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to describe the implementation of a training program in robotic surgery and to point the General Surgery procedures that can be performed with advantages using the robotic platform.we conducted a retrospective analysis of data collected prospectively from the robotic surgery group in General and Colo-Retal Surgery at the Samaritan Hospital (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil), from October 2012 to December 2015. We describe the training stages and particularities.two hundred and ninety three robotic operations were performed in general surgery: 108 procedures for morbid obesity, 59 colorectal surgeries, 55 procedures in the esophago-gastric transition area, 16 cholecystectomies, 27 abdominal wall hernioplasties, 13 inguinal hernioplasties, two gastrectomies with D2 lymphadenectomy, one vagotomy, two diaphragmatic hernioplasties, four liver surgeries, two adrenalectomies, two splenectomies, one pancreatectomy and one bilio-digestive anastomosis. The complication rate was 2.4%, with no major complications.the robotic surgery program of the Samaritan Hospital was safely implemented and with initial results better than the ones described in the current literature. There seems to be benefits in using the robotic platform in super-obese patients, re-operations of obesity surgery and hiatus hernias, giant and paraesophageal hiatus hernias, ventral hernias with multiple defects and rectal resections.

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar os resultados da cardiomiotomia de Heller associada à fundoplicatura de Dor por Laparoscopia (HDL) no tratamento cirúrgico da acalásia do esôfago, através de escores de qualidade de vida e dados da esofagomanometria. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados retrospectivamente 60 pacientes operados por acalasia do cárdia, de 2001 a 2007, sendo analisadas no pré-operatório as características desta população e os resultados das provas diagnósticas. Aplicamos um escore de disfagia e de qualidade de vida no pré e pós-operatório e realizamos o estudo do comportamento da pressão do esfíncter esofageano inferior (Peei) no pré e pós operatório de todos os pacientes. RESULTADOS: Eram 37 do sexo feminino e 23 do masculino. A idade média foi 41,08 anos(12 a 87). Não houve mortalidade cirúrgica, nem conversões. Tempo médio de início da dieta foi de 1,6 dias. Considerado resultado excelente em 80% da série, resultados intermediários em 20%. A média do escore de disfagia no pré operatório foi de 9,03 pontos e a média de pós, foi de 1,7 pontos (máximo de 10 pontos), p=0,0001, sendo observada queda entre pré e pós-operatório de 7,33 pontos, 81,17%. A média da Peei no pré-operatório foi de 32,41 mmhg e no pós 12,7 mmhg. CONCLUSÃO: A cirurgia HDL é procedimento seguro de ser realizado e apresentou bons resultados, sendo capaz de modificar os escores de qualidade de vida subjetivos, e os dados objetivos da Peei, de forma significativa. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the surgical outcomes of Heller's Cardiomyotomy with Dor fundoplication by laparoscopy (HDL) and to assess its impact on patients' quality of life and on esophageal manometry data. METHODS: 60 patients with esophageal achalasia, operated on between 2001 and 2007, were studied retrospectively. Before surgery, the demographics and the diagnostic test results were recorded. The patients submitted a dysphagia score for quality of life before and after surgery, and lower esophageal sphincter pressure (PLES) was measured. We also studied the difference produced in quality of life RESULTS: 37 women and 23 men were followed. Mean age was 41.08 (12-87). There was no mortality and no conversions. The mean time of diet resumption was 1.6 day. The outcome was considered excellent in 80% of the series and intermediate in 20% of the series. The mean dysphagia score before surgery was 9.03 points, and after surgery, 1.7 point (maximum of 10 points), p=0.0001. The mean score decrease between pre- and postoperative scores was 7.33 points (87.17%). The mean PLES before surgery was 32.41 mmHg, and 12.7 mmHg after. CONCLUSION: HDL is a safe procedure and changed significantly the subjective quality of life scores, as well as the objective PLES means.

Required resection margins for noninvasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are a controversial issue. Over a 10-year period we have resected IPMNs from the entire pancreatic gland with minimally invasive techniques and compared our survival and complication rates with open controls to see if any difference in resection margins and outcomes could be observed. Data were collected retrospectively, including our first cases of advanced laparoscopic resections. Five-year Kaplan–Meier curves were calculated and statistical analysis was performed using the log rank and Student’s T test for continuous variables. Chi square and Fisher’s exact tests were used for analyzing categorical variables. From March 1997 to Febuary 2006, we operated on 22 patients with noninvasive IPMNs, of which 9 (41%) were operated on laparoscopically and 13 (59%) using open techniques. Three patients underwent laparoscopic duodenopancreatectomy, compared to five in the open group. All resection margins were negative, but two patients required total pancreatectomy, both of which were performed laparoscopically. One of these was converted to open (11%) because of difficulty in reconstructing the biliary anastomosis. The overall complication rates were 56% for the laparoscopic group and 85% for the open group. Twenty-two percent of the laparoscopic group required reoperation and 11% required percutaneous drainage, compared to 15 and 23% in the open group, respectively. All patients are alive after a mean of 20 months (range = 2–43) in the laparoscopic group and 37 months (range = 1–121) in the open one (p > 0.05). Laparoscopic resection of noninvasive IPMNs of the entire pancreatic gland has similar complication and survival rates as open procedures. As a result, the laparoscopic approach is appropriate for noninvasive IPMNs of the entire pancreatic gland; however, larger cohorts are needed to see if any approach has superior outcomes. Because of these favorable results, studies are currently underway to see if the minimally invasive approach is also appropriate for invasive IPMNs.

