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8. Simulation of a Continuous Pyrolysis Reactor for a Heat Self-Sufficient Process and Liquid Fuel Production.

Author

Chavando, Antonio, Silva, Valter Bruno, Tarelho, Luís A. C., Cardoso, João Sousa, and Eusebio, Daniela

Subjects
NET present value, ENERGY consumption, PAYBACK periods, PYROLYSIS, CHAR, LIQUID fuels
Abstract

This study investigates the potential of utilizing pyrolysis byproducts, including char and non-condensable gases, as an energy source to promote autothermal pyrolysis. A total of six pyrolysis experiments were conducted at three distinct cracking temperatures, namely, 450 °C, 500 °C, and 550 °C. The experiments utilized two types of biomasses, i.e., 100% pine chips and 75% pine chips mixed with 25% refuse-derived fuels (RDF). The findings from the experiments were subsequently incorporated into a process simulation conducted on Aspen Plus for an energy balance and a techno-economic analysis. The results of the experiments revealed that the energy produced by the byproducts utilizing only pine chips is 1.453 kW/kg, which is enough to fulfill the energy demand of the pyrolysis reactor (1.298 kW/kg). However, when 25% of RDF is added, the energy demand of the reactor decreases to 1.220 kW/kg, and the produced energy increases to 1.750 kW/kg. Furthermore, adding RDF increases bio-oil's lower heating value (LHV). The techno-economic study proposed three scenarios: optimistic, conservative, and tragic. The optimistic has a payback period (PBP) of 7.5 years and a positive net present value (NPV). However, the other two scenarios were unfavorable, resulting in unfeasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Advancements and Challenges of Ammonia as a Sustainable Fuel for the Maritime Industry.

Author

Chavando, Antonio, Silva, Valter, Cardoso, João, and Eusebio, Daniela

Subjects
COMPOUND annual growth rate, FUEL industry, HEAT recovery, NITROGEN oxides emission control, AMMONIA, ALTERNATIVE fuels
Abstract

The maritime industry needs sustainable, low-emission fuels to reduce the environmental impact. Ammonia is one of the most promising alternative fuels because it can be produced from renewable energy, such as wind and solar. Furthermore, ammonia combustion does not emit carbon. This review article covers the advantages and disadvantages of using ammonia as a sustainable marine fuel. We start by discussing the regulations and environmental concerns of the shipping sector, which is responsible for around 2% to 3% of global energy-related CO2 emissions. These emissions may increase as the maritime industry grows at a compound annual growth rate of 4.33%. Next, we analyze the use of ammonia as a fuel in detail, which presents several challenges. These challenges include the high price of ammonia compared to other fossil fuels, the low reactivity and high toxicity of ammonia, NOx, and N2O emissions resulting from incomplete combustion, an inefficient process, and NH3 slipping. However, we emphasize how to overcome these challenges. We discuss techniques to reduce NOx and N2O emissions, co-combustion to improve reactivity, waste heat recovery strategies, the regulatory framework, and safety conditions. Finally, we address the market trends and challenges of using ammonia as a sustainable marine fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. Contributors

Author

Abraham, Abhinav, Alam, Mahabubul, Babu, Aravindh, Boehman, André L., Brezinsky, Kenneth, Cai, Liming, Carbone, Francesco, Cardoso, João Sousa, Chatterjee, Tanusree, Chavando, José Antonio Mayoral, Cheng, Zhuo, da Cruz Tarelho, Luís António, Egolfopoulos, Fokion N., Eusébio, Daniela, Fan, Liang-Shih, Ferris, Alison M., Fjodorow, Peter, Gaiser, Nina, Geigle, Klaus Peter, Gleason, Kevin, Goldenstein, Christopher S., Gomez, Alessandro, Hall, Matthew J., Hong, Hua, Iervolino, Giuseppina, Joshi, Anuj, Joshi, Rushikesh, Ju, Yiguang, Kim, Keunsoo, Kohse-Höinghaus, Katharina, Kokjohn, Sage L., Kumar, Sonu, Lacoste, Deanna A., Lee, Tonghun, Li, Yuyang, Lynch, Patrick, Magi, Vinicio, Manikantachari (Raghu), K.R.V., Mayhew, Eric, Mehta, Jai M., Meloni, Eugenio, Mohapatra, Pinak, Palma, Vincenzo, Pitz, William J., Qin, Lang, Rahman, Ramees K., Rudolph, Charlotte, Ruwe, Lena, Saggese, Chiara, Silva, Valter Bruno, Spearrin, R. Mitchell, Sun, Chenxi, Sunny, Ashin, Tomar, Mukul, Tse, Stephen D., Vasu, Subith S., Viggiano, Annarita, Wagner, Steven, Wang, Zhandong, Wang, Ziyu, Westbrook, Charles K., Yehliu, Kuen, Zádor, Judit, and Zetterberg, Johan

