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Introduction: Assessment of retroperitoneal nodes is an important part of the surgical staging of gynecologic cancers. Although pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy have been widely described by different authors, there is little consensus on the description of the different surgical steps for each procedure. An Intergroup Committee on Onco-Gyn Minimally Invasive Surgery has been established with members of the European Society for Gynecological Endoscopy (ESGE), European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO) and the Society of European Robotic Gynaecological Surgery (SERGS). The Intergroup Committee has various objectives: writing down a surgical description of the technique, which will be assessed by a group of experts following a formal consensus method and developing a specific Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) scale for each procedure., Methods: A hierarchical task analysis was conducted by a working group of eight experts from the three societies in order to identify the surgical steps of transperitoneal and extraperitoneal approach in paraaortic lymphadenectomy. The selection of the definitive surgical steps was confirmed by a group of 19 experts from the different societies, following a formal consensus method. Two rounds of Delphi panel rating were considered necessary for achieving an agreement. The consensus agreement identified 29 surgical steps in transperitoneal and 17 surgical steps in extraperitoneal approach to complete a paraaortic lymphadenectomy. Once the description of the procedure and the consensus were established, an Objective specific Scale for the Assessment of Technical Skills for Paraaortic lymphadenectomy (PA-OSATS) in the transperitoneal and extraperitoneal approach was developed., Results: In the first round of rating we found that 28 steps out of 29 in the transperitoneal approach and 13 out of 17 in the extraperitoneal approach did not reach a strong degree of agreement. They were reformulated based on comments made by the experts, and submitted to a second round of rating and this finally achieved an agreement., Conclusion: We defined a list of surgical steps in transperitoneal and extraperitoneal approach in paraaortic lymphadenectomy and a specific PA-OSATS scale for these procedures. This tool will be useful for teaching, assessing and standardizing this surgical procedure., Competing Interests: Competing interests: AEB has reported grants for travelling from Olympus; AF has reported advisory boards for Johnson & Johnson, Fondazione Internazionale Menarini and Oncoinvent, research support from AstraZeneca/MSD, and speakers bureau for GlaxoSmithKline and Covidien/Medtronic; RR, LM, FP, HF, MB, DQ, and CT have reported no conflicts of interest., (© IGCS and ESGO 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. Published by BMJ.)

The European Society of Gynaecological Oncology, the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, and the European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy jointly developed clinically relevant and evidence-based guidelines focusing on key aspects of fertility-sparing strategies and follow-up of patients with cervical cancers, ovarian cancers, and borderline ovarian tumours. The developmental process of these guidelines is based on a systematic literature review and critical appraisal involving an international multidisciplinary development group consisting of 25 experts from relevant disciplines (ie, gynaecological oncology, oncofertility, reproductive surgery, endoscopy, imaging, conservative surgery, medical oncology, and histopathology). Before publication, the guidelines were reviewed by 121 independent international practitioners in cancer care delivery and patient representatives. The guidelines comprehensively cover oncological aspects of fertility-sparing strategies during the initial management, optimisation of fertility results and infertility management, and the patient's desire for future pregnancy and beyond., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests PM reports having had an advisory role or received speaker's honoraria (paid to him or to his institution) from GlaxoSmithKline, AstraZeneca, and ImmunoGen. GS reports grants or contracts from MSD, consulting fees from Tesaro Bio Italy and Johnson and Johnson, and payment or honoraria from Clovis Oncology Italy. NRA-R reports grants or contracts from Grail (paid to the institution). FFi reports honoraria from Theramex and Organon, and support for attending and travelling to meetings from Organon, Merck-Serono, and Theramex (paid to the institution). SB reports honoraria from MSD; support for attending and travelling to meetings from Hologic, MSD, and Pfizer; and honoraria for participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board from Hologic. CR-J reports payment for lectures (paid to the institution) from Organon and Novartis, speakers bureau (paid to the institution) from Gédéon Richter and Roche, and for manuscript writing (paid to the institution) from Roche. All other authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.)

Competing Interests: Competing interests: IR-C has reported advisory boards for Abbvie, Agenus, Advaxis, Blueprint, BMS, ESAÏ, Daichi Sankyo, PharmaMar, Genmab, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Roche/Genentech, GSK, MSD, Deciphera, Mersana, Merck Sereno, Macrogenics, Novartis, Amgen, Tesaro and Clovis, and grants for traveling from Roche, MSD, AstraZeneca, Chugai and GSK; PG-C has reported Institution research grants from Advenchen Laboratories, Amgen Dompé, AROG Pharmaceuticals, Bayer, Blueprint Medicines, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Deciphera, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Epizyme Inc, Foghorn Ther Inc, Glaxo, Hutchinson MediPharam Lt, Inhibrx Inc, Karyopharm Pharmaceuticals, PTC Ther, Novartis, Pfizer, PharmaMar, Rain Oncology, and SpringWorks Ther; RJ has reported advisory boards for Adaptimmune, Astex, Athenex, Bayer, Borhringer Ingelheim, Blueprint, Clinigen, Eisai, Epizume, Daichii, Deciphera, Immunedesign, Immunicum, Karma Oncology, Lilly, Merck, Mundipharma, PharmaMar, Springworks, SynOx, Tracon, and Upto Date; RS has reported grants for traveling from ParmaMar; FA has reported advisory boards for MiMark; J-YB has reported advisory boards for Deciphera, Bayer and Roche, and grants for traveling from OSE Pharma (unrelated); JM-B has reported advisory boards for Asofarma, Tecnofarma, FarmaMar, GSK, Novartis, Amgen, Bayer, Roche, Lilly and Boehringer Ingelheim, and grants for traveling from PharmaMar; AC has reported advisory boards for AstraZeneca and EISAI, and grants for traveling from PharmaMar, Merck and AstraZeneca; APDT has reported advisory boards for GSK, Boehringer and Novartis Oncology, and grants for traveling from PharmaMar; MLH has reported advisory boards for Aadi; PH has reported advisory boards for Boehringer Ingelheim and PharmaMar, and grants for traveling from Boehringer Ingelheim, PharmaMar, and Lighthouse PTC; PP has reported advisory boards for PharmaMar and MSD, and grants for traveling from Amgen, PharmaMar, AstraZeneca, and MSD; ARAR has reported research support (institutional) from 23&Me, Abbisko, AbbVie, Adaptimmune, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Biontech, Blueprint Medicine, Boehringer Ingleheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cogent Biosciences, Daiichi Sankyo, Deciphera, Frontier Biopharma, Gilead, GSK, Iterion Therapeutics, Karyopharm Therapeutics, MedImmune, Medison, Merck, Neoleukin, Novartis, Pfizer, Polaris, Roche/Genentech, Rain Therapeutics, and Symphogen, expert testimony/advisory boards for Boehringer Ingelheim and Medison, DSMB (self) for Inhibrx, and honorarium (self) from Journal of Clinical Oncology, Medison and UpToDate; JS has reported advisory boards for AstraZeneca, Eisai, MSD, GSK, Novocure, Intuitive Surgical Deutschland GmbH, Seagan, Bayer Vital, GmbH, Mundipharma GmbH, PharmaMar, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Immunogen, Tubulis GmbH, and Daiichi Sankyo, and grants for traveling from AstraZeneca, Eisai, MSD, GSK, Novocure, Intuitive Surgical Deutschland GmbH, Seagan, Bayer Vital, GmbH, Mundipharma GmbH; PharmaMar, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Immunogen, Tubulis GmbH, Daiichi Sankyo; WvH has reported advisory boards for Sanofi, Belpharma, Boehringer Ingelheim, MSD, and Novartis, and grants for traveling from Sanofi; MF has reported consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Novartis, GSK, and Incyclix, payment for honoraria for lectures, presentations, spearkers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from AstraZeneca, GSK, MSD, and Limbic, participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board for AGITG IDSMB, and ENDO-3, and research grants (institution) from AstraZeneca, Beigene and Novartis; SCr, FMF, DF, IZ, SCh, RH, J-WK, SIK, MMM, and FP have reported no conflicts of interest.

Competing Interests: Competing interests: CF has reported being on the advisory board for Roche, Tesaro, GSK, MSD/AZ, and Clovis; AT has reported grants for travelling from MSD; AS has reported grants for travelling from Medical University of Vienna; RA has reported grants for travelling from GSK, Roche, MSD and Novocure; CC has reported advisory boards for GSK, MSD and Eisai; AGZE, FP, PM, OFC, MJH and FM have reported no conflicts of interest.