To evaluate the postoperative morbidity of distal pancreatic resections and to investigate its predictive factors.The study was conducted retrospectively from a prospectively database maintained. From 1994 to 2008, 100 consecutive patients underwent left pancreatic resections. The primary variable of interest was postoperative morbidity, and various other characteristics of the population were simultaneously recorded. Later, for the analysis of predictors of postoperative morbidity, the subgroup of patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy with spleen preservation (n = 65) was separately analyzed with regards to the different techniques of section of the pancreatic parenchyma, as well as to other possible predictors of postoperative morbidity.Considering all left pancreatic resections performed, the occurrence of overall, relevant and serious complications was 55%, 42% and 20%, respectively. The factors predictive of postoperative morbidity after distal pancreatectomy with spleen preservation were the technique employed for section of the pancreatic parenchyma, age, body mass index and the performance of concomitant abdominal operations.The morbidity associated with pancreatic resections to the left of the superior mesenteric vessels was high. According to the stratification adopted based on the severity of complications, some predictive factors have been identified. Future studies with larger cohorts of patients are needed to confirm these results.

Laparoscopic resection of benign pancreatic endocrine neoplasms (PENs) has become the standard of care for tumors in the pancreatic tail. Over a 14-year period, we have resected both benign and malignant tumors of the entire pancreas laparoscopically and compared our survival and complication rates with open controls. We collected our data retrospectively and reviewed our outcomes with an actuarial 5-year survival according to Kaplan–Meier. Patients who underwent minimally invasive techniques were compared to patients who were approached with open techniques. From April 1992 to September 2006, we operated on 31 patients for PENs: 13 (42%) were operated on using open techniques and 18 (58%) laparoscopically, and conversion occurred in one patient (6%). In the laparoscopic group, eight (47%) tumors were malignant compared to six (43%) in the open group. Operative times averaged 188 min for the minimally invasive approach and 305 min for the open approach (p = 0.02). Length of stay was 25 days (range 8–82) for the laparoscopic group compared to 20 days (range 6–63; p > 0.05). Overall morbidity and fistula rates ranged from 67 to 24% in the laparoscopic group to 69 to 38% in the open group (p > 0.05). There were no postoperative mortalities. The average follow-up was 63 months for the open group and 33 months for the laparoscopic group. The overall actuarial survival rates were both 90% at 5 years. Laparoscopic resection of benign and malignant PENs has similar overall complication and 5-year survival rates as the open technique; however, the laparoscopic approach is associated with shorter operative times.

