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Key to species of Exphora 1. Metope long, 2.5 times as long as wide........................................................ E. longipennata - Metope less than 2 times as long as wide................................................................... 2. 2. Metope distinctly enlarged over clypeus at almost right angle, with 2 rows of black spots (between keels)..... E. fumivenosa - Metope enlarged over clypeus with board obtuse, without black spots............................................ 3 3. Body greenish, fore wing with 15 apical cells....................................................... E. succinae - Body yellowish-brown, fore wing with 18–19 apical cells...................................................... 4 4. Fore wing with dark brown transvers veins...................................................... E. perinetensis - Fore wings uniformly coloured, without darker veins......................................................... 5 5. Apical part of aedeagus without long needle-like processes. Aedeagal processes obtuse curved or almost stright and prolonged.................................................................................................... 6 - Apical part of aedeagus with long needle-like processes directed dorsally......................................... 7 6. Apical processes of aedeagus well developed, falcate, with denticles directed to each other........................... 8 - Apical processes of aedeagus without denticles directed to each other. Aedeagus long and thin or wide and robust....... 10 7. Anal column short, placed in basal part of anal tube.................................................... E. similis - Anal column long, placed in apical part of anal tube................................................. E. succinae 8. Apical process of aedeagus twice longer than subapical....................................................... 9 - Apical process of aedeagus as long as subapical...................................................... E. guerini 9. Aedeagus with 2 distinct bulges dorsally, ventral process weekly developed......................... E. constanti sp. n. - Aedeagus without bulges, ventral process bird-head shaped...................................... E. stroinskii sp. n. 10. Aedeagus comparatively short, robust; apical margin of anal tube with deep incision..................... E. ifanadiensis - Aedeagus very long; anal tube twice longer than wide with apical margin almost stright............................ 11 11. Aedeagal processes with abundant small denticles....................................... E. ambatolaonaensis sp. n. - Aedeagal processes without small denticles...................................................... E. perinetensis

Exphora stroinskii Junkiert & Walczak, sp. n. (Figs 4 a, 4 b) Description. Head: Metope 2.5 x as long as wide, weakly expanding in middle then narrowing before joining metoclypeal suture. Dorsal margin of metope almost straight. Median keel distinct, running through metope and metoclypeal suture. Metoclypeal suture elongate, triangular. Lateral keels present and distinct. In lateral view metope arcuately convex, but in central part rather straight, metoclypeal suture almost straight (Figs 1 a, 1 b). Eye black, round, ocelli present. Coryphe almost twice as wide as long, anterior margin convex and weakly angular, posterior margin distinctly arcuately concave (Fig. 1 c). Pronotum and mesonotum: Pronotum bluntly rounded, distinctly concave. Mesonotum weakly convex, with three parallel keels: anterior part of median keel joined to two slanting lines converging almost at right angle and thus forming an arrow-shaped structure. Both edges of arrow joined to two lateral keels. Fore wings: Clavus elongate, as long as 2 / 3 of whole wing length. Two longitudinal veins on clavus converge at 1 / 3 of their length. Two transverse veins present on the clavus. Radius bifurcate (R 2) after cubitus (Cu 2). Costal membrane with ten transverse veins, costal cell with two transverse veins. Stigma round and black, covering 1 / 3 of cell, partially entering apical fragment of costal cell. Five short parallel veinlets arise from stigma, four brown cells located among those veinlets and separated from the black stigma with a yellow line. Nineteen apical cells present at apex of fore wing (Fig. 1 d). Hind wings well developed, as long as 4 / 5 of fore wings’ length. Legs. Tibia