The European Society of Gynaecological Oncology, the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) and the European Society of Pathology held a consensus conference (CC) on ovarian cancer on 15-16 June 2022 in Valencia, Spain. The CC panel included 44 experts in the management of ovarian cancer and pathology, an ESMO scientific advisor and a methodologist. The aim was to discuss new or contentious topics and develop recommendations to improve and harmonise the management of patients with ovarian cancer. Eighteen questions were identified for discussion under four main topics: (i) pathology and molecular biology, (ii) early-stage disease and pelvic mass in pregnancy, (iii) advanced stage (including older/frail patients) and (iv) recurrent disease. The panel was divided into four working groups (WGs) to each address questions relating to one of the four topics outlined above, based on their expertise. Relevant scientific literature was reviewed in advance. Recommendations were developed by the WGs and then presented to the entire panel for further discussion and amendment before voting. This manuscript focuses on the recommendation statements that reached a consensus, their voting results and a summary of evidence supporting each recommendation., Competing Interests: Disclosure JAL reports personal fees for advisory board membership from Artios Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS), Clovis Oncology, Eisai, Ellipses, GSK, Immagene, ImmunoGen, Merck/MSD, Miltenyi, Novocure, Nuvation and VBL Therapeutics; personal fees as an invited speaker from AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology, GSK and Neopharm; personal fees as an Independent Data Monitoring Committee (IDMC) member from Mersana and Sutro Bio; a remunerated leadership role as an Associate Editor of Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology (Sage Publishing); institutional research grants from AstraZeneca and MSD/Merck; non-remunerated roles at ESMO (Officer and Subject Editor for the Gynaecological CPGs); and a non-remunerated leadership role as Vice-President of ESGO (2019-2021). XMG reports personal fees for advisory board membership from Amgen, AstraZeneca, GSK, Janssen and Lilly; personal fees as an invited speaker from AstraZeneca, Clovis and GSK; and non-renumerated consultancy for AstraZeneca. FA reports personal fees for advisory board membership from MiMARK Diagnostics; and institutional funding from Estée Lauder. NCon reports personal fees for advisory board membership from AkesoBio, AstraZeneca, Eisai, eTheRNA Immunotherapies, GSK, ImmunoGen, Kartos, Mersana, Seagen and Seattle Genetics; personal fees as an invited speaker from Eickeler, Medconcept, Mediseminar, the Nordic Society Of Gynaecologic Oncology - Clinical Trial Unit (NSGO-CTU) and the North-Eastern German Society of Gynecological Oncology (NOGGO); travel compensation from Amgen, Genmab and Roche; compensation for educational activities from Kartos, Medscape Oncology, MSD and TouchIME; non-renumerated role as the Co-Chair of the Early Drug Development Network of European Network for Gynaecological Oncological Trial groups (ENGOT); non-renumerated role as the President of ESGO; and a non-renumerated role as a clinical trial principal investigator (PI) for Aldeyra, Clovis, Kartos, Mersana and Seagen. BD reports personal fees as an invited speaker from MSD. CFo reports personal fees as an invited speaker from Roche, AstraZeneca, MSD, Clovis, Sequana, GSK, Tesaro and Ethicon; and institutional fees as a member of the Board of Directors of the King Edward VII Hospital. AGM reports personal fees for advisory board membership from Alkermes, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology, Eisai, Genmab, GSK, HederaDx, Illumina, ImmunoGen, MacroGenics, Mersana, MSD, Novartis, Oncoinvent, PharmaMar, Regeneron, Roche, SOTIO, Sutro Biopharma and Tubulis; personal fees as an invited speaker from AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology, GSK, MSD, Novocure, Roche, Takeda and Zai Lab; institutional funding as coordinating PI from Aravive, GSK, Novartis and Roche; and non-remunerated membership of a Steering Committee for MSD. CG reports personal and institutional fees for advisory board membership from AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline and MSD; personal and institutional fees as an invited speaker from AstraZeneca, Chugai, Clovis, Eisai, GSK, MSD, Roche and Takeda; personal fees for a writing engagement from Cor2Ed and PeerVoice; institutional research grants from Aprea, AstraZeneca, Medannex, Novartis and Nucana; institutional research grants as a local PI from BerGenBio, Clovis, GlaxoSmithKline, MSD, Roche and Verastem; and non-renumerated membership of the Cancer Research UK Clinical Research Committee, the German Cancer Aid Scientific Review Committee and the International Clinical Cancer Research Committee. AL reports personal fees for advisory board membership from Zentalis Pharmaceuticals; personal fees as an invited speaker from GSK and Medscape; personal fees for consultancy from GLG; personal fees for a writing engagement from Onko+; institutional fees for advisory board membership from Ability Pharma, Apmonia, AstraZeneca, Blueprint, Clovis Oncology, GSK, Merck Serono and MSD; institutional fees as an invited speaker from AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology and Kephren Publishing; institutional fees for consultancy from Orion and Owkin; institutional fees for Steering Committee membership for MSD; institutional funding as a PI in clinical trials from Agenus, AstraZeneca, BMS, GSK, Iovance; MSD and Roche; institutional funding as a Chief Investigator in clinical trials from AstraZeneca and OSE Immunotherapeutics; institutional research grants as a PI in translational research from Association de Recherche sur les CAncers dont GYnécologiques (ARCAGY)-Groupe d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour les Etudes des Cancers de l'Ovaire (GINECO), AstraZeneca and Sanofi; a non-remunerated role as an IDMC member for Clovis Oncology, as an IDMC Chair for Pfizer (proprietary information) and as a member of the Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup (GCIG); and non-remunerated academic research projects for LXRepair and Owkin. DL reports personal fees for advisory board membership from AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology, Corcept, Genmab, GSK, ImmunoGen, MSD, Oncoinvest, PharmaMar, Seagen and Sutro Biopharma; personal fees as an invited speaker from AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology, Genmab, GSK, ImmunoGen, MSD, PharmaMar and Seagen; personal fees for consultancy from AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology, Genmab, GSK, ImmunoGen, MSD, Novartis, PharmaMar and Seagen; travel grants from AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology and GSK; institutional funding as coordinating PI from Clovis Oncology, Genmab and MSD; institutional funding for a clinical trial/contracted research from AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology, Genmab, GSK, ImmunoGen, Incyte, MSD, Novartis, Roche and Seagen; institutional funding for founding an academic trial from Clovis Oncology, GSK, MSD and PharmaMar; a non-remunerated role as a PI in clinical trials for AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology, Genmab, GSK, ImmunoGen, Incyte, MSD, Novartis, PharmaMar, Roche and Seagen; and a non-remunerated role as a member of the Board of Directors of GCIG. SB reports personal fees for advisory board membership from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Eisai, Epsilogen, GSK, ImmunoGen, Mersana, MSD, Novartis, Oncxerna, Regeneron, Roche, Seagen, Shattuck Labs and Verastem; personal fees as an invited speaker from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Clovis, GSK, Medscape, Novacure, Peerview, Pfizer, Research to Practice and Takeda; ownership of stocks/shares of PerciHealth; institutional research grants from AstraZeneca and GSK; a non-remunerated role as a PI for AstraZeneca (academic-sponsored ENGOT-GYN1/ATARI phase II international trial), GSK (academic-sponsored MONITOR-UK trial) and Verastem (ENGOTov60/GOG3052/RAMP201 phase II clinical trial - global lead); a non-renumerated leadership role as Board member of the International Cancer Foundation; and a non-renumerated advisory role as a medical advisor of Ovacome Charity. LC reports personal fees as an invited speaker from AstraZeneca and Corza Medical; and institutional fees as an invited speaker from GSK and Roche. DC reports personal fees for advisory board membership from Akesobio, GSK, MSD, Novocure, Roche, Seagen and SOTIO; and personal fees as an invited speaker from AstraZeneca. NCol reports personal fees for advisory board membership from AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology, Eisai, GSK, ImmunoGen, Mersana, MSD/Merck, Nuvation Bio, Onxerna, Pfizer, PharmaMar, Pieris and Roche; personal fees as an invited speaker from AstraZeneca and Novartis; institutional research grants from AstraZeneca, PharmaMar and Roche; a non-renumerated membership of the ESMO Guidelines Steering Committee; and a non-renumerated leadership role as Chair of the Alleanza Contro il Tumore Ovarico (ACTO) Scientific Committee. SC declares no conflicts of interest. AGE reports personal fees for advisory board membership from AstraZeneca; personal fees as an invited speaker from GSK and Intuitive Surgical; personal fees as the social media editor of the International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer; and a non-remunerated role as PI of the SENTICOL III trial in Norway for GINECO/NSGO. CFa reports personal fees for advisory board membership from Baxter, Chugai Pharma, Clovis Oncology, Eisai, GSK and Teva; personal fees as an invited speaker from Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Biogaran, BMS, GSK, Janssen Oncology, Leo Pharma, Lilly, MSD Oncology, Novartis, Pfizer Seagen and Viatris; institutional funding as coordinating PI from Astellas Pharma, Chugai Pharma, Pfizer and Pierre Fabre; institutional funding as local PI from Pfizer; non-renumerated congress participation for AstraZeneca, Janssen Oncology, Leo Pharma and Pierre Fabre; and non-renumerated membership of the European Union of Geriatric Medicine Society, the French Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology, the International Society of Geriatric Oncology and the French Society of Geriatric Oncology. DF declares no conflicts of interest. PH reports personal fees for advisory board membership from AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology, GSK, ImmunoGen, Mersana, Miltenyi, MSD, Novartis and Roche; personal fees as an invited speaker from Amgen, Eisai, Stryker and Zai Lab; personal fees for lectures from AstraZeneca, GSK, MSD and Roche; personal fees as an IDMC member from SOTIO; institutional funding as Trial Chair from AstraZeneca, GSK, ImmunoGen and Roche; institutional funding as local PI from Genmab; institutional funding from Clovis Oncology and Seagen; and a non-remunerated role as PI for AstraZeneca. FJ reports personal fees for advisory board membership from AstraZeneca, Bayer, BMS, Eisai, GSK, Ipsen, Janssen, MSD, Novocure and Seagen; personal fees as an invited speaker from Amgen, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Eisai, GSK, Ipsen, Janssen, MSD and Novartis/3A; institutional funding as coordinating PI from AstraZeneca and GSK; an institutional research grant from BMS; non-renumerated membership of GCIG; and travel compensation from Eisai, GSK, Ipsen and MSD. CLa personal fees for advisory board membership from AstraZeneca and Illumina; and institutional funding from AstraZeneca. CLo declares no conflicts of interest. SM reports personal fees and reimbursement for advisory board membership from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Clovis, Eisai and Novartis; personal fees and reimbursement as an invited speaker from GSK, Hubro, MSD, Nykode, Pfizer, Roche and Tesaro; and institutional research grants from AstraZeneca, Eisai, Roche and Tesaro. FM reports personal fees for advisory board membership from AstraZeneca, Eisai, GenomicHealth, Gilead/Immunomedics, MSD, Myriad, Novartis, PharmaMar, Roche and Seagen; personal fees as an invited speaker from AstraZeneca, Clovis, GSK/Tesaro, Lilly and Pfizer; institutional fees for advisory board membership from Immunicom and Roche; institutional fees as an invited speaker from AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, GSK and Seagen; institutional funding as coordinating PI from AGO Research GmbH, AstraZeneca, the German Breast Group, Gilead/Immunomedics and Roche; institutional funding as local PI from Eisai, GSK, MSD, Novartis, Roche and Vaccibody; and institutional funding from AstraZeneca, Lilly and Seagen. CM reports personal fees for advisory board membership from Amgen, AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, MSD, Novartis, PharmaMar, Roche Austria and Seagen; and personal fees as an invited speaker from Amgen, AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, MSD, Novartis, PharmaMar, Roche and Seagen. WGM reports personal fees as an invited speaker from GSK. IAM reports personal fees for advisory board membership from Alkermes, AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology, Duke Street Bio, GSK, OncoC4, Roche and Theolytics; personal fees for consultancy from Duke Street Bio; personal fees for travel from AstraZeneca and GSK; institutional funding from AstraZeneca; and a non-remunerated role as a member of the Board of Directors (Trustee) of Worldwide Cancer Research. PM reports personal fees for advisory board membership from AstraZeneca, GSK and ImmunoGen. SN reports personal fees for advisory board membership from AstraZeneca and GSK; personal fees as an invited speaker from AstraZeneca, Clovis and GSK; personal fees for Scientific Committee membership from GSK; ownership of stocks/shares of GSK; and institutional funding from AstraZeneca. AO reports personal fees for advisory board membership from Agenus, AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology, Corcept Therapeutics, Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Eisai, Exelisis, EMD Serono, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Genmab, GSK, ImmunoGen, Itheos, Merck Sharps & Dohme de España, SA, Mersana Therapeutics, Novocure, OneXerna Therapeutics, Inc., PharmaMar, Regeneron, Sattucklabs, Seagen and Sutro Biopharma; personal fees for travel/accommodation from AstraZeneca, PharmaMar and Roche; institutional funding from Abbvie Deutschland, Advaxis Inc., Aeterna Zentaris, Amgen, Aprea Therapeutics AB, BMS, Clovis Oncology Inc., Eisai Ltd., F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., ImmunoGen Inc., Merck, Sharp & Dohme de España SA, Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., PharmaMar SA, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals and Tesaro Inc.; non-remunerated roles at ESMO (member, Officer, Co-Chair of the ESMO Gynaecological Cancers Congress 2023-2025, Chair of the Gynaecological Track ESMO 2019, Scientific Track Member Gynaecological Cancers ESMO 2018, ESMO 2020, ESMO 2022, member of the Gynaecological Cancers Faculty and Subject Editor for the Gynaecological CPGs); non-remunerated roles at GCIG [member and Cervix Cancer Chair on behalf of the Spanish Ovarian Cancer Research Group (GEICO)]; and memberships of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, the Gynecologic Oncology Group and the Spanish Association of Medical Oncology (SEOM). JAPF reports personal fees for advisory board membership from Abilify Pharma, AstraZeneca, Clovis, GSK, PharmaMar and Roche; personal fees as an invited speaker from AstraZeneca, Clovis, GSK and PharmaMar; employment as Associate Professor at the University of Valencia; institutional funding as coordinating PI from AstraZeneca; institutional funding from Novartis and GSK; institutional research grants from GSK and PharmaMar; personal fees as a member of a Steering Committee for Artios Pharma and AstraZeneca; a non-renumerated role as coordinating PI of a phase III trial for Novartis; non-renumerated membership of BIG, the Early Drug Development working group at ENGOT and the Adolescent and Young Adults working group at SEOM; a non-renumerated role as Co-chair of the Phase 2 group at GCIG; non-renumerated roles as member of the Executive Committee and Head of the Scientific Committee at GEICO; and non-renumerated roles as member of the Executive Committee and co-coordinator of Uterine Sarcoma Group at the Spanish Sarcoma Research Group. SP reports personal fees for advisory board membership from AstraZeneca, Clovis, GSK, MSD, PharmaMar and Roche; and institutional funding from AstraZeneca, MSD, Pfizer and Roche. PTR declares no conflicts of interest. IRC reports personal fees for advisory board membership from Adaptimmune, Agenus, Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS, Clovis Oncology, Daiichi Sankyo, Deciphera, EQRX, Eisai, GSK, MacroGenics, Merck Sereno, Mersana, Novartis, Oxnea, Roche and Sutro Biopharma; institutional fees for advisory board membership from MSD; institutional fees for translational research from BMS; a non-remunerated role as President of GINECO; and a non-remunerated role as PI for PAOLA-1. IR reports personal fees for advisory board membership and as an invited speaker from AstraZeneca, Clovis, GSK, PharmaMar and Roche; institutional funding from AstraZeneca; an institutional research grant from GSK; a non-renumerated advisory role at GEICO; and non-renumerated membership of SEOM. GS reports personal fees as an invited speaker from AstraZeneca/MSD, Baxter Healthcare, GlaxoSmithKline, Intuitive Surgical Inc., Johnson & Johnson and Olympus Europa; personal fees for expert testimony from Covidien AG (a Medtronic company); institutional funding as coordinating PI from AstraZeneca, Bayer AG, Clovis Oncology, Kiromic, Merck, Novocure Ltd. and Oncoquest Pharmaceuticals Inc. JS reports personal fees for advisory board membership from AstraZeneca, GSK, Immunogene, Incyte, MSD, Novocure, Roche, Tesaro and Tubulis; personal fees as an invited speaker from Eisai; institutional funding from AstraZeneca, GSK and Roche; non-renumerated ENGOT/NOGGO proprietary information; non-renumerated leadership roles at AGO (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Gynäkologische Onkologie), NOGGO and PARSGO (Pan-Arabian Research Society of Gynecological Oncology); and non-renumerated membership of the ESGO Council. RSF reports personal fees for advisory board membership from MSD and Neopharm; personal fees as an invited speaker from AstraZeneca, BMS, Medison, MSD, Novartis and Roche; personal fees for consultancy from Medison; personal fees as a member of a Steering Committee for MSD and VBL; non-renumerated membership of a Steering Committee for AstraZeneca; and an institutional research grant from MSD. SS reports personal fees as an invited speaker from AstraZeneca, GSK and MSD; an institutional research grant from AOA Dx; and a leadership role for the National Ovarian Cancer Audit (UK). DSPT reports personal fees for advisory board membership from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eisai, Genmab, GSK, MSD and Roche; personal fees as an invited speaker from AstraZeneca, Eisai, GSK, Merck Serono, MSD, Roche and Takeda; ownership of stocks/shares of Asian Microbiome Library (AMiLi); institutional research grants from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Karyopharm Therapeutics and Roche; institutional funding as coordinating PI from AstraZeneca and Bergen Bio; institutional funding as local PI from Bayer, Byondis B.V. and Zeria Pharmaceutical Co Ltd.; a previous non-renumerated role as Chair of the Asia-Pacific Gynecologic Oncology Trials Group (APGOT); a previous non-renumerated role as the Society President of the Gynecologic Cancer Group Singapore; non-renumerated membership of the Board of Directors of the GCIG; and product samples from AstraZeneca, Cyclacel Pharmaceuticals, Eisai and MSD (non-financial interest). CT declares no conflicts of interest. WJvD declares no conflicts of interest. IV reports past personal fees for advisory board consultancy from Agenus, Aksebio China, AstraZeneca, BMS, Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Eisai, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Genmab, GSK, ImmunoGen Inc., Jazzpharma, Karyopharm, Molecular Partners, MSD, Novartis, Novocure, Oncoinvent AS, Regeneron, Seagen and SOTIO a.s.; past institutional fees for advisory board consultancy from Amgen (Europe), AstraZeneca, Carrick Therapeutics, Clovis Oncology Inc., Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Elevar Therapeutics, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Genmab, GSK, Mersana, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, MSD, Oncoinvent AS, SOTIO a.s., Verastem Oncology and Zentalis; and institutional research grants from Amgen, Genmab, Oncoinvent AS and Roche. FP declares no conflicts of interest. CS reports personal fees as a Gynaeco-oncology Certificate of Advanced Studies Coordinator for the European School of Oncology; personal fees as a DMC member from Merck; non-renumerated advisory roles for ESMO as a member of the Compliance Committee and an ESMO extended member of the Women for Oncology Committee; and a non-renumerated role as an advisor for the ESMO Living Guidelines. AF reports personal fees for advisory board membership from AstraZeneca and MSD; personal fees as an invited speaker from Fondazione Internazionale Menarini, GSK, Johnson & Johnson and PharmaMar; and institutional funding as coordinating PI from AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson and Roche., (Copyright © 2024 European Society for Medical Oncology, European Society of Gynecological Oncology, European Society of Pathology. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Primary vaginal malignancies are rare, comprising only 2% of all female genital tract malignancies in adults and 4.5% in children. As part of its mission to improve the quality of care for women with gynecological cancers across Europe, the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO) jointly with the European Society for Radiotherapy & Oncology (ESTRO) and the European Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOPe) developed evidence-based guidelines in order to improve the management of patients with vaginal cancer within a multidisciplinary setting. ESTRO/ESGO/SIOPe nominated practicing clinicians who are involved in the management of vaginal cancer patients and have demonstrated leadership through their expertise in clinical care and research, their national and international engagement and profile as well as dedication to the topics addressed to serve on the expert panel (13 experts across Europe comprising the international development group). To ensure that the statements were evidence based, the current literature was reviewed and critically appraised. In the case of absence of any clear scientific evidence, judgment was based on the professional experience and consensus of the international development group. Prior to publication, the guidelines were reviewed by 112 independent international practitionners in cancer care delivery and patient representatives and their comments and input were incorporated and addressed accordingly. These guidelines cover comprehensively the diagnostic pathways as well as the surgical, radiotherapeutical and systemic management and follow-up of adult patients (including those with rare histological subtypes) and pediatric patients (vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma and germ cell tumours) with vaginal tumours., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V., IGCS and ESGO. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO), the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO), and the European Society of Pathology (ESP) jointly published comprehensive evidence-based guidelines on all relevant issues of diagnosis and treatment in endometrial carcinoma in a multidisciplinary setting. In order to improve their implementation, a free downloadable easy-to-use mobile app was developed.Two interactive decision tools were created for (1) helping users to identify the recommended surgical steps, especially in terms of nodal staging approach based on the pre-operatively assumed risk group (tool #1), and (2) to facilitate prognostic risk group allocation and adjuvant treatment decision-making after primary surgery integrating both clinicopathological and molecular markers (if known) (tool #2). Algorithms and readable guidelines were also incorporated into the mobile app on all relevant issues of diagnosis and treatment. The scientific content presented in the app will be updated and modified in the future based on new evidence and user feedback.This article presents the decision tools and two practical examples of using these calculators to illustrate that the ESGO mobile app (available without the necessity of an internet connection) can provide fast and accurate responses to complex clinical questions that require the evaluation of numerous parameters., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The research activity of XMG is supported by Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC). TG, RS, ELF, TEN, CLC, JL, FP, and NC have reported no conflicts of interest., (© IGCS and ESGO 2023. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Primary vaginal malignancies are rare, comprising only 2% of all female genital tract malignancies in adults and 4.5% in children. As part of its mission to improve the quality of care for women with gynecological cancers across Europe, the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO) jointly with the European Society for Radiotherapy & Oncology (ESTRO) and the European Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOPe) developed evidence-based guidelines in order to improve the management of patients with vaginal cancer within a multidisciplinary setting.ESTRO/ESGO/SIOPe nominated practicing clinicians who are involved in the management of vaginal cancer patients and have demonstrated leadership through their expertise in clinical care and research, their national and international engagement and profile as well as dedication to the topics addressed to serve on the expert panel (13 experts across Europe comprising the international development group). To ensure that the statements were evidence based, the current literature was reviewed and critically appraised.In the case of absence of any clear scientific evidence, judgment was based on the professional experience and consensus of the international development group. Prior to publication, the guidelines were reviewed by 112 independent international practitionners in cancer care delivery and patient representatives and their comments and input were incorporated and addressed accordingly.These guidelines cover comprehensively the diagnostic pathways as well as the surgical, radiotherapeutical and systemic management and follow-up of adult patients (including those with rare histological subtypes) and pediatric patients (vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma and germ cell tumours) with vaginal tumours., Competing Interests: Competing interests: CC has reported advisory boards for GSK and MSD; SL has reported advisory boards for GSK, MSD, Novartis and AstraZeneca;MPS has reported grants and personal fees for workshops from Elekta AB; CF has reported advisory board for Roche, Tesaro, GSK, MDS/AZ, Clovis., (© IGCS and ESGO 2023. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Background: As part of its mission to improve the quality of care for women with gynecological cancers across Europe, the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO) first published in 2017 evidence-based guidelines for the management of patients with vulvar cancer., Objective: To update the ESGO guidelines based on the new evidence addressing the management of vulvar cancer and to cover new topics in order to provide comprehensive guidelines on all relevant issues of diagnosis and treatment of vulvar cancer., Methods: The ESGO Council nominated an international development group comprised of practicing clinicians who provide care to vulvar cancer patients and have demonstrated leadership through their expertize in clinical care and research, national and international engagement and profile as well as dedication to the topics addressed to serve on the expert panel (18 experts across Europe). To ensure that the statements were evidence-based, new data identified from a systematic search were reviewed and critically appraised. In the absence of any clear scientific evidence, judgment was based on the professional experience and consensus of the international development group. Prior to publication, the guidelines were reviewed by 206 international practitioners in cancer care delivery and patient representatives., Results: The updated guidelines cover comprehensively diagnosis and referral, staging, pathology, pre-operative investigations, surgical management (local treatment, groin treatment, sentinel lymph node procedure, reconstructive surgery), (chemo)radiotherapy, systemic treatment, treatment of recurrent disease (vulvar, inguinal, pelvic, and distant recurrences), and follow-up. Management algorithms are also defined., Competing Interests: Competing interests: SM has reported advisory boards for AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Clovis, Eisai, GlaxoSmithKline, Hubro, MEdac, MSD, Novartis, Nykode, Novartis, Olympus, PharmaMar, Pfizer, Roche, Sensor Kinesis, Teva, Tesaro, and grants for travelling from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Clovis, Eisai, GlaxoSmithKline, Hubro, MEdac, MSD, Novartis, Nykode, Olympus, PharmaMar, Pfizer, Roche, Sensor Kinesis, Teva, Tesaro. AR has reported institutional grants from Eisai, PharmaMar, Roche, speaker’s bureau for AstraZeneca, MSD, GlaxoSmithKline, PharmaMar, Clovis, advisory boards for AstraZeneca, Eisai, GlaxoSmithKline, PharmaMar, Clovis, and grants for travelling from AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Clovis, and PharmaMar. AS has reported grants for travelling from Elekta, Stiftung Filantropie Österreich, and Medizinische Universität Wien. AT has reported advisory boards for MSD. LW has reported funding from MEdac Oncology, Roche Diagnostics, Hamburger KG, DKH, honoraria from Roche, Tesaro, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, GynOnko Update, AstraZeneca, Teva, Omniamed, Promedicis, MSD, Eisai, Seagen, and advisory boards for MSD, GlaxoSmithKline, Roche, Eisai, and Seagen. MHMO, FP, PB, MRM, DF, CLC, EG, GG, SL, EU, VV, AvdZ, DZ, GFZ, and IZ have reported no conflicts of interest., (© IGCS and ESGO 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. Published by BMJ.)