OBJETIVOS: A videocirurgia com tecnologia robótica é um avanço médico e tecnológico recente, que tem no conceito de cirurgia-solo (sem auxiliares) uma das aplicações práticas que podem permitir maior controle e precisão. Este estudo prospectivo foi desenhado para avaliar a curva de aprendizado da cirurgia-solo com o AESOP 3000 para colecistectomia laparoscópica, avaliando resultados e aplicações desta nova técnica. MÉTODO: Quinze pacientes foram submetidos à cirurgia vídeo-laparoscópica com auxílio de tecnologia robótica, utilizando a câmera com comando de voz AESOP 3000 e um braço mecânico fixo, permitindo a realização dos procedimentos sob o conceito de cirurgia-solo. A câmera posicionada no trocarte umbilical, foi ajustada para receber comando de voz através do transmissor HERMES, permitindo também a gravação de posições-chave. Um braço mecânico foi ligado à mesa cirúrgica para retração fixa de órgãos quando necessário. RESULTADOS: As cirurgias transcorreram sem anormalidades, sem necessidade de conversão, sendo necessária a retirada do AESOP para realização de câmera manual em um caso. O tempo operatório foi aumentado para permitir o tempo de ajuste do aparelho que foi, em média, de 21,9 min. Não foram documentadas complicações locais ou sistêmicas pós-operatórias. Quanto ao tempo de internação, a maioria dos pacientes recebeu alta em 24-48hs (86,7%). O grau de satisfação subjetiva da equipe com o auxiliar robótico foi de 3,94, em um máximo de 5,0. CONCLUSÕES: As potenciais vantagens do AESOP 3000 e dos sistemas de telecirurgia podem ser vislumbradas nesta avaliação inicial. A curva de aprendizado é simples e permitiu a realização das cirurgias por residentes em treinamento. Apesar de maior tempo operatório que o procedimento laparoscópico padrão, a assistência robótica mostrou maior precisão e estabilidade de câmera, sendo um passo inicial para a realização de videocirurgia robótica à distância. BACKGROUND: Robotic surgery is a new clinical and technological advance in its early stage of development. The possibility of solosurgery brings up a discussion of feasibility and safety of robotic procedures in abdominal surgery. A prospective study was designed to test the learning curve and results of the new technique for cholecystectomy using robotic assistance with AESOP 3000. METHODS: Fifteen patients were prospective documented and submitted to laparoscopic robotic assisted surgery, using the robotic camera system AESOP 3000 with voice control and a fixed mechanical arm, allowing the execution of the procedures under the general concept of solo-surgery (without assistants). The camera was positioned at the umbilical port, adjusted to receive voicecontrol by the HERMES system, allowing the memorization of key positions. A fixed traction arm was connected to the operating table to retract organs when necessary. RESULTS: Operations succeed normally, and there were no need for converting to open surgery. Disconnection of the AESOP System for manual camera control was necessary in one case. Operating time was longer for robotic procedures, and time needed for adjusting the system alone was 21,9 minutes. Mean postoperative hospital stay was short, with most patients being discharged up to 48hs (86.7%). There were no local or systemic postoperative complications. Grade of satisfaction by the surgical teams was 3.94 for robotic assistance. CONCLUSIONS: Robotic surgery is a new evolving method. Potential advantages of AESOP 3000 and telerobotic systems were confirmed by the study. A short learning curve is necessary for the technique, which was easily learned by training doctors. With longer operative time than standard laparoscopic procedure, robotic surgery shows a great precision and camera stability, suggesting an early step for telerobotic surgery.

OBJETIVO: A gastrostomia, realizada para possibilitar acesso nutricional ou descompressão, é comumente realizada por via endoscópica, por radiologia intervencionista, e, mais raramente, por via cirúrgica através de videolaparoscopia ou incisão mediana supra-umbilical. Os métodos endoscópico e radiológico, apesar de estabelecidos em muitos centros, não constituem rotina em hospitais comunitários pela necessidade de pessoal qualificado e material descartável, sendo usualmente realizada a gastrostomia cirúrgica com incisão mediana e anestesia geral. A Gastrostomia de Incisão Única descrita neste trabalho é um novo método cirúrgico menos invasivo, que foi desenvolvido para ser realizado sob anestesia local, com uma única incisão e sem necessidade de equipamento especial. MÉTODO: Quinze pacientes elegíveis para gastrostomia por diferentes indicações foram operados sob anestesia local. Após incisão subcostal de 1cm sobre o músculo reto abdominal esquerdo, uma área de parede gástrica era localizada, com ajuda de azul de metileno injetado no estômago, e exteriorizada através da incisão. Duas suturas em bolsa eram realizadas e a sonda gástrica introduzida. O estômago era fixado à aponeurose, resultando em uma gastrostomia de incisão única, segura e bem fixada. Alimentação pôde ser iniciada através da gastrostomia em 24 a 48hs. RESULTADOS: Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à técnica com sucesso. Complicações menores ocorreram em três pacientes: um apresentou alargamento do estoma, necessitando de sutura local adicional, e em outro, ocorreu deiscência parcial de mucosa que foi tratada conservadoramente. Em um terceiro paciente, houve lesão iatrogênica de cólon transverso, que foi suturada sem intercorrências. O tempo operatório médio foi de 49,4 min, e a introdução de alimentação foi de 34,3 hs em média. Não houve falha na instituição de dieta com esta técnica, nem complicações maiores como fístula ou peritonite. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados desta casuística inicial sugerem que a abordagem é efetiva em propiciar um acesso rápido e seguro para gastrostomia, com ferida única, dispensando o uso de suporte endoscópico e anestesia geral. Pode ser utilizado como opção ao método endoscópico em pacientes com obstrução neoplásica faríngea ou esofageana. Uma casuística mais expressiva, acompanhamento mais longo dos casos, e estudos prospectivos randomizados são necessários para estabelecer o papel desta nova técnica na rotina cirúrgica. BACKGROUND: Gastrostomy for feeding or descompressive purposes are often performed transendocopically, by fluoroscopic guidance, and more rarely, by laparoscopy or by an abdominal midline incision. As endoscopic and radiologic personel and instrumental are often not wide available in community hospitals in our country, an alternative method was developed in our institution. A single-wound, surgical access gastrostomy, performed with local anesthesia and no need for endoscopic guidance, is described. METHODS: Fifteen patients elegible for gastrostomy were submitted to the technique. The patients were managed under local anesthesia, and after a 1cm incision on the left rectus abdominal muscle, an area of gastric wall is localized under Methylene Blue testing. With confirmation of gastric content, two layers of concentric purse string unabsorbable sutures are placed to work as a valve, and the stomach is fixed to the rectus sheath, resulting in a safe single wound gastrostomy. The feeding through the tube was started in 24 to 48hs. RESULTS: All patients were successfully managed by this method. Minor complications ocurred in 3 patients: one enlargement of the gastrostomy required additional suture, and one partial mucosal dehiscence was clinically managed. In a third patient, an iatrogenic transverse colon laceration ocurred, and suture closure was performed without further morbidity. Mean operative time was 49.4 min, mean institution of gastrostomy feeding was 34.3 hs. There was no failure to achieve postoperative feeding nor major complications as leakage or peritonitis. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that this new approach is effective and safe, providing a single wound access, avoiding the need for endoscopic guidance and general anesthesia. It can also be used instead of the endoscopic method in patients with faringo-esophageal obstruction. A larger number of cases, longer follow-up observation and prospective randomized studies are needed to establish the role of the new technique in a routine basis.

