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This paper presents the outcomes of a pediatric bilateral condylar fracture treated with intermaxillary fixation (IMF) and an occlusal stop.A 6-year-old girl presented with the complaint of pain on her chin. She had fallen down, whereas riding a bicycle and her face hit the road. She had limited mouth-opening (10 mm). Panoramic radiography and computed tomography confirmed a bilateral condylar fracture. The inclination of the fractured condyle (IFC) was 39.2° and 42.4° on the left and right sides, respectively. On the third post-trauma day, arch bars were applied and IMF was performed with a prefabricated wafer (occlusal stop) and rubber bands. The rubber bands were changed to wires on post-IMF day (PMF) 4.Immediately after IMF, the IFCs increased (left: 50.1° and right: 68.1°). On PMF 1, the IFCs had improved (44.5° and 46.9°, respectively). On PMF 3, 12, 28, and 35, the left and right IFCs were 46.9° and 70.7°, 38.9° and 72.0°, 38.0° and 56.5°, and 36.4° and 44.6°, respectively. On PMF 42, the IFCs had changed to 34.5° and 36.1°, and wires were changed to rubber bands. On PMF 49, the IFCs were 34.0° and 36.5°, and rubber bands were applied at night only. On PMF 56, the IFCs had improved to 35.0° and 34.8°, and the arch bars were removed. The changes of IFC were fitted to an exponential regression model (left: y = 44.134e-0.005x and right: y = 11.378e-0.043x).This case shows that pediatric bilateral mandibular condyle fractures can be treated by vertical lengthening using an occlusal stop and IMF.

The main objective of this paper was to investigate the relationship between PCI and IRI values of the rural road network. To this end, 6000 pavement sections of the rural road network in Iran were selected. Road surface images and roughness linear profiles were collected using an automated car to calculate PCI and IRI, respectively. Three exponential regression models were developed and validated in three different IRI intervals. Analysis of the results indicated that exponential regression was the best model to relate IRI and PCI. In these models, R2 values were found to be acceptable, equal to 0.75, 0.76, and 0.59 for roads with good, fair, and very poor qualities, respectively, indicating a good relationship between IRI and PCI. Moreover, validation results showed that the model had a high accuracy. Also, the relation between IRI and PCI became weaker as a result of increasing the level of road surface roughness, which can be caused by the increase in the number and severity of failures. Furthermore, two failures of rail R.C. and rutting were rarely observed in the studied roads. Therefore, the proposed model is more applicable for roads without the mentioned failures and asphalt-pavement rural road network.

Toyota Avanza car is a popular four-wheeler among Indonesia middle-class customers. The current study aims to forecast the demand for Toyota Avanza cars in Indonesia in the next six years using the grey forecasting model EGM (1,1, α, θ). The comparative analysis of the results obtained from the grey model with those of Linear Regression, Exponential Regression, and Exponential Triple Smoothing techniques revealed the superiority of the grey model as it produced most accurate forecasts. The accuracy was measured through the Mean Absolute Percentage Error. The results revealed, the car sales are likely to decline in the future. Although forecasts are never completely accurate, forecasting can provide a reference for developing strategy to meet future demand. The results are important for Toyota Avanza car manufacturers in Indonesia.

We propose a cross-sectional study based on 980 maximal effort tests to quantify the effect of the calculation method of heart rate recovery (HRR) on its association with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). For five different time t0 after exercise cessation, HRR has been calculated as: • the difference and the ratio between maximal measured heart rate and heart rate (HR) at t0; • HR at t0; • the decay time of an exponential decay encompassing the first t0 minutes of the HR recovery. The associations between HRR indices and CRF were estimated from generalized estimating equations stratified by gender and adjusted for age and body mass index. For HRR indices based on exponential regression, no significant association with CRF was found, whereas the other HRR indices are associated with CRF when t0 is at least one minute and is maximum for t0 = 2 minutes for females and t0 = 3 minutes for males.

The temporal and spatial progress of sheath blight was assessed on a set of mega rice varieties of South Asia and local varieties of North India in field experiments for two consecutive years. With artificially created disease focus disease severity was recorded on five un-inoculated plants from the focus in four directions after two, four and six weeks of inoculation. The mega varieties differed in their level of susceptibility to sheath blight. The temporal progression of the disease was significantly increased in Swarna and Swarna Sub-1 followed by PR 114 and PR 121 varieties. Area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) ranged 184.92 – 683.67 in tested varieties. The disease severity decreased as the distance from the disease focus increased in all varieties, the significance of the spatial spread depended on the susceptibility level of the variety. Swarna and Swarna Sub-1 showed higher level of susceptibility. The exponential regression model explained the increased severity with time which get decreased with increase in distance from the disease focus. Relationship of week after inoculation with disease severity indicated that model explained 96.0% variability of the response data in Swarna. The morphological traits like plant height, number of tillers per hill and tiller angle of the varieties had a significant correlation with the disease severity and incidence. In the absence of genetic resistance, this study provides evidence of requirement of a six-week period for differentiating the susceptible or resistant response of rice varieties to sheath blight under field conditions. Plant morphological traits are the key factor which can be consider in disease resistant breeding programme.