In 2018, the European Society of Gynecological Oncology (ESGO) jointly with the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) and the European Society of Pathology (ESP) published evidence-based guidelines for the management of patients with cervical cancer. Given the large body of new evidence addressing the management of cervical cancer, the three sister societies jointly decided to update these evidence-based guidelines. The update includes new topics to provide comprehensive guidelines on all relevant issues of diagnosis and treatment in cervical cancer. To serve on the expert panel (27 experts across Europe) ESGO/ESTRO/ESP nominated practicing clinicians who are involved in managing patients with cervical cancer and have demonstrated leadership through their expertise in clinical care and research, national and international engagement, profile, and dedication to the topics addressed. To ensure the statements were evidence based, new data identified from a systematic search was reviewed and critically appraised. In the absence of any clear scientific evidence, judgment was based on the professional experience and consensus of the international development group. Before publication, the guidelines were reviewed by 155 independent international practitioners in cancer care delivery and patient representatives. These updated guidelines are comprehensive and cover staging, management, follow-up, long-term survivorship, quality of life and palliative care. Management includes fertility sparing treatment, early and locally advanced cervical cancer, invasive cervical cancer diagnosed on a simple hysterectomy specimen, cervical cancer in pregnancy, rare tumors, recurrent and metastatic diseases. The management algorithms and the principles of radiotherapy and pathological evaluation are also defined., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interests CCh has reported advisory boards for GSK, MSD and EISAI; SFL has reported advisory boards for MSD, GSK, AstraZeneca and Novartis; DL has reported consultant honoria from AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology, GSK, MSD, Immunogen, Genmab, Amgen, Seagen and PharmaMar, advisory boards for AstraZeneca, Merck Serono, Seagen, Immunogen, Genmab, Oncoinvest, Corcept and Sutro, research institutional funding from Clovis Oncology, GSK, MSD and PharmaMar, research sponsored by AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology, Genmab, GSK, Immunogen, Incyte, MSD, Roche, Seagen and Novartis, and speakers’ bureau activities for AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology, GSK, MSD and PharmaMar; UM has reported advisory boards for AstraZeneca (Steering committee member for CALLA Study); RN has reported research grants from Elekta, Varian, Accuray, Dutch Research Council, and Dutch Cancer Society; AO has reported personal fees for advisory board membersip from Agenus, AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology, Corcept Therapeutics, Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Eisai, EMD Serono, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Genmab/Seagen, GSK, ImmunoGen, Itheos, Merck Sharp & Dohme de Espana, SA, Mersana Thereapeutics, Novocure, PharmaMar, piIME Oncology, Roche, Sattucklabs, Sutro Biopharma and Tesaro, and personal fees for travel/accomodation from AstraZeneca, PharmaMar and Roche; DQ has reported advisory boards for Mimark inc; MPS has reported research grants and personal fees for workshops from Elekta AB; DC, MRR, FP, CC, AF, DF, DJK, FJ, CK, PM, RN, FPec, JP, SR, AS, VS, KT, IZ and JCL have reported no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 ESGO, ESTRO, ESP. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: The European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO) has previously defined and established a list of quality indicators for the surgical treatment of cervical cancer. As a continuation of this effort to improve overall quality of care for cervical cancer patients across all aspects, ESGO and the European SocieTy for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) initiated the development of quality indicators for radiation therapy of cervical cancer., Objective: To develop a list of quality indicators for radiation therapy of cervical cancer that can be used to audit and improve clinical practice by giving to practitioners and administrators a quantitative basis to improve care and organizational processes, notably for recognition of the increased complexity of modern external radiotherapy and brachytherapy techniques., Methods: Quality indicators were based on scientific evidence and/or expert consensus. The development process included a systematic literature search for identification of potential quality indicators and documentation of scientific evidence, consensus meetings of a group of international experts, an internal validation process, and external review by a large international panel of clinicians (n=99)., Results: Using a structured format, each quality indicator has a description specifying what the indicator is measuring. Measurability specifications are detailed to define how the quality indicators will be measured in practice. Targets were also defined for specifying the level which each unit or center should be aiming to achieve. Nineteen structural, process, and outcome indicators were defined. Quality indicators 1-6 are general requirements related to pretreatment workup, time to treatment, upfront radiation therapy, and overall management, including active participation in clinical research and the decision making process within a structured multidisciplinary team. Quality indicators 7-17 are related to treatment indicators. Quality indicators 18 and 19 are related to patient outcomes., Discussion: This set of quality indicators is a major instrument to standardize the quality of radiation therapy in cervical cancer. A scoring system combining surgical and radiotherapeutic quality indicators will be developed within an envisaged future ESGO accreditation process for the overall management of cervical cancer, in an effort to support institutional and governmental quality assurance programs., Competing Interests: Competing interests: CC has reported personal fees and non-financial support from GSK, MSD, and AstraZeneca, and service as an investigator for clinical trials sponsored by TherAgulX and Roche. AS has reported grants for travelling and teaching from Elekta AB. RAN has reported conducting research sponsored by Elekta, Varian, and Accuray. CF has reported being on the advisory board for Roche, Tesaro, GSK, MDS/AZ, and Clovis., (© IGCS and ESGO 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)

