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A difusão é o principal meio de transporte do fósforo (P) no solo e depende de vários fatores, como a interação do P com os componentes da fase sólida, a textura, a mineralogia da fração argila, a umidade, a compactação e a fonte fosfatada. Assim, dada a variação de solos no Seridó Paraibano, é de se esperar variação no fluxo difusivo de P. Objetiva-se com este estudo analisar o efeito de níveis de fósforo no fluxo difusivo de fosfato em solos representativos do Seridó Paraibano. Foram utilizadas amostras, coletadas na camada 0-20 cm de profundidade, de seis solos representativos. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados, em fatorial 6 × 5, sendo seis solos e cinco níveis de P (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% e 40% da capacidade máxima de sorção de P). Para estimativa do fluxo difusivo de P, utilizou-se como unidades experimentais anéis de PVC com 5 cm de altura e 10 cm de diâmetro interno, com volume de solo de 300 cm3, que receberam os solos e as doses em estudo e serviram como câmara de difusão. Para avaliação do fluxo difusivo de P nos solos, utilizou-se o papel de troca aniônica (PA), que permaneceu em contato com o solo por 15 dias. Após esse período, a quantidade de P retida no PA foi quantificada. Os níveis de P promoveram o aumento do fluxo difusivo do fosfato de forma linear, com exceção do Neossolo Flúvico, no qual não foi verificada resposta significativa. O maior fluxo de P foi verificado no Planossolo (0,0753 µmol.cm-²/15 dias), seguido pelo Neossolo Regolítico (0,0510 µmol.cm-²/15 dias). O Neossolo Flúvico foi o solo que apresentou menor fluxo difusivo (0,0274 µmol.cm-²/15 dias). Conclui-se que a aplicação de P aumentou o fluxo difusivo do fosfato e que o fluxo difusivo de P foi maior no Planossolo e menor no Neossolo Flúvico.

Copyright of Revista Ciencias de la Salud is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Various definitions have been established on soil fertility; however, the definition is broad and complex since it depends on the supply of nutrients and other edaphic, environmental factors and the management to which this medium is subjected. The aim of this review has been to integrate various considerations that have been taken regarding the definition of soil fertility in a spread way and present in a broad way results that characterize the fertility of the main Cuban soils. The definition of soil fertility must be broad and complex, since it depends on the supply of nutrients and edaphic, environmental factors, and the management to which this medium is subjected. Based on what has been expressed and considering the complexity of the system where the soil is inserted, the definition of soil fertility is proposed as "the result of the interaction between the plant, the properties of the soil, the environment, the socio-economic phenomena and anthropogenic activity, which give it the ability to serve as a support and supply nutrients in the forms, quantities and proportions that plants require to achieve their growth and development". In the work, chemical, physical-chemical, morphological, physical, biological properties are presented, as well as the impact of socio-economic activities and anthropogenic activity that characterize the fertility of the main Cuban soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El brócoli es un cultivo no tradicional de exportación para Ecuador. Este estudio utilizó la metodología de superficie de respuesta para optimizar la fertilización de brócoli híbrido Avenger. La investigación se llevó a cabo en la hacienda Las Mercedes, provincia de Cotopaxi, Ecuador, a una altitud de 2.913 m s. n. m. Se evaluó la respuesta del brócoli a diferentes dosis de N-P-K (nitrógeno, fósforo y potasio) con cinco niveles de dosis crecientes desde 0 a 300 kg ha-1 de N, 0 a 70 kg ha-1 de P y 0 a 180 kg ha-1 de K, y un tratamiento sin fertilización. El diseño experimental fue un compuesto central rotable (DCCR) 3K+1 con cuatro repeticiones. Las variables evaluadas incluyeron la altura de la planta, compactación, diámetro ecuatorial y rendimiento de la pella. Los resultados mostraron que: i) la más grande altura de la planta (59,90 cm) se obtuvo con T13 (150 kg ha-1 N, 70 kg ha-1 P, 90 kg ha-1 K); ii) la mayor compactación de la pella (1,12 kg cm-2) se encontró con T11 (300 kg ha-1 N, 35 kg ha-1 P, 90 kg ha-1 K); iii) el mejor diámetro ecuatorial (197,80 mm) y rendimiento (25,25 t ha-1) se lograron con T8 (239 kg ha-1 N, 56 kg ha-1 P, 144 kg ha-1 K); y iv) el modelo de superficie de respuesta sugirió una dosis óptima de 178 kg ha-1 N, 70 kg ha-1 P y 25 kg ha-1 K para un rendimiento de 26,5 t ha-1. En conclusión, el modelo ajusta de manera aceptable el rendimiento del cultivo.

