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Purpose - to establish the degree of effectiveness of the personal approach to the technical readiness of table tennis athletes. Material and methods. Students of a sports college took part in the study, namely eight players of different playing style, gender and sports category. The study was carried out for two years (2020-2021) and took place on the basis of the Kherson professional sports college. To assess the personality traits of tennis players, G. Eysenck's methodology for determining the type of temperament, T. Ehlers' method “Motivation for success” and Ch.D. Spielberger's "Personal Anxiety Self-Assessment Scale". The level of technical readiness of tennis players was determined by special control tests to assess the number of hits. Results: among tennis players, 62.5% of extroverts were found. One phlegmatic person was identified by the type of temperament, 25% -melancholic and 62.5% - choleric tennis players. The majority of tennis players (87.5%) showed an average level of motivation for success. 50% of tennis players had a high level of personal anxiety, 37.5% had an average level, and only one (12.5%) had a low level of this sign. In the mesocycle for extroverts, a special "Robot" simulator for table tennis was widely used. In the training mesocycle for introverts, the BCM exercise (work with a large number of balls) was applied. All table tennis athletes showed an improvement in the results of technical readiness for all tests in relation to the program norm. The organization and construction of training sessions taking into account the personal approach to the technical readiness of table tennis athletes led to the fact that the highest increase in results was shown by tennis players of different types of temperament. Conclusions: when organizing sports training, a coach should also take into account the personality traits of an athlete, since a tennis player can have effective technical readiness, but not always be able to realize it in training and competitive activities. This is evidenced by the statistically significant relationship between technical readiness and personal anxiety (0.920), as well as between the motivation for success and the temperament (0.752) of table tennis athletes.&nbsp, Мета - встановити ступінь ефективності особистісного підходу до технічної підготовки спортсменів з настільного тенісу. Матеріал і методи. У процесі дослідження брали участь вихованці спортивного коледжу, а саме: вісім гравців різного стилю гри, статі та спортивного розряду. Дослідження тривало протягом двох років (2020-2021) і проводилося на базі Херсонського фахового спортивного коледжу. Для оцінки властивостей особистості тенісистів була обрана методика Г. Айзенка щодо визначення типу темпераменту, методика Т. Елерса «Мотивація до успіху» та методика Ч.Д. Спілбергера «Шкала самооцінки особистісної тривожності». Рівень технічної підготовленості тенісистів визначався спеціальними контрольними тестами щодо оцінки кількості влучень. Результати: серед тенісистів було виявлено 62,5% екстравертів. За типом темпераменту визначено одного флегматика, 25% – меланхоліків та 62,5% – тенісистів-холериків. У більшості тенісистів (87,5%) був виявлений середній рівень мотивації до успіху. У 50% тенісистів був виявлений високий рівень особистісної тривожності, 37,5% мали середній рівень і лише у одного (12,5%) – низький рівень цієї ознаки. У мезоциклі для екстравертів широко застосовувався спеціальний тренажер «Робот» для настільного тенісу. У тренувальному мезоциклу для інтровертів була застосована вправа ВКМ (робота з великою кількістю м’ячів). У всіх спортсменів з настільного тенісу виявлено покращення результатів технічної підготовленості за всіма тестами по відношенню до програмної норми. Організація та побудова тренувальних занять з урахуванням особистісного підходу до технічної підготовленості спортсменів з настільного тенісу сприяли тому, що найвищий приріст результатів показали тенісистки різного типу темпераменту. Висновки: тренер повинен при побудові спортивного тренування враховувати також і властивості особистості спортсмена, так як тенісист може мати ефективну технічну підготовленість, але не завжди зможе її реалізувати у тренувальній та змагальній діяльності. Про це свідчить статистично значущий зв'язок між технічною підготовленістю та особистісною тривожністю (0,920), а також між мотивацію до успіху і темпераментом (0,752) спортсменів з настільного тенісу.

Infectious diseases are responsible for an immense global burden of disease that impacts public health systems and economies worldwide. The rapid increase in the use of protective items has introduced an urge for their reuse and safe dumping to minimize the threat of disease transmission through cross-contamination. The existing disinfection processes are mostly powered with non-renewable energy sources and focus on single disinfecting technology that limits their installation to in-house applications and reduces the degree of disinfection, respectively. Thus there is a need to develop new strategies and innovations powered by renewable energy sources that enhance the degree of disinfection of daily-use objects and curtail the spread of the infection through cross-contamination. The present study reports a smart automatic technology called “REACTIV-FIT”. The technology is developed as an exercise bike with a disinfection chamber that efficiently kills viruses, bacteria, and other germs/pathogens. The current developed technology is equipped with three disinfecting protocols in one system. The system is powered by renewable solar energy and utilizes the mechanical energy during exercise into electrical energy using a generator-based mechanism. The portable smart automatic disinfection box embedded in the bike utilizes the synergetic effect of ultraviolet (UV), thermal, and vapor treatment for sterilizing objects. During vapor treatment, the continuous supply of the sterilizing solution is maintained through a storage tank attached to the outer body of the box and can be easily refilled. In the final step of the disinfecting protocol, the objects are exposed to UV-A light having a peak wavelength of 365–370 nm. The automatic disinfection process is powered by renewable solar and mechanical energy during cycling. The developed technology can be installed in schools, offices, and industries, and its renewable energy-powered feature offers installation in parks, tourist places, streets, remote areas, etc. This work was supported by the RRC-2-063-133 grant from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation).