Published
2023
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16. Contributors

Author

Alipour-Dehkordi, Afshar, Aziz, Azrina Abd, Behrad Vakylabad, Ali, Bisotti, Filippo, Bocci, Enrico, Cardoso, João Sousa, Chavando, José Antonio Mayoral, Chowdhury, Ranjana, De, Sudipta, de Oliveira Junior, Silvio, Delshah, Maryam, Di Carlo, Andrea, Domingos, Meire Ellen Gorete Ribeiro, dos Santos, Moisés Teles, Eusébio, Daniela, Farsi, Mohammad, Fedeli, Matteo, Flórez-Orrego, Daniel A., Ghasem, Nayef, Habib, Ahosan, Hossain, Jafar, Khademi, Mohammad Hasan, Maharluie, Hadis Najafi, Makarem, Mohammad Amin, Manenti, Flavio, Manna, Dinabandhu, Marcantonio, Vera, Monir, Minhaj Uddin, Nalchifard, Fereshteh, Nogueira Nakashima, Rafael, Pati, Soumitra, Phoungthong, Khamphe, Pontes, Karen Valverde, Puig-gamero, M., Quirino, Poliana P.S., Rahimpour, Hamid Reza, Rahimpour, Mohammad Reza, Rahmani, Mohammad, Rossetti, Ilenia, Sedaghat, Mohammad Hadi, Sepahi, Sonia, Silva, Valter, Tarelho, Luís A.C., Techato, Kuaanan, Yousefi, Shabnam, and Yousuf, Abu

Published
2023
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17. Contributors

Author

Abbaspour, Mitra, Abdalla, Amr, Ahmad, Waqar, Anchieta, Chayene Gonçalves, Aryal, Prakash, Asadi, Nooshin, Asghari, Koroosh, Assaf, Elisabete Moreira, Assaf, José Mansur, Bailera, Manuel, Caballero, Carlos Gilberto Temoltzin, Cardoso, João Sousa, Chavando, José Antonio Mayoral, de Oliveira Junior, Silvio, Domingos, Meire Ellen Gorete Ribeiro, dos Santos, Moisés Teles, Dwivedi, Swarit, Eusébio, Daniela, Farooqui, Azharuddin, Fernández-Blanco, Carla, Flórez-Orrego, Daniel A., Ghazi, Foroogh Mohseni Ghaleh, Hatwar, Ashwin, Kazeroonian, Fatemeh Khodaparast, Kennes, Christian, Kennes-Veiga, David M., Khosravani, Hadiseh, Lino, Ananda Vallezi Paladino, Lisbona, Pilar, Mahinpey, Nader, Makarem, Mohammad Amin, Marzoughi, Tayebeh, Meshksar, Maryam, Nogueira Nakashima, Rafael, Pérez, Virginia, Rahimpour, Elham, Rahimpour, Hamid Reza, Rahimpour, Mohammad Reza, Roostaie, Tayebe, Sepahi, Sonia, Shahbazi, Mohammad Javad, Shirazi, Nazanin Abrishami, Silva, Valter, Soleimani, Anahita, Tanksale, Akshat, Tarelho, Luís A.C., Veiga, María C., and Yousefi, Shabnam

Published
2023
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