triangular in lateral view with concave ventral side. Lateral margin with four lateral spines present, three of which are distinct and 1 weakly visible. Lateral margin cross-striated and covered with small, barely visible bristles. Coloration. General coloration yellowish-brown, metope with keels distinctly red. Larteral margins of tergites of abdomen brown. Wings hyaline with brown veins. Femur coloration light brown with dark brown base, tibia coloration uniformly light brown, spines brown, darker than tibia. Male genitalia: Pygofer with hind margin strongly convex. Anal tube elongate, weakly narrowed basally and enlarged apically in dorsal view. Anal column about 0.33 x as long as anal tube (Fig. 1 f). Style almost triangular with caudo-dorsal angle obtuse. Apical tooth of style wide and folded, bearing subapical tooth on inner side (Fig. 1 g). Aedeagus narrow, falcate in lateral view. Ventral phallobase reaching half length of aedeagus. Each dorsolateral phallobase lobe with one long, narrow, semicircular apical process bearing small, abundant denticles. Subapical process horn-shaped. Dorsal surface of phallobase with bird-head-shaped process medially. Apical aedeagal process leaf-shaped with two barely visible curved apical teeth (Fig. 1 e). Remarks. Exphora stroinskii sp. n. is similar to other species externally, but can be distinguished from related by the pattern of black round stigma, metope lacking of brown stripes, long anal tube, shape of style, aedeagus and its processes (see the key above). Material examined. Holotype ♂ / Exphora stroinskii sp. n. / Junkiert & Walczak det. 2014 [red label]; Madagascar Est / district Sambava / Marojejy / Ambinanitelo 500m / XII– 58 Raharizonina; INSTITUT / SCIENTIFIQUE / MADAGASCAR; Coll. R.I.Sc.N.B. [blue label] Etymology. The name of this new species is dedicated to Dr. Adam Stroiński, the Fulgoromorphan specialist from the Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland. Exphora constanti Junkiert & Walczak, sp. n. (Figs 4 c, 4 d) Description. Head: Metope twice as long as wide, distinctly enlarging in middle where it becomes arcuately convex then narrowing to metoclypeal suture. Upper part of metope weakly (but distinctly) concave. Median keel distinct, running through metope and metoclypeal suture. Metoclypeal suture elongate, triangular, upper margins weakly arcuately curved, lateral keels present and distinct. In lateral view metope distinctly convex, whereas metoclypeal suture almost straight. Eye black, round, ocelli present (Figs 2 a, 2 b). Coryphe almost twice as wide as long, anterior margin convex and weakly angular, posterior margin distinctly arcuately concave (Fig. 2 c). Pronotum and mesonotum: Pronotum bluntly rounded, distinctly concave. Mesonotum weakly convex, with 3 parallel keels: anterior part of median keel joined to two slanting lines converging almost at right angle and thus forming an arrow-shaped structure. Both edges of arrow joined to two lateral keels. Fore wings: Clavus elongate, as long as 2 / 3 of the whole wing length. Two longitudinal veins on clavus converge at 1 / 3 of their length. Two transverse veins present on clavus. Radius bifurcate (R 2) after cubitus (Cu 2). Costal membrane with nine transverse veins, costal cell with three transverse veins. Stigma round and black, covering 1 / 3 of cell, partially entering apical fragment of the costal cell. 4 short parallel veinlets arise from stigma, three brown cells located among those veinlets. Nineteen apical cells present at apex of fore wing (Fig. 2 d). Hind wings well developed, as long as 4 / 5 of the wings’ length. Legs: Tibia triangular in lateral view with concave ventral side. Lateral margin with four lateral spines present, three of which are distinct and 1 weakly visible. Lateral margin cross-striated and covered with small, barely visible bristles. Coloration. General coloration yellowish-brown, metope with keels distinctly red, between lateral and median keels brown stripes passing along the metope. Larteral margins of tergites of abdomen brown. Wings hialine with brown veins. Femur and tibia coloration uniform–yellowish-brown, spines brown, darker than tibia. Male genitalia: Pygofer with hind margin convex. Anal tube elongate, enlarged apically in dorsal view. Anal column long, about 0.4 x as long as anal tube (Fig. 2 f). Style almost triangular with caudo-dorsal angle obtuse. Apical tooth of style folded, bearing subapical