Background Power assisted exercise is accessible and acceptable for people with stroke. The potential for technological advancement of the equipment to improve the user experience has been identified. Involvement of end users and service providers in the design of health technologies is essential in determining how said technology is perceived and adopted. This project invited people with stroke and service providers to influence design features and determine machine selection in the preliminary stages of a codesign research programme. Aims To capture the perspectives of people with stroke and professionals working with people with stroke about proposed digitalisation of power assisted exercise equipment and select machines for prototype development. Methods Nominal group technique was used to capture the perspectives, ideas, preferences and priorities of three stakeholder groups: people with stroke (n = 3, mean age 66 years), rehabilitation professionals (n = 3) and exercise scientists (n = 3). Two questions underpinned the structure of the events; ‘What does an assistive exercise machine need to do to allow the person with stroke to engage in exercise?’ and ‘Which machines would you prioritise for use with People with Stroke?’ Attendees were invited to cast votes to indicate their preferred machines. Findings Synthesis of the data from the NGT identified four domains; software and interface, exercise programme, machine and accessories, setting and service. Three preferred machines from a range of nine were identified through vote counting. Conclusion Nominal group technique directed the selection of machines to be included in the development of the proposed technology. The vision shared by users during the structured discussion shaped the subsequent steps in the design and testing of the new technology. Patient and service provider contribution The opinions and preferences of people with stroke, rehabilitation professionals and exercise scientists were central to key decisions which will shape the digitalisation of power assisted equipment, influence future research and guide implementation of the new technologies., Plain English Summary Seated power assisted exercise machines assist different combinations of movement and can help people with stroke to take part in exercise programmes. Nine seated machines are manufactured in the UK. It was identified that the machines could be improved through development of technology to detect and display the user’s physical effort during exercise. The research team successfully applied for funding to design and develop a new programme to display and measure user effort whilst exercising on the equipment. At the outset of the project the research team needed to make decisions about the capabilities of the new technology and select three machines from the range of nine to be prototyped. We used a method called nominal group technique during which end users with stroke, rehabilitation and exercise professionals were invited to structured meetings to share their ideas. At the end of the meetings the groups voted on their preferred machines. The ideas expressed during the meetings were listed and guided the ongoing development of the technology. The importance of a user-friendly interface was emphasised. The three machines which were allocated the most votes across the user groups were selected to be redesigned and developed with the new technology. The involvement of users at the outset of the design project ensured that they directly influenced the selection of machines and features of the new technology. Nominal group technique was an effective way of ensuring that all attendees had the opportunity to share their ideas and perspectives.

Resistance training is a popular form of exercise owing to its health-related and athletic performance benefits. Robotic exercise machines using human-robot interaction are a promising solution for designing resistance training programs that successfully achieve training gains. We propose a robotic biceps exercise machine that generates a variable resistance force profile and controls the interaction force corresponding to the profile through a range of motion of exercises. A series elastic actuator measures and controls the resistance force. A novel cascade control structure comprising an inner velocity and outer force control is presented. The inner loop disturbance on the dynamics and outer loop disturbance on the kinematics are eliminated by a disturbance observer (DOB) in each loop. The performance of the proposed force control scheme is validated by comparisons with the conventional DOB and proportional-integral (PI) control schemes. Additionally, the resistance force profile and interaction force of a conventional robotic biceps exercise machine are analyzed experimentally.

In this paper, a multiobjective extremum-seeking (MOES) approach is proposed for torque control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor and minimization of its torque ripple. The latter aspect is important in human–machine interface applications such as haptic interfaces requiring smooth torque profiles at slow speeds. The proposed MOES scheme combines an adaptive iterative learning control method with an adaptive proportional-integral (PI) controller, which makes the system less sensitive to load disturbances and improves the control performance for torque regulation during transient events. Experiments are performed on a proof-of-concept exercise machine that generates desired torque profiles and mechanical impedance based on user's preference. The performance of the proposed controller is further compared with a recently proposed adaptive PI controller. The experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed controller in terms of torque ripple suppression, steady-state and transient performance, and load disturbance rejection.

Low back pain, a painful condition that affects the lower portion of human spine, generally appears due to muscle injury, strain, or sprain. The reasons for lower back pain are inappropriate lifting of weight, bad posture, fractured disc, or disc rupture. Doctors advise several exercises depending upon the patient condition. A variety of machines are available in the market to perform these exercises. In the present work, a new design of a Multivariant Exercise Machine (MEM), suited for patients suffering from chronic low back pain, and equipped with six different features, in manual and electric mode is presented. Patients with low back pain can do calf muscle strengthening, neck muscle stretching, lower back muscle strengthening, foot muscle strengthening, cycling, and heating (or cooling) practices on a single machine. The conceptualized design of MEM was prepared after analyzing the major causes of spine complications and their consequent remedies.

