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1. Thresholds for adding degraded tropical forest to the conservation estate

Author

Ewers, Robert M., Orme, C. David L., Pearse, William D., Zulkifli, Nursyamin, Yvon-Durocher, Genevieve, Yusah, Kalsum M., Yoh, Natalie, Yeo, Darren C. J., Wong, Anna, Williamson, Joseph, Wilkinson, Clare L., Wiederkehr, Fabienne, Webber, Bruce L., Wearn, Oliver R., Wai, Leona, Vollans, Maisie, Twining, Joshua P., Turner, Edgar C., Tobias, Joseph A., Thorley, Jack, Telford, Elizabeth M., Teh, Yit Arn, Tan, Heok Hui, Swinfield, Tom, Svátek, Martin, Struebig, Matthew, Stork, Nigel, Sleutel, Jani, Slade, Eleanor M., Sharp, Adam, Shabrani, Adi, Sethi, Sarab S., Seaman, Dave J. I., Sawang, Anati, Roxby, Gabrielle Briana, Rowcliffe, J. Marcus, Rossiter, Stephen J., Riutta, Terhi, Rahman, Homathevi, Qie, Lan, Psomas, Elizabeth, Prairie, Aaron, Poznansky, Frederica, Pillay, Rajeev, Picinali, Lorenzo, Pianzin, Annabel, Pfeifer, Marion, Parrett, Jonathan M., Noble, Ciar D., Nilus, Reuben, Mustaffa, Nazirah, Mullin, Katherine E., Mitchell, Simon, Mckinlay, Amelia R., Maunsell, Sarah, Matula, Radim, Massam, Michael, Martin, Stephanie, Malhi, Yadvinder, Majalap, Noreen, Maclean, Catherine S., Mackintosh, Emma, Luke, Sarah H., Lewis, Owen T., Layfield, Harry J., Lane-Shaw, Isolde, Kueh, Boon Hee, Kratina, Pavel, Konopik, Oliver, Kitching, Roger, Kinneen, Lois, Kemp, Victoria A., Jotan, Palasiah, Jones, Nick, Jebrail, Evyen W., Hroneš, Michal, Heon, Sui Peng, Hemprich-Bennett, David R., Haysom, Jessica K., Harianja, Martina F., Hardwick, Jane, Gregory, Nichar, Gray, Ryan, Gray, Ross E. J., Granville, Natasha, Gill, Richard, Fraser, Adam, Foster, William A., Folkard-Tapp, Hollie, Fletcher, Robert J., Fikri, Arman Hadi, Fayle, Tom M., Faruk, Aisyah, Eggleton, Paul, Edwards, David P., Drinkwater, Rosie, Dow, Rory A., Döbert, Timm F., Didham, Raphael K., Dickinson, Katharine J. M., Deere, Nicolas J., de Lorm, Tijmen, Dawood, Mahadimenakbar M., Davison, Charles W., Davies, Zoe G., Davies, Richard G., Dančák, Martin, Cusack, Jeremy, Clare, Elizabeth L., Chung, Arthur, Chey, Vun Khen, Chapman, Philip M., Cator, Lauren, Carpenter, Daniel, Carbone, Chris, Calloway, Kerry, Bush, Emma R., Burslem, David F. R. P., Brown, Keiron D., Brooks, Stephen J., Brasington, Ella, Brant, Hayley, Boyle, Michael J. W., Both, Sabine, Blackman, Joshua, Bishop, Tom R., Bicknell, Jake E., Bernard, Henry, Basrur, Saloni, Barclay, Maxwell V. L., Barclay, Holly, Atton, Georgina, Ancrenaz, Marc, Aldridge, David C., Daniel, Olivia Z., Reynolds, Glen, and Banks-Leite, Cristina

Published
2024
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8. The global abundance of tree palms