tooth on its inner side (Fig. 2 g). Aedeagus falcate in lateral view. Ventral phallobase reaching almost half length of aedeagus. Each dorso-lateral lobe with two processes: apical one, slightly curved, narrow, twice longer than subapical, hornshaped. Hind margin with a few weakly visible denticles. Adeagus with two distinct semicilcular bulges placed ventraly. Dorsal surface of phallobase with blunt process with week concavity placed distally (Fig. 2 e). Remarks. Exphora constanti sp. n. is similar to other species externally, but can be distinguished from related by distinct brown stripes on metope, shape of pygofer, anal tube, style and aedeagus (see the key above). Material examined. Holotype ♂ / Exphora constanti sp. n. / Junkiert & Walczak det. 2014 [red label]; Coll.R.I.Sc.N.B. / Madagascar / Maroantsetra / III– 1949 [hand written]; H.Synave det. 1965 / Exphora n. sp. [hand written] Etymology. The name of species is dedicated to Dr. Jérôme Constant the Fulgoromorphan specialist from Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium. Exphora ambatolaonaensis Junkiert & Walczak, sp. n. (Figs 4 e, 4 f) Description. Head: Metope twice as long as wide, distinctly enlarging in middle where it becomes angularly convex then narrowing to metoclypeal suture. Dorsal margin of metope almost straight. Median keel distinct, running through metope and metoclypeal suture. Metoclypeal suture elongate, triangular. Lateral keels present and distinct. In lateral view metope distinctly convex, whereas metoclypeal suture almost straight. Eye black, round, ocelli present (Figs. 3 a, 3 b). Coryphe almost one and a half as wide as long, anterior margin convex and strongly angular, posterior margin distinctly arcuately concave (Fig. 3 c). Pronotum and mesonotum: Pronotum bluntly rounded, distinctly concave, posterior margin black. Mesonotum weakly convex, with 3 parallel keels: anterior part of median keel joined to two slanting lines converging almost at right angle and thus forming an arrow-shaped structure. Both edges of arrow joined to two lateral keels. Between keels brown stripes present. Fore wings: Clavus elongate, as long as 2 / 3 of the whole wing length. Two longitudinal veins on clavus converge at 1 / 3 of their length. Two transverse veins present on the clavus. Radius (R 2) bifurcate below cubitus (Cu 2). Costal membrane with 8 transverse veins, costal cell with 2 transverse veins. Stigma angular and black, covering 1 / 3 of cell, partially entering the apical fragment of costal cell. Five short parallel veinlets arise from stigma, four brown cells located among those veinlets (Fig. 3 d). Hind wings well developed, as long as 4 / 5 of the fore wings’ length. Legs. Tibia triangular in lateral view with concave ventral side. Lateral margin with four lateral spines present. Lateral margin cross-striated and covered with small, barely visible bristles. Coloration. General coloration yellowish-brown, metope with keels red, between lateral and median keels two delicate brown stripes, placed on the upper part of metope. Larteral margins of tergites of abdomen brown. Wings hyaline with brown veins. Legs brown, generally darker than body. Male genitalia: Pygofer with hind margin convex. Anal tube elongate, straight in all its length in dorsal view. Anal column long, about 0.4 x as long as anal tube (Fig. 3 f). Style elongated, almost oval. Apical tooth of style weakly folded, bearing subapical tooth on inner side (Fig. 3 g). Aedeagus narrow, falcate in lateral view. Ventral phallobase reaching more than half length of aedeagus. Each dorso-lateral lobe armored with comb of abundant denticles. Aedeagus with slightly curved, narrow apical processes bearing small denticles apically. Subapical process with small single denticle, directed dorsally. Dorsal surface of the phallobase with elongated blunt process with delicate distal concavity (Fig. 3 e). Remarks. Exphora ambatolaonaensis sp. n. is similar to other species externally, but can be distinguished from related by shape of pygofer, long anal tube, style and aedeagus (see the key above). Material examined. Holotype ♂ / Exphora ambatolaonaensis sp. n. / Junkiert & Walczak det. 2014 [red label]; Coll. R.I.Sc.N.B. / Madagascar Ambatolaona [hand written] / H.Synave det. 195 [lack of date] / Exphora n. sp. [hand written] Etymology. The name of species is connected with place where the specimen was collected, Ambatolaona (Lamberton), Madagascar.