BACKGROUND: Today, fun has become one of the most important factors in choosing and adhering to physical exercise. Interactive video games (IVG), as a kind of video game with physical sensation, provide new ideas to explore the effects of different exercise modalities on physical fitness.OBJECTIVE: To examine four weeks IVGs training effects on the lower-extremity muscle strength for healthy college students as well as investigating if IVGs can be used as a new alternative and validate approach on the muscle strength training for all.METHODS: Switch (Nintendo, Japan) was used as an interactive video game device and the game "Ring Fit Adventure" was used as the exercise content. Nine physically fit college students (mean age: 19.44 ± 0.53 years, height: 166.34 ± 10.05 cm, weight: 54.52 ± 7.67 kg) were selected and randomly divided into three groups: group 1: lower limb exercise only using the switch fitness ring (G1); group 2: total body exercise using the switch fitness ring (G2); group 3 (G3): Pilates ring for Lower limb exercise (no physical game experience sense) for the experiment, before and after the experiment were carried out longitudinal jumping cmj and hanging piece thigh squat exercise machine 1RM of lower limb strength test. Paired-samples t-test was used to analyze the differences in longitudinal jump height, power, and leg strength 1RM between the groups before and after the intervention; one-way ANOVA was used to test whether there were group differences in training effects.RESULTS: Interactive video games training affected lower limb strength quality, and there were significant differences in vertical jump height (p=0.001 0.05), power (F=0.119, p=0.890>0.05), and leg strength 1RM (F=2.548, p=0.158>0.05) were not significantly different.CONCLUSION: Full-body or lower extremity Interactive video games training can significantly improve lower extremity strength quality; in the same context, lower extremity training using real Interactive video games fitness rings and Pilates rings without Interactive video games experience can achieve similar training effects. Interactive video games can provide new options for physical exercise for the general public.

Träning och fysisk aktivitet har kommit att bli alltmer av en lärdom i en nutid och framtid som präglas av en allt mindre aktiv livsstil. Opinionen i rapporterade undersökningar och statistik visarpå en tydlig och permanent övergång till en mer flexibel och digital arbetsplats med mindre avsatt kontorstid i veckan. En lösning till problemet är användningen av en multifunktionell träningsmaskin för hemmabruk med möjlighet till träning som kan motsvara ett fulländat helkroppspass. En tydlig majoritet av studier och branschexperter hävdar att marknaden för hemmagym och träningsredskap för hemmabruk kommer att växa. Samtidigt är utbudet av träningsmaskiner påmarknaden för hemmabruk som möjliggör basövningar knapphändig. Projektets mål är att utveckla och konstruera en träningsmaskin som möjliggör effektiv belastande helkroppsträning. Produktutvecklingsprocessen utgörs av ett antal aktiviteter som utförs för att förstå, konstruera och marknadsföra produkter. Den tillämpade produktutvecklingsmetoden utgår från en hybrid av den allmänna produktutvecklingsprocessen enligt Ulrich och Eppinger samt projektmodellen somanvänds vid KTH Södertälje. Träningsmaskinen konstrueras med utgångspunkt i en kombination av ett så kallat power rack, en kubisk ram av stålbalkar som används vid skivstångsövningar, och en kabelmaskin tillämpad för att genomföra de sex vanligaste basövningarna för att uppnå en fullständig helkroppsträning. Ett antal befintliga lösningar på marknaden i kombination med en nyskapande talja implementeras föratt optimera och effektivisera såväl träningen som hemmabruk. Träningsmaskinen lämpar sig som såväl ett substitut som komplement till fria vikter samtidigt som stabiliteten och användarvänligheten förekommande hos kommersiella träningsmaskiner tas tillvara. Slutligen presenteras träningsmaskinen som en prototyp vars avsikt är att påvisa genomförbarheten med denna typ av utformning av träningsmaskin. Exercise and physical activity have become more of an achieved knowledge in a present and future that is characterized by an increasingly less active lifestyle. The reported trend in surveys shows adistinct and permanent transition to a more flexible and digital workplace with less weekly office hours. One solution to the problem is the use of a multifunctional exercise machine for home use with the possibility of exercise that correspond to a full body workout. A clear majority of studies and experts claim that the market for home gyms and equipment will continue to grow. At the same time, the availability of multifunctional exercise machines on the market for home usage that utilizes compound exercises is scarce. The goal of the project is to develop and design an exercise machine that enables effective whole bodytraining. The product development process consists of several activities that are performed to understand, design and market products. The applied product development method is based on a hybrid of the general product development process according to Ulrich and Eppinger and the project course model used at KTH Södertälje. The exercise machine is designed based on a combination of a power rack, a cubical cage made of steel beams that is used for barbell exercises, and cable machine applied to perform the six most common basic exercises to achieve a complete full body workout. Several existing solutions onthe market in combination with an innovative hoist are implemented to optimize and streamline both training and home use. The exercise machine is suitable as both a substitute and a complement to free weights, while at the same time taking advantage of the stability and user-friendliness of commercial exercise machines. Finally, the exercise machine is presented as a prototype whose intention is to demonstrate the feasibility of this type of exercise machine design.