The European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO), the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease (ISSVD), the European College for the Study of Vulval Disease (ECSVD), and the European Federation for Colposcopy (EFC) developed consensus statements on pre-invasive vulvar lesions in order to improve the quality of care for patients with vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN). The management of VaIN varies according to the grade of the lesion: VaIN 1 (low grade vaginal squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL)) can be subjected to follow-up, while VaIN 2-3 (high-grade vaginal SIL) should be treated. Treatment needs individualization according to the patient's characteristics, disease extension and previous therapeutic procedures. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment and should be performed if invasion cannot be excluded. Total vaginectomy is used only in highly selected cases of extensive and persistent disease. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) laser may be used as both an ablation method and an excisional one. Reported cure rates after laser excision and laser ablation are similar. Topical agents are useful for persistent, multifocal lesions or for patients who cannot undergo surgical treatment. Imiquimod was associated with the lowest recurrence rate, highest human papillomavirus (HPV) clearance, and can be considered the best topical approach. Trichloroacetic acid and 5-fluorouracil are historical options and should be discouraged. For VaIN after hysterectomy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 3, laser vaporization and topical agents are not the best options, since they cannot reach epithelium buried in the vaginal scar. In these cases surgical options are preferable. Brachytherapy has a high overall success rate but due to late side effects should be reserved for poor surgical candidates, having multifocal disease, and with failed prior treatments. VaIN tends to recur and ensuring patient adherence to close follow-up visits is of the utmost importance. The first evaluation should be performed at 6 months with cytology and an HPV test during 2 years and annually thereafter. The implementation of vaccination against HPV infection is expected to contribute to the prevention of VaIN and thus cancer of the vagina. The effects of treatment can have an impact on quality of life and result in psychological and psychosexual issues which should be addressed. Patients with VaIN need clear and up-to-date information on a range of treatment options including risks and benefits, as well as the need for follow-up and the risk of recurrence., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© ESGO, ISSVD, EFC, ECSVD 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)

Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared.