Exphora stroinskii Junkiert & Walczak, sp. n. (Figs 4 a, 4 b) Description. Head: Metope 2.5 x as long as wide, weakly expanding in middle then narrowing before joining metoclypeal suture. Dorsal margin of metope almost straight. Median keel distinct, running through metope and metoclypeal suture. Metoclypeal suture elongate, triangular. Lateral keels present and distinct. In lateral view metope arcuately convex, but in central part rather straight, metoclypeal suture almost straight (Figs 1 a, 1 b). Eye black, round, ocelli present. Coryphe almost twice as wide as long, anterior margin convex and weakly angular, posterior margin distinctly arcuately concave (Fig. 1 c). Pronotum and mesonotum: Pronotum bluntly rounded, distinctly concave. Mesonotum weakly convex, with three parallel keels: anterior part of median keel joined to two slanting lines converging almost at right angle and thus forming an arrow-shaped structure. Both edges of arrow joined to two lateral keels. Fore wings: Clavus elongate, as long as 2 / 3 of whole wing length. Two longitudinal veins on clavus converge at 1 / 3 of their length. Two transverse veins present on the clavus. Radius bifurcate (R 2) after cubitus (Cu 2). Costal membrane with ten transverse veins, costal cell with two transverse veins. Stigma round and black, covering 1 / 3 of cell, partially entering apical fragment of costal cell. Five short parallel veinlets arise from stigma, four brown cells located among those veinlets and separated from the black stigma with a yellow line. Nineteen apical cells present at apex of fore wing (Fig. 1 d). Hind wings well developed, as long as 4 / 5 of fore wings��� length. Legs. Tibia triangular in lateral view with concave ventral side. Lateral margin with four lateral spines present, three of which are distinct and 1 weakly visible. Lateral margin cross-striated and covered with small, barely visible bristles. Coloration. General coloration yellowish-brown, metope with keels distinctly red. Larteral margins of tergites of abdomen brown. Wings hyaline with brown veins. Femur coloration light brown with dark brown base, tibia coloration uniformly light brown, spines brown, darker than tibia. Male genitalia: Pygofer with hind margin strongly convex. Anal tube elongate, weakly narrowed basally and enlarged apically in dorsal view. Anal column about 0.33 x as long as anal tube (Fig. 1 f). Style almost triangular with caudo-dorsal angle obtuse. Apical tooth of style wide and folded, bearing subapical tooth on inner side (Fig. 1 g). Aedeagus narrow, falcate in lateral view. Ventral phallobase reaching half length of aedeagus. Each dorsolateral phallobase lobe with one long, narrow, semicircular apical process bearing small, abundant denticles. Subapical process horn-shaped. Dorsal surface of phallobase with bird-head-shaped process medially. Apical aedeagal process leaf-shaped with two barely visible curved apical teeth (Fig. 1 e). Remarks. Exphora stroinskii sp. n. is similar to other species externally, but can be distinguished from related by the pattern of black round stigma, metope lacking of brown stripes, long anal tube, shape of style, aedeagus and its processes (see the key above). Material examined. Holotype ♂ / Exphora stroinskii sp. n. / Junkiert & Walczak det. 2014 [red label]; Madagascar Est / district Sambava / Marojejy / Ambinanitelo 500m / XII��� 58 Raharizonina; INSTITUT / SCIENTIFIQUE / MADAGASCAR; Coll. R.I.Sc.N.B. [blue label] Etymology. The name of this new species is dedicated to Dr. Adam Stroiński, the Fulgoromorphan specialist from the Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland. Exphora constanti Junkiert & Walczak, sp. n. (Figs 4 c, 4 d) Description. Head: Metope twice as long as wide, distinctly enlarging in middle where it becomes arcuately convex then narrowing to metoclypeal suture. Upper part of metope weakly (but distinctly) concave. Median keel distinct, running through metope and metoclypeal suture. Metoclypeal suture elongate, triangular, upper margins weakly arcuately curved, lateral keels present and distinct. In lateral view metope distinctly convex, whereas metoclypeal suture almost straight. Eye black, round, ocelli present (Figs 2 a, 2 b). Coryphe almost twice as wide as long, anterior margin convex and weakly angular, posterior margin distinctly arcuately concave (Fig. 2 c). Pronotum and mesonotum: Pronotum bluntly rounded, distinctly concave. Mesonotum weakly convex, with 3 parallel keels: anterior part of median keel joined to two slanting lines converging almost at right angle and thus forming an arrow-shaped structure. Both edges of arrow joined to two lateral keels. Fore wings: Clavus