Author

Muscarella, Robert, Emilio, Thaise, Phillips, Oliver L, Lewis, Simon L, Slik, Ferry, Baker, William J, Couvreur, Thomas LP, Eiserhardt, Wolf L, Svenning, Jens‐Christian, Affum‐Baffoe, Kofi, Aiba, Shin‐Ichiro, Almeida, Everton C, Almeida, Samuel S, Oliveira, Edmar Almeida, Álvarez‐Dávila, Esteban, Alves, Luciana F, Alvez‐Valles, Carlos Mariano, Carvalho, Fabrício Alvim, Guarin, Fernando Alzate, Andrade, Ana, Aragão, Luis EOC, Murakami, Alejandro Araujo, Arroyo, Luzmila, Ashton, Peter S, Corredor, Gerardo A Aymard, Baker, Timothy R, Camargo, Plinio Barbosa, Barlow, Jos, Bastin, Jean‐François, Bengone, Natacha Nssi, Berenguer, Erika, Berry, Nicholas, Blanc, Lilian, Böhning‐Gaese, Katrin, Bonal, Damien, Bongers, Frans, Bradford, Matt, Brambach, Fabian, Brearley, Francis Q, Brewer, Steven W, Camargo, Jose LC, Campbell, David G, Castilho, Carolina V, Castro, Wendeson, Catchpole, Damien, Martínez, Carlos E Cerón, Chen, Shengbin, Chhang, Phourin, Cho, Percival, Chutipong, Wanlop, Clark, Connie, Collins, Murray, Comiskey, James A, Medina, Massiel Nataly Corrales, Costa, Flávia RC, Culmsee, Heike, David‐Higuita, Heriberto, Davidar, Priya, Aguila‐Pasquel, Jhon, Derroire, Géraldine, Di Fiore, Anthony, Van Do, Tran, Doucet, Jean‐Louis, Dourdain, Aurélie, Drake, Donald R, Ensslin, Andreas, Erwin, Terry, Ewango, Corneille EN, Ewers, Robert M, Fauset, Sophie, Feldpausch, Ted R, Ferreira, Joice, Ferreira, Leandro Valle, Fischer, Markus, Franklin, Janet, Fredriksson, Gabriella M, Gillespie, Thomas W, Gilpin, Martin, Gonmadje, Christelle, Gunatilleke, Arachchige Upali Nimal, Hakeem, Khalid Rehman, Hall, Jefferson S, Hamer, Keith C, Harris, David J, Harrison, Rhett D, Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Herault, Bruno, Pizango, Carlos Gabriel Hidalgo, Coronado, Eurídice N Honorio, Hubau, Wannes, Hussain, Mohammad Shah, Ibrahim, Faridah‐Hanum, Imai, Nobuo, Joly, Carlos A, Joseph, Shijo, Anitha, K, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kassi, Justin, and Killeen, Timothy J

Subjects
Life on Land, above-ground biomass, abundance patterns, Arecaceae, local abiotic conditions, Neotropics, pantropical biogeography, tropical rainforest, wood density, Ecology
Abstract

Aim: Palms are an iconic, diverse and often abundant component of tropical ecosystems that provide many ecosystem services. Being monocots, tree palms are evolutionarily, morphologically and physiologically distinct from other trees, and these differences have important consequences for ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage) and in terms of responses to climate change. We quantified global patterns of tree palm relative abundance to help improve understanding of tropical forests and reduce uncertainty about these ecosystems under climate change. Location: Tropical and subtropical moist forests. Time period: Current. Major taxa studied: Palms (Arecaceae). Methods: We assembled a pantropical dataset of 2,548 forest plots (covering 1,191 ha) and quantified tree palm (i.e., ≥10 cm diameter at breast height) abundance relative to co-occurring non-palm trees. We compared the relative abundance of tree palms across biogeographical realms and tested for associations with palaeoclimate stability, current climate, edaphic conditions and metrics of forest structure. Results: On average, the relative abundance of tree palms was more than five times larger between Neotropical locations and other biogeographical realms. Tree palms were absent in most locations outside the Neotropics but present in >80% of Neotropical locations. The relative abundance of tree palms was more strongly associated with local conditions (e.g., higher mean annual precipitation, lower soil fertility, shallower water table and lower plot mean wood density) than metrics of long-term climate stability. Life-form diversity also influenced the patterns; palm assemblages outside the Neotropics comprise many non-tree (e.g., climbing) palms. Finally, we show that tree palms can influence estimates of above-ground biomass, but the magnitude and direction of the effect require additional work. Conclusions: Tree palms are not only quintessentially tropical, but they are also overwhelmingly Neotropical. Future work to understand the contributions of tree palms to biomass estimates and carbon cycling will be particularly crucial in Neotropical forests.