Background: The standard surgical treatment of endometrial carcinoma (EC) consisting of total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy drastically affects the quality of life of patients and creates a challenge for clinicians. Recent evidence-based guidelines of the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO), the European SocieTy for Radiotherapy & Oncology (ESTRO) and the European Society of Pathology (ESP) provide comprehensive guidelines on all relevant issues of diagnosis and treatment in EC in a multidisciplinary setting. While also addressing work-up for fertility preservation treatments and the management and follow-up for fertility preservation, it was considered relevant to further extend the guidance on fertility sparing treatment., Objectives: To define recommendations for fertility-sparing treatment of patients with endometrial carcinoma., Materials and Methods: ESGO/ESHRE/ESGE nominated an international multidisciplinary development group consisting of practicing clinicians and researchers who have demonstrated leadership and expertise in the care and research of EC (11 experts across Europe). To ensure that the guidelines are evidence-based, the literature published since 2016, identified from a systematic search was reviewed and critically appraised. In the absence of any clear scientific evidence, judgment was based on the professional experience and consensus of the development group. The guidelines are thus based on the best available evidence and expert agreement. Prior to publication, the guidelines were reviewed by 95 independent international practitioners in cancer care delivery and patient representatives., Results: The multidisciplinary development group formulated 48 recommendations for fertility-sparing treatment of patients with endometrial carcinoma in four sections: patient selection, tumour clinicopathological characteristics, treatment and special issues., Conclusions: These recommendations provide guidance to professionals caring for women with endometrial carcinoma, including but not limited to professionals in the field of gynaecological oncology, onco-fertility, reproductive surgery, endoscopy, conservative surgery, and histopathology, and will help towards a holistic and multidisciplinary approach for this challenging clinical scenario., What Is New?: A collaboration was set up between the ESGO, ESHRE and ESGE, aiming to develop clinically relevant and evidence-based guidelines focusing on key aspects of fertility-sparing treatment in order to improve the quality of care for women with endometrial carcinoma across Europe and worldwide.

Stage-I testicular germ-cell tumor (TGCT) has excellent cure rates. Surveillance is fully included in patient's management, particularly during the first years of follow-up. Surveillance guidelines differ between the academic societies, mainly concerning imaging frequency and long-term follow-up. We evaluated surveillance practice and schedules followed by French specialists and set up a DELPHI method to obtain a consensual surveillance program with an optimal schedule for patients with localized TGCT. First, an online survey on surveillance practice of stage-I TGCT based on clinical-cases was conducted among urologists, radiation-oncologists and medical-oncologists. These results were compared to ESMO/EAU and AFU guidelines. Then a panel of experts assessed surveillance proposals following a Delphi-CM. Statements were drafted after analysis of the previous survey and systematic literature review, with 2 successive rounds to reach a consensus. The study was conducted between July 2018 and May 2019. Concerning the first step: 61 participated to the survey (69% medical-oncologists, 15% urologists, 16% radiation-oncologists). About 65% of practitioners followed clinico-biological guidelines concerning 1 to 5 years of follow-up, but only 25% stopped surveillance after the 5th-year. No physician followed the EAU/ESMO guidelines of de-escalation chest imaging. Concerning the second step: 32 experts (78% medical-oncologists, 16% urologists, 6% radiation-oncologists) participated to the Delphi-CM. Thanks to Delphi-CM, a consensus was reached for 26 of the 38 statements. Experts agreed on clinico-biological surveillance modalities and end of surveillance after the 5th-year of follow-up. For seminoma, abdominal ultrasound was proposed as an option to the abdominopelvic (AP) scan for the 4th-year of follow-up. No consensus was reached regarding de-escalation of chest imaging. To conclude, the survey proved that French TGCT-specialists do not follow current guidelines. With Delphi-CM, a consensus was obtained for frequency of clinico-biological surveillance, discontinuation of surveillance after the 5th-year, stop of AP scan on the 4th-year of follow-up for seminoma. Questions remains concerning type and frequency of chest imaging., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Da Silva, Fléchon, Coquan, Planchamp, Culine, Murez, Méjean, Pasquier, Chevreau, Fizazi, Thiery-Vuilemin and Joly.)

The European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO), the International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease (ISSVD), the European College for the Study of Vulval Disease (ECSVD), and the European Federation for Colposcopy (EFC) developed consensus statements on pre-invasive vulvar lesions in order to improve the quality of care for patients with vulvar squamous intraepithelial neoplasia, vulvar Paget disease in situ, and melanoma in situ. For differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN), an excisional procedure must always be adopted. For vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (VHSIL), both excisional procedures and ablative ones can be used. The latter can be considered for anatomy and function preservation and must be preceded by several representative biopsies to exclude malignancy. Medical treatment (imiquimod or cidofovir) can be considered for VHSIL. Recent studies favor an approach of using imiquimod in vulvar Paget's disease. Surgery must take into consideration that the extension of the disease is usually wider than what is evident in the skin. A 2 cm margin is usually considered necessary. A wide local excision with 1 cm free surgical margins is recommended for melanoma in situ. Following treatment of pre-invasive vulvar lesions, women should be seen on a regular basis for careful clinical assessment, including biopsy of any suspicious area. Follow-up should be modulated according to the risk of recurrence (type of lesion, patient age and immunological conditions, other associated lower genital tract lesions)., Competing Interests: Competing interests: CC: advisory boards for GSK and MSD, support for clinical research from Roche and TherAguiX; DQ: advisory boards for Mimark; EJ: advisory boards for MSD and Roche Diagnostics, grants for traveling from MSD; JB support for clinical research from Merck (Galilee Medical Center Research Fund), member of speakers’ bureau for MSD Israel. BET, BEE, CS, DH, FB, FP, JZ, LW, MB, MEC, MG, MP, MVB, NG, OR, PVB, VK, XC: no conflict of interest., (© IGCS and ESGO 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)

Background: Quality of surgical care as a crucial component of a comprehensive multi-disciplinary management improves outcomes in patients with endometrial carcinoma, notably helping to avoid suboptimal surgical treatment. Quality indicators (QIs) enable healthcare professionals to measure their clinical management with regard to ideal standards of care., Objective: In order to complete its set of QIs for the surgical management of gynecological cancers, the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO) initiated the development of QIs for the surgical treatment of endometrial carcinoma., Methods: QIs were based on scientific evidence and/or expert consensus. The development process included a systematic literature search for the identification of potential QIs and documentation of the scientific evidence, two consensus meetings of a group of international experts, an internal validation process, and external review by a large international panel of clinicians and patient representatives. QIs were defined using a structured format comprising metrics specifications, and targets. A scoring system was then developed to ensure applicability and feasibility of a future ESGO accreditation process based on these QIs for endometrial carcinoma surgery and support any institutional or governmental quality assurance programs., Results: Twenty-nine structural, process and outcome indicators were defined. QIs 1-5 are general indicators related to center case load, training, experience of the surgeon, structured multi-disciplinarity of the team and active participation in clinical research. QIs 6 and 7 are related to the adequate pre-operative investigations. QIs 8-22 are related to peri-operative standards of care. QI 23 is related to molecular markers for endometrial carcinoma diagnosis and as determinants for treatment decisions. QI 24 addresses the compliance of management of patients after primary surgical treatment with the standards of care. QIs 25-29 highlight the need for a systematic assessment of surgical morbidity and oncologic outcome as well as standardized and comprehensive documentation of surgical and pathological elements. Each QI was associated with a score. An assessment form including a scoring system was built as basis for ESGO accreditation of centers for endometrial cancer surgery., Competing Interests: Competing interests: NC: advisory boards for Akesobio, Ensai, GSK, AstraZeneca, Mersana, Seattle Genetics, eTherRNA immunotherapies; NV grants for travelling from Roche, Genmab, Amgen and educational fees from MSD, Medscape Oncology, TouchIME. NRA-R: research grants (paid to his institution) from Stryker/Novadaq and GRAIL and funds from the NIH/NCI Cancer Center (support grant P30 CA008748). BA: advisory boards for Roche, Tesaro/GSK, Amgen, MSD; grants for traveling from Roche, Tesaro/GSK, Pharmamar; and educational fees from Roche, Tesaro/GSK, Celgene, Clovis, AstraZeneca, Novartis. DC: advisory boards for Akesobio, AstraZeneca, GSK, MSD, Novocure, Roche, Seagen, Sotio. AF: advisory boards for AstraZeneca, MSD and grants for traveling from Pharmamar. CF: advisory boards for Roche, Ethicon, Sequana, GSK, MSD/AZ, Clovis, Tesaro. CM: advisory boards for Roche, Novartis, Amgen, MSD, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Pharmamar, Cerulean, Vertex, Tesaro, GSK and grants for traveling from Roche, Novartis, Amgen, MSD, Pharmamar, AstraZeneca, Tesaro, GSK. DQ: advisory boards for Arquer Diagnostics Ltd. JS: advisory boards for Novocure, Roche, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, GSK, Clovis, Eisei and grants for traveling from Roche, GSK, AstraZeneca. IV: consulting activities for Agenus, Aksebio, Amgen (Europe) GmbH, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Clovis Oncology Inc, Carrick Therapeutics, Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Eisai, Elevar Therapeutics, F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd, Genmab, GSK, Immunogen Inc, Jazzpharma, Karyopharm, Mersana, Millenium Pharmaceuticals, MSD, Novocure, Novartis, Octimet Oncology, NV, Oncoinvent AS, Seagen, Sotio a.s., Verastem Oncology, Zentalis; contracted research (via KULeuven) for Oncoinvent AS, Genmab; corporate sponsored research for Amgen, Roche; and grants for traveling and accommodations from Amgen, MSD, Tesaro, AstraZeneca, Roche. PW: advisory boards for Amgen, AstraZeneca, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Clovis, GSK and grants for traveling from Roche, Novartis, AstraZeneca. JP: advisory boards for Intuitive surgical, Medtronics., (© IGCS and ESGO 2021. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