Розглядаються питання з проведення занять з фізичного виховання у студентів спеціального навчального відділення з позиції інноваційного підходу. Визначено поняття інноваційного навчання, його вплив на процес навчальної діяльності студенської молоді з порушеннями опорно-рухового апарату. Аналізуються актуальні проблеми пошуку нових форм, а також засобів організації навчальних занять у студентської молоді, які мають відхилення у здоров’ї, в тому числі захворювання опорно-рухового апарату. Визначено особливості підбору засобів профілактики та оздоровлення студентів. Пропонується методика корекції різних видів порушень опорно-рухового апарату на тренажерах. Також запропоновано використання засобів аква-аеробіки, як ефективного методу корекції, профілактики та оздоровлення студентів з порушеннями опорно-рухового апарату. Визначено спрямованість занять аква-аеробікою на формування м’язового корсету. Досліджуються особливості впровадження інноваційних пропозицій в організації занять з фізичної культури зі студентами, які мають порушення опорно-рухового апарату. The article considers the issues of conducting physical education classes for students of a special educational department from the standpoint of an innovative approach. The concept of innovative teaching is defined, its influence on the process of educational activity of students with musculoskeletal disorders. The current problems of searching for new forms, as well as means of organizing training sessions for students with deviations in health, including diseases of the musculoskeletal system, are analyzed. The features of selection of means of prevention and health improvement of students are determined. It has been identified that finding ways to maintain health, use new developments and innovations becomes a necessity, and the development and implementation of innovations is a necessary condition for the renewal of the education system, as well as a factor influencing the quality of education. A technique for correcting various types of disorders of the musculoskeletal system using simulators is proposed. It is also proposed to use the means of aqua aerobics as an effective method of correction, prevention and health improvement of students with disorders of the musculoskeletal system. According to the diseases of the musculoskeletal system, training sessions should be designed on a combination of different types of exercises for certain muscle groups. It is determined that one of the most effective and useful classes with students with musculoskeletal disorders is classes in the water. The orientation of aqua aerobics classes on the formation of a muscle corset was determined. The peculiarities of the introduction of innovative proposals in the organization of physical culture classes with students with musculoskeletal system disorders are investigated. Рассматриваются вопросы по проведению занятий по физическому воспитанию студентов специального учебного отделения с позиции инновационного подхода. Определено понятие инновационного об учения, его влияние на процесс учебной деятельности студенческой молодежи с нарушениями опорно-двигательного аппарата. Анализируются актуальные проблемы поиска новых форм, а также средств организации учебных занятий студенческой молодежи, имеющих отклонения в здоровье, в том числе заболевания опорно-двигательного аппарата. Определены особенности подбора средств профилактики и оздоровления студентов. Предлагается методика коррекции различных видов нарушений опорно-двигательного аппарата на тренажерах. Также предложено использование средств аква-аэробики, как эффективного метода коррекции, профилактики и оздоровления студентов с нарушениями опорно-двигательного аппарата. Определена направленность занятий аква-аэробикой на формирование мышечного корсета. Исследуются особенности внедрения инновационных предложений в организации занятий по физической культуре со студентами, имеющими нарушения опорно-двигательного аппарата.

A la luz de la importancia de la actividad física regular como un elemento clave en la prevención de muchas enfermedades, se reportan a continuación los resultados del estudio realizado con un aparato para ejercitarse en la casa. 22 estudiantes universitarios jóvenes, aparentemente saludables, participaron en el estudio. Se midió el efecto agudo de 10 minutos de ejercicio con el dispositivo sobre la frecuencia cardíaca, el costo energético y la circulación periférica en las piernas. Se contrastan los resultados obtenidos con las afirmaciones que se hacen en distintas versiones de publicidad del aparato en cuestión. No se obtuvieron efectos fisiológicos agudos significativos de la utilización del dispositivo durante 10 minutos continuos: la frecuencia cardíaca aumentó apenas 8 latidos por minuto con respecto al reposo y la temperatura cutánea no varió o más bien disminuyó. El costo energético no fue significativamente mayor mientras se usaba el dispositivo en comparación con la condición de reposo. Estos resultados sugieren que aquellas personas que utilicen este dispositivo en sustitución de la actividad física regular estarán sacrificando beneficios importantes para su salud. Palabras clave: gasto energético, máquina de ejercicio, hogar, actividad física. The importance of doing regular physical activity (exercise) as a key element in the prevention of several diseases is well known. The following experiment was performed to evaluate the acute physiological effects of a home-exercise machine on 22 young, apparently healthy, university students. While the individuals exercised in the machine for ten (10) minutes, measures of heart rate, energy expenditure and peripheral circulation to the legs were taken and recorded. The results were contrasted against the claims made in different ads promoting the selected apparatus. There were no significant acute physiological effects resulting from the utilization of the machine during a 10-minute period. Heart rate increased only 8 beats per minute (bpm) from baseline and the temperature measured on the legs showed no variation or was even reduced. Energy expenditure was not significantly higher while using the device in comparison with the resting condition. These results suggest that consumers using this home-exercise equipment as a substitute of performing regular physical activity will be sacrificing important health benefits. Keywords: energy expenditure, exercise machine, home, physical activity Universidad de Costa Rica/[838-B6-766]/UCR/Costa Rica UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano (CIMOHU)

