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In China, despite the continuous efforts to preserve traditional villages in recent years, a significant amount of cultural heritages continue to vanish. Commonly observed issues such as the lack of coordination between preservation and development, the imbalance in spatial environment conservation and utilization, are pervasive. Regrettably, there is a conspicuous absence of theoretical underpinning in addressing these challenges. In this study, The evaluation factor of spatial environmental protection was selected, and these factors were weighted through expert surveys and the Analytic Hierarchy Process, and applied the multi-objective linear weighting function method to obtain a comprehensive evaluation calculation formula. Subsequently, we conducted an assessment of 28 representative traditional villages in the southern Chinese regions of Guangdong, Fujian, and Jiangxi. Their current issues were systematically analyzed and cluster analysis was applied to discern 11 distinct typologies of traditional village development. Besides, the temporal evolution patterns of these villages were delved into, and their development were categorized into five stages: initiation, enhancement, prosperity, over-development, and decline. Ultimately, based on the spatial environment characteristics of each development type and evolution stage, corresponding guidelines for spatial environment conservation and utilization are proposed, which provides necessary theoretical frameworks for future work this region.

Abstract The quantitative extraction and evolution stage identification of the Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas are the basis for the restoration of regional plants and the reconstruction of degraded ecosystems. In this paper, the Nitraria tangutorum nebkha in Dengkou County of China was taken as the research object. Through the spectral and texture information of Gaofen-2 satellite image, the quantitative extraction of Nitraria tangutorum nebkha area and coverage information was completed using methods of gray threshold method, mathematical morphology, FCLSU mixed pixel decomposition, kernel density spatial analysis; the current evolution stage of the Nitraria tangutorum nebkha was identified, and their spatial distribution characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The user accuracy and mapping accuracy of Nitraria tangutorum nebkha extracted from Random Forest combined with object-oriented classification method were up to 90.32%. (2) The method proposed can achieve an accuracy of 93.76% in extracting the spatial position of Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas. (3) The evolution of Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas can be divided into three stages: embryonic or developmental stage, stable stage, and declining stage, with a proportion of 60.70%, 20.97%, and 18.33%, respectively; The Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas in the study area is mainly in their embryonic or developmental stage, and the proportion of Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas in the declining stage is also large. It can provide technical and theoretical support for the precise extraction of nebkhas in arid and semi-arid desert areas, the identification of their current evolutionary stages, and the study of their spatial distribution patterns.

The quantitative extraction and evolution stage identification of the Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas are the basis for the restoration of regional plants and the reconstruction of degraded ecosystems. In this paper, the Nitraria tangutorum nebkha in Dengkou County of China was taken as the research object. Through the spectral and texture information of Gaofen-2 satellite image, the quantitative extraction of Nitraria tangutorum nebkha area and coverage information was completed using methods of gray threshold method, mathematical morphology, FCLSU mixed pixel decomposition, kernel density spatial analysis; the current evolution stage of the Nitraria tangutorum nebkha was identified, and their spatial distribution characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The user accuracy and mapping accuracy of Nitraria tangutorum nebkha extracted from Random Forest combined with object-oriented classification method were up to 90.32%. (2) The method proposed can achieve an accuracy of 93.76% in extracting the spatial position of Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas. (3) The evolution of Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas can be divided into three stages: embryonic or developmental stage, stable stage, and declining stage, with a proportion of 60.70%, 20.97%, and 18.33%, respectively; The Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas in the study area is mainly in their embryonic or developmental stage, and the proportion of Nitraria tangutorum nebkhas in the declining stage is also large. It can provide technical and theoretical support for the precise extraction of nebkhas in arid and semi-arid desert areas, the identification of their current evolutionary stages, and the study of their spatial distribution patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Educational Studies (1673-1298) is the property of Journal of Educational Studies Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Sedimentologica Sinica is the property of Acta Sedimentologica Sinica Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There are isolated carbonate platforms of different scales in Late Palaeozoic of Youjiang Basin. Longhuo platform is a small platform in the northwestern of the basin. The studies indicate that two facies regions and seven kinds of sedimentary facies can be identified. There are mainly isolated platform facies region, slope-basin facies region, and restricted platform, open platform, shoal of platform margin, reef of platform margin, the trench facies in platform, front slope of carbonate platform and deep water basin between platforms facies. The isolated carbonate platforms, most bred in early Devonian and submerged in the Early Triassic, can be divided into four evolutional stages, embryonic stage (D1 -D2 ), forming stage (D3), sustained development stage (C1-P2 ) and submerged stage (P3 -T1 ). During the Late Paleozoic period, the Youjiang Basin evolved from rifting to a small oceanic basin with intensive expansion and subsidence, while the southern margin of the Yangtze Platform experienced extension and breaking splitting. The formation and evolution of the platform are closely related to the tectonic evolution of Youjiang Basin, and are also affected by the global sea level rise and fall, and the input of terrigenous materials in the basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study reports the determining the evolution stage of coal combustion bases on its corresponding characteristic behaviours and the oxidation kinetics during different evolution stages including the newly ignited stage (NIS), accelerating stage (AS), consistently burning stage (CBS), slowly burning-out stage (SBS), and extinct stage (ES). The main characteristic behaviours during coal combustion, namely, temperature gradients, oxygen consumption, gaseous products, and heat release, were investigated using an experimental apparatus. Preliminary criteria for distinguishing the evolution stage of a coal fire were developed based on these characteristic behaviours. The results showed that for the Weihuliang coal, the CO/CO2 ratio could be regarded as an indicator of an extinct coal fire, and SO2 could be used to distinguish newly ignited, accelerating, or consistently burning coal fires. The heat release