5,370 results on '"Extraversion, Psychological"'
Search Results
2. Changes in personality traits in patients with Alzheimer's Disease
- Author
-
Kaoue Fonseca Lopes, Valéria Santoro Bahia, Jean Carlos Natividade, Rafael Valdece Sousa Bastos, Wanderley Akira Shiguti, Kátia Estevão Rodrigues da Silva, and Wânia Cristina de Souza
- Subjects
Alzheimer Disease ,Personality Inventory ,Mental Status and Dementia Tests ,Neuroticism ,Extraversion, Psychological ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
ABSTRACT. Changes in personality traits in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are extremely common throughout the course of the pathology, and these behavioral changes present themselves as challenges in clinical management and as a significant cause of caregivers’ burden. Objective: Using a personality inventory based on the five-factor model of personality, this study aimed to assesses the change in these factors by comparing the premorbid and current personality of individuals recently diagnosed with AD. Methods: A total of 30 AD patients were recruited, and their respective family members responded to the personality inventory at home through a hosted site. The patients were also divided into two groups according to the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): mild dementia (CDR 1) and moderate dementia (CDR 2). Results: Among all patients, there was a significant increase in neuroticism factor levels and a significant decrease in the extraversion, conscientiousness, openness, and socialization factors. When comparing the groups, only the extraversion factor showed a difference, with CDR 1 group accusing a higher change in scores. Higher scores in the factor neuroticism in the premorbid personality correlated with the current severity of the disease. Conclusions: This research draws the attention of family members and health professionals to changes in personality traits or behavior of relatives or patients, because it can reflect an underlying neurodegenerative process.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. AI can see you: Machiavellianism and extraversion are reflected in eye-movements.
- Author
-
Tsigeman E, Zemliak V, Likhanov M, Papageorgiou KA, and Kovas Y
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Adolescent, Surveys and Questionnaires, Algorithms, Personality physiology, Eye-Tracking Technology, Eye Movements physiology, Extraversion, Psychological, Machine Learning, Machiavellianism
- Abstract
Introduction: Recent studies showed an association between personality traits and individual patterns of visual behaviour in laboratory and other settings. The current study extends previous research by measuring multiple personality traits in natural settings; and by comparing accuracy of prediction of multiple machine learning algorithms., Methods: Adolescent participants (N = 35) completed personality questionnaires (Big Five Inventory and Short Dark Triad Questionnaire) and visited an interactive museum while their eye movements were recorded with head-mounted eye tracking. To predict personality traits the eye-movement data was analysed using eight machine-learning methods: Random Forest, Adaboost, Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine, Logistic Regression, k Nearest Neighbours, Decision Tree and a three-layer Perceptron., Results and Discussion: Extracted eye movement features introduced to machine learning algorithms predicted personality traits with above 33% chance accuracy (34%-48%). This result is comparable to previous ecologically valid studies, but lower than in laboratory-based research. Better prediction was achieved for Machiavellianism and Extraversion compared to other traits (10 and 9 predictions above the chance level by different algorithms from different parts of the recording). Conscientiousness, Narcissism and Psychopathy were not reliably predicted from eye movements. These differences in predictability across traits might be explained by differential activation of different traits in different situations, such as new vs. familiar, exciting vs. boring, and complex vs. simple settings. In turn, different machine learning approaches seem to be better at capturing specific gaze patterns (e.g. saccades), associated with specific traits evoked by the situation. Further research is needed to gain better insights into trait-situation-algorithm interactions., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Tsigeman et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Personality traits and self-control: The moderating role of neuroticism.
- Author
-
Nilsen FA, Bang H, and Røysamb E
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Male, Young Adult, Adult, Extraversion, Psychological, Adolescent, Personality Inventory, Neuroticism, Self-Control psychology, Personality physiology
- Abstract
Self-control is important for mental and physical health, and personality traits are vital antecedents for self-control. Previous studies suggest that conscientiousness and extraversion enhance self-control, whereas neuroticism hampers it. However, the link between personality and self-control has mostly been studied using a narrow conceptualization of self-control, as the ability to resist impulses, thus excluding initiatory self-control. Also, no studies have examined whether and how personality traits interact with one another to increase, or reduce, self-control. Data were collected on two occasions from 480 military cadets (31.04% female) to examine the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and self-control (general, inhibitory, and initiatory self-control). Furthermore, the study investigated the moderating role of neuroticism, as a trait and as individual facets, on the relationship between the other personality traits and self-control. Although neuroticism correlated negatively with all self-control dimensions, there were unique relations only with general and inhibitory self-control. Extraversion correlated positively with all self-control dimensions but was only uniquely related to initiatory self-control. Conscientiousness correlated positively with all self-control dimensions and this pattern persisted when we assessed the unique effects. Openness to experience and agreeableness correlated positively with general and inhibitory self-control but had no unique effects on any of the self-control dimensions. Neuroticism negatively moderated the relationship between extraversion and both general and inhibitory self-control, and the relationship between conscientiousness and both general and initiatory self-control. The facet-level analysis confirmed the general patterns and provided further detail on which facets of neuroticism were the most influential as moderators. In conclusion, the study highlights the critical role of different types of self-control, and that neuroticism plays a cardinal role for the effects of conscientiousness and extraversion on self-control., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Nilsen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Protective and vulnerability personality traits associated with PTSD diagnosis after preterm delivery.
- Author
-
Grand L, Hammami S, Bourdon S, Demarly Drumelle C, Auer J, Rolland AC, Eutrope J, and Olivier M
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Adult, Pregnancy, Neuroticism, Mothers psychology, Extraversion, Psychological, Young Adult, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic psychology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic diagnosis, Premature Birth psychology, Personality
- Abstract
Giving birth prematurely is a traumatic event that has many consequences for the mother but also for her baby and their family. Studies have shown that about a quarter of these mothers will suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a result. This study aims to identify internal personality factors associated with the development of PTSD in mothers who gave birth before 33 weeks. The results revealed significant correlations between two personality dimensions (neuroticism and extraversion) and the likeliness of developing PTSD in mothers who gave birth prematurely. Neuroticism is positively liked with the disorder while extraversion is negatively correlated with it. Studies should now focus on early detection of PTSD and better interventions for these mothers., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Grand et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. The roles of extraversion and neuroticism in the relationship between childhood adversity and adolescent substance misuse.
- Author
-
Davies JN, Harty SC, and Boden JM
- Subjects
- Humans, Adolescent, Female, Male, Longitudinal Studies, Child, Risk Factors, Adolescent Behavior, Extraversion, Psychological, Substance-Related Disorders epidemiology, Neuroticism, Adverse Childhood Experiences statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Although the influences of extraversion and neuroticism on the relationship between childhood adversity and substance misuse have been considered in adults, they are not yet clear and have not been examined among adolescent samples. This study sought to investigate the relationship between childhood adversity and adolescent substance misuse, alongside the influences of extraversion and neuroticism, using data from a longitudinal birth cohort study. Statistical analyses were performed on a longitudinal dataset provided by the Christchurch Health and Development Study (CHDS). After controlling for confounds, childhood adversity was a significant predictor of substance use disorder symptoms in adolescence. Moderation analyses showed that experiences of childhood adversity were most strongly associated with adolescent substance use disorder symptoms at higher levels of extraversion and at higher levels of neuroticism. Among adolescents who have experienced childhood adversity, extraversion and neuroticism may be risk factors for substance use disorder. By encouraging professionals to target adolescent substance misuse intervention and prevention approaches towards those who have experienced childhood adversity and are high in extraversion and/or neuroticism, these findings may help to diminish the prevalence of adolescent substance misuse and improve the health of adolescents., (© 2024 The Authors Personality and Mental Health Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Common genetic and environmental bases of the mental disorders and personality traits: Special focus on the hierarchical model of psychopathology and NEO-PI-R facets.
- Author
-
Mitrović D, Mihić L, Sadiković S, and Smederevac S
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Adult, Personality Inventory, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Gene-Environment Interaction, Neuroticism, Phenotype, Twins, Monozygotic genetics, Personality Disorders genetics, Twins, Dizygotic genetics, Extraversion, Psychological, Personality genetics, Mental Disorders genetics
- Abstract
Objective: This study examined whether phenotypic correlations between psychopathological dimensions and personality traits of different hierarchical levels originate from common genetic and environmental sources of variance., Method: Participants were 386 monozygotic and 204 dizygotic twins. The Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire (PDSQ) was applied along with the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). The results of the CFA confirmed the hypothesis of the internalizing and externalizing dimensions underlying PDSQ scales., Results: The results indicated a significantly greater role of genetic compared to environmental factors in the relationship between internalizing psychopathology and personality traits. Facets of neuroticism showed positive genetic links with internalizing disorders, while negative genetic links were shown for all facets of extraversion except excitement-seeking, competence, self-discipline, achievement striving, actions, and trust. Lower-order personality traits were shown to be associated with internalizing disorders more intensively than the broader domains to which they belong, both at the phenotypic and genetic levels., Conclusions: High neuroticism, together with several facets from the domain of extraversion and conscientiousness seems to represent an increased genetic susceptibility to the disorders from the internalizing spectrum. Results also suggest that specific environmental factors which are not shared with personality traits contribute to the internalizing symptoms., (© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Intrinsic functional connectivity mediates the effect of personality traits on depressive symptoms.
