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Background: Brain iron homeostasis is disrupted in neurodegeneration and areas of iron overload partially overlap with regions of amyloid and tau burden in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Previous studies demonstrated alterations in brain iron accumulation in AD using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). Objective: Here, we investigate brain alterations of QSM values in AD and non-AD patients as compared to healthy controls (HC) in the superior temporal sulcus and its banks (BANKSSTS), one of the top AD-affected regions. Methods: Thirty-four patients who underwent brain MRI including a multi-echo gradient-echo sequence were subdivided into AD (n = 19) and non-AD (n = 15) groups according to their clinical profile, CSF (Aβ 42/40) and/or amyloid-PET status. Ten HC were also included. QSM values were extracted from left and right BANKSSTS and compared among groups. Correlation and binomial regression analyses between QSM values and CSF-AD biomarkers were conducted. Results: QSM in left BANKSSTS was significantly different among groups (p = 0.003, H = 11.40), being higher in AD. QSM values in left BANKSSTS were correlated with Aβ 42 (rho –0.55, p = 0.005), Aβ 42/40 (rho –0.66, p < 0.001), pTau (rho 0.63, p < 0.001), tTau (rho 0.56, p = 0.005), tTau/Aβ 42 (rho 0.68, p < 0.001) and pTau/Aβ 42 (rho 0.71, p < 0.001). No correlations between QSM values and amyloid-PET SUVR in the left BANKSSTS were found. QSM values in left BANKSSTS showed good accuracy in discriminating AD (AUC = 0.80, CI95 % [0.66–0.93]). Higher QSM values were independent predictors of Aβ 42 (B = 0.63, p = 0.032), Aβ 42/40 (B = 0.81, p = 0.028), pTau (B = 0.96, p = 0.046), tTau (B = 0.55, p = 0.027), and tTau/Aβ 42 (B = 1.13, p = 0.042) positivity. Conclusion: Our preliminary data support the potential role of increased QSM values in the left BANKSSTS as an auxiliary imaging biomarker in AD diagnosis.

F-choline PET/CT was performed for suspected prostate cancer relapse in a 67-year-old man with hip pain and a rapid rise in prostate-specific antigen values (1.1 ng/mL). PET imaging showed an area of increased F-choline bone uptake in the right ischium. Coregistered CT images showed a lytic bone lesion. The infrequent CT appearance of a possible prostate carcinoma metastasis led to additional laboratory testing that showed a monoclonal γ-peak and to subsequent biopsy, which revealed a solitary plasmocytoma.

Radionuclide therapy using iodine-131 is widely employed in the work-up of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. After a brief introduction on physical and dosimetry characteristics of radioactive iodine, this paper suggests state of the arts protocol for the ablation of thyroid remnants and for the treatment of metastatic disease. Diagnostic applications of Nuclear Medicine in these tumors are critically evaluated as well, from the use of iodine-131 whole-body scan to 18F-FDG PET and other new diagnostic tools. Finally, a brief description of new radionuclide treatments is reported