Published
2020

9. Functional susceptibility of tropical forests to climate change

Author

Aguirre‐Gutiérrez, Jesús, Berenguer, Erika, Oliveras Menor, Imma, Bauman, David, Corral-Rivas, Jose Javier, Nava-Miranda, Maria Guadalupe, Both, Sabine, Ndong, Josué Edzang, Ondo, Fidèle Evouna, Bengone, Natacha N’ssi, Mihinhou, Vianet, Dalling, James W., Heineman, Katherine, Figueiredo, Axa, González-M, Roy, Norden, Natalia, Hurtado-M, Ana Belén, González, Diego, Salgado-Negret, Beatriz, Reis, Simone Matias, Moraes de Seixas, Marina Maria, Farfan-Rios, William, Shenkin, Alexander, Riutta, Terhi, Girardin, Cécile A. J., Moore, Sam, Abernethy, Kate, Asner, Gregory P., Bentley, Lisa Patrick, Burslem, David F.R.P., Cernusak, Lucas A., Enquist, Brian J., Ewers, Robert M., Ferreira, Joice, Jeffery, Kathryn J., Joly, Carlos A., Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, Martin, Roberta E., Morandi, Paulo S., Phillips, Oliver L., Bennett, Amy C., Lewis, Simon L., Quesada, Carlos A., Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes, Kissling, W. Daniel, Silman, Miles, Teh, Yit Arn, White, Lee J. T., Salinas, Norma, Coomes, David A., Barlow, Jos, Adu-Bredu, Stephen, and Malhi, Yadvinder

Published
2022
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14. A regional model for estimating the aboveground carbon density of Borneo's tropical forests from airborne laser scanning

Author

Jucker, Tommaso, Asner, Gregory P., Dalponte, Michele, Brodrick, Philip, Philipson, Christopher D., Vaughn, Nick, Brelsford, Craig, Burslem, David F. R. P., Deere, Nicholas J., Ewers, Robert M., Kvasnica, Jakub, Lewis, Simon L., Malhi, Yadvinder, Milne, Sol, Nilus, Reuben, Pfeifer, Marion, Phillips, Oliver, Qie, Lan, Renneboog, Nathan, Reynolds, Glen, Riutta, Terhi, Struebig, Matthew J., Svátek, Martin, Teh, Yit Arn, Turner, Edgar C., and Coomes, David A.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods
Abstract

Borneo contains some of the world's most biodiverse and carbon dense tropical forest, but this 750,000-km2 island has lost 62% of its old-growth forests within the last 40 years. Efforts to protect and restore the remaining forests of Borneo hinge on recognising the ecosystem services they provide, including their ability to store and sequester carbon. Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) is a remote sensing technology that allows forest structural properties to be captured in great detail across vast geographic areas. In recent years ALS has been integrated into state-wide assessment of forest carbon in Neotropical and African regions, but not yet in Asia. For this to happen new regional models need to be developed for estimating carbon stocks from ALS in tropical Asia, as the forests of this region are structurally and compositionally distinct from those found elsewhere in the tropics. By combining ALS imagery with data from 173 permanent forest plots spanning the lowland rain forests of Sabah, on the island of Borneo, we develop a simple-yet-general model for estimating forest carbon stocks using ALS-derived canopy height and canopy cover as input metrics. An advanced feature of this new model is the propagation of uncertainty in both ALS- and ground-based data, allowing uncertainty in hectare-scale estimates of carbon stocks to be quantified robustly. We show that the model effectively captures variation in aboveground carbons stocks across extreme disturbance gradients spanning tall dipterocarp forests and heavily logged regions, and clearly outperforms existing ALS-based models calibrated for the tropics, as well as currently available satellite-derived products. Our model provides a simple, generalised and effective approach for mapping forest carbon stocks in Borneo, providing a key tool to support the protection and restoration of its tropical forests.

Published
2017

17. Pantropical modelling of canopy functional traits using Sentinel-2 remote sensing data

Author

Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Jesús, Rifai, Sami, Shenkin, Alexander, Oliveras, Imma, Bentley, Lisa Patrick, Svátek, Martin, Girardin, Cécile A.J., Both, Sabine, Riutta, Terhi, Berenguer, Erika, Kissling, W. Daniel, Bauman, David, Raab, Nicolas, Moore, Sam, Farfan-Rios, William, Figueiredo, Axa Emanuelle Simões, Reis, Simone Matias, Ndong, Josué Edzang, Ondo, Fidèle Evouna, N'ssi Bengone, Natacha, Mihindou, Vianet, Moraes de Seixas, Marina Maria, Adu-Bredu, Stephen, Abernethy, Katharine, Asner, Gregory P., Barlow, Jos, Burslem, David F.R.P., Coomes, David A., Cernusak, Lucas A., Dargie, Greta C., Enquist, Brian J., Ewers, Robert M., Ferreira, Joice, Jeffery, Kathryn J., Joly, Carlos A., Lewis, Simon L., Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, Martin, Roberta E., Morandi, Paulo S., Phillips, Oliver L., Quesada, Carlos A., Salinas, Norma, Schwantes Marimon, Beatriz, Silman, Miles, Teh, Yit Arn, White, Lee J.T., and Malhi, Yadvinder

Published
2021
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18. Habitat suitability as an indicator of urbanisation potential in four UK mammals.

