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The shortcomings in the decision of a Community case law for free movement of goods for intra-community trade relevant to the Keck case is discussed. Some suggestions are put forward to achieve better transparency and coherency on Community law.

The Danish Act that provides for tax-free conversion from a personally owned company to a company under corporate ownership can be made to a company domiciled in Europe or European Economic Community country other than Denmark violates the European Community law and therefore must be changed. Other details on the Danish VOL rules are discussed.

The article discusses the consequences of the inclusion of new member states from Central and Eastern Europe to the European Union. This has resulted in the national courts of such countries, especially the supreme courts having to resolve cases based on the supremacy of the European Union law over national law including the provisions of their national constitutions.

Supranational arbitration is a new type of arbitration, unlike the traditional concept of international commercial arbitration. The unique features of this arbitration are provided along with reasons for their uniqueness and it seems a certainty that the future of EC remedy-related arbitration will be supranational.

The rules to be followed by arbitrators regarding Articles of 81 and 82 which belong to the basic principles of public policy and their relationship with the Eucopean Commission are provided.

Arbitrations provided for by merger commitments are not a regulatory instrument but a tool of private enforcement which ensures enforcement of merger commitments, especially for the settlement of the disputes which may arise in relation to them.

The article discusses the English and French law that demonstrates how the defense administration can offer a valuable contribution to English lawyers'. It further helps in understanding of policy as it operates in the field of State liability.

Mixed agreements to which the European Community as well as its Member States are parties have evolved as the main feature of the external relations of the Community and are also due to become the main feature of the external relations of the European Union. An exploration is undertaken of whether, why and to what extent the European Court of Justice (ECJ) has interpretative jurisdiction over mixed agreements in the light of case law.

Analysis of European Union law, pertaining to relevance of most favoured nation status during taxation of European businesses, is presented.

An American geographer with extensive field and research experience in Southeast Europe examines the implications of 'enlargement fatigue' for Southeast European states aspiring to EU accession. He argues that progress toward EU enlargement into Southeast Europe and further integration through the EU Constitution is no longer restricted to internal (intra-EU) dynamics of widening and deepening, but rather must be complemented by an 'external dynamic' involving a coherent EU foreign policy. This 'external dynamic' would focus on promoting peace and stability on EU borders and quelling the external factors contributing to popular dissent within EU against expansion and integration. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: F02, 015, 018, 019. 1 figure, 41 references. Key words: Southeast Europe, EU enlargement, Balkans, Bosnia, Croatia, Turkey, Stabilization and Association Policy, European Neighborhood Policy, Serbia, Montenegro, Albania, Macedonia.

Two political geographers examine significant ways in which northern-tier states of the EU-10 entrants in 2004 have challenged conceptions of European integration. The paper first focuses on the institution of exclusionary citizenship regimes, particularly in Latvia and Estonia, that created a new caste of 'non-citizens' within the EU's boundaries. It then turns to the strained Polish-EU relations involving inter alia the war in Iraq, proAmericanism, and alleged violation of human rights through the purported existence of CIA detention and interrogation facilities. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: F02, 015, 018, 2 figures, 1 table, 72 references. Key words: Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, European Union, enlargement of EU, national identity, citizenship regimes, CIA prisons, death penalty, human rights.

The European contract law project has crossed the threshold between an intellectual exercise and concrete policy. The 2004 Communication on the way forward describes the procedure to implement the policy suggested by the 2003 Action Plan, and so it would now be timely to give some thought to the likely impact of the Common Frame of Reference (CFR) on future Community law. It is submitted that the CFR is indispensable for the planned crafting of full harmonisation consumer contract law. This article therefore focuses on the possible uses of the CFR for consumer legislation and attempts to make the case for a recasting of Community law on consumer protection as a first priority in the implementation of the project. Based on policy papers and policy considerations, this article suggests making a test case of the travel and tourism sectors. It also reflects further on the potential virtues of an optional instrument for consumer legislation.

The proposed EU directive on the sale of consumer goods and associated guarantees, as approved in April 1998, will provide a minimum level of consumer protection across the EU. The directive establishes legal guarantees which create remedies for goods not conforming to the sales contract and commercial guarantees which create remedies for goods not conforming to the seller's express promise. The directive should set the stage for a higher level of consumer protection in the future.