This paper employed the intelligent approach based on machine learning categorized as base and ensemble methods in classifying the disaster risk in the Philippines. It focused on the Decision Trees, Support Vector Machine, Adaptive Boosting Algorithm with Decision Trees, and Support Vector Machine as base estimators. The research used the Exponential Regression for missing value imputation and converted the number of casualties, damaged houses, and properties into five (5) risk levels using Quantile Method. The 10-fold cross-validation was used to validate the proposed algorithms. The experiment shows that Decision Trees and Adaptive Decision Trees are the most suitable models for the disaster data with the score of more than 90%, more than 75%, more than 75% in all the classification metrics (accuracy, precision, recall f1-score) when applied to classification risk levels of casualties, damaged houses and damaged properties respectively.

Soil-rock mixture (S-RM) exerts a major control on slope stability. Baidian County in southeastern China was selected as a case study to better understand the effect of S-RM on potential slopes. The developed slope deposits in Baidian County mainly consist of different fractions of soil and fragmented rocks with random structure and poor sorting, which is characteristic of a typical S-RM. A series of large in situ horizontal push-shear tests was conducted on selected sites under natural conditions to investigate the mechanical strength characteristics and size effect of the regional S-RM. The results show a larger internal friction angle and smaller cohesion value than reported in previous experimental studies, which directly correspond to block proportion by weight (WBP) of S-RM. The mechanical parameters of the various S-RM sizes exhibit two distinct trends that follow exponential regression functions. The size effect is assumed to be influenced by the non-uniform coefficient (Cu). These results provide important insight on the engineering properties of S-RM and guidance for the design of suitable slope mitigation strategies.

OBJECTIVE To quantify the effect of age on two-dimensional (2D) radiographic lung and diaphragm morphology and determine if 2D radiographic lung measurements can be used to estimate computer tomography (CT)-derived lung volume in normative pediatric subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) were created using retrospective chest CT scans from 77 pediatric male and female subjects aged birth to 19 years. 2D lung and diaphragm measurements were made on the DRRs using custom MATLAB code, and Spearman correlations and exponential regression equations were used to relate 2D measurements with age. In addition, 3D lung volumes were segmented using CT scans, and power regression equations were fitted to predict each lung's CT-derived volume from 2D lung measurements. The coefficient of determination (R2 ) and standard error of the estimate (SEE) were used to assess the precision of the predictive equations with p

Background Monitoring of decrease in fibrinogen levels with surgical blood loss is crucial for timely transfusion of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) to avoid coagulopathic bleeding. Here, we validated a simulation model to predict hemorrhagic reductions in fibrinogen levels during major noncardiac surgery. Methods We retrospectively performed exponential regression analysis of intraoperative blood loss and fibrinogen levels to develop a simulation model in the initial 50 patients and applied the model to another 59 patients to compare the measured and simulated fibrinogen levels. We examined the relationship between FFP transfusion and the measured fibrinogen levels or blood loss. The fibrinogen trigger level of FFP transfusion was below 130 mg/dL, although the decision of a perioperative blood transfusion was at the discretion of the anesthesiologists and surgeons. Results Application of the simulation model based on the initial 50 patients to another 59 patients showed no difference between the measured and estimated fibrinogen levels (189 ± 61 versus 186 ± 62, P = 0.60, mean difference: −2.28, limits of agreement: −69.42 to 64.84). The estimated fibrinogen level (mg/dL) = preoperative fibrinogen × exp (−1.90 × [blood loss/estimated circulation volume]), in which the estimated circulation volume = (70 [mL/kg] × body weight [kg]). FFP transfusion was significantly related to the measured fibrinogen level (cutoff: 145; 95% confidence intervals: 124-168; P = 0.0003) but not blood loss (P = 0.12). Conclusions Fibrinogen level simulation predicted a hemorrhagic fibrinogen decline, thereby guiding FFP transfusion during active surgical bleeding. Further studies on the usefulness of fibrinogen level simulation are warranted.