- Author
-
Lee ZL, Siew SKH, and Yu J
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Male, Adult, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Brain diagnostic imaging, Brain physiopathology, Nerve Net physiopathology, Nerve Net diagnostic imaging, Depression physiopathology, Personality physiology, Neuroticism, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Extraversion, Psychological
- Abstract
Background: Personality traits have been proposed as risk factors for depressive symptoms. However, the neural mechanism behind these relationships is unclear. This study examined the possible mediating effect of resting-state functional connectivity networks on these relationships., Methods: Data from 153 healthy Germans were obtained from the MPI-Leipzig Mind-Brain-Body: Neuroanatomy & Connectivity Protocol database. Network-based statistics were used to identify significant functional connectivity networks that were positively and negatively associated with the personality traits of neuroticism, conscientiousness, and extraversion, with and without demographical covariates. Mediation analyses were performed for each personality trait and depressive symptoms with the significant positive and negative network strengths of the respective personality traits as mediators., Results: Neuroticism, conscientiousness, and extraversion were significantly correlated with depressive symptoms. Network-based statistics identified patterns of functional connectivity that were significantly associated with neuroticism and conscientiousness. After controlling for demographical covariates, significant conscientiousness-associated and extraversion-associated networks emerged. Mediation analysis concluded that only the neuroticism-positive network mediated the effect of neuroticism on depressive symptoms. When age and sex were controlled, the extraversion-positive network completely mediated the effect of extraversion on depressive symptoms., Conclusions: These findings revealed that patterns of intrinsic functional networks predict personality traits and suggest that the relationship between personality traits and depressive symptoms may in part be due to their common patterns of intrinsic functional networks., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2024 Lee et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Exploring the retrospective and prospective associations between the big five personality traits and clinical diagnosis of angina in middle-aged and older adults.
- Author
-
Kang W
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Prospective Studies, Longitudinal Studies, Neuroticism, Extraversion, Psychological, Personality Inventory, Self Report, Angina Pectoris psychology, Angina Pectoris diagnosis, Personality
- Abstract
Objective: The goal of the present research was to test the retrospective and prospective associations between the Big Five personality traits and clinical diagnosis of angina while controlling for demographic characteristics., Methods: Data from middle-aged and older adults from a cohort study Understanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) were extracted and analyzed using binary logistic regressions (N = 10,124 for the retrospective study and N = 5485 for the prospective study). Personality was measured using a self-report 15-item version of the Big Five inventory between 2011 and 2012. Angina was measured by a self-report clinical diagnosis history question in each wave from until 2019. Covariates in our models included age, sex, income (monthly), education, and marital status., Results: Neuroticism was positively related to the likelihood of clinical angina diagnosis in both the retrospective (OR = 1.22, 95% C.I. [1.11, 1.34]) and the prospective (OR = 1.52, 95% C.I. [1.19, 1.94]) study whereas Extraversion had a positive association with odds of angina (OR = 1.52, 95% C.I. [1.17, 1.97]) in the prospective study only. The negative association between Openness and clinical angina diagnosis in the cross-sectional analysis is borderline significant (OR = 0.91, p = 0.048, 95% C.I. [0.83, 1.00])., Conclusion: Our research indicated that personality traits are associated with the risk of angina. These findings emphasize the importance of considering personality traits in understanding the etiology of angina and potentially informing personalized prevention and intervention strategies., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Personality traits as predictors of recovery among patients with substance use disorder.
- Author
-
Fodstad EC, Erga AH, Pallesen S, Ushakova A, and Erevik EK
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Adult, Longitudinal Studies, Middle Aged, Personality Inventory, Neuroticism, Extraversion, Psychological, Substance-Related Disorders psychology, Personality physiology
- Abstract
Introduction: Substance use disorder (SUD) is often considered a chronic illness in which prolonged recovery, in terms of abstinence, is uncommon. Personality has been found to predict recovery, but not much is known about its long-term predictive ability as the majority of previous studies have had short follow-up periods (≥ one year). The current longitudinal cohort study therefore investigated whether personality traits predict short- (STR) as well as long-term recovery (LTR) in SUD patients., Methods: Treatment-seeking patients with SUD (n = 123) completed the NEO Personality Inventory - Revised. STR and LTR categories were defined as scoring <8 on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test - C and <2 on the Drug Use Disorder Identification Test - C at the one-year and 6-8-year follow-up, respectively. Whether personality traits predicted outcome was investigated by two-tailed independent samples t-tests, α < 0.05. Additional analysis was conducted with latent growth curve model., Results: Neuroticism (inversely, p = .004, d = 0.55) and Extraversion (p = .04, d = 0.38) predicted STR (n = 114). Although not significant the effect size for Conscientiousness was above the cut-off for a practical significant effect (d = 0.31). No traits predicted LTR category. Still, the effect sizes for LTR regarding Neuroticism (d = 0.36), Extraversion (d = 0.21) and Conscientiousness (d = 0.27) indicated that these traits have relevance for LTR. The latent growth curve model indicated that these traits predicted the short-term use of drugs and long-term use of alcohol in this cohort dominated by patients suffering from severe poly-SUD., Conclusion: Personality traits predict recovery. The effect sizes indicate that more studies with larger samples on personality traits and LTR are required to understand their possible influences on the recovery process., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors report that there are no competing interests to declare., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. How HEXACO personality traits are involved in school performance of middle school adolescents (10-14 years).
- Author
-
Sergi I, Ariemma L, Gallucci M, Gnisci A, Marcone R, Perugini M, Senese VP, and Mottola F
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Adolescent, Child, Students psychology, Extraversion, Psychological, Italy, Personality physiology, Academic Performance statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
This paper aimed at investigating the relationship between HEXACO personality traits and academic performance in two samples of Italian 10-14 years old middle-school adolescents (N = 714 and N = 1093) using Multilevel Mixed Models. The main results show that: 1) Conscientiousness and Openness to Experience were the most important predictors of school performance, followed by Honesty-Humility; 2) a modest effect was present also for eXtraversion and Emotionality; 3) these influences occurred net of the influence of gender and class and could be generalized to male and female adolescents across 6
th , 7th and 8th grade; 5) Perfectionism, Diligence and Prudence within Conscientiousness, Inquisitiveness within Openness, and Sincerity within Honesty-Humility were the facets more correlated with school performance; 6) results were replicated in two studies. Results are discussed and conclusions are drawn., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Popularity at first sight: Dominant behaviours mediate the link between extraversion and popularity in face-to-face and virtual group interactions.
- Author
-
Buss M, Wagner J, Bleckmann E, and Wieczorek LL
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Adult, Young Adult, Social Interaction, Social Desirability, Interpersonal Relations, Social Dominance, Adolescent, Assertiveness, Extraversion, Psychological
- Abstract
Although there is robust evidence that being more extraverted is related to higher popularity, only few studies have examined which actual behaviours (e.g., verbal content, body language) might explain this association. The current study examined whether observer-rated dominant behaviours (nonverbal, paraverbal, verbal, and general cues) mediate the relationship between self-rated extraversion and its facets (assertiveness, sociability, and activity) and other-rated popularity in zero-acquaintance settings. In two studies, we analysed data from face-to-face (Study 1, N = 124) and virtual (Study 2, N = 291) group interactions where participants were videotaped while performing a task and subsequently rated each other on popularity. Across studies, extraversion and the facets assertiveness and sociability were consistently associated with higher popularity, while the role of dominant behaviours differed. In Study 1, only two nonverbal behaviours, dominant gestures and upright posture, mediated the association between extraversion and popularity. In Study 2, all four types of behavioural cues mediated the association between extraversion (facets) and popularity. We discuss how these findings provide insights into the mechanisms of attaining popularity at zero acquaintance in diverse social settings., (© 2024 The Authors. British Journal of Social Psychology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Psychological Society.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Female students' personality and stress response to an academic examination.
- Author
-
Garces-Arilla S, Fidalgo C, Mendez-Lopez M, Osma J, Peiro T, Salvador A, and Hidalgo V
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Young Adult, Adult, Educational Measurement statistics & numerical data, Neuroticism, Academic Performance psychology, Academic Performance statistics & numerical data, Saliva chemistry, Extraversion, Psychological, Stress, Psychological psychology, Students psychology, Students statistics & numerical data, Hydrocortisone analysis, Personality
- Abstract
Background: Women are vulnerable to stress-related disorders. Examinations are a source of stress, triggering emotional, cognitive, and hormonal responses. We examined women's psychological and hormonal stress responses and academic performance according to personality during a real-life examination., Methods: Female students ( N = 66) were divided into two groups based on hierarchical cluster analysis: one cluster characterized by high neuroticism and moderate extraversion (HN-ME; n = 42) and the other by low neuroticism and high extraversion (LN-HE; n = 24). Academic performance, perceived stress, and emotional dysregulation were analyzed. State anxiety, affect, and cortisol release were measured before and on the examination day., Results: The HN-ME cluster was high in perceived stress, emotional dysregulation, and negative affect. This cluster also had higher state anxiety levels two days before and shortly after the examination compared to the LN-HE cluster. Students' cortisol levels were higher on the examination day, and there was a marginal significance of the Cluster factor in the cortisol release regardless of the day of measurement., Conclusions: Women with high neuroticism and moderate extraversion may be more vulnerable to psychological stress in academic settings but similar to other women in their cortisol response.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Personality traits as predictors of depression across the lifespan.