The European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO) developed and established for the first time in 2016, and updated in 2020, quality indicators for advanced ovarian cancer surgery to audit and improve clinical practice in Europe and beyond. As a sequela of the continuous effort to improve oncologic care in patients with ovarian cancer, ESGO issued in 2018 a consensus guidance jointly with the European Society of Medical Oncology addressing in a multidisciplinary fashion 20 selected key questions in the management of ovarian cancer, ranging from molecular pathology to palliation in primary and relapse disease. In order to complement the above achievements and consolidate the promoted systemic advances and surgical expertise with adequate peri-operative management, ESGO developed, as the next step, clinically relevant and evidence-based guidelines focusing on key aspects of peri-operative care and management of complications as part of its mission to improve the quality of care for women with advanced ovarian cancer and reduce iatrogenic morbidity. To do so, ESGO nominated an international multidisciplinary development group consisting of practicing clinicians and researchers who have demonstrated leadership and expertise in the care and research of ovarian cancer (18 experts across Europe). To ensure that the guidelines are evidence based, the literature published since 2015, identified from a systematic search, was reviewed and critically appraised. In the absence of any clear scientific evidence, judgment was based on the professional experience and consensus of the development group. The guidelines are thus based on the best available evidence and expert agreement. Prior to publication, the guidelines were reviewed by 117 independent international practitioners in cancer care delivery and patient representatives., Competing Interests: Competing interests: CF: advisory boards for AstraZeneca, Clovis, Ethicon, Roche, MSD, GlaxoSmithKline, Tesaro, and grants for travelling from Sequana. AH: advisory boards for PharmaMar, Promedicis GmbH, Pierre Fabre Pharma GmbH, Roche Pharma AG, Tesaro Bio, Germany GmbH, MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH, and honoraria from AstraZeneca GmbH, Celgen, MedConcept GmbH, Med update GmbH, Medicultus, Pfizer, Promedicis GmbH, Pierre Fabre, Roche Pharma AG, Tesaro Bio Germany GmbH, LEO Pharma. SSc: advisory boards for GlaxoSmithKline/Tesaro, Clovis, and grants for traveling from GlaxoSmithKline/Tesaro, Pharma Mar. JS: advisory boards for Roche, GlaxoSmithKline, AstraZeneca, Clovis, MSD, Merck, and grants for travelling from Roche, GlaxoSmithKline, AstraZeneca, Clovis. RUT: advisory boards for Atara Bio, research sponsored by Roche, grants for traveling from Roche, Atara Bio, Celgene, AbbVie, Glaxo Smith Kline and Janssen. TA, JC, LC, AC, OE, AF, DH, CH, PK, PM, FP, ES, SSu, and CT: no conflicts of interest., (© IGCS and ESGO 2021. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

The European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO), the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG), the International Ovarian Tumour Analysis (IOTA) group and the European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy (ESGE) jointly developed clinically relevant and evidence-based statements on the preoperative diagnosis of ovarian tumors, including imaging techniques, biomarkers and prediction models. ESGO/ISUOG/IOTA/ESGE nominated a multidisciplinary international group, including expert practising clinicians and researchers who have demonstrated leadership and expertise in the preoperative diagnosis of ovarian tumors and management of patients with ovarian cancer (19 experts across Europe). A patient representative was also included in the group. To ensure that the statements were evidence-based, the current literature was reviewed and critically appraised. Preliminary statements were drafted based on the review of the relevant literature. During a conference call, the whole group discussed each preliminary statement and a first round of voting was carried out. Statements were removed when consensus among group members was not obtained. The voters had the opportunity to provide comments/suggestions with their votes. The statements were then revised accordingly. Another round of voting was carried out according to the same rules to allow the whole group to evaluate the revised version of the statements. The group achieved consensus on 18 statements. This Consensus Statement presents these ESGO/ISUOG/IOTA/ESGE statements on the preoperative diagnosis of ovarian tumors and the assessment of carcinomatosis, together with a summary of the evidence supporting each statement.

The European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO), the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG), the International Ovarian Tumour Analysis (IOTA) group, and the European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy (ESGE) jointly developed clinically relevant and evidence-based statements on the pre-operative diagnosis of ovarian tumors, including imaging techniques, biomarkers, and prediction models. ESGO/ISUOG/IOTA/ESGE nominated a multidisciplinary international group, including expert practising clinicians and researchers who have demonstrated leadership and expertise in the pre-operative diagnosis of ovarian tumors and management of patients with ovarian cancer (19 experts across Europe). A patient representative was also included in the group. To ensure that the statements were evidence-based, the current literature was reviewed and critically appraised. Preliminary statements were drafted based on the review of the relevant literature. During a conference call, the whole group discussed each preliminary statement and a first round of voting was carried out. Statements were removed when a consensus among group members was not obtained. The voters had the opportunity to provide comments/suggestions with their votes. The statements were then revised accordingly. Another round of voting was carried out according to the same rules to allow the whole group to evaluate the revised version of the statements. The group achieved consensus on 18 statements. This Consensus Statement presents these ESGO/ISUOG/IOTA/ESGE statements on the pre-operative diagnosis of ovarian tumors and the assessment of carcinomatosis, together with a summary of the evidence supporting each statement., Competing Interests: Competing interests: DT: senior investigator FWO (Fund for Scientific Research Flanders), and research sponsored by Roche Diagnostics. KU Leuven has consultancy agreements with GE Healthcare, Samsung Healthcare, GSK, and Canon. TB: research sponsored by Roche Diagnostics, Samsung Medison and Illumina, and grants for traveling from Samsung Medison. LC: advisory boards for AstraZeneca, GSK, Takeda, and Roche. DC: advisory boards for Genmab, AstraZeneca, Roche, and Sotio. NC: advisory boards for AstraZeneca, Seattle Genetics, Mersana and eTheRNA Immunotherapies NV, grants for traveling from Roche, Genmab and Amgen, and educational fees from MSD and Medscape Oncology. AdB: advisory boards for Roche, AstraZeneca, GSK/Tesaro, BIOCAD, Clovis, Genmab/Seattle Genetics, Pfizer, and Amgen, and grants for traveling from Roche and AstraZeneca. IV: consulting activities for Amgen, AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology, Carrick Therapeutics, Debiopharm International SA, Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, Elevar Therapeutics, F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Genmab, GSK, Immunogen Inc, Medical University of Vienna, Mersana, Millenium Pharmaceuticals, MSD, Novocure, Octimet Oncology NV, Oncoinvent AS, Pharmamar, Sotioa.s, Tesaro Inc, Verastem Oncology, and Zentalis, contracted research (via KU Leuven) from Oncoinvent AS and Genmab, grants (corporate sponsored research) from Amgen and Roche, and accommodations/travel expenses from Amgen, MSD, Tesaro, AstraZeneca, and Roche. CF: advisory boards for Roche, GSK, Tesaro, AZ/MSD, Clovis, Sequana and Ethicon, and grants for traveling from GSK and Roche. FP, CL, DF, WF, GG, BL, AL, LM, PM, DQ, ACT, VV and GS: no conflicts of interest., (© IGCS and ESGO 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. Published by BMJ.)

A European consensus conference on endometrial carcinoma was held in 2014 to produce multidisciplinary evidence-based guidelines on selected questions. Given the large body of literature on the management of endometrial carcinoma published since 2014, the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO), the European SocieTy for Radiotherapy & Oncology (ESTRO) and the European Society of Pathology (ESP) jointly decided to update these evidence-based guidelines and to cover new topics in order to improve the quality of care for women with endometrial carcinoma across Europe and worldwide. ESGO/ESTRO/ESP nominated an international multidisciplinary development group consisting of practicing clinicians and researchers who have demonstrated leadership and expertise in the care and research of endometrial carcinoma (27 experts across Europe). To ensure that the guidelines are evidence-based, the literature published since 2014, identified from a systematic search was reviewed and critically appraised. In the absence of any clear scientific evidence, judgment was based on the professional experience and consensus of the development group. The guidelines are thus based on the best available evidence and expert agreement. Prior to publication, the guidelines were reviewed by 191 independent international practitioners in cancer care delivery and patient representatives. The guidelines comprehensively cover endometrial carcinoma staging, definition of prognostic risk groups integrating molecular markers, pre- and intra-operative work-up, fertility preservation, management for early, advanced, metastatic, and recurrent disease and palliative treatment. Principles of radiotherapy and pathological evaluation are also defined.

The European Society of Gynaecological Oncology and the European Society for Paediatric Oncology jointly developed clinically relevant and evidence-based guidelines for the management of adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 25 years with non-epithelial ovarian cancers, including malignant ovarian germ cell tumours, sex cord-stromal tumours, and small cell carcinoma of the ovary of hypercalcaemic type. The developmental process of these guidelines is based on a systematic literature review and critical appraisal process involving an international multidisciplinary developmental group consisting of experts from relevant disciplines (paediatric oncology, paediatric surgery, medical oncology, pathology, psycho-oncology, gynaecological oncology, and reproductive endocrinology). Given the specific and often complex issues involved in treating this group of patients, fertility sparing surgery and decrease of acute and long-term toxicities from treatment were important criteria for guidelines definition. Prior to publication, the guidelines were reviewed by 54 independent international practitioners in cancer care delivery., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The European Society of Gynaecologic Oncology (ESGO) guidelines cover the whole field of common clinical situations in gynecologic oncology. Their elaboration follows a strict process including a systematic review of the literature, the setting up of a group of expert on the basis of scientific production, geographical balance, and multidisciplinarity, and an external review by users and patients. The recommendations for the management of vulvar cancer were elaborated in 2015 and published in 2017. They are available in open access on the ESGO website, and can be incorporated in clinical practice using the free ESGO guidelines smartphone application. This review is a selection of the sections addressing the diagnostic and strategical aspects of the management of lymph nodal disease in vulvar cancer. An additional review of the recent literature published since 2015 has been carried out. The management of nodal disease in vulvar cancer encompasses a diagnostic and a therapeutic component. Clinical and imaging assessment still play a major role, whilst the identification of the sentinel node is currently a mainstay of assessment of the nodal status in early vulvar cancer. The therapeutic component is based on the rational use of full lymph node dissection and (chemo)radiation., (Copyright © 2019 Société Française du Cancer. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared.

Background: Optimizing and ensuring the quality of surgical care is essential to improve the management and outcome of patients with cervical cancer.To develop a list of quality indicators for surgical treatment of cervical cancer that can be used to audit and improve clinical practice., Methods: Quality indicators were developed using a four-step evaluation process that included a systematic literature search to identify potential quality indicators, in-person meetings of an ad hoc group of international experts, an internal validation process, and external review by a large panel of European clinicians and patient representatives., Results: Fifteen structural, process, and outcome indicators were selected. Using a structured format, each quality indicator has a description specifying what the indicator is measuring. Measurability specifications are also detailed to define how the indicator will be measured in practice. Each indicator has a target which gives practitioners and health administrators a quantitative basis for improving care and organizational processes., Discussion: Implementation of institutional quality assurance programs can improve quality of care, even in high-volume centers. This set of quality indicators from the European Society of Gynaecological Cancer may be a major instrument to improve the quality of surgical treatment of cervical cancer., Competing Interests: Competing interests: DC has reported advisory roles for AstraZeneca, Roche, and Sotio; FR has reported activities for Roche, AstraZeneca, and Tesaro; IV has reported advisory boards for Advaxis, Inc, Eisai Inc, MSD Belgium, Roche NV, Genmab, F Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, PharmaMar, Millenium Pharmaceuticals, Clovis Oncology Inc, AstraZeneca NV, Tesaro, Oncoinvent AS, Immunogen Inc, Sotio, contracted research (via KU Leuven) with Oncoinvent AS, Genmab, research grants from Amgen, Roche, Stichting tegen Kanker, accommodations and/or travel expenses from Takeda Oncology, PharmaMar, Genmab, Roche, AstraZeneca and Tesaro; DF, CF, CK, FL, PM, RN, FP, JP, DQ, AR, KT, CT, PW, and AGZE have reported no conflicts of interest., (© IGCS and ESGO 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. Published by BMJ.)