Purpose In spinal surgery, surgical site infections (SSI) after dorsal spondylodesis lead to severe short- and long-term complications. Despite various clinical and serological evidence, the detection of a postoperative SSI remains crucial. In this retrospective cohort study, we determined the prognostic value of C-reactive protein (CRP) kinetics after open reduction and dorsal spondylodesis in the development of a SSI. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 192 patients from 2016 to 2018 undergoing open reduction and dorsal spondylodesis with and without SSI for 20 days at a level-I trauma center and assessed their serological and clinical characteristics. Results On day 7 and 8 after surgery, patients who developed a SSI displayed significantly higher CRP levels. A second peak after the initial maximum of CRP and a restricted failure to decline as well as a maximum CRP of more than 225 mg/l predict an infectious complication with a sensitivity of 92.9%, and a specificity of 78.2%. A binary logistic regression leads to 85.7% and 69.7%, respectively. A one-phase decay exponential regression can predict 75.6% of the variance after the initial peak of CRP. Conclusion Our study demonstrates a high value of postoperative CRP kinetics in SSI detection after dorsal spondylodesis. Moreover, we observed typical CRP levels with a specific course as indicative predictors that may facilitate an early SSI detection in clinical practice.

The purpose of the study was to define the most appropriate method for the calculation of the speed corresponding to lactate threshold (sLT) in male swimmers. Eight boys and eight adolescents (age: 11.4±0.5 and 15.8±0.8 years) performed 7×200-m swimming front-crawl and after drawing the speed vs. lactate curve, the sLTs were calculated using five methods: i) the intersection of two linear regression lines, ii) visual inspection, iii) D-max, iv) D-max modified, v) intersection of combined linear and exponential regression lines. All methods were compared to the speed corresponding to maximal lactate steady state (sMLSS). Two to four 30-min efforts of continuous swimming at imposed constant pace were used for sMLSS calculation. In both groups, speed of D-max modified was similar to sMLSS (children, 1.061±0.073 vs. sMLSS: 1.071±0.072 m·s−1; p>0.05; effect size: ES=0.15, small; adolescents, 1.318±0.060 vs. sMLSS: 1.284±0.047 m·s−1; p>0.05; ES=0.64, medium). In adolescents, sLT calculated by intersection of two regression lines and by visual inspection presented medium ES (0.22–0.24) and were no different to sMLSS (1.296 ± 0.051, 1.295±0.053 m·s−1, p>0.05). When testing children, D-max modified is the most appropriate method to estimate sMLSS. The intersection of the linear regression lines and visual inspection are suggested for sMLSS determination in adolescents.

This article quantitatively presents the relationship between volume of BME publications produced from 1990 to 2019 in the member states of the ASEAN and 12 indicators of overall and physical health. The objective was to show that ASEAN states that recognize BME as an academic and professional discipline have been successful in producing research in the field, and thus, have advanced the provision of high-quality healthcare for their people. Acceptable relationships [Pearson correlation coefficients (PCC) > 0.6000] were found between BME publication volume and all indicators. Stronger relationships (PCC > 0.7000) were found between BME publication volume and the natural logarithm of the indicators. Brunei data behaved anomalously and was removed to check for any improvements in PCC. Indeed, PCCs for all indicators improved significantly upon exclusion of Brunei data [PCC > 0.8000 for six indicators (linear scale), PCC > 0.9000 for five indicators (log scale)]. These PCCs signify especially strong relationships between BME research yield and healthcare quality in a country. To visualize the relationships, BME publication volume was plotted against GDP per capita, while the remaining 11 indicators were each plotted against BME publication volume. Linear, logarithmic, and exponential regression curves were overlaid on the datapoints. Coefficients of determination (R2) were calculated to measure the aptness of the fits. $\text{R}^{2} >0.9000$ for two indicators, $\text{R}^{2} >0.8000$ for five indicators, $\text{R}^{2} >0.7000$ for four indicators, and $\text{R}^{2} for only one indicator were calculated from the curve fits overlaid on the datapoints excluding Brunei data. We believe that it is time for the Philippines to adopt BME as an academic and professional discipline, so that it may one day enjoy the benefits brought about by advancements in the provision of healthcare, which are experienced by its neighbors that have gone ahead with movements to cultivate the highly essential discipline.

The censored exponential regression model is commonly used for modeling lifetime data. In this paper, we derive a simple matrix formula for the second-order covariance matrix of the maximum likelih...