- Author
-
Yang Z, Li A, Roske C, Alexander N, and Gabbay V
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Adult, Middle Aged, Adolescent, Aged, Child, Young Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Depression psychology, Depression epidemiology, Neuroticism, Comorbidity, Anxiety psychology, Anxiety epidemiology, Extraversion, Psychological, Introversion, Psychological, Anxiety Disorders psychology, Anxiety Disorders epidemiology, Personality, Machine Learning
- Abstract
Background: Depression is a major public health concern. A barrier for research has been the heterogeneous nature of depression, complicated by the categorical diagnosis of depression which is based on a cluster of symptoms, each with its own etiology. To address the multifactorial etiology of depression and its high comorbidity with anxiety, we aimed to examine the relations between personality traits, diverse behavioral, cognitive and physical measures, and depression and anxiety over the lifespan., Method: Our sample was drawn from the NKI-RS, a community-based lifespan sample (N = 1494 participants aged 6 to 85). Analyses included multivariate approach and general linear models for group comparisons and dimensional analyses, respectively. A machine learning model was trained to predict depression using many factors including personality traits., Results: Depression and anxiety were both characterized by increased neuroticism and introversion, but did not differ between themselves. Comorbidity had an additive effect on personality vulnerability. Dimensionally, depression was only associated with personality in adolescence, where it was positively correlated with neuroticism, and negatively correlated with extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. The relationship between anxiety and personality changed over time, with neuroticism and conscientiousness being the most salient traits. Our machine learning model predicted depression with 70 % accuracy with neuroticism and extraversion contributing most., Limitations: Due to the cross-sectional design, conclusions cannot be drawn about causal relationships between personality and depression., Conclusion: These results underscore the impact of personality on depressive disorders and provide novel insights on how personality contributes to depression across the lifespan., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no competing interests to declare., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Personality traits moderate associations between word recall and subjective memory.
- Author
-
Hill PL, Pfund GN, Cruitt PJ, Spears I, Norton SA, Bogdan R, and Oltmanns TF
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Male, Aged, Metacognition physiology, Extraversion, Psychological, Middle Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging physiology, Personality physiology, Mental Recall physiology
- Abstract
Cognitive gerontology research requires consideration of performance as well as perceptions of performance. While subjective memory is positively associated with memory performance, these correlations typically are modest in magnitude, leading to the need to consider whether certain people may show weaker or stronger linkages between performance and perceptions. The current study leveraged personality (NEO Big Five), memory performance (i.e., word recall), and perceptions of memory ability (i.e., metamemory in adulthood and memory decline) data from the St. Louis Personality and Aging Network (SPAN) study ( n = 774, mean age: 71.52 years). Extraversion and conscientiousness held the most consistent associations with the cognitive variables of interest, as both traits were positively associated with metamemory and word recall, but negatively associated with subjective decline. Moreover, extraversion moderated associations between word recall and both memory capacity and complaints, insofar that objective-subjective associations were weaker for those adults higher in extraversion. These findings highlight the need to understand how personality influences the sources of information employed for subjective cognitive beliefs.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Sex-specific psychological risk profiles of CVD in the HUNT study: the role of neuroticism and extraversion.
- Author
-
Karlsen HR and Langvik E
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Aged, Norway epidemiology, Sex Factors, Adult, Myocardial Infarction psychology, Risk Factors, Stroke psychology, Extraversion, Psychological, Neuroticism, Cardiovascular Diseases psychology, Depression psychology, Anxiety Disorders psychology, Anxiety Disorders epidemiology
- Abstract
Objective: The aim was to investigate psychological risk profiles of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Depression and anxiety have been linked to CVD, but research has not incorporated personality and sex-specific analyses are warranted. In this study, we examine the role of sex, neuroticism, extraversion, anxiety and depression on the risk of CVD., Method: Using data from the HUNT-study and the mortality register, 32,383 (57.10% men) participants were followed for an average of 10.48 years. During this time, 142 died of myocardial infarction (MI) and 111 of stroke., Results: Cox regression showed that depression (HR = 1.07, 95% CI = [1.00, 1.14]) and neuroticism (1.23 [1.08, 1.40]) were significantly related to an increased risk of MI. One standard unit increase in depression and neuroticism was associated with 1.22 [CI 1.01, 1.47] increase and 1.43 [CI 1.14, 0.78] increase in the risk of MI respectively. For stroke, there was no significant effect of anxiety, depression or personality. However, we found a significant interaction effect between sex and extraversion where higher extraversion was associated with greater risk of stroke for women only., Conclusions: Both neuroticism and depression were related to MI. We observed an interaction between extraversion and sex with stroke, but the effect size was small. The role of extroversion as a risk factor for CVD remains inconclusive.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Predicting physical activity by the personality styles of the five-factor model.
- Author
-
Weiss A, Costa PT, Collins KA, Ross LM, Huffman KM, Wolever RQ, Smith PJ, Hauser ER, Jiang R, Jakicic JM, Kraus WE, and Siegler IC
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Adult, Extraversion, Psychological, Aged, Neuroticism, Prospective Studies, Exercise psychology, Personality, Personality Inventory
- Abstract
Objective: Low neuroticism, high extraversion, and high conscientiousness are related to physical activity (PA). We tested whether the small size and heterogeneity of these relationships result because personality traits influence one another as well as because some narrow facets rather than the broad domains contain more specific variance relevant to PA., Method: Participants were men and women enrolled in the University of North Carolina Alumni Heart Study who completed the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and reported their past month's average activity on an 8-point scale. In Study 1, we examined prospective correlations between the five NEO-PI-R domains and PA. In Studies 2 and 3, we used multinomial logistic regression to examine associations between PA and trait pair combinations (personality styles) controlling for age, sex, educational achievement, relationship status, and depression., Results: Study 1 revealed that lower neuroticism (N) and agreeableness (A) and higher conscientiousness (C) predicted more PA. Taken together, Studies 2 and 3 found that the combination of high Extraversion (E) and high openness (O) was related to higher PA and that combinations of low E and high A and low E and low C were related to lower PA. Study 3, which examined the activity facet of E (E4), found that E4 is an important driver of E-PA associations., Conclusions: Personality traits do not operate in isolation. They may influence how other traits are expressed and such nonadditive effects can impact PA. Assessment of personality styles could help to identify individuals at risk for PA avoidance and may be useful for developing personalized interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Extravert Surgical Resident Applicants Get Higher 360-Degree Evaluations From Coworkers.
- Author
-
Pedersen H, Bäckström M, and Hagelsteen K
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Adult, Personality, Extraversion, Psychological, General Surgery education, Clinical Competence statistics & numerical data, Laparoscopy education, Internship and Residency statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Introduction: 360-degree evaluations are used as an assessment in order to identify strengths and weaknesses of, or as a continuous evaluation for, residents. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality and ratings on 360-degree evaluations among surgical residency applicants. A secondary aim was to describe the personality profile of applicants for a surgical residency position., Methods: Doctors interviewed for a residency or locum position in general, urology, or pediatric surgery were included. Participants rated their personality on the Neutralized Big Five Inventory. A 360-degree assessment was conducted. Scores from two laparoscopic simulators were used as a measure of technical ability. Univariate analyses were used to assess the results. Student's t-test was used to compare personality and Pearson correlations between 360-degree assessment and personality., Results: Fifty doctors participated: data were complete for 38. Personality profiles showed higher emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness ratings than the norm. Correlations revealed a significant relationship between extraversion and higher scores on the 360-degree assessments. Significant univariate correlations were found between extraversion and the 360-degree assessments, and two of the correlations held up after adjustment for multiple tests. No correlations with performance when using laparoscopic simulators were found., Conclusions: Applicants for surgical residency rated significantly higher than the norm in four personality domains. Extraversion correlated with overall higher scores in 360-degree assessments by coworkers. Higher scores were not related to objective measures of technical skill, highlighting the importance of using objective measures for assessment., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Personality and Life Satisfaction Among the Oldest Old in Japan.
- Author
-
Chapman BP
- Subjects
- Aged, 80 and over, Humans, Depression psychology, Extraversion, Psychological, Japan, Neuroticism, Personal Satisfaction, Personality, Psychological Well-Being psychology
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Disentangling periodic and aperiodic resting EEG correlates of personality.