This study was to provide independent exercise loads in rowing exercise machine, on the improvement of muscle strength imbalance. We recruited twenty four subjects who exhibited one side's muscle strength is bigger in more of greater than 20% than other on one side. One group was dominant left side and the other group was dominant right side. Subjects performed the rowing exercise in electric load deviation rowing machine (Robo.gym, Humonic Co., Ltd, Daegu, Korea). The exercise was progressed to four sets a day including twenty five repetitions per set, and three days a week, for a total of eight weeks. Measurements consist of evaluation of muscular activity, joint torque in the elbow, shoulder. Exercise load deviation adapted that difference value of muscle strength between left and right side arms multiply 1RM% and its plus 1-RM 75% in each side. The result showed that the level of muscle imbalance significantly decreased in shoulder and elbow joint by adapting exercise load deviation. We found out that exercise load deviation provided to the positive effect both muscle strength and endurance at the same time. As a result of this study, rowing exercise using the exercise load deviation is effective in improving muscle strength imbalance.

High stress level in the mechanisms responsible for adaptation to physical work affects the human immune system. Therefore, the effectiveness of countermeasures of reduced physical activity was studied using some parameters of the immune system. Our purpose was to examine how different types of exercises can modify physical performance and immune function in six subjects volunteered for Mars-500 simulation study. During the study, the resistance and cyclic training alternated over the period of about two months. According to the design, training was interrupted twice by an interval of approximately one month. The training plan was developed so that the initial and final stages of isolation could not impair the effectiveness of training. The cyclic training included running on the motorized and non-motorized treadmill and bicycling. Resistance exercises were performed using the MDS multifunctional exercise machine, expanders, and the Galileo 2000 vibration plate. Physical performance was assessed by the criteria of maximal voluntary effort, incremental locomotion, and bicycle exercise tests. Analysis of the quantitative and functional properties of effector cells of both innate and adaptive immunity was employed to investigate the immune status of subjects. Due to the plan of physical training, the level of physical performance in isolation was better than during the baseline data collection, although the intervals caused a considerable decrease in performance. Comparison of immunograms with the baseline ones showed positive changes: the number of naive CD4 +Т-cells (CD4 + CD45RA +) increased significantly. The functional activity of adaptive immunity did not reduce during isolation; on the contrary, the ability of T cells to express the early activation marker CD69 + on the surface was increased. The immune status parameters assessed in the subjects in the second half of the isolation period indicate that the proposed physical loads were adequate. In addition to retention of the baseline level of, or improvement in, physical performance, positive activation of the T component of adaptive immunity was observed.

To establish evidence-based therapy for motor rehabilitation of the upper limbs, we developed a desktop simple exercise machine for upper limbs (D-SEMUL) as a low-cost and high-quality rehabilitation robot. However, the psychological effects of the visual feedback (VF) after the training have not yet been assessed. We investigated the relationship between brain activations and VFs after training in this study. For this purpose, we developed a maze program for the D-SEMUL. Here, the function of the target score (visualized target) was measured as a motivating intervention. We recruited 10 subjects each for a control and an experimental group. Electroencephalogram (EEG) readings from the participants, while they were exposed to the VF after the training, were measured and analyzed to check for the presence of significant differences between two different VFs. Although the results demonstrated no significant differences in the scores among the two groups, the frontal regions of the brain demonstrated a significantly greater degree of activation for VF with target value than without it.

Al-Mabsili dates are harvested before fully ripen stage and stripped manually. This study aimed to develop a stripper machine for Al-Mabsili dates using different power sources (motor, exercise machine, bicycle) and to compare performances with traditional method. With different power source options, operator’s physiological and anthropometric parameters were increased and stabilized after stripping 5 bunches. The calories burnt, energy expenditure were highest in traditional method (2.3 kcal/kg, 14 kJ/kg) while energy expenditure rates were higher in exercise machine and bicycle (24.3 and 25.7 kJ/min). The stripping efficiency of all power sources was above 95%. The Cornell whole-body postural discomfort was lowest in exercise machine and highest in traditional method. Right hand was found more affected in Cornell hands discomfort evaluation. Exercising machine was best in Cornell seat comfort evaluation, traditional method was lowest. The average NIOSH lifting index was satisfactory (0.54). Growers preferred motor as the best power option.