Durum wheat is mainly used in pasta production, but may also be used as animal feed, for example as concentrate for dairy cows. Data on the ruminal degradation of Durum grains are scarce. Hence, the objective of the present study was to describe ruminal in situ crude protein (CP) and starch (ST) degradation, to investigate in vitro gas production kinetics, and to estimate utilisable CP at the duodenum (uCP) in vitro of five Durum varieties from three growing locations. Metabolisable energy (ME) and digestibility of organic matter (dOM) were also estimated using in vitro data. In situ incubations were conducted in three lactating jersey cows over defined timespans from 1 to 72 hr. Ruminal degradation parameters were estimated using exponential regression, and effective ruminal degradation was predicted for a ruminal passage rate of 8%/hr (ED8 ). In situ CP (a = 11%-19%; b = 80%-88%; c = 23%-33%/hr) and ST (a = 22%-39%; b = 60%-78%; c = 61%-123%/hr) degradation kinetics varied among samples and were influenced by location. Some samples showed a remarkably high ST degradation rate of up to 123%/h, which can significantly influence rumen pH and health when high amounts are incorporated into dairy rations. However, the ED of CP (77%-82%) and ST (91%-95%), and the in vitro estimates of ME (13.6-14.1 MJ/kg DM), dOM (92%-96%), and uCP (183-195 k/g DM) varied within a relatively small range. Hence, it may be adequate to use the mean values of these Durum grain characteristics when rations for ruminants are calculated and a differentiation depending on variety and location may not be necessary.

Objectives With only limited information available on dimensional changes after jaw cyst surgery, postoperative cyst shrinkage remains largely unpredictable. We aimed to propose a model for volumetric shrinkage based on time elapsed since cyst surgery. Material and methods We used data from patients that underwent cyst enucleation or decompression between 2007 and 2017 and had at least three computed tomography (CT) scans per patient. We fitted one simple exponential decay model [V(t) = V0 · e−ɑt] and one model with a patient-specific decay rate [Vk(t) = V0 · e−βt + γkt]. Results Based on 108 CT scans from 36 patients (median age at surgery: 45.5 years, IQR: 32.3–55.3, 44% female), our simple exponential decay model is V(t) = V0· e−0.0035t where V(t) is the residual cyst volume after time t elapsed since surgery, V0 is the initial cyst volume, and e is the base of the natural logarithm. Considering a patient-specific decay rate, the model is Vk(t) = V0· e−0.0049t + γkt where γk is normally distributed, with expectation 0 and standard deviation 0.0041. Conclusions Using an exponential regression model, we were able to reliably estimate volumetric shrinkage after jaw cyst surgery. The patient-specific decay rate substantially improved the fit of the model, whereas adding specific covariates as interaction effects to model the decay rate did not provide any significant improvement. Clinical relevance Estimating postoperative cyst shrinkage is relevant for both treatment planning of jaw cyst surgery as well as evaluating the clinical success of the surgical approach.

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo es calcular la capacidad de captura de CO2 del relicto boscoso de la Universidad del Quindío que recibe el nombre de "Jardín Botánico Cedro Rosado" a través de técnicas que integran mediciones in situ y teledetección. En esta primera fase se obtendrán las imágenes multiespectrales, índices de vegetación diferencial normalizado (NDVI), mejorado (EVI) y ajustado al suelo, (SAVI), y la clasificación basada en objetos. En una segunda fase se medirán variables arbóreas y se estimarán las variables biofísicas índice de área foliar (LAI) y fracción de radiación activa fotosintéticamente absorbida (Fapar) con el instrumento Tracing Radiation and Architecture of Canopies (Trac) para correlacionarlas con los índices de vegetación. Esto definirá las constantes del modelo exponencial de regresión a través del establecimiento de la ecuación alométrica local, para interpolar la biomasa contenida en la zona de estudio y relacionarla con su capacidad de almacenamiento de CO2. Abstract The objective of this study is to calculate the capacity of CO2 capture from the forest relict of the University of Quindio "Jardín Botânico Cedro Rosado" through the use of techniques that integrate in situ measurements with remote sensing. In the first phase, multispectral images, Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI), Improved Vegetation Index (EVI), Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), and object-based classification will be obtained. In the second phase, tree variables will be measured, and Leaf Area Index (LAI) and the Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (Fapar) biophysical variables will be estimated with the Tracing Radiation and Architecture of Canopies (TRAC) optical instrument, in order to correlate them with the vegetation indexes. This will define the constants of the exponential regression model defining the local allometric equation, which will interpolate the biomass in the entire image. Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho é calcular a capacidade de captura de CO2 do relicto arborizado da Universidad del Quindío que recebe o nome de "Jardim Botânico Cedro Rosado" por meio de técnicas que integram medidas in situ e detecção remota. Nessa primeira fase, serão obtidas as imagens multiespectrais, índices de vegetação diferencial normalizada (NDVI), melhorado (EVI) e ajustado ao solo (SAVI), e a classificação baseada em objetos. Numa segunda fase, serão medidas variáveis arbóreas e serão estimadas as variâveis biofísicas índice de ârea foliar (LAI) e a fração de radiação fotossinteticamente ativa absorvida (Fapar) com o instrumento Tracing Radiation and Architecture of Canopies (Trac) para correlacioná-las com os índices de vegetação. Isso definirá as constantes do modelo exponencial de regressão por meio do estabelecimento da equação alométrica local, para interpolar a biomassa contida na zona de estudo e relacionar com sua capacidade de armazenamento de CO2.