- Author
-
Pacheco LB, Feuerriegel D, Jach HK, Robinson E, Duong VN, Bode S, and Smillie LD
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Adult, Young Adult, Extraversion, Psychological, Alpha Rhythm physiology, Machine Learning, Theta Rhythm physiology, Adolescent, Reward, Rest physiology, Brain physiology, Personality physiology, Electroencephalography methods
- Abstract
Previous studies of resting electroencephalography (EEG) correlates of personality traits have conflated periodic and aperiodic sources of EEG signals. Because these are associated with different underlying neural dynamics, disentangling them can avoid measurement confounds and clarify findings. In a large sample (n = 300), we investigated how disentangling these activities impacts findings related to two research programs within personality neuroscience. In Study 1 we examined associations between Extraversion and two putative markers of reward sensitivity-Left Frontal Alpha asymmetry (LFA) and Frontal-Posterior Theta (FPT). In Study 2 we used machine learning to predict personality trait scores from resting EEG. In both studies, power within each EEG frequency bin was quantified as both total power and separate contributions of periodic and aperiodic activity. In Study 1, total power LFA and FPT correlated negatively with Extraversion (r ∼ -0.14), but there was no relation when LFA and FPT were derived only from periodic activity. In Study 2, all Big Five traits could be decoded from periodic power (r ∼ 0.20), and Agreeableness could also be decoded from total power and from aperiodic indices. Taken together, these results show how separation of periodic and aperiodic activity in resting EEG may clarify findings in personality neuroscience. Disentangling these signals allows for more reliable findings relating to periodic EEG markers of personality, and highlights novel aperiodic markers to be explored in future research., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. The Relationship Between Behavior Aspects of Executive Functions and Personality Traits in Healthy Young Adults.
- Author
-
Nikolašević Ž, Krstić T, Rajšli A, and Bugarski Ignjatović V
- Subjects
- Humans, Young Adult, Adult, Male, Female, Adolescent, Extraversion, Psychological, Neuroticism physiology, Personality Inventory, Individuality, Executive Function physiology, Personality physiology, Memory, Short-Term physiology, Inhibition, Psychological
- Abstract
Executive functions (ЕF) are complex cognitive processes that govern our behavior and thoughts. Associations between personality traits and executive functions clarify the mechanisms of a person's ability to function in everyday situations. The main goal of this study was to explore different personality dimensions relevant to the prediction of two different executive functions - Inhibition and Working Memory. The Big Five Inventory and the Adult Executive Functioning Inventory (ADEXI) were administered on a community sample comprising 549 young adults aged 18-35 years (mean age 22.10 years, SD 3.13). After controlling for age, gender and level of education, Conscientiousness and Extraversion were the most predictive personality traits, while Neuroticism and Agreeableness made specific contributions to the prediction of one of the two executive measures: Working Memory or Inhibition. Specifically, high Conscientiousness and Extraversion with low Neuroticism were significant predictors of Working Memory ability. On the other hand, high Conscientiousness and Agreeableness with low Extraversion predicted better Inhibition ability. These findings support the conclusion that these dimensions of individual differences seem to have numerous points of overlap at both psychological and neurobiological levels, but differences between these constructs are still significant., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Examining situational differences in momentary emotion differentiation and emotional clarity in everyday life.
- Author
-
Springstein T, Thompson RJ, and English T
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Aged, Male, Middle Aged, Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Individuality, Age Factors, Emotions physiology, Extraversion, Psychological
- Abstract
People experience momentary fluctuations in how much they differentiate between emotions and how clear they are about what they are feeling. To better understand situational predictors of shifts in emotion differentiation and emotional clarity, we investigated whether individuals are more differentiated and clearer about their emotions in social situations (vs. alone) given that emotions fulfill important social functions. We tested if these within-person associations varied depending on socially relevant individual differences, including age, extraversion, and social connectedness. We also examined whether people are more differentiated and clearer in situations that have previously been processed (i.e., familiar situations) and if this effect was stronger for older (vs. younger) adults. Community adults ( N = 290, aged 25-85 years) completed measures of extraversion and social connectedness and then were randomly prompted 6 times a day for 10 days to report on their current emotional experience and situation. Using multilevel structural equation modeling, social context was associated with less positive emotion differentiation and not associated with emotional clarity; these within-person associations did not differ by age, extraversion, or social connectedness. Individuals experienced more differentiated positive emotions and higher emotional clarity than usual when they were in more (vs. less) familiar situations. Familiarity was especially predictive of higher positive emotion differentiation among relatively older (vs. younger) adults. These findings suggest positive emotion differentiation, particularly in familiar situations could be a way in which the quality of one's emotional experience changes with age. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Personality and change in physical activity across 3-10 years.
- Author
-
Caille P, Stephan Y, Sutin AR, Luchetti M, Canada B, Heraud N, and Terracciano A
- Subjects
- Humans, Adult, Neuroticism, Cognition, Extraversion, Psychological, Longitudinal Studies, Personality, Exercise
- Abstract
Objective: To examine the association between personality traits, defined by the Five-Factor Model, and the initiation and termination of physical activity across adulthood., Design: Longitudinal analysis of participants from nine samples (N > 28,000)., Main Outcome Measures: Physical activity status at follow-up., Results: A random-effect meta-analysis revealed that higher conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness were related to a higher likelihood of initiation of physical activity over time among individuals who were physically inactive at baseline and to a lower risk of termination of physical activity among those who were physically active at baseline. In contrast, higher neuroticism was associated with a lower probability of initiation of physical activity and a higher likelihood of termination over time. Although not hypothesised, agreeableness was also associated with better physical activity outcomes over time., Conclusion: This study provides the largest and the longest evidence of a replicable association between personality and change in physical activity status. Personality may motivate both the initiation and termination of physical activity.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Longitudinal relationship between psychological distress and personality traits.
- Author
-
Joshanloo M
- Subjects
- Humans, Emotions, Interpersonal Relations, Extraversion, Psychological, Personality, Psychological Distress
- Abstract
Personality traits are typically assumed to predict psychological distress, with little attention paid to the potential influence of psychological distress on personality traits. Recent empirical findings, however, challenge this prevailing view by demonstrating the potential for personality traits to change and suggesting the plausible influence of chronic distress on these traits. This study aimed to examine the mutual within-person associations between psychological distress and the Big Five personality traits. The primary research question was whether a change in psychological distress is associated with a change in personality traits (and vice versa) after approximately 4 years. A nationally representative sample from Australia (N = 22,837), collected at four time points over 13 years, was used. The random-intercept cross-lagged panel model was used to partition variance into between-person and within-person components. Results showed that there was no temporal within-person association between openness and distress. Extraversion and conscientiousness were found to have bidirectional within-person relationships with distress, suggesting that increases in extraversion and conscientiousness are associated with decreases in distress over time and vice versa. Emotional stability and agreeableness showed unidirectional relationships with distress, with increased distress predicting decreased emotional stability and increased agreeableness predicting decreased distress. Therefore, except for openness, the other traits had at least one significant within-person link to psychological distress. These findings unveil a reciprocal longitudinal linkage between personality traits and psychological distress, highlighting the potential negative impact of prolonged psychological distress on the developmental trajectory of personality traits., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Personality and psychological profile for patients with and without halitosis: A case-control study.
- Author
-
Xu J, Gu Q, Lu H, Fan J, and Ye W
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Case-Control Studies, Middle Aged, Adult, Extraversion, Psychological, Personality Inventory, Introversion, Psychological, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Aged, Halitosis psychology, Personality, Anxiety psychology
- Abstract
Objective: To compare the personalities, social avoidance and distress, and anxiety status of Chinese patients with and without objective halitosis, and investigate the association among these psychological disorders., Methods: Patients who complained of bad breath and diagnosed with objective halitosis were enrolled into the halitosis group, while patients without objective halitosis were enrolled into the control group. The questionnaires included the sociodemographic profile of the participants, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Social Avoidance and Distress Scale (SAD), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)., Results: A total of 280 patients were assigned into objective halitosis group (n = 146) and control group (n = 134). The extraversion subscales (E) score of the EPQ in the halitosis group were significantly lower than that in the control group (p = 0.001). The total SAD score and proportion of patients with anxiety symptoms in the BAI scale in the objective halitosis was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between the extraversion subscale and the total SAD score, Social Avoidance and Social Distress subscales (p < 0.001)., Conclusion: Patients with objective halitosis have more introverted personality traits and are more likely to have social avoidance and distress than the nonhalitosis population., (© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Personality traits, alcohol use and problem drinking among undergraduates in southwest Nigeria.
- Author
-
Alatishe TA, Abayomi O, Suleiman B, Oladele O, and Oyewole A
- Subjects
- Humans, Nigeria epidemiology, Male, Female, Young Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Adult, Universities, Adolescent, Alcohol Drinking in College psychology, Alcohol Drinking epidemiology, Prevalence, Sex Factors, Extraversion, Psychological, Personality, Students statistics & numerical data, Students psychology, Alcoholism epidemiology
- Abstract
Problem drinking, which may be more prominent among young adults, is associated with mental and physical complications. The onset, use, and abuse of alcohol may be related to personality traits such as agreeableness, neuroticism and extraversion. This study aimed to examine the relationship between personality traits and alcohol use among undergraduates in southwest Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional study carried out among undergraduates in southwestern Nigeria. Four hundred and twelve (412) students were recruited using multi-stage random sampling from the total full-time student population. Each participant completed Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10). The result showed that the lifetime prevalence of alcohol use was 31.8% while 10.8% were involved in problem drinking. Also, there was an association between alcohol use, male gender and parental history of psychoactive substance use. Out of the 5 personality traits, the extraversion trait was higher among drinkers (P = 0.001) while agreeableness was significantly lower among drinkers (P = 0.033). Extraversion trait was significantly higher in respondents involved in problem drinking (P < 0.001). The predictors of problem drinking in this study were extraversion trait and male gender. The study suggests there are intervening factors mediating personality traits and problem drinking among undergraduates.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Valence explains how and why positive affects and negative affects correlate: A conceptual replication and extension of Diener et al.'s (1995) the personality structure of affect.