A redesign procedure used for introducing new functional properties in innovative gym equipment is here reported. It is based on a metal replacement action where a tempered steel was firstly replaced by an aluminum alloy and then by high strength-to-weight fiber-reinforced polymers. The effect of fiber properties (as strength and volume ratio) and plies stacking sequences (as thicknesses and orientation) were investigated. Numerical analyses, done by Ansys ACP, allowed evaluating the stress-strain behavior in realistic boundaries and quasi-static loads, comparing materials and layouts in terms of stiffness. The single-layered shell method with additional integration points was preferred as a technique for discretizing composite laminates. Maximum Principal Stress and Maximum Distortion Energy (Tsai-Hill) were applied as anisotropic failure criteria. Changes in geometry were also considered given their relevant effects on parts and processes. Specifically, this paper is focused on a representative component of the main kinematic chain (the ‘forearm’) and details the different redesign phases for that part. The chosen solution consisted of 14 layers of unidirectional and bidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced pre-pregs, offering a 68 % weight reduction with respect to a solid aluminum component with equal stiffness. The part was manufactured by hand lay-up and cured in autoclave. This redesign practice was extended to the rest of the equipment allowing its transformation into an exoskeleton.

Many people feel uncomfortable when fitness center is crowded with people in all at the same time. So we propose exercise machines reservation system for resolving the problem that people feel uncomfortable in fitness center. In this paper, we design and implement the exercise machines reservation system that allows for users to reserve fitness equipments by using a NFC-based smart band. A user can reserve exercise machine using some reservation device. he or she will receive notifications through the smart band about when and which machine she or he will have to use. The user can do exercise with a recommended program, and can use any equipments conveniently even in a peak time because no one is waiting. Also, a manager can save cost through the efficient facility management and provide customized member management. Additionally, manager don’t need to purchase other exercise machines or computers. 키워드 : 헬스케어, 예약 시스템, 웨어러블 디바이스, NFC Key word : Healthcare, Reservation System, Wearable Device, NFC

In this work, we present our approach to analyze physiological data in affective exergames by using deep learning algorithms. In previous works, we enhanced a cycling exercise machine to act as a game controller. During a case study, we then collected vision-based and physiological data of 25 participants who rode through a game environment that was designed to provoke emotions. In order to analyze the collected physiological data, we now propose an ensemble learning approach based on three distinct deep learning models: Multilayer Perceptron, Fully Convolutional Networks and Residual Networks. As a result, the proposed algorithms were able to enhance the quality of our event-based emotion analysis method introduced previously.

The purpose of this paper is to solve the social pathological problems through the application of scientific and systematic training methods in response to the demand for improvement of muscular strength of elderly people. It is expected that it will be used as the evaluation, strengthening of muscular function, and rehabilitation exercise program through the provision of exercise information and training program. This paper introduces exercise equipment for the muscular strength of elderly, which provides measurement data and training programs. Though control module and training information module, training load is controlled for safety and effective exercise.

Al-Mabsili date processing is blended with traditional and cultural practices throughout the history of Oman. Due to the modernization in the society, there is a decline in Al-Mabsili date production due to labor scarcity and youth migration to cities looking for other types of jobs. The aim of this research was to study the potentials for mechanization of date stripping process and to compare the ergonomic performance of mechanical options with the traditional method. A mechanical stripping machine prototype was developed with three power source options; bicycle, exercise machine and electric motor. First two needed two operators, peddler and feeder, while electric motor and traditional method needed one. Ergonomic performance tests were using the standard discomfort evaluation methods created at Cornell University. Tests were conducted on human physiological parameters, energy spent, Cornell evaluation of whole-body discomfort, hands discomfort and seat comfort. Standard NIOSH lifting evaluation was conducted considering the frequency of lifting date bunches by operators. The results showed that in all power sources, significant increase in heartbeat, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, oxygen consumption and body temperature with date stripping activity. The energy expenditure per kg was highest in traditional method with14 kJ/kg, while bicycle and exercise machine had the higher energy expenditure rates of 25.7 and 24.3 kJ/min respectively. The Cornell whole-body postural discomfort evaluation showed the exercise machine with highest comfort level while the traditional method was the lowest. Neck and shoulders were the most affected areas in mechanical methods while hip, buttocks and lower back were most affected in traditional method. In Cornell hands discomfort evaluation, right hand was more affected than the left in all methods and first three fingers and the thumb were most affected. The Cornell seat comfort evaluation showed exercising machine is in more comfort zone (66.7%), bicycle in average zone (51.9%) and traditional method in poor comfort zone (9.3%). The average NIOSH lifting index was 0.54, a very satisfactory condition. The survey revealed that 90% respondents preferred electric motor as power source followed by bicycle.

Sedentary behaviors are an important issue worldwide, as prolonged sitting time has been associated with health problems. Recently, active workstations have been developed as a strategy to counteract sedentary behaviors. The present study examined the rationale and perceptions of university students&rsquo, and staff following their first use of an active workstation in library settings. Ninety-nine volunteers completed a self-administered questionnaire after using a portable pedal exercise machine (PPEM) or a standing desk (SD). Computer tasks were performed on the SD (p = 0.001) and paperwork tasks on a PPEM (p = 0.037) to a larger extent. Men preferred the SD and women chose the PPEM (p = 0.037). The appreciation of the PPEM was revealed to be higher than for the SD, due to its higher scores for effective, useful, functional, convenient, and comfortable dimensions. Younger participants (&lt, 25 years of age) found the active workstation more pleasant to use than older participants, and participants who spent between 4 to 8 h per day in a seated position found active workstations were more effective and convenient than participants sitting fewer than 4 h per day. The results of this study are a preliminary step to better understanding the feasibility and acceptability of active workstations on university campuses.