during the CBS, SBS, and ES was classified into three heat levels, with the first-level heat occurring during the CBS, second-level heat during the SBS, and third-level heat during the ES. A minimum value of oxygen mass flux required for ideal coal combustion was proposed to ensure the applicability of the first-order Arrhenius equation during the ES. Lastly with the oxygen supply considered, unifying the first-order Arrhenius equations (the chemical equations) during different evolution stages was put forward as an approach of model simplification. This work will be helpful in the understanding the evolution process of coal fires, and also useful for the effective control and sustainable recovery utilisation of coal fires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mountain Research (10082786) is the property of Mountain Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Droughts are one of the most devastating natural disasters, which impose increasing risks to humanity and the environment in the 21st century. The recent and continuous drought in China has led to detrimental effects on the local environment and societies in Yunnan Province, thus there is an urgent need to monitor the spatial and temporal evolution of the drought. The characteristics of the spatial distribution of drought processes and the impact of droughts on soil moisture and water storage remains unclear. In this study, the direction, magnitude, start time, and duration of droughts were investigated, based on TotalWater Storage Anomalies (TWSA) of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE), Climate Change Initiative Soil Moisture (CCI SM), and observed precipitation data. The spatial patterns of TWSA trends at each time duration segment suggest that the evolution of drought processes is very complex, and can be clustered into three zones. The spatial distribution of TWSA revealed that the drought status lasted more than one year longer in the north and east parts compared to other parts of Yunnan Province. Water losses occurred in the south part, while water gains were found in the central, north, and east parts of Yunnan Province, from 2002 to 2014, indicating a higher possibility of droughts in the south part in the future. Both de-seasonalized TWSA and CCI SM effectively captured the serious drought from 2009 to 2010 in Yunnan, and their spatial patterns were found to be consistent. The drought detected from CCI SMA had a one-month lag and TWSA had a two-month lag, in comparison to the meteorological drought from precipitation data, which indicates that the drought data derived from CCI SMA and TWSA are better able to represent the impact of droughts, particularly on agriculture. The contribution of surface SM changes in TWSA was determined to be about 41.94%, suggesting that variations in soil moisture only explain less than half of the total water storage change. GRACE observations and CCI SM can be used as important indicators of the spatial distribution of the drought process and its impact on the environment and local communities, which will improve the management of water resources and early detection and monitoring of droughts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Zhongguai uplift in Junggar Basin experiences multi stages of tectonic movements. The superimposition and alteration mineralization of faults are strong, forming complex fault systems. According to the new collected high-precision 3D seismic data, the fault systems in Zhongguai uplift were interpreted, and the superimposed relation of different fault systems identified was discussed. The results show that the faults in Zhongguai uplift can be divided into thrust fault, normal fault and strike-slip fault, which have significant differences; according to the types, scale, activity and formation mechanism of these faults, the fault systems in Zhongguai uplift include Carboniferous-Permian compression and thrust fault system, Triassic-Jurassic transpressive and strike-slip fault system and Cretaceous-Neogene extensive normal fault system; according to the difference of fault occurrence, corresponding relation of faults in plane and in profile, and genetic relationship with boundary fault, the faults in plane can be subdivided into the thrust-slip fault group in the east of well Hong3, the thrust-slip fault group in the east of well 598, the thrust-slip fault group in the east of Hongshanzui, the thrust fault group in the south of Wuqu, the thrust-weak slip fault group in Karamay, and the thrust-slip fault group in the east of well Guai6; the structure and combination of each fault group are unique individually; according to the tectonic evolution setting in the northwestern margin of Junggar Basin, combined with balance section restoration, the fault systems in Zhongguai uplift can be divided into Permian compression and thrust stage, Triassic-Jurassic transpressive stage and Cretaceous-Neogene tilted extensive stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study conducts lattice Boltzmann simulation of flow in a duct with evolving porous layers (EPL) on the walls. The effects of elapsed time (0 < t < 125 mins), Darcy number (0.0001 < Da < 0.01), Reynolds number (100 < Re < 400), and porosity (0.85 < ε < 0.99) on the problem are studied. The time history of the average Nusselt number ratio is calculated to study thermal performance reduction of the duct. It is seen that the thermal performance is reduced as the EPL grows on the walls. Two stages in the performance reduction over time are identified in the present study, called the initial and evolution stages. At the initial stage, the performance is reduced slightly, and at the evolution stage, that starts at t ev , the performance reduction occurs rapidly and approximately at a constant rate. It is shown that at Re = 200 the thermal performance is reduced by 17% and 3.2% for Da = 10−4 and 10−2, respectively, compared to the clear duct. In the present study, correlations for the evolution starting time and average Nusselt number are proposed in terms of Reynolds number, Darcy number, and elapsed time. It is also seen that the porosity has a negligible effect on thermal performance, whereas the effect of Reynolds number is significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a detailed analysis of the factors influencing the evolution of rural settlements, including natural environmental constraints, infrastructure, regional cultural inheritance and integration, urbanization and rural industrial transformation, land use reformation and innovation, rural household behavior conversion, macro-control policy factors, and so on. Based on differences between the ways and degree of effect on rural settlement evolution, these factors are classified into basic factors, new-type factors and mutation factors. The drive of basic factors mainly focuses on the traditional inheritance of rural settlements, the new-type factors mainly affect rural settlement transition, and the mutation factors may bring about sudden changes. All these factors constitute a 'three-wheel' driving mechanism for the evolution of rural settlements, and shape three typical driver paths: slow smooth path under the basic factors, new path to rapid development under the new-type factors, and the sudden change path under the mutation factors. The paper also investigates the overall situation of rural settlement evolution in the aspects of settlement system, settlement scale, settlement morphology, settlement function, settlement culture, settlement environment, etc. The general process of rural settlement evolution is divided into four stages: initial, transitional, developmental, and mature stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]