- Author
-
Payne JW and Schimmack U
- Subjects
- Adult, Middle Aged, Humans, Neuroticism, Students, Personality, Extraversion, Psychological
- Abstract
Diener et al. (1995) used a multimethod approach to test a hierarchical model of trait affect. The model suggests that specific trait affects are related to each other by two, distinct, but negatively correlated factors. We report the results of a conceptual replication study that addressed several limitations of Diener et al.'s (1995) study. We used three ethnically diverse samples which included a group of undergraduates along with both of their biological parents. As such, in terms of generalizability, we improved upon the original study which was limited to a student sample by also including middle-aged adults as targets. Most importantly, we included measures of hedonic tone to validate the interpretation of the higher-order factors as positive affect and negative affect. Also, we did not average informant ratings to model individual rating biases. Further, we used item-level indicators rather than item averages as indicators of basic affects. Our results confirm Diener et al.'s (1995) model and demonstrate that positive trait affect and negative trait affect are negatively correlated and account for the covariance among specific affects. We discuss the implications of these results in the context of personality theories that consider positive trait affect and negative trait affect as independent factors related to extraversion and neuroticism, respectively (Costa & McCrae, 1980). We argue that this model cannot account for the negative correlation between positive affect and negative affect and that further research is needed to locate affect within the Big Five model of personality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. The effects of socioeconomic status on personality development in adulthood and aging.
- Author
-
Luo J, Zhang B, Antonoplis S, and Mroczek DK
- Subjects
- Humans, United States, Child, Social Class, Neuroticism, Longitudinal Studies, Extraversion, Psychological, Personality, Aging
- Abstract
Intro: The current study examined the effects of adulthood socioeconomic status (SES) on levels of and changes in the Big Five personality traits domains and nuances in adulthood and during aging. We also tested whether the relations between adulthood SES and personality traits differed by childhood SES and age., Methods: Data were drawn from three longitudinal studies: the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA, N = 2000), the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS, N = 6428), and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS, N = 23,238)., Results: Using the latent growth models, across samples, we found associations between high SES and low levels of neuroticism and high levels of extraversion, openness, and conscientiousness. The effects of SES on changes in personality traits were mainly observed in the aging sample of HRS. In general, a similar pattern was observed at the nuance level. Analyses of the moderating effects of age suggested some evidence for the increasingly important role of SES in levels of and changes in personality traits in older ages., Conclusion: The findings support SES as a source that partially accounts for individual differences in personality traits level. Some evidence was found for the relations between SES and changes in personality traits in old age., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Investigating group formation: An experiment on the distribution of extraversion in educational settings.
- Author
-
Müller AM, Röpke R, Konert J, and Bellhäuser H
- Subjects
- Humans, Research Design, Extraversion, Psychological, Students
- Abstract
Group formation plays a crucial role in enhancing collaborative learning experiences. This study investigates the impact of extraversion as a criterion for group formation on collaborative learning outcomes. A total of 180 students participated in the experiment and were assigned to groups that were homogeneously or heterogeneously distributed in terms of extraversion. The groups met weekly and worked on group assignments throughout the semesters. The first hypothesis posed the outcomes to be explainable at the group-level. Surprisingly, the results show that groups with a homogeneous distribution of extraversion reported higher levels of group work satisfaction than those with a heterogeneous distribution, in contrast to the second hypothesis and the group hierarchy theory. These findings emphasize the potential of considering personality traits when forming groups and extend the existing literature on group formation. The study takes a critical stance by addressing normative definitions of leadership. Future research is suggested to further enhance collaborative learning experiences using similar interdisciplinary and experimental methods., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All the authors declare that they have no established conflicting financial interests or personal relationships that may have influenced the research presented in this paper. We would like to confirm that there are no conflicts of interest associated with this publication and that there has been no financial support for this work that could have influenced its outcome. We also declare that we have no data to publish and no funding to report. We confirm that the manuscript has been read and approved by all named authors and that there are no other persons who satisfied the criteria for authorship but are not listed. We further confirm that the order of authors listed in the manuscript has been approved by all of us. We confirm that we have given due consideration to the protection of intellectual property associated with this work and that there are no impediments to publication, including the timing of publication, with respect to intellectual property. In so doing we confirm that we have followed the regulations of our institutions concerning intellectual property. Regarding ethical considerations, any aspect of the work covered in this manuscript that has involved human patients has been conducted with the ethical approval of all relevant bodies, and as such are acknowledged within the manuscript. We understand that the Corresponding Author is the sole contact for the Editorial process, and we have provided a current and correct email address accessible by the Corresponding Author., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. The Synergistic Effects of Neuroticism and Extraversion on Suicidal Ideation, Single Attempts, and Multiple Attempts in an Inpatient Sample
- Author
-
Chandler J, McDaniel, Hilary L, DeShong, Katrina, Rufino, and Michael R, Nadorff
- Subjects
Extraversion, Psychological ,Neuroticism ,Inpatients ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Humans ,Suicide, Attempted ,Suicidal Ideation - Abstract
The current study sought to investigate the differential risk/protective factors of neuroticism and extraversion among individuals with only suicide ideation, those with a single suicide attempt, and those with multiple attempts. We hypothesized that extraversion would moderate the relation between neuroticism and suicide attempts (single and multiple) but not ideation. Patients in a private facility (N = 3343) completed measures assessing suicide history and general personality traits. Four moderation analyses were conducted with extraversion moderating the relationship between neuroticism and suicide ideation, single attempt (compared to zero attempts), and multiple attempts (compared to zero attempts and to single attempts). Extraversion moderated neuroticism only when comparing individuals with multiple suicide attempts to those with no attempts. Individuals who were low in both neuroticism and extraversion had higher levels of attempts than individuals with low neuroticism and high extraversion, highlighting the importance of considering biological predispositions as risk factors for suicide.
- Published
- 2022
31. A broad internalizing dimension accounts for the genetic associations between personality and individual internalizing disorders
- Author
-
Holly E. Poore, Ashley L. Watts, Hannah P. Friedman, and Irwin D. Waldman
- Subjects
Adult ,Neuroticism ,Extraversion, Psychological ,Young Adult ,Adolescent ,Personality Inventory ,Child, Preschool ,Humans ,Child ,Personality Disorders ,Personality - Abstract
Much research has demonstrated that psychopathology can be described in terms of broad dimensions, representing liability for multiple psychiatric disorders. Broad spectra of psychopathology (e.g., internalizing and externalizing) are increasingly used as targets for research investigating the development, etiology, and course of psychopathology because they account for patterns of relatedness among disorders that were once presumed distinct. Thus, these spectra represent alluring targets due to their comprehensive and parsimonious nature. Nevertheless, little research has established the role of individual disorders over and above broad dimensions in the study of psychopathology. In the current study, we investigate whether there are unique etiological associations between individual internalizing disorders and personality traits after accounting for their etiological associations with a broad internalizing dimension. We used a community sample of twins (Npairs = 448) ages 4 to 19 to examine the etiological associations between internalizing psychopathology and Big Five personality dimensions. In terms of genetic covariation, a broad internalizing dimension was positively associated with neuroticism and negatively associated with extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. Moreover, internalizing accounted for most of the genetic variance shared between individual internalizing disorders and personality traits. Nevertheless, there were unique genetic associations between the following pairs of personality traits and disorders: neuroticism and social anxiety, extraversion and social anxiety, agreeableness and depression, and conscientiousness and compulsions. There was little evidence of environmental influences shared between internalizing and personality. In sum, a broad internalizing dimension adequately accounted for almost all of the etiologic covariation between internalizing disorders and personality, with several interesting exceptions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
- Published
- 2022
32. Inclined but less skilled? Disentangling extraversion, communication skill, and leadership emergence
- Author
-
Diana Lee, G. James Lemoine, and Tyree Mitchell
- Subjects
Extraversion and introversion ,Social Identification ,Communication ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Multilevel model ,Context (language use) ,Interpersonal communication ,PsycINFO ,Test (assessment) ,Extraversion, Psychological ,Leadership ,Humans ,Personality ,Social identity theory ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Applied Psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Individual extraversion is considered to be one of the most consistent predictors of leadership emergence according to meta-analytic support, but inconsistent empirical results indicate that their relationship may be more nuanced than scholars have concluded. We propose two key reasons for why the extraversion-emergence relationship has yielded inconsistent results. First, we challenge one of the fundamental theoretical assumptions regarding why extraverts emerge as leaders, namely, that extraverts have high levels of communication skill. Drawing on the personality literature, we argue that rather than being inextricably linked to extraversion, communication skill not only plays a separate role but also may determine when extraversion relates to emergence. Second, we test a multilevel model accounting for the team context by proposing in alignment with the social identity model of leadership that a team's overall level of extraversion impacts the team's leadership prototypes and thus the importance of extraversion and communication skill for leadership emergence. We test our hypotheses across two studies in assessment center contexts. We find broad support for our multilevel model and show that extraversion's effects may be much more conditional than previously assumed, whereas communication skill may be a more promising explanatory factor. Thus, we provide a more complete understanding of why and when interpersonal characteristics relate to leadership emergence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
