstract data type), Algebra, symbols.namesake, 060302 philosophy, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, symbols, Euler's formula, Formal concept analysis, Euler diagram
Abstract

This paper discusses set visualisations with concept lattices in the sense of Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) in contrast to visualisations with Euler diagrams. Both types of visualisations have advantages and disadvantages. Because of the connection between both fields and the body of knowledge that exists in both fields it is of interest to investigate whether results from either field can contribute to the other.

Published
2021
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