Introduction: Rare ovarian tumours include complex borderline ovarian tumours, sex-cord tumours, germ cell tumours and rare epithelial tumours. Indications and modalities of fertility preservation (FP), infertility management, contraindications for hormonal contraception or menopause hormone therapy are frequent issues in clinical practice. A panel of experts from the French national network dedicated to rare gynaecological cancers, and experts in reproductive medicine and gynaecology have built guidelines on FP, contraception and menopause hormone therapy in women treated for ovarian rare tumours., Material and Methods: A panel of 35 experts from different specialties contributed to the preparation of the guidelines, following the DELPHI method (formal consensus method). Statements were drafted after a systematic literature review and then rated through two successive rounds., Results: Thirty-five recommendations were identified, concerning indications for FP, contraindications for ovarian stimulation, contraceptive options and menopause hormone therapy for each tumour type., Discussion: Overall, caution has been recommended in the case of potentially hormone-sensitive tumours such as sex-cord tumours, serous and endometrioid low-grade adenocarcinomas, as well as for high-risk serous borderline ovarian tumours., Conclusion: In the context of a scarce literature, a formal consensus method allowed the elaboration of guidelines, which will help clinicians in the management of these patients., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Adjuvant chemotherapy by carboplatin and paclitaxel is recommended for all high-grade ovarian and tubal cancers (FIGO stages I-IIA) (grade A). After primary surgery is complete, 6 cycles of intravenous chemotherapy (grade A) are recommended, or a discussion with the patient about intraperitoneal chemotherapy, according to her risk-benefit ratio. After complete interval surgery for FIGO stage III, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) can be proposed, in accordance with the modalities of the OV-HIPEC trial (grade B). In cases of postoperative tumor residue or in FIGO stage IV tumors, chemotherapy associated with bevacizumab is recommended (grade A)., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

An MRI is recommended for an ovarian mass that is indeterminate on ultrasound. The ROMA score (combining CA125 and HE4) can also be calculated (grade A). In presumed early-stage ovarian or tubal cancers, the following procedures should be performed: an omentectomy (at a minimum, infracolic), an appendectomy, multiple peritoneal biopsies, peritoneal cytology (grade C), and pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomies (grade B) for all histologic types, except the expansile mucinous subtypes, for which lymphadenectomies can be omitted (grade C). Minimally invasive surgery is recommended for early-stage ovarian cancer, when there is no risk of tumor rupture (grade B). For FIGO stages III or IV ovarian, tubal, and primary peritoneal cancers, a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan of the thorax/abdomen/pelvis is recommended (grade B), as well as laparoscopic exploration to take multiple biopsies (grade A) and a carcinomatosis score (Fagotti score at a minimum) (grade C) to assess the possibility of complete surgery (i.e., leaving no macroscopic tumor residue). Complete surgery by a midline laparotomy is recommended for advanced ovarian, tubal, or primary peritoneal cancer (grade B). For advanced cancers, para-aortic and pelvic lymphadenectomies are recommended when metastatic adenopathy is clinically or radiologically suspected (grade B). When adenopathy is not suspected and when complete peritoneal surgery is performed as the initial surgery for advanced cancer, the lymphadenectomies can be omitted because they do not modify either the medical treatment or overall survival (grade B). Primary surgery (before other treatment) is recommended whenever it appears possible to leave no tumor residue (grade B)., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

The development of guidelines is one of the core activities of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) and European Society of Gynaecologial Oncology (ESGO), as part of the mission of both societies to improve the quality of care for patients with cancer across Europe. ESMO and ESGO jointly developed clinically relevant and evidence-based recommendations in several selected areas in order to improve the quality of care for women with ovarian cancer. The ESMO-ESGO consensus conference on ovarian cancer was held on April 12-14, 2018 in Milan, Italy, and comprised a multidisciplinary panel of 40 leading experts in the management of ovarian cancer. Before the conference, the expert panel worked on five clinically relevant questions regarding ovarian cancer relating to each of the following four areas: pathology and molecular biology, early-stage and borderline tumours, advanced stage disease and recurrent disease. Relevant scientific literature, as identified using a systematic search, was reviewed in advance. During the consensus conference, the panel developed recommendations for each specific question and a consensus was reached. The recommendations presented here are thus based on the best available evidence and expert agreement. This article presents the recommendations of this ESMO-ESGO consensus conference, together with a summary of evidence supporting each recommendation., Competing Interests: DISCLOSURE: NCol has reported advisory roles for Roche, PharmaMar, AstraZeneca Clovis, Tesaro, Pfizer, Takeda and Biocad and speaker’s honoraria from Roche, PharmaMar, AstraZeneca and Tesaro; CS has reported advisory board for Clovis; AdB has reported advisory boards and/or lectures (without being member of a speakers’ bureau) for Roche, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Tesaro, Clovis, BioCad and Genmab/Seattle Genetics; JL has reported research grants from AstraZeneca and MSD/Merck, speaker’s bureau from AstraZeneca and Clovis Oncology and advisory boards for AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Clovis Oncology, Tesaro and Merck/MSD; IMN has reported advisory roles for AstraZeneca, Clovis, Tesaro and Takeda; SP has received honoraria from Roche, AstraZeneca, Clovis, Tesaro, MSD and Pfizer and reported research funding from Roche; IRC has reported conducting clinical studies sponsored by AstraZeneca and Roche; IV has reported advisory boards for Advaxis Inc., Eisai Inc., MSD Belgium, Roche NV, Genmab A/S, Genmab US, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, PharmaMar, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Clovis Oncology Inc., AstraZeneca NV, Tesaro Bio GmbH, Tesaro Inc., Oncoinvent AS, Immunogen Inc. and conducting research sponsored by Amgen and Roche; TB has reported research grant from Amgen, travel expenses from Amgen and Roche and advisory board membership for Tesaro; SB has reported educational grants, advisory boards, travel expenses and/or lectures for AstraZeneca, Clovis, Gamamabs, Merck, PharmaMar, Seattle Genetics, Roche, Tesaro and Janssen-Cilag; PB has received honoraria for lectures and written opinions from Roche Polska and AstraZeneca Polska; NCon has reported funding for travel, accommodations and expenses from Roche, Genmab and Amgen and consulting or advisory role with Seattle Genetics and AstraZeneca; RG has reported consultancy/advisory boards for AstraZeneca, Tesaro, Clovis, Sotio, Roche and Immunogen; research funding from Lilly/Ignyta, Boehringer Ingelheim and Roche; expenses to attend meetings from AstraZeneca, Tesaro and Roche and participation in research sponsored by AstraZeneca, Tesaro, Clovis, Immunogen and Pfizer; AGM has reported that he is a member of advisory boards for AstraZeneca, Clovis, Tesaro, Roche, PharmaMar, Immunogen, Genmab, Pfizer/Merck and MSD and speaker’s fees for Roche, AstraZeneca, Tesaro and PharmaMar; FJ has reported advisory boards, travel expenses and lectures for Tesaro and AstraZeneca; FK has reported educational grants from PharmaMar; DL has reported advisory boards for AstraZeneca, Merck, Clovis and Tesaro and institutional research support from PharmaMar and Clovis; SM has reported research support, advisory board, honoraria and travel expenses from AstraZeneca, Clovis, Medac, MSD, Novartis, PharmaMar, Roche, Sensor Kinesis, Tesaro and Teva; MRM has reported links (not specified) with Advaxis, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Clovis Oncology, Genmab, Karyopharm, Novocure, Pfizer, Roche, Seattle Genetics, Tesaro, Oncology and Sera Prognostics; SN has reported advisory boards for Roche, Tesaro, AstraZeneca and Clovis and research funding from AstraZeneca; DOD has received financial support for travel and accommodation costs from AstraZeneca; PP has reported conducting a clinical study sponsored by PharmaMar; JS has reported advisory boards and lectures for PharmaMar, AstraZeneca, Clovis, Roche and Tesaro; DSPT has reported conducting research sponsored by Roche, AstraZeneca and Pfizer, receiving research funding by AstraZeneca and received honoraria from Roche and AstraZeneca; WGMC, PM, IB, AD, SO, FP, DQ, IB, DC, NC, BD, MDS, AF, VHS, JWK, MM, AR, FS, NS, DT, GT, JvdV, POW and AZ have reported no conflicts of interest., (© The Authors 2019. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