- Published
- 2022
33. Brazilian Portuguese adaptation of the spitefulness scale and associations with personality traits
- Author
-
Ariela Raissa Lima Costa, Pedro Pechorro, David Marcus, and Bruno Bonfá-Araujo
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Psychometrics ,Antisocial Personality Disorder ,Middle Aged ,Extraversion, Psychological ,Young Adult ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Ethnicity ,Humans ,Female ,Brazil ,Aged ,Personality - Abstract
Spitefulness is a personality trait characterized by an inclination to cause harm to others in a manner that also results in self-harm. Studies considering this trait have mostly been performed in individualistic cultures. Our aim was to adapt and accumulate statistical evidence for the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Spitefulness Scale (SS-BP), examining the functioning of the instrument in a collectivist culture. Study 1 adapted the instrument, investigated dimensionality, and examined item functioning and gender invariance in a sample of 766 participants (53.4% male) aged between 18 and 63 years old (
- Published
- 2022
34. Intergenerational transmission of depressive and anxiety disorders: Mediation via youth personality
- Author
-
Daniel M. Mackin, Megan C. Finsaas, Brady D. Nelson, Greg Perlman, Roman Kotov, and Daniel N. Klein
- Subjects
Extraversion, Psychological ,Adolescent ,Personality Inventory ,Humans ,Female ,Anxiety Disorders ,Personality Disorders ,Article ,Personality - Abstract
Youth personality is hypothesized to mediate the intergenerational transmission of internalizing disorders. However, this has rarely been examined. We tested whether the intergenerational transmission of depressive and anxiety disorders is mediated by youth neuroticism and extraversion, and how parent personality influenced these relationships. Participants included 550 adolescent girls, aged 13-15 years at baseline (T1), and a coparticipating biological parent. Depressive and anxiety disorders were assessed by interview at T1, and adolescents were reinterviewed every 9 months for 3 years (T2-T5). Parent and youth personality was assessed at T1. Four path models examined direct and indirect effects of parent psychopathology and personality (neuroticism and extraversion) on youth outcomes, with youth neuroticism and extraversion as mediators in separate models. In the model examining the effects of parent psychopathology via T1 youth neuroticism, there were direct effects of parent depression on T2-T5 youth depressive disorders and indirect effects of parent anxiety disorders on T2-T5 youth depressive and anxiety disorders. When parent neuroticism was added, indirect effects of T1 parent anxiety disorders and neuroticism on T2-T5 youth depressive and anxiety disorders via T1 youth neuroticism were significant. In the model examining T1 youth extraversion as a mediator, there were significant direct effects of parent depressive and anxiety disorders on T2-T5 youth depressive and anxiety disorders, respectively. Finally, when adding parent extraversion, indirect effects of parent extraversion on T2-T5 youth depressive and anxiety disorders via youth extraversion were significant. Parent and youth personality play important roles in the intergenerational transmission of depressive and anxiety disorders. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
- Published
- 2022
35. Personality traits differentiate patients with bipolar disorder and healthy controls – A meta-analytic approach
- Author
-
Natalie Hanke, Nora Penzel, Linda T. Betz, Melanie Rohde, Lana Kambeitz-Ilankovic, and Joseph Kambeitz
- Subjects
Extraversion, Psychological ,Neuroticism ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Bipolar Disorder ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Humans ,Aged ,Personality - Abstract
Expression of specific personality traits has been associated with the presence and disease course of bipolar disorder (BD) in multiple studies. However, until today findings are inconsistent and potentially confounding factors such as age and gender as well as the limited sample size of previous studies make it difficult to generalize these findings. To overcome these limitations and to specify the role of personality traits in the context of BD, we performed a meta-analysis in patients with BD and healthy controls (HC), focusing on the traits of the big three and the big five: Neuroticism (N), Extraversion (E), Openness (O), Conscientiousness (C), Agreeableness (A) and Psychoticism (P).Two online databases (Pubmed and Web of Science) were searched systematically to identify relevant articles, including publications up to December 31, 2019. From studies that met our inclusion criteria (n = 18), we extracted relevant data of patients with BD (n = 1694) and HC (n = 2153) and calculated effect sizes for each personality trait. Further, we performed moderator analysis on gender, age, quality score and years of publication.Our results indicate that patients with BD exhibit higher scores on N (large positive effect size; n = 18, g = 1.44, 95%-CI : 1.11 to 1.77) and lower scores on C (medium negative effect size; n = 6, g = -0.78, 95%-CI: -1.13 to -0.43) and E (small negative effect size; n = 13, g = -0.38, 95%-CI: -0.52 to -0.23) compared to HC. We found a moderating effect of mean age on the effect size of N with smaller differences in N levels between patients with BD and HC in older samples (-0.0437, z = - 3.96, p0.0001). Our results were robust with respect to potential publication biases and the inclusion of potentially confounding factors such as gender, age, quality score and years of publication.Due to the lack of available data no subgroup analysis on the effect of mood states of patients and subtypes of BD could be performed. Moreover, our analyses are based on cross-sectional data so that findings should be interpreted with care, especially concerning causal conclusions.Patients with BD showed differences in several personality traits compared to HC. Our results provide the basis for future research with focus on personality and psychopathology in patients with BD. Identifying the interaction between expressions of personality traits and BD might provide novel approaches in prevention and therapy.
- Published
- 2022
36. Using the HEXACO to explain the structure of borderline and psychopathic personality traits.
- Author
-
Roters J and Book A
- Subjects
- Humans, Personality Disorders, Personality Inventory, Extraversion, Psychological, Antisocial Personality Disorder diagnosis, Personality
- Abstract
Research has examined the use of basic personality traits in describing problematic personality traits, such as borderline and psychopathic traits. Specifically, the Honesty-Humility factor of the HEXACO model of personality appears to account for a large proportion of the variance in these traits. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether the HEXACO model would similarly predict borderline traits. As found in previous research, psychopathic traits were predicted by low Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness, whereas borderline traits were found to be negatively related to eXtraversion and Conscientiousness but had a significantly positive relationship with Emotionality. As Emotionality appeared to be a differential predictor in this study, future research should further examine how Emotionality distinguishes between the various problematic personality traits, which may aid potential treatments/therapies., (© 2023 The Authors Personality and Mental Health Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. A New Perspective on 'Drinking' Self: A Network Approach to Characterizing Drinking-Related Changes in Personality
- Author
-
Polly F. Ingram and Peter R. Finn
- Subjects
Extraversion, Psychological ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Young Adult ,Health (social science) ,Personality Inventory ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Humans ,Personality Disorders ,Self Concept ,Article ,Personality - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Previous research suggests that self-knowledge, particularly perceptions of oneself as a “drinker”, may influence the development and progression of alcohol use and related problems, such as binge drinking. While existing studies have provided empirical evidence for the importance of assessing drinking self-perception within the five-factor model of personality framework, further examination with novel analytic methods, such as network analyses, could improve understanding of the drinker self-concept. METHODS: Five factor traits of openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and emotional stability were assessed among a large sample of young adults (n = 423) across “typical” and “drinking” contexts. Features of the personality networks were investigated, including topology, network centrality, stability of the network across “typical” and “drinking” assessments, as well as differences in the network across the two assessments. RESULTS: Individual personality items were more related to other items within the same trait than to other traits. There was no most central item in the networks, but item strength was uncorrelated to mean-level of the item. The network structure was stable across both assessments, although the overall strength of item relationships significantly increased in the drinking personality network. CONCLUSIONS: Examining drinking personality using a network analytic framework provided novel insights into drinker self-concept and the role drinking contexts might play in self-perception of personality in those contexts.
- Published
- 2023
38. STUDY OF NEUROTICISM AND EXTRAVERSION AS PREDICTORS OF THE SYNDROME OF EMOTIONAL BURNOUT (EBS) IN STUDENTS
- Author
-
Svitlana P. Palamar, Tetiana S. Gruzieva, Liudmyla L. Nezhyva, Viktor Y. Yelenskyi, Nina M. Rudenko, Mykola M. Khomik, and Yuriy Y. Savchenko
- Subjects
Neuroticism ,Extraversion, Psychological ,Adolescent ,Emotions ,Humans ,General Medicine ,Students ,Burnout, Professional - Abstract
The aim: To investigate internal factors – neuroticism and extroversion, which can be predictors of emotional burnout syndrome and their prevalence among student youth. Materials and methods: Used a complex of methods: theoretical – theoretical analysis, synthesis, systematization; sociological method of questioning; empirical: observation, testing-Eysenck’s methods for assessing the impact of neuroticism and externality; statistical. The object of the research is the process of influence of personal characteristics (individual factors) on the development and spread of EBS among students. Subject – personal characteristics (individual factors) of students – extraversion and neuroticism. The number of respondents was 610 students. Results: A study of the personal characteristics of neuroticism and extraversion, which can be predictors in the genesis of EBS, was conducted. It has been established that several negative internal factors influence students. The significant prevalence of internal risk factors of EBS indicates the need for a comprehensive approach to its prevention and the need for the development and application of modern adequate methods, forms, and methods of prevention. Conclusions: The presence and influence of internal factors on the development of EBS have been theoretically proven. It has been established that there is a significant propagation of personal characteristics that may have signs of negative internal factors. The need for preventive measures for the development of EBS among students has been revealed.