elongate, as long as 2 / 3 of the whole wing length. Two longitudinal veins on clavus converge at 1 / 3 of their length. Two transverse veins present on clavus. Radius bifurcate (R 2) after cubitus (Cu 2). Costal membrane with nine transverse veins, costal cell with three transverse veins. Stigma round and black, covering 1 / 3 of cell, partially entering apical fragment of the costal cell. 4 short parallel veinlets arise from stigma, three brown cells located among those veinlets. Nineteen apical cells present at apex of fore wing (Fig. 2 d). Hind wings well developed, as long as 4 / 5 of the wings��� length. Legs: Tibia triangular in lateral view with concave ventral side. Lateral margin with four lateral spines present, three of which are distinct and 1 weakly visible. Lateral margin cross-striated and covered with small, barely visible bristles. Coloration. General coloration yellowish-brown, metope with keels distinctly red, between lateral and median keels brown stripes passing along the metope. Larteral margins of tergites of abdomen brown. Wings hialine with brown veins. Femur and tibia coloration uniform���yellowish-brown, spines brown, darker than tibia. Male genitalia: Pygofer with hind margin convex. Anal tube elongate, enlarged apically in dorsal view. Anal column long, about 0.4 x as long as anal tube (Fig. 2 f). Style almost triangular with caudo-dorsal angle obtuse. Apical tooth of style folded, bearing subapical tooth on its inner side (Fig. 2 g). Aedeagus falcate in lateral view. Ventral phallobase reaching almost half length of aedeagus. Each dorso-lateral lobe with two processes: apical one, slightly curved, narrow, twice longer than subapical, hornshaped. Hind margin with a few weakly visible denticles. Adeagus with two distinct semicilcular bulges placed ventraly. Dorsal surface of phallobase with blunt process with week concavity placed distally (Fig. 2 e). Remarks. Exphora constanti sp. n. is similar to other species externally, but can be distinguished from related by distinct brown stripes on metope, shape of pygofer, anal tube, style and aedeagus (see the key above). Material examined. Holotype ♂ / Exphora constanti sp. n. / Junkiert & Walczak det. 2014 [red label]; Coll.R.I.Sc.N.B. / Madagascar / Maroantsetra / III��� 1949 [hand written]; H.Synave det. 1965 / Exphora n. sp. [hand written] Etymology. The name of species is dedicated to Dr. J��r��me Constant the Fulgoromorphan specialist from Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium. Exphora ambatolaonaensis Junkiert & Walczak, sp. n. (Figs 4 e, 4 f) Description. Head: Metope twice as long as wide, distinctly enlarging in middle where it becomes angularly convex then narrowing to metoclypeal suture. Dorsal margin of metope almost straight. Median keel distinct, running through metope and metoclypeal suture. Metoclypeal suture elongate, triangular. Lateral keels present and distinct. In lateral view metope distinctly convex, whereas metoclypeal suture almost straight. Eye black, round, ocelli present (Figs. 3 a, 3 b). Coryphe almost one and a half as wide as long, anterior margin convex and strongly angular, posterior margin distinctly arcuately concave (Fig. 3 c). Pronotum and mesonotum: Pronotum bluntly rounded, distinctly concave, posterior margin black. Mesonotum weakly convex, with 3 parallel keels: anterior part of median keel joined to two slanting lines converging almost at right angle and thus forming an arrow-shaped structure. Both edges of arrow joined to two lateral keels. Between keels brown stripes present. Fore wings: Clavus elongate, as long as 2 / 3 of the whole wing length. Two longitudinal veins on clavus converge at 1 / 3 of their length. Two transverse veins present on the clavus. Radius (R 2) bifurcate below cubitus (Cu 2). Costal membrane with 8 transverse veins, costal cell with 2 transverse veins. Stigma angular and black, covering 1 / 3 of cell, partially entering the apical fragment of costal cell. Five short parallel veinlets arise from stigma, four brown cells located among those veinlets (Fig. 3 d). Hind wings well developed, as long as 4 / 5 of the fore wings��� length. Legs. Tibia triangular in lateral view with concave ventral side. Lateral margin with four lateral spines present. Lateral margin cross-striated and covered with small, barely visible bristles. Coloration. General coloration yellowish-brown, metope with keels red, between lateral and median keels two delicate brown stripes, placed on the upper part of metope. Larteral margins of tergites of abdomen brown. Wings hyaline with brown veins. Legs brown, generally darker than body. Male genitalia: Pygofer with hind margin convex. Anal