OBJETIVO: Com base na literatura e estatística pessoal sobre os resultados da Fundoplicatura "Nissen Rossetti" sem ligadura dos vasos curtos(FNR) no tratamento cirúrgico de pacientes com Doença do Refluxo Gastro-esofágico(DRGE) e Esôfago de Barrett (EB), idealizou-se este trabalho com o objetivo de comparar, através de pH metria prolongada pós-operatória e dados clínicos, os resultados desta cirurgia com os alcançados com a Fundoplicatura de Nissen "Longa" com ligadura dos vasos curtos (FNL). MÉTODO: Durante o período de maio de 2000 e março de 2003, foram avaliados, no pós operatório, 28 pacientes com DRGE e EB, dos quais 12 submetidos a FNR(grupo I) e 16 a FNL(grupo II). Valorizou-se os sintomas, surgimento de disfagia pós-operatória e a persistência do refluxo ácido após a cirurgia, medido através da pH metria pós-operatória. RESULTADOS: Ambas as cirurgias aliviaram os sintomas de pirose e regurgitação no segundo dia de pós-operatório. A disfagia transitória ocorreu mais frequentemente nos casos de FNR que FNL, 41%(6) e 6,25%(1) respectivamente. Disfagia permanente não foi observada em nenhum dos dois grupos. A pH metria pós- operatória seis meses após as cirurgias mostrou que os pacientes do grupo I não ficaram totalmente protegidos do refluxo, com 25% de pH metrias positivas, enquando os do grupo II ficaram quase que totalmente protegidos, com 6,25% de exames positivos. CONCLUSÕES: Embora seja um estudo preliminar e com um período curto de observação, chamamos a atenção para a lembrança do perigo que representa o refluxo persistente após a cirurgia, para um paciente com esôfago de Barrett e apresentamos uma proposta de fundoplicatura longa e frouxa, ou seja diferente da tendência atual(válvula curta e frouxa) para o tratamento cirúrgico dos pacientes com esôfago de Barrett, que acreditamos merecer uma reflexão por parte dos cirurgiões e estudiosos do assunto. BACKGROUND: Based on published data and personal statistics about "Floppy Nissen Rossetti Fundoplication" without division of short gastric vessels(NRF) for the sugical treatment of GERD patients, focusing those with Barrett' s esophagus(BE), we compared surgical results of this procedure to a "Floppy Long Nissen Fundoplication" with division of short gastric vessels(NLF), addressing pH measurement and clinical features. METHODS: From march 2000 to march 2003, 28 patients with GERD and BE, were assessed postoperatively, 12 for NRF and 16 for NLF. Assessment was performed considering the relief or persistence of symptoms, appearance of post operative dysphagia and persistence of acid reflux after surgery, detected by pH measurement. RESULTS: Both surgeries relief heart-burn symptoms, pirosis and regurgitation (overflow) on the second postoperative day. Transitory dysphagia occurred more frequently after NRF surgery than with NLF (41% versus 6.25%). Permanent dysphagia has not been observed on either groups. Postoperative pH measurements six months after surgeries have shown that NRF group patients were not totally free of reflux, 25% of pH measurements presented positive results, while NLF group patients were almost totally protected, 6.25% with positive results. Although this is a preliminary study based on small sample size, authors advice about the risks that a constant reflux after surgery may pose to a patient with Barrett's esophagus and present a new proposal (floppy and long wrap), contrary to current trends (short and floppy wrap) for the treatment of GERD patients with BE, that deserves a special consideration by surgeons and researchers.