- Published
- 2023
39. Chimpanzee Extraversion scores vary with epigenetic modification of dopamine receptor gene D2 (DRD2) and early rearing conditions
- Author
-
Nicky Staes, Cassandra M. White, Elaine E Guevara, Marcel Eens, William D. Hopkins, Steven J. Schapiro, Jeroen M.G. Stevens, Chet C. Sherwood, and Brenda J Bradley
- Subjects
Extraversion, Psychological ,Chemistry ,Cancer Research ,Pan troglodytes ,Receptors, Dopamine D2 ,Animals ,Human medicine ,DNA Methylation ,Biology ,Molecular Biology ,Research Paper ,Epigenesis, Genetic ,Personality - Abstract
Chimpanzees have consistent individual differences in behaviour, also referred to as personality. Similar to human personality structure, five dimensions are commonly found in chimpanzee studies that show evidence for convergent and predictive validity (Dominance, Openness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Reactivity/Undependability). These dimensions are to some extent heritable, indicating a genetic component that explains part of the variation in personality scores, but are also influenced by environmental factors, such as the early social rearing background of the individuals. In this study, we investigated the role of epigenetic modification of the dopamine receptor D2 gene (DRD2) as a potential mechanism underlying personality variation in 51 captive chimpanzees. We used previously collected personality trait rating data and determined levels of DRD2 CpG methylation in peripheral blood samples for these same individuals. Results showed that DRD2 methylation is most strongly associated with Extraversion, and that varying methylation levels at specific DRD2 sites are associated with changes in Extraversion in nursery-reared, but not mother-reared, individuals. These results highlight the role of dopaminergic signalling in chimpanzee personality, and indicate that environmental factors, such as social experiences early in life, can have long-lasting behavioural effects, potentially through modification of the epigenome. These findings add to the growing evidence demonstrating the importance of the experience-dependent methylome for the development of complex social traits like personality.
- Published
- 2022
40. Does extraversion increase following a <scp>three‐hour</scp> flirt training? Exploring two training routes
- Author
-
Mathias Allemand, Benjamin Gmür, and Christoph Flückiger
- Subjects
Adult ,Extraversion, Psychological ,Male ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Humans ,Female ,General Medicine ,General Psychology ,Personality - Abstract
Flirting situations are opportunities to behave in extraverted ways. However, it is not clear whether engaging in flirting behavior predicts extraversion. The current study explored whether extraversion increases following a 3-h flirt training and compared two training routes to flirting. A two-arm randomized pre-post design with two active conditions were used. Ninety-six adults between 18 and 49 years (67.7% women) were randomized to either: (1) a problem-oriented training strategy that aims to compensate for problems and deficits related to flirting; or (2) a strengths-oriented training strategy that capitalizes on individuals' strengths and resources. The outcome variables were assessed before and 30 days after the training. Participants in both conditions reported higher scores in flirting behavior as well as in extraversion following the trainings. The results suggest that flirt trainings are potentially interesting indirect intervention approaches to increase the expression of extraversion.
- Published
- 2022
41. Chronic vs non-chronic depression in psychiatric inpatient care - Data from a large naturalistic multicenter trial
- Author
-
Peter Falkai, Michael Riedel, Miriam Kolter, Michael Bauer, Rebecca Schennach, Peter Brieger, Richard Musil, Gerd Laux, Mazda Adli, Hans-Jürgen Möller, Frank Padberg, and Florian Seemüller
- Subjects
Depressive Disorder, Major ,Inpatients ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Extraversion and introversion ,Depression ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,medicine.disease ,Neuroticism ,Extraversion, Psychological ,Substance abuse ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Multicenter trial ,Depressive personality disorder ,medicine ,Humans ,Personality ,Prospective Studies ,medicine.symptom ,Psychiatry ,business ,Suicidal ideation ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,media_common - Abstract
Background : Around 20% - 30% of depressed individuals experience a chronic form of depression lasting two or more years. This naturalistic study investigates the characteristics and the course of chronic depressed patients (CD) during standard antidepressant treatment in comparison to not chronically depressed (NCD) patients. Methods : Data of 954 patients were drawn from the prospective naturalistic, multicenter study of the German research network on depression, CD was met as classifier by 113 patients (11.8%), whereas 841 patients (88.2%) had non-chronic courses (NCD). Results : CD was significantly associated with a low age at onset, use of benzodiazepines, psychotherapy at baseline, substance abuse, a depressive personality disorder and a low degree of extraversion. CD patients showed a longer hospital stay, lower remission rates, increased rates of suicidal ideation as well as higher depression scores at discharge. In addition, individuals with chronic depression continued to obtain higher neuroticism scores and lower extraversion scores at discharge. Limitation : Results were assessed by a post-hoc analysis, based on prospectively collected data. Conclusion : CD patients have an inferior outcome in clinical measures as well as personality dimensions (i.e. low extraversion) compared to non-CD patients. These findings support the notion that CD patients entering a setting of standard psychiatric inpatient care will show less benefit compared to non-CD patients, and that this difference as such may be used as a stratifying marker for providing specialized psychiatric treatment with optimized pharmacological and psychotherapeutic protocols.
- Published
- 2022
42. Stability and change in the Big Five personality traits: Findings from a longitudinal study of Mexican-origin adults
- Author
-
Antonio Terracciano, Richard W. Robins, Angelina R. Sutin, and Olivia E. Atherton
- Subjects
Adult ,Agreeableness ,Longitudinal study ,adulthood ,Personality Inventory ,Sociology and Political Science ,Social Psychology ,Personality development ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Personality Disorders ,Article ,Big Five ,Extraversion, Psychological ,Clinical Research ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Openness to experience ,Humans ,Psychology ,Personality ,Longitudinal Studies ,Big Five personality traits ,generalizability ,Extraversion ,media_common ,Marketing ,Extraversion and introversion ,Mexican ,Psychological ,Cognitive Sciences ,Acquiescence bias ,personality development ,Social psychology ,Demography - Abstract
A large body of research has documented how personality develops across adulthood, yet very little longitudinal work has examined whether these findings generalize beyond predominantly middle-class, highly educated White American or Western European individuals. This preregistered study uses longitudinal data from 1,110 Mexican-origin adults who completed a well-validated personality measure, the Big Five Inventory, up to six times across 12 years. Individuals generally maintained their rank ordering on the Big Five over time (rs = .66-.80), and the relative ordering of the Big Five within persons was also highly stable (rs = .58-.66). All of the Big Five traits showed small, linear mean-level decreases across adulthood. These trajectories showed few associations with sociodemographic factors (sex, education level, and IQ) and cultural factors (generational status, age at immigration, Spanish/English language preference, Mexican cultural values, American cultural values, and ethnic discrimination). The statistically significant findings we did observe mostly concerned associations between cultural values and Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Openness. Acquiescence bias was also positively associated with Big Five personality trait scores at every wave. There was no evidence of mean-level change in the Big Five when including time-varying acquiescence scores as covariates in the models. Divergences between the present findings and previous research highlight the need to study personality development with diverse aging samples. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
- Published
- 2022
43. Can extroversion congruence promote online interaction? Evidence from college first‐year students
- Author
-
Kexin Wang, Shuang Chen, Jianxin Zhang, Yang Deng, Zheng Zhang, and Mingjie Zhou
- Subjects
Extraversion, Psychological ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Adolescent ,Universities ,Humans ,Friends ,Students ,General Psychology - Abstract
Building a new social network (SNS) with connections is especially important for first-year students to deal with the transition to college. The goal of the current study was to investigate the link between congruence in extroversion and the interaction frequency within cross-sex classmate dyads on SNS. Based on a cross-sectional study among 371 cross-sex first-year students dyads (M
- Published
- 2022
44. Who Likes Artificial Intelligence? Personality Predictors of Attitudes toward Artificial Intelligence
- Author
-
Jiyoung Park and Sang Eun Woo
- Subjects
Adult ,Extraversion, Psychological ,Attitude ,Artificial Intelligence ,Emotions ,Humans ,Business, Management and Accounting (miscellaneous) ,General Psychology ,Personality ,Education - Abstract
We examined how individuals' personality relates to various attitudes toward artificial intelligence (AI). Attitudes were organized into two dimensions of affective components (positive and negative emotions) and two dimensions of cognitive components (sociality and functionality). For personality, we focused on the Big Five personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness) and personal innovativeness in information technology. Based on a survey of 1,530 South Korean adults, we found that extraversion was related to negative emotions and low functionality. Agreeableness was associated with both positive and negative emotions, and it was positively associated with sociality and functionality. Conscientiousness was negatively related to negative emotions, and it was associated with high functionality, but also with low sociality. Neuroticism was related to negative emotions, but also to high sociality. Openness was positively linked to functionality, but did not predict other attitudes when other proximal predictors were included (e.g. prior use, personal innovativeness). Personal innovativeness in information technology consistently showed positive attitudes toward AI across all four dimensions. These findings provide mixed support for our hypotheses, and we discuss specific implications for future research and practice.