The cycling wheelchair (CWC) can be used as a pedaling exercise machine. However, physiological indexes in the CWC at various pedaling rates and the difference between the CWC and the existing pedaling machines such as the portable ergometer (ERG) are unclear. The aim of this study was to measure physiological indexes in the CWC at various pedaling rates and compare the CWC to the ERG, focusing on psychological stress. The present non-randomized crossover study included ten healthy men (22.3 ± 1.2 years) who performed pedaling exercise with the CWC and the ERG. Both experiments were composed of three pedaling exercise sessions (40, 60, and 80 rpm). Physiological indexes, consisting of oxygen consumption, heart rate, perceived breathlessness and leg fatigue, and salivary amylase activity (SAA), an index of psychological stress, were measured. The metabolic equivalent (METs) and the rate of change in SAA from rest to immediately after each pedaling session (ΔSAA) were calculated. In the CWC, all physiological indexes significantly increased with pedaling rates. The METs were 2.2 ± 0.3, 2.7 ± 0.4, and 3.5 ± 0.4 at 40, 60, and 80 rpm, respectively. In comparison between the CWC and the ERG, ΔSAA was lower in the CWC than in the ERG at 60 and 80 rpm. Our results indicate that the CWC pedaling can provide low or moderate intensity exercises with adjusting pedaling rates and is less stressful than the ERG. Thus, the CWC is a useful pedaling machine to promote regular and enjoyable exercises.

Many stroke survivors experience motor deficits. Rehabilitation is important for the maintenance and recovery of motor functions for activities of daily living. Motivated patients tend to show better rehabilitation effects. In this study, motor function was scored using the Simple Exercise Machine for Upper Limbs (SEMUL) rehabilitation system for upper limbs and the trainees were given feedback on their scores. Nine healthy participants took part in this study and aimed to use the SEMUL once a week for 6 months. We confirmed that their motivation was improved by seeing the changes in their scores.

Upper limb rehabilitation training for Hemiplegie patients has been conducted mainly by human therapists. Training methods and conditions depend strongly on their experience because of the wide range of individual differences between patients. The force control and sensing functions of rehabilitation robots are expected to be used for the qualitative assessment of next-generation computational rehabilitation. In this study, we developed a simple exercise machine for upper limbs (SEMUL) using an electro-rheological fluid brake, as a safe brake-type robotic rehabilitation system. We also developed a new upper limb training/assessment program, called "WIPE," for the SEMUL. Furthermore, we conducted clinical tests on twelve subjects (six each for the SEMUL training and for general training). We adopted the ABA design methodology for the clinical research tests. The motor functions of upper limbs were assessed using five clinical scores: Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Brunnstrome recovery stage, Simple Test for Evaluating Hand Function (STEF), Stroke Impairment Assessment Set (SIAS), and Motor Activity Log. Improvements of the FMA, STEF, and SIAS in the SEMUL training groups were found to be higher than those in the general training groups.

The cycle of papers describes in detail the software of the tactical exercise machine optical-electronic for small arms "Inhibitor" developed at Institute of mechanics UdmFRC UB RAS and at Computer facilities department of Kalashnikov ISTU jointly with OJSC «Izhmash» Concern». The tactical specification on functionality of scenarios of educational exercises from the Course of firing practice with support of replacement of targets in mountain conditions of expansion of the exercise machine is provided, special attention is paid to night conditions of trainings with the change of behavior of targets, with imitation of illumination of the area by a lighting rocket and the unmasking backfire of targets. At display of targets several options of range (a near limit, average and distant) and not repeatability of their emergence on the front, including working off of season, day and difficult behavior of the targets have to be supported (squat, bedding, evasion from close misses, etc.). The base of exercises and targets from the Course of firing practice at shooting arms is necessary. It was necessary to develop a format of files for storage of scenarios of exercises with the flexible number of trainees (1...8) and independent individual trainings on the shooting head mistresses or all together on the general scenario (for example, on action of the department in defense). The conclusion is drawn on prospects of further researches and development of electronic shooting exercise machines thanks to improvement and reduction in cost of the element base and development of program libraries, for the purpose of increase in the accuracy of exercise machines, expansion of functionality and decrease in the cost value, thus, improving the competitiveness.