An MRI is recommended for an ovarian mass that is indeterminate on ultrasound. The ROMA score (combining CA125 and HE4) can also be calculated (Grade A). In presumed early-stage ovarian or tubal cancers, the following procedures should be performed: an omentectomy (at a minimum, infracolic), an appendectomy, multiple peritoneal biopsies, peritoneal cytology (grade C), and pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomies (Grade B) for all histologic types, except the expansile mucinous subtypes, for which lymphadenectomies can be omitted (grade C). Minimally invasive surgery is recommended for early-stage ovarian cancer, when there is no risk of tumor rupture (grade B). Adjuvant chemotherapy by carboplatin and paclitaxel is recommended for all high-grade ovarian and tubal cancers (FIGO stages I-IIA) (grade A). For FIGO stage III or IV ovarian, tubal, and primary peritoneal cancers, a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan of the thorax/abdomen/pelvis is recommended (Grade B), as well as laparoscopic exploration to take multiple biopsies (grade A) and a carcinomatosis score (Fagotti score at a minimum) (grade C) to assess the possibility of complete surgery (i.e., leaving no macroscopic tumor residue). Complete surgery by a midline laparotomy is recommended for advanced ovarian, tubal, or primary peritoneal cancers (grade B). For advanced cancers, para-aortic and pelvic lymphadenectomies are recommended when metastatic adenopathy is clinically or radiologically suspected (grade B). When adenopathy is not suspected and when complete peritoneal surgery is performed as the initial surgery for advanced cancer, the lymphadenectomies can be omitted because they do not modify either the medical treatment or overall survival (grade B). Primary surgery (before other treatment) is recommended whenever it appears possible to leave no tumor residue (grade B). After primary surgery is complete, 6 cycles of intravenous chemotherapy (grade A) are recommended, or a discussion with the patient about intraperitoneal chemotherapy, according to her risk-benefit ratio. After complete interval surgery for FIGO stage III disease, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) can be proposed, in accordance with the modalities of the OV-HIPEC trial (grade B). In cases of postoperative tumor residue or in FIGO stage IV tumors, chemotherapy associated with bevacizumab is recommended (grade A)., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Faced to an undetermined ovarian mass on ultrasound, an MRI is recommended and the ROMA score (combining CA125 and HE4) can be proposed (grade A). In case of suspected early stage ovarian or fallopian tube cancer, omentectomy (at least infracolonic), appendectomy, multiple peritoneal biopsies, peritoneal cytology (grade C) and pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy are recommended (grade B) for all histological types, except for the expansive mucinous subtype where lymphadenectomy may be omitted (grade C). Minimally invasive surgery is recommended for early stage ovarian cancer, if there is no risk of tumor rupture (grade B). Adjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel is recommended for all high-grade ovarian or Fallopian tube cancers, stage FIGO I-IIA (grade A). In case of ovarian, Fallopian tube or primitive peritoneal cancer of FIGO III-IV stages, thoraco-abdomino-pelvic CT scan with injection (grade B) is recommended. Laparoscopic exploration for multiple biopsies (grade A) and to evaluate carcinomatosis score (at least using the Fagotti score) (grade C) are recommended to estimate the possibility of a complete surgery (i.e. no macroscopic residue). Complete medial laparotomy surgery is recommended for advanced cancers (grade B). It is recommended in advanced cancers to perform para-aortic and pelvic lymphadenectomy in case of clinical or radiological suspicion of metastatic lymph node (grade B). In the absence of clinical or radiological lymphadenopathy and in case of complete peritoneal surgery during an initial surgery for advanced cancer, it is possible not to perform a lymphadenectomy because it does not modify the medical treatment and the overall survival (grade B). Primary surgery is recommended when no tumor residue is possible (grade B). After a complete first surgery, it is recommended to deliver 6 cycles of intravenous (grade A) or to propose intraperitoneal (grade B) chemotherapy, to be discussed with patient, according to the benefit/risk ratio. After a complete interval surgery for a FIGO III stage, the hyperthermic intra peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) can be proposed in the same conditions of the OV-HIPEC trial (grade B). In case of tumor residue after surgery or FIGO stage IV, chemotherapy associated with bevacizumab is recommended (grade A)., (Copyright © 2019 Société Française du Cancer. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Adjuvant chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel is recommended for all high-grade ovarian or Fallopian tube cancers, stage FIGO I-IIA (grade A). After a complete first surgery, it is recommended to deliver 6 cycles of intravenous (grade A) or to propose intraperitoneal (grade B) chemotherapy, to be discussed with patient, according to the benefit/risk ratio. After a complete interval surgery for a FIGO III stage, the hyperthermic intra peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) can be proposed in the same conditions of the OV-HIPEC trial (grade B). In case of tumor residue after surgery or FIGO stage IV, chemotherapy associated with bevacizumab is recommended (grade A). For BRCA mutated patient, Olaparib is recommended (grade B)., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Faced to an undetermined ovarian mass on ultrasound, an MRI is recommended and the ROMA score (combining CA125 and HE4) can be proposed (grade A). In case of suspected early stage ovarian or fallopian tube cancer, omentectomy (at least infracolonic), appendectomy, multiple peritoneal biopsies, peritoneal cytology (grade C) and pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy are recommended (grade B) for all histological types, except for the expansive mucinous subtype where lymphadenectomy may be omitted (grade C). Minimally invasive surgery is recommended for early stage ovarian cancer, if there is no risk of tumor rupture (grade B). Laparoscopic exploration for multiple biopsies (grade A) and to evaluate carcinomatosis score (at least using the Fagotti score) (grade C) are recommended to estimate the possibility of a complete surgery (i.e. no macroscopic residue). Complete medial laparotomy surgery is recommended for advanced cancers (grade B). It is recommended in advanced cancers to perform para-aortic and pelvic lymphadenectomy in case of clinical or radiological suspicion of metastatic lymph node (grade B). In the absence of clinical or radiological lymphadenopathy and in case of complete peritoneal surgery during an initial surgery for advanced cancer, it is possible not to perform a lymphadenectomy because it does not modify the medical treatment and the overall survival (grade B). Primary surgery is recommended when no tumor residue is possible (grade B)., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Regrettably, the author metadata used for the previous correction (doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-018-2380-7 ) contained an error in the tagging of W. Glenn McCluggage's name; this has been corrected. No further adjustments have been made to the Correction, or the original Guideline paper (doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-018-2362-9 ).

Two corrections were made to the above publication following its original online publication on 4th May 2018.

Background: Despite significant advances in the screening, detection, and treatment of preinvasive cervical lesions, invasive cervical cancer is the fifth most common cancer in European women. There are large disparities in Europe and worldwide in the incidence, management, and mortality of cervical cancer., Objective: The European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO), the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO), and the European Society of Pathology (ESP) jointly develop clinically relevant and evidence-based guidelines in order to improve the quality of care for women with cervical cancer across Europe and worldwide., Methods: The ESGO/ESTRO/ESP nominated an international multidisciplinary development group consisting of practicing clinicians and researchers who have demonstrated leadership and expertise in the care and research of cervical cancer (23 experts across Europe). To ensure that the guidelines are evidence based, the current literature identified from a systematic search was reviewed and critically appraised. In the absence of any clear scientific evidence, judgment was based on the professional experience and consensus of the development group. The guidelines are thus based on the best available evidence and expert agreement. Prior to publication, the guidelines were reviewed by 159 international reviewers, selected through ESGO/ESTRO/ESP and including patient representatives., Results: The guidelines cover comprehensively staging, management, and follow-up for patients with cervical cancer. Management includes fertility sparing treatment; stage T1a, T1b1/T2a1, clinically occult cervical cancer diagnosed after simple hysterectomy; early and locally advanced cervical cancer; primary distant metastatic disease; cervical cancer in pregnancy; and recurrent disease. Principles of radiotherapy and pathological evaluation are defined., (Copyright © 2018 European Society for Gynaecological Oncology, European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology, and the European Society of Pathology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Rare ovarian tumors include complex borderline ovarian tumors, sex-cord tumors, germ cell tumors, and rare epithelial tumors. Indications and modalities of fertility preservation, infertility management and contraindications for hormonal contraception or menopause hormone therapy are frequent issues in clinical practice. A panel of experts from the French national network dedicated to rare gynaecological cancers, and of experts in reproductive medicine and gynaecology have worked on guidelines about fertility preservation, contraception and menopause hormone therapy in women treated for ovarian rare tumors., Methods: A panel of 39 experts from different specialties contributed to the preparation of the guidelines, following the DELPHI method (formal consensus method). Statements were drafted after a systematic literature review, and then rated through two successive rounds., Results: Thirty-five recommendations were selected, and concerned indications for fertility preservation, contraindications for ovarian stimulation (in the context of fertility preservation or for infertility management), contraceptive options (especially hormonal ones), and menopause hormone therapy for each tumor type. Overall, prudence has been recommended in the case of potentially hormone-sensitive tumors such as sex cord tumors, serous and endometrioid low-grade adenocarcinomas, as well as for high-risk serous borderline ovarian tumors., Discussion: In the context of a scarce literature, a formal consensus method allowed the elaboration of guidelines, which will help clinicians in the management of these patients., (Copyright © 2017 Société Française du Cancer. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: The management of endometrial carcinoma is constantly evolving. The SFOG and the CNGOF decided to jointly update the previous French recommendations (Institut national du cancer 2011) and to adapt to the French practice the 2015 recommendations elaborated at the time of joint European consensus conference with the participation of the three concerned European societies (ESGO, ESTRO, ESMO)., Material and Methods: A strict methodology was used. A steering committee was put together. A systematic review of the literature since 2011 has been carried out. A first draft of the recommendations has been elaborated, with emphasis on high level of evidence. An external review by users representing all the concerned discipines and all kinds of practice was completed. Three hundred and four comments were sent by 54 reviewers., Results: The management of endometrial carcinoma requires a precise preoperative workup. A provisional estimate of the final stage is provided. This estimation impact the level of surgical staging. Surgery should use a minimal invasive approach. The final pathology is the key of the decision concerning adjuvant therapy, which involves surveillance, radiation therapy, brachytherapy, or chemotherapy., Conclusion: The management algorithms allow a fast, state of the art based, answer to the clinical questions raised by the management of endometrial cancer. They must be used only in the setting of a multidisciplinary team at all stages of the management., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Methods: The European Society of Gynaecological Oncology council nominated an international multidisciplinary development group made of practicing clinicians who have demonstrated leadership and interest in the care of ovarian cancer (20 experts across Europe). To ensure that the statements are evidence based, the current literature identified from a systematic search has been reviewed and critically appraised. In the absence of any clear scientific evidence, judgment was based on the professional experience and consensus of the development group (expert agreement). The guidelines are thus based on the best available evidence and expert agreement. Before publication, the guidelines were reviewed by 66 international reviewers independent from the development group including patients representatives., Results: The guidelines cover preoperative workup, specialized multidisciplinary decision making, and surgical management of diagnosed epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancers. The guidelines are also illustrated by algorithms., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (© 2017 by the International Gynecologic Cancer Society and the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology.)

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop clinically relevant and evidence-based guidelines as part of European Society of Gynaecological Oncology's mission to improve the quality of care for women with gynecologic cancers across Europe., Methods: The European Society of Gynaecological Oncology Council nominated an international development group made of practicing clinicians who provide care to patients with vulvar cancer and have demonstrated leadership and interest in the management of patients with vulvar cancer (18 experts across Europe). To ensure that the statements are evidence based, the current literature identified from a systematic search has been reviewed and critically appraised. In the absence of any clear scientific evidence, judgment was based on the professional experience and consensus of the development group (expert agreement). The guidelines are thus based on the best available evidence and expert agreement. Prior to publication, the guidelines were reviewed by 181 international reviewers including patient representatives independent from the development group., Results: The guidelines cover diagnosis and referral, preoperative investigations, surgical management (local treatment, groin treatment including sentinel lymph node procedure, reconstructive surgery), radiation therapy, chemoradiation, systemic treatment, treatment of recurrent disease (vulvar recurrence, groin recurrence, distant metastases), and follow-up.

Surgery has evolved as a mainstay of the management of ovarian cancer since evidence of the major benefit of complete surgery, i.e. achieving complete resection of the disease without visible macroscopic residue in a comprehensively explored abdominal cavity, has been made available. This objective may be difficult to complete in case of advanced ovarian cancer, as it requires the use of advanced techniques of peritoneal and visceral surgery, in the setting of adapted perioperative care, generally in institutions where the caseload is sufficient to ensure an appropriate surgical experience, and where specifically trained surgeons are available. In this paper using the data from the French national database PMSI, evidence of an evolution of the proportion of patients managed in centers where more than 20 patients a year are operated is shown. However, the recommendations of the governmental Plans Cancers are far from universally implemented., (Copyright © 2016 Société Française du Cancer. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)