- Published
- 2022
45. Not all sales performance is created equal: personality and interpersonal traits in inbound and outbound marketing activities
- Author
-
Andrea P. Malizia, Thomas Bassetti, Dario Menicagli, Alessia Patuelli, Sonia D'Arcangelo, Nicola Lattanzi, Francesco Bossi, and Antonio Mastrogiorgio
- Subjects
Conditional inference forests ,Marketing ,Personality Inventory ,Physiology ,Dutifulness ,Interpersonal traits ,Openness to experience ,Personality traits ,Sales performance ,Extraversion, Psychological ,Humans ,Personality ,Personality Disorders ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,Psychological ,Extraversion - Abstract
A long tradition of research has shown that personality traits, such as extraversion and agreeableness, and interpersonal constructs better predict job performance with a tacit but not explicit distinction in sales marketing activities. In this contribution, we aim to understand the role of job-related and interest data, interpersonal, and personality traits in affecting either inbound or outbound marketing activities and the overall sales performance. An original questionnaire integrates the interpersonal traits and personality factors reported in the literature in sales marketing activities (independent variables). The results were matched with the individual job-related and interest data (control variables) and sales performance (criterion variables) - expressed as the total number of closed contracts over the inbound/outbound related contacts of employees with responsibility in marketing activities for a large banking group. We are able to identify the relevant predictors of sales performance by creating full binary trees using control and independent variables in conditional inference forests and variable importance index measures. Higher performers in either inbound or outbound marketing activities rely on distinct personality sub-traits, which have fundamentally essential implications for interpersonal functioning, and personal data when agreeableness is central to the ability to function effectively in the interpersonal realm of sales activity.
- Published
- 2022
46. The influence of stimuli valence, extraversion, and emotion regulation on visual search within real-world scenes
- Author
-
Bendall, RCA, Eachus, P, and Thompson, C
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Emotion ,Multidisciplinary ,genetic structures ,Science ,Emotions ,Visual Acuity ,Article ,Emotional Regulation ,Extraversion, Psychological ,Cognition ,Human behaviour ,Reaction Time ,Humans ,Psychology ,Medicine ,Attention ,Female ,Affective Symptoms ,Vision, Ocular - Abstract
Affective traits, including extraversion and emotion regulation, are important considerations in clinical psychology due to their associations with the occurrence of affective disorders. Previously, emotional real-world scenes have been shown to influence visual search. However, it is currently unknown whether extraversion and emotion regulation can influence visual search towards neutral targets embedded within real-world scenes, or whether these traits can impact the effect of emotional stimuli on visual search. An opportunity sample of healthy individuals had trait levels of extraversion and emotion regulation recorded before completing a visual search task. Participants more accurately identified search targets in neutral images compared to positive images, whilst response times were slower in negative images. Importantly, individuals with higher trait levels of expressive suppression displayed faster identification of search targets regardless of the emotional valence of the stimuli. Extraversion and cognitive reappraisal did not influence visual search. These findings add to our understanding regarding the influence of extraversion, cognitive reappraisal, and expressive suppression on our ability to allocate attention during visual search when viewing real-world scenes.
- Published
- 2022
47. Personality and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of Hong Kong Chinese older people: resilience as a mediator and financial status as a moderator
- Author
-
Daniel W. L. Lai and Jia Li
- Subjects
Extraversion, Psychological ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Quality of Life ,Humans ,Hong Kong ,Resilience, Psychological ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Pshychiatric Mental Health ,Gerontology ,Aged ,Personality - Published
- 2021
48. Exploring associations between subjective well-being and personality over a time span of 15–18 months: a cohort study of adolescents in Sweden
- Author
-
Lene Lindberg, Marjan Vaez, Regina Winzer, and Kimmo Sorjonen
- Subjects
Agreeableness ,Male ,Adolescent ,Personality Inventory ,media_common.quotation_subject ,WHO-5 well-being index (WHO-5) ,Cohort Studies ,Extraversion, Psychological ,Big five inventory (BFI) ,Personality ,Humans ,Psychology ,Subjective well-being ,Big Five personality traits ,General Psychology ,media_common ,Neuroticism ,Sweden ,Satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) ,Extraversion and introversion ,Research ,Life satisfaction ,Conscientiousness ,General Medicine ,BF1-990 ,Subjective well-being (SWB) ,Female ,Young people ,Clinical psychology ,Positive mental health - Abstract
Introduction Subjective well-being (SWB) is a contributing factor for building resilience and a resource for positive outcomes, e.g. study achievement and work performance. Earlier studies have examined associations between and prospective effects of personality traits on SWB, but few addressed the role that SWB plays in formation of personality over time. The purpose of our study was to examine associations and prospective effects of SWB on personality traits and vice versa in a cohort sample of secondary school students in Sweden who completed self-reported measures of SWB and personality traits at baseline (N = 446, 76% females) and at 15–18 month follow-up (N = 283, 71% females). Methods SWB was defined and measured by the WHO-5 Well-being Index and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. The Big Five Inventory was used to measure personality traits. Autoregressive models were used to analyse associations and potential prospective effects of SWB on personality traits and vice versa. Results Low levels of neuroticism and high levels of extraversion, conscientiousness and agreeableness were associated with high levels of SWB at baseline and follow-up. The association between SWB and neuroticism was notably strong. We found high statistically significant rank order stability across the two time points for all measures of personality traits with stability effects, derived from the autoregressive models, ranging from .199 for extraversion to .440 for neuroticism. Stability for SWB was statistically significant across the two time points and ranged from .182 for well-being to .353 for life satisfaction. SWB had a prospective effect on agreeableness only. None of the personality traits had any significant prospective effects on SWB. Conclusions The present findings indicate that although correlated, bidirectional prospective effects between personality traits and SWB could not be confirmed. Neuroticism displayed the strongest negative association with adolescents’ SWB. Schools are an appropriate setting to improve well-being, and allocating resources that reduce neuroticism is crucial, including structural interventions, policies for healthy school settings and teaching emotional regulation techniques.
- Published
- 2021
49. Effects of genome-wide neuroticism-associated variants on five-factor model personality traits in schizophrenia
- Author
-
Midori Soda, Kiyoyuki Kitaichi, Yasuhiro Kawasaki, Kazutaka Ohi, Shunsuke Sugiyama, and Toshiki Shioiri
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Agreeableness ,Personality Inventory ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Extraversion, Psychological ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,mental disorders ,Openness to experience ,medicine ,Humans ,Personality ,Big Five personality traits ,media_common ,Neuroticism ,Extraversion and introversion ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,Conscientiousness ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,Schizophrenia ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) have characteristic personality traits compared with healthy subjects. Genome-wide significant variants for neuroticism have been reported in healthy subjects. However, the associations of these genome-wide neuroticism-associated variants with five-factor personality traits in patients with SCZ are less clear. We investigated the influences of nine independent genome-wide significant variants for neuroticism on five-factor personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) assessed by the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) in 107 patients with SCZ and 119 healthy controls (HCs). As expected, patients with SCZ scored significantly higher for neuroticism and lower for extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness than HCs (p < 0.05). Of nine neuroticism-associated variants, the T allele at rs4653663 related to lower neuroticism was only significantly associated with lower neuroticism in patients with SCZ (β = -0.27, p = 3.88 × 10-3) and in combined subjects (β = -0.15, p = 0.026). Furthermore, of other personality traits, the genetic variant was significantly associated with higher agreeableness in combined subjects (β = 0.17, p = 9.41×10-3), higher conscientiousness in patients with SCZ (β = 0.21, p = 0.031) and lower conscientiousness in HCs (β = -0.20, p = 0.034), and nominally associated with higher extraversion in patients with SCZ (β = 0.18, p = 0.056) and in combined subjects (β = 0.13, p = 0.051). These outcomes were not affected by clinical variables. We suggest that genome-wide neuroticism-associated variant could be associated with neuroticism as well as other personality traits in schizophrenia.
- Published
- 2021
50. Big five personality traits and performance: A quantitative synthesis of 50+ meta‐analyses
- Author
-
Tara L. Lesick and Ethan Zell
- Subjects
Neuroticism ,Agreeableness ,Extraversion and introversion ,Social Psychology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Conscientiousness ,Personality Disorders ,Developmental psychology ,Extraversion, Psychological ,Meta-Analysis as Topic ,Job performance ,Openness to experience ,Humans ,Personality ,Big Five personality traits ,Psychology ,media_common - Abstract
Objective The connection between personality traits and performance has fascinated scholars in a variety of disciplines for over a century. The present research synthesizes results from 54 meta-analyses (k = 2028, N = 554,778) to examine the association of Big Five traits with overall performance. Method Quantitative aggregation procedures were used to assess the association of Big Five traits with performance, both overall and in specific performance categories. Results Whereas conscientiousness yielded the strongest effect (ρ = 0.19), the remaining Big Five traits yielded comparable effects (ρ = 0.10, 0.10, -0.12, and 0.13 for extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, and openness). These associations varied dramatically by performance category. Whereas conscientiousness was more strongly associated with academic than job performance (0.28 vs 0.20), extraversion (-0.01 vs 0.14) and neuroticism (-0.03 vs -0.15) were less strongly associated with academic performance. Finally, associations of personality with specific performance outcomes largely replicated across independent meta-analyses. Conclusions Our comprehensive synthesis demonstrates that Big Five traits have robust associations with performance and documents how these associations fluctuate across personality and performance dimensions.
- Published
- 2021
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.