tube elongate, straight in all its length in dorsal view. Anal column long, about 0.4 x as long as anal tube (Fig. 3 f). Style elongated, almost oval. Apical tooth of style weakly folded, bearing subapical tooth on inner side (Fig. 3 g). Aedeagus narrow, falcate in lateral view. Ventral phallobase reaching more than half length of aedeagus. Each dorso-lateral lobe armored with comb of abundant denticles. Aedeagus with slightly curved, narrow apical processes bearing small denticles apically. Subapical process with small single denticle, directed dorsally. Dorsal surface of the phallobase with elongated blunt process with delicate distal concavity (Fig. 3 e). Remarks. Exphora ambatolaonaensis sp. n. is similar to other species externally, but can be distinguished from related by shape of pygofer, long anal tube, style and aedeagus (see the key above). Material examined. Holotype ♂ / Exphora ambatolaonaensis sp. n. / Junkiert & Walczak det. 2014 [red label]; Coll. R.I.Sc.N.B. / Madagascar Ambatolaona [hand written] / H.Synave det. 195 [lack of date] / Exphora n. sp. [hand written] Etymology. The name of species is connected with place where the specimen was collected, Ambatolaona (Lamberton), Madagascar., Published as part of Junkiert, ��ukasz & Walczak, Marcin, 2015, Three new species of the genus Exphora Signoret, 1860 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Tropiduchidae) from Madagascar, pp. 129-136 in Zootaxa 3926 (1) on pages 130-135, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3926.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/235518

Key to species of Exphora 1. Metope long, 2.5 times as long as wide........................................................ E. longipennata - Metope less than 2 times as long as wide................................................................... 2. 2. Metope distinctly enlarged over clypeus at almost right angle, with 2 rows of black spots (between keels)..... E. fumivenosa - Metope enlarged over clypeus with board obtuse, without black spots............................................ 3 3. Body greenish, fore wing with 15 apical cells....................................................... E. succinae - Body yellowish-brown, fore wing with 18���19 apical cells...................................................... 4 4. Fore wing with dark brown transvers veins...................................................... E. perinetensis - Fore wings uniformly coloured, without darker veins......................................................... 5 5. Apical part of aedeagus without long needle-like processes. Aedeagal processes obtuse curved or almost stright and prolonged.................................................................................................... 6 - Apical part of aedeagus with long needle-like processes directed dorsally......................................... 7 6. Apical processes of aedeagus well developed, falcate, with denticles directed to each other........................... 8 - Apical processes of aedeagus without denticles directed to each other. Aedeagus long and thin or wide and robust....... 10 7. Anal column short, placed in basal part of anal tube.................................................... E. similis - Anal column long, placed in apical part of anal tube................................................. E. succinae 8. Apical process of aedeagus twice longer than subapical....................................................... 9 - Apical process of aedeagus as long as subapical...................................................... E. guerini 9. Aedeagus with 2 distinct bulges dorsally, ventral process weekly developed......................... E. constanti sp. n. - Aedeagus without bulges, ventral process bird-head shaped...................................... E. stroinskii sp. n. 10. Aedeagus comparatively short, robust; apical margin of anal tube with deep incision..................... E. ifanadiensis - Aedeagus very long; anal tube twice longer than wide with apical margin almost stright............................ 11 11. Aedeagal processes with abundant small denticles....................................... E. ambatolaonaensis sp. n. - Aedeagal processes without small denticles...................................................... E. perinetensis, Published as part of Junkiert, ��ukasz & Walczak, Marcin, 2015, Three new species of the genus Exphora Signoret, 1860 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Tropiduchidae) from Madagascar, pp. 129-136 in Zootaxa 3926 (1) on page 130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3926.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/235518