This paper deals with the issue of testing hypotheses in the censored exponential regression model in small and moderate-sized samples. We focus on four tests, namely the Wald, likelihood ratio, sc...

In this study, we undertake a corpus-based analysis of the verbal periphrasis construction estar ‘be’ +gerund in Spanish. In the literature, there is evidence to support that this periphrasis is relatively late in acquisition (Jackson-Maldonado & Maldonado, 2002) and that it appears rapidly, with no apparent gradual development (Ponce, 2008). We tested the following hypotheses: 1) The acquisition of this periphrasis is influenced by Child Directed Speech frequency; 2) The acquisition of the verbal estar ‘be’ periphrasis is relatively late but seemingly sudden since it is supported by already acquired locative and adjectival estar ‘be’ constructions. To test the first hypothesis we measured both token and cumulative type frequency of use of the estar ‘be’+ gerund verbal periphrases of all three caretakers against the children’s periphrases, using a Pearson correlation analysis. To test the second hypothesis we applied a lineal and exponential regression method, making use of the cumulative type frequency of each estar ‘be’ construction. Type frequency is strongly correlated only when Child Directed Speech is correlated with dense data. However, the children’s periphrases are strongly correlated with the Child Directed Speech when using cumulative type frequency (once per month). On the other hand, the prior locative construction seems to support the acquisition of this aspectual periphrasis.

In this paper, we introduce a new two-parameter distribution, called log-weighted exponential (log-WE) distribution, defined on the unit interval. Some of the statistical properties of the ...

It is demonstrated that the mle for the exponential regression model is Fisher consistent up to a scale factor under arbitrary frailty, a large class of cumulated hazards and normal regressors. Comparative simulations show good properties of the estimator.

Oxidation stability and useful applications of seed oils from Prunus amygdalus, Dyacrodes edulis and Chrysophyllum albidium were studied. FT-IR analyses showed that the seed oils were made up of prevalent double bonds (C C, C H) and R1 C(OR) O which were attributed to unsaturation while GC–MS analyses showed that the seed oils belong to the oleic category. Saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids contents were: 25.71%, 33.56% and 22.12%; 58.02%, 59.88% and 55.05%; 15.50%, 6.01% and 22.25% while the physico-chemical parameters were: saponification value: 165.50, 250.72 and 201.66; specific gravity: 0.8552, 0.8885 and 0.8346; acid value: 2.811, 6.57 and 2.88 mgKOH/g; flash point: 157, 149 and 135 °C; cloud point: 2, 10 and −3 °C; oil yield: 60.15, 55.70 and 13.36% for P. amygdalus, D. edulis and C. albidium seed oils respectively. Exponential regression model developed described the variation of oxidative stability of the seed oils against storage time and the analysis of variance validated the model with low root mean squared error (RMSE): 0.5923

Ovomucin is known to be critical for keeping the high quality and freshness of thick albumen, but there is lack of understanding on the dynamics changes of this important protein during storage. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ovomucin content and egg freshness during storage. Firstly, the viscoelasticity of albumen was shown to be much higher than that of ovomucin-depleted albumen from rheological analysis results, indicating that ovomucin is an important component in maintaining the natural viscoelasticity of albumen. Then, the ovomucin content determined by ELISA method was compared to albumen pH, Haugh unit (HU), and yolk index in terms of egg white quality and to the time of storage in terms of egg freshness at 4°C, 25°C, and 37°C, respectively. Results of the transformation kinetic showed a decrease in ovomucin content with prolonged storage time (P ≤ 0.01). Correlation analysis showed a high positive correlation between ovomucin content and HU (P ≤ 0.01) and a high negative correlation between ovomucin content and the albumen pH (P ≤ 0.01) at the test temperatures. We therefore conclude that ovomucin content in albumen can be used as an index for egg freshness. At last, predictive models of the equivalent egg age (4°C and 25°C) for evaluating the egg freshness were established by means of exponential regression model with ovomucin content as the variable. These results can provide a theoretical and technical basis for the storage and fresh evaluation of shell eggs.