Author

Fung, Uva Yu Yan, Carbone, Chris, Scott‐Gatty, Kate, Freeman, Robin, Ewers, Robert M., and Turner, Jessica

Subjects
WILDLIFE conservation, OLD World badger, URBAN animals, HABITATS, RED fox, SQUIRRELS, FOXES, PUBLIC spaces
Abstract

Urban environments provide opportunities for some species but are inhospitable for others. However, those which thrive can be found at higher densities in human‐dominated landscapes than in more rural habitats. This highlights the importance of understanding species responses to human environments. It is not only important for the conservation of urban wildlife but also may provide fundamental insights into human‐wildlife coexistence globally.Here, we use citizen science data to predict the habitat suitability of Greater London for the West European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus), the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), the European badger (Meles meles) and the Eastern grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis).Results indicate that the four target species prefer different urban habitats, indicating different levels of urbanisation potential. Foxes and grey squirrels are able to thrive in inner urban areas, with the highest values of habitat suitability for these species found in central London, whereas for hedgehogs and badgers, the highest habitat suitability occurs in suburban and more rural habitats in outer London, respectively.These results highlight a gradient in urban tolerance, from squirrels and foxes to hedgehogs and badgers. This work also shows the importance of urban green spaces as habitats for wildlife. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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19. Resilience of tropical invertebrate community assembly processes to a gradient of land use intensity

Author

Granville, Natasha R., primary, Barclay, Maxwell V. L., additional, Boyle, Michael J. W., additional, Chung, Arthur Y. C., additional, Fayle, Tom M., additional, Hah, Huai En, additional, Hardwick, Jane L., additional, Kinneen, Lois, additional, Kitching, Roger L., additional, Maunsell, Sarah C., additional, Miller, Jeremy A., additional, Sharp, Adam C., additional, Stork, Nigel E., additional, Wai, Leona, additional, Yusah, Kalsum M., additional, and Ewers, Robert M., additional

Published
2023
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21. Global impacts of energy demand on the freshwater resources of nations

Author

Holland, Robert Alan, Scott, Kate A, Flörke, Martina, Brown, Gareth, Ewers, Robert M, Farmer, Elizabeth, Kapos, Valerie, Muggeridge, Ann, Scharlemann, Jörn PW, Taylor, Gail, Barrett, John, and Eigenbrod, Felix

Subjects
Clean Water and Sanitation, Affordable and Clean Energy, Conservation of Energy Resources, Conservation of Natural Resources, Environment, Fresh Water, Geography, Greenhouse Effect, Industry, Petroleum, Public Policy, Rivers, Water Supply, energy, freshwater, nexus, MRIO, sustainability
Abstract

The growing geographic disconnect between consumption of goods, the extraction and processing of resources, and the environmental impacts associated with production activities makes it crucial to factor global trade into sustainability assessments. Using an empirically validated environmentally extended global trade model, we examine the relationship between two key resources underpinning economies and human well--being-energy and freshwater. A comparison of three energy sectors (petroleum, gas, and electricity) reveals that freshwater consumption associated with gas and electricity production is largely confined within the territorial boundaries where demand originates. This finding contrasts with petroleum, which exhibits a varying ratio of territorial to international freshwater consumption, depending on the origin of demand. For example, although the United States and China have similar demand associated with the petroleum sector, international freshwater consumption is three times higher for the former than the latter. Based on mapping patterns of freshwater consumption associated with energy sectors at subnational scales, our analysis also reveals concordance between pressure on freshwater resources associated with energy production and freshwater scarcity in a number of river basins globally. These energy-driven pressures on freshwater resources in areas distant from the origin of energy demand complicate the design of policy to ensure security of fresh water and energy supply. Although much of the debate around energy is focused on greenhouse gas emissions, our findings highlight the need to consider the full range of consequences of energy production when designing policy.

Published
2015

23. Resilience of tropical invertebrate community assembly processes to a gradient of land use intensity.

Author

Granville, Natasha R., Barclay, Maxwell V. L., Boyle, Michael J. W., Chung, Arthur Y. C., Fayle, Tom M., Hah, Huai En, Hardwick, Jane L., Kinneen, Lois, Kitching, Roger L., Maunsell, Sarah C., Miller, Jeremy A., Sharp, Adam C., Stork, Nigel E., Wai, Leona, Yusah, Kalsum M., and Ewers, Robert M.