Introduction: The elliptical trainer, developed to simulate running while minimizing joint loads, elicits a unique lower extremity biomechanical response. The purpose of this study was to examine the angular kinematics, peak net joint moments, and peak joint powers at the hip, knee and ankle joints while exercising at three different ramp settings on the elliptical trainer exercise machine (Precor EFX). Methods: Twenty-six healthy individuals with no history of lower extremity injury and with previous experience exercis- ing on an elliptical trainer volunteered for this study. Motion was captured with two cameras as subjects performed exer- cise at three ramp conditions. The pedal resistance was kept constant at the lowest setting. The pedals of the elliptical were fitted with three orthogonal load cells. Video and force data were synchronized and used to perform a 2D inverse dynamics analysis. Results: As the ramp inclination increased, subjects demonstrated greater amounts of ankle dorsiflexion, knee flexion, hip flexion and lesser degrees of plantar flexion and hip extension (p

The number of papers describes in detail the software for the optical-electronic tactical exercise machine for small arms "Inhibitor" developed at the Institute of Mechanics UdmFRC UB RAS and at Computer facilities department of Kalashnikov ISTU jointly with OJSC «Izhmash» Concern». The review is presented for electronic shooting exercise machines of a wide range of cost and functional purpose which are manufactured in Russia, such as “Rubin”, "Fighter", "Pro", etc. and widely used in structures of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, at schools for athletes and hunters training; the special attention is paid to the 1U35 exercise machine for army divisions. The opportunity to carry out theoretical and practical training of the weapon structure and firing rules is analyzed. The tactical specification on software development for studying the weapon and firing rules (training software) is provided, contents and the algorithm of work with the software, a database structure and its fullness are described. Test tasks are developed to check the quality of the acquired material of both the theoretical plan, and practical one (the virtual systems of weapon assembly-disassembly). The conclusion is drawn on prospects of further researches and improvement of electronic shooting exercise machines thanks to technical development and cost reduction of the applied components and availability of program libraries in order to increase the accuracy of exercise machines, and expand the functionality including training programs, cost reduction and, therefore, increase in competitiveness.

The paper considers creation of the virtual model of receiving normal butane from isobutene-butene fraction with use of an integrated environment of OMEGALAND dynamic model operation to study the characteristics of the set technological mode. In the research process function chart was chosen and the parameters defining the key quality indicators of technological process of receiving normal butane were determined. The inventory which will participate in the simulation model is picked up. “Visual Modeler” dynamic model operation software with the graphic module and the module of the database are chosen as a medium for technological process modelling. The virtual model of a column used in simulators for tutoring and training prompt actions of technicians is created. Calculations of the established condition of process are performed, the analysis of sources to check the model for compliance with a real object is carried out.

[Purpose] The present study investigated the effects of regular exercise on the improvement of free fatty acid (FFA) levels and metabolic risk factors of stroke patients. [Methods] The subjects were 20 male patients aged 47−59 years who were diagnosed as having hemiplegia resulting from stroke. Exercise was conducted using a stationary bicycle, a rehabilitative exercise machine. The exercise program utilized the heart rate reserve (HRR) method to create an exercise intensity amounting to 50−70% of the target heart rate (THR). The program lasted for 30 minutes and was conducted 5 times per week for a total of 12 weeks. [Results] In stroke patients, 12 weeks of exercise training yielded a significant interaction effect with weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). There were also significant differences in triglycerides (TG) according to the time of measurement, and an interaction effect was observed for triglycerides (TC). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), an important marker of improvement in metabolic risk factors, showed a significant interaction effect with exercise training. In addition, free fatty acids (FFA) showed a significant difference based on the time of measurement and showed a significant negative correlation with HDLC (r = −0.77). [Conclusion] The results of the present study suggest that regular exercise by stroke patients reduces their risk of metabolic complications and stroke recurrence by reducing obesity indices, improving serum lipid and FFA levels, and increasing HDLC levels.

Attaching elastic tubes (ETs) to resistance training machines can affect the exercise load profile. The purpose of this study was to assess the training effects of added ETs, which were strategically attached to provide additional loads only during the deceleration phase of the knee extension exercise. Twenty-two healthy participants, assigned to either an experimental group (with ETs) or a control group (without ETs), participated in a 12-week strength-training program using a knee extension exercise machine. The acceleration effects were quantified and a method of attaching the ETs to the knee extension machine was developed. The effects of the added ETs were analysed by testing dynamic and isometric maximum contractions at four knee flexion angles (10 degrees, 30 degrees, 50 degrees, and 80 degrees). Analyses of covariance with the initial values as the covariate were used to examine the ETeffects. A greater increase in isometric maximum strength was found in the experimental group than in the control group at knee flexion angles of 10 degrees [effect size (ES) = 2.25] and 30 degrees (ES = 1.18). No significant difference in the dynamic maximum strength was found between the groups. The use of ETs increased strength at smaller knee flexion angles with quadriceps that were relatively short.

In the article for the first time in national study of art considered by the academic theory of dance and ballet renowned choreographers of the XVII−XIX century. Analyzed and translated into the state language of the unique theoretical foundations of the masters of dance and ballet Raoul-Auger Feuillet Jean George Noverr Carlo Pasquale Francesco Raffaele Baldassare de Blasis Leopold Adis August Bournonville., У статті вперше у вітчизняному мистецтвознавстві розглянуто академічну теорію танцю і балету видатних хореографів XVII−XIX століть. Проаналізовано і перекладено унікальні теоретичні засади майстрів танцю і балету Рауля Фьолйє, Жан Жоржа Новерра, Карла Блазіса, Леопольда Адіса, Августа Бурнонвіля.