Abstract

Understanding how community assembly processes drive biodiversity patterns is a central goal of community ecology. While it is generally accepted that ecological communities are assembled by both stochastic and deterministic processes, quantifying their relative importance remains challenging. Few studies have investigated how the relative importance of stochastic and deterministic community assembly processes vary among taxa and along gradients of habitat degradation. Using data on 1645 arthropod species across seven taxonomic groups in Malaysian Borneo, we quantified the importance of ecological stochasticity and of a suite of community assembly processes across a gradient of logging intensity. The relationship between logging and community assembly varied depending on the specific combination of taxa and stochasticity metric used, but, in general, the processes that govern invertebrate community assembly were remarkably robust to changes in land use intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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32. Tropical invertebrate community assembly processes are robust to a gradient of land use intensity

Author

Granville, Natasha R., primary, Barclay, Maxwell V. L., additional, Boyle, Michael J. W., additional, Chung, Arthur Y. C., additional, Fayle, Tom M., additional, Hah, Huai En, additional, Hardwick, Jane L., additional, Kinneen, Lois, additional, Kitching, Roger L., additional, Maunsell, Sarah C., additional, Miller, Jeremy A., additional, Sharp, Adam C., additional, Stork, Nigel E., additional, Wai, Leona, additional, Yusah, Kalsum M., additional, and Ewers, Robert M., additional

Published
2023
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33. Tropical forests post-logging are a persistent net carbon source to the atmosphere

Author

Mills, Maria B., primary, Malhi, Yadvinder, additional, Ewers, Robert M., additional, Kho, Lip Khoon, additional, Teh, Yit Arn, additional, Both, Sabine, additional, Burslem, David F. R. P., additional, Majalap, Noreen, additional, Nilus, Reuben, additional, Huaraca Huasco, Walter, additional, Cruz, Rudi, additional, Pillco, Milenka M., additional, Turner, Edgar C., additional, Reynolds, Glen, additional, and Riutta, Terhi, additional

Published
2023
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42. Logging alters tropical forest structure, while conversion reduces biodiversity and functioning

Author

Marsh, Charles J., primary, Turner, Edgar C., additional, Blonder, Benjamin, additional, Bongalov, Boris, additional, Both, Sabine, additional, Cruz, Rudi S., additional, Elias, Dafydd M. O., additional, Hemprich-Bennett, David, additional, Jotan, Palasiah, additional, Kemp, Victoria, additional, Kritzler, Ully H., additional, Milne, Sol, additional, Milodowski, David T., additional, Mitchell, Simon L., additional, Pillco, Milenka Montoya, additional, Nunes, Matheus Henrique, additional, Riutta, Terhi, additional, Robinson, Samuel J. B., additional, Slade, Eleanor M., additional, Bernard, Henry, additional, Burslem, David F. R. P., additional, Chung, Arthur Y. C., additional, Clare, Elizabeth L., additional, Coomes, David A., additional, Davies, Zoe G., additional, Edwards, David P., additional, Johnson, David, additional, Kratina, Pavel, additional, Malhi, Yadvinder, additional, Majalap, Noreen, additional, Nilus, Reuben, additional, Ostle, Nicholas J., additional, Rossiter, Stephen J., additional, Struebig, Matthew J., additional, Williams, Mathew, additional, Ewers, Robert M., additional, Lewis, Owen T., additional, Reynolds, Glen, additional, Teh, Yit Arn, additional, and Hector, Andy, additional

Published
2022
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50. Riparian buffers can help mitigate biodiversity declines in oil palm agriculture

Author

Deere, Nicolas J, primary, Bicknell, Jake E, additional, Mitchell, Simon L, additional, Afendy, Aqilah, additional, Baking, Esther L, additional, Bernard, Henry, additional, Chung, Arthur YC, additional, Ewers, Robert M, additional, Heroin, Herry, additional, Joseph, Nellcy, additional, Lewis, Owen T, additional, Luke, Sarah H, additional, Milne, Sol, additional, Fikri, Arman Hadi, additional, Parrett, Jonathan M, additional, Payne, Melissa, additional, Rossiter, Stephen J, additional, Vairappan, Charles S, additional, Vian, Chaw Vi, additional, Wilkinson, Clare L, additional, Williamson, Joseph, additional, Wong, Andrew BH, additional, Slade, Eleanor M, additional, Davies, Zoe G, additional, and Struebig, Matthew J, additional

Published
2022
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