Los arroyos andinos norpatagónicos son ecosistemas oligotróficos y fluyen por cuencas de drenaje poco impactadas. Sin embargo, esto cambió con el tiempo por la urbanización de dichas cuencas. Este trabajo propone determinar el estado trófico de arroyos ubicados en un gradiente de urbanización. Para ello se utilizaron como variables indicadoras de urbanización de la cuenca de drenaje la densidad poblacional y el porcentaje de su área modificada. Además, se evaluó la relación de estas variables con la concentración y la exportación de nutrientes totales, nitrógeno (NT) y fósforo (PT), y con la biomasa de la comunidad autotrófica del perifiton. Se muestrearon por única vez 12 arroyos situados en cuencas de drenaje pertenecientes a la ciudad de San Carlos de Bariloche y zonas aledañas durante el período hidrológico basal. Los arroyos presentaron tres estados tróficos: oligotrófico, mesotrófico y eutrófico. Se observó una relación positiva entre las variables de la cuenca y la concentración de ambos nutrientes en los ecosistemas fluviales. El incremento de la urbanización se reflejó también en un aumento de la biomasa autotrófica de la comunidad de perifiton. Tomando al PT como indicador de eutrofia, los arroyos urbanos estudiados cambiaron su estado trófico de oligotrófico a mesotrófico cuando la población alcanzaba los 241 habitantes/km2 o el área modificada llegaba al 32%. En cuanto a la exportación de nutrientes, solo resultaron significativas las relaciones entre el NT y las variables de urbanización de las cuencas. Teniendo en cuenta el período hidrológico de estudio y las características de las cuencas, se sugiere que el nitrógeno ingresa, sobre todo, a través del agua subterránea, y no así el PT. Se puede concluir que el deterioro de los ecosistemas fluviales se condice con un incremento de la urbanización en las cuencas de la Patagonia Andina.

Introducción: el raquitismo se caracteriza por una alteración en la mineralización normal del tejido óseo, clasificándose según la causa en formas adquiridas o hereditarias. De los raquitismos hereditarios, el raquitismo hipofosfatémico ligado al cromosoma X es el más común. Se caracteriza por anomalías en el metabolismo del fósforo, secundario a una alteración en el gen PHEX (phosphate regulating endopeptidase analog, X-linked) ubicado en el cromosoma X. Como resultado de esta alteración se afecta la codificación de una metaloproteasa que tiene como función disminuir los niveles séricos del factor de crecimiento fibroblástico - 23 (FGF-23), que resulta en la perdida anormal de fósforo por orina. Clínicamente se presenta con deformidades óseas en miembros inferiores, dolor óseo, talla baja y alteraciones dentales. El diagnóstico es clínico, asociado a hipofosfatemia, fosfaturia y hallazgos radiológicos de raquitismo, confirmándose con la prueba molecular de la mutación del gen PHEX. Presentación del caso: Se describe el caso de una paciente de 5 años de edad a quien se le hace diagnóstico de esta enfermedad, lo que permitió el inicio de un tratamiento oportuno y un abordaje integral. Conclusión: por tratarse de una enfermedad hereditaria poco común, con debut en la infancia y gran impacto en el crecimiento longitudinal y salud ósea que afecta la calidad de vida de los niños, el conocimiento de este caso tiene como objetivo brindar herramientas básicas para un abordaje que lleve a un diagnóstico temprano, dado que esto es clave para el pronóstico, seguimiento y tratamiento multidisciplinario de esta patología.

Soil nutrients are regarded as limiting factors of the net primary productivity (PPN) of tropical forests. In this sense, it has been suggested that, in initial successional stages, the PPN is limited by N, as well as by P in late stages. To test this hypothesis, litter production and nutrient content were measured for five fertilization treatments (control, N, P, K, and NPK) in mature and post-mining forests of the Biogeographic Chocó. It was determined that the post-mining litter production was higher with the application of N, K, and NPK, whereas, in mature forests, it was higher with the application of N. In addition, a significant effect of the application of N on the post-mining foliar N content was recorded. In conclusion, a multiple nutritional limitation of the PPN was evidenced in early successional stages, which denotes a change in the limitation with succession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Investigación e Innovación Agropecuaria y de Recursos Naturales is the property of Revista de Investigacion e Innovacion Agropecuaria y de Recursos Naturales RIIARn and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria is the property of Agrosavia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En el Lago Titicaca, Perú, el cultivo de truchas en jaulas flotantes ha sido una valiosa oportunidad para los pobladores andinos, ofreciendo alimento y autoempleo. Sin embargo, este método ha generado problemas ambientales al contaminar el fondo del lago con grandes cantidades de residuos orgánicos, como excretas y restos de alimento balanceado. Para abordar este desafío, se diseñó un prototipo de jaula flotante con un colector de residuos orgánicos integrado, junto con un sistema de bombeo y sedimentador estático vertical. El objetivo del trabajo de investigación fue mitigar la contaminación del lago Titicaca causada por el consumo de alimento balanceado en el cultivo de truchas. Se construyó un modelo de jaula colectora que captó una cantidad significativa de residuos orgánicos. Se emplearon 7 600 truchas arco iris de 800 g en promedio, alimentadas con 300 kg día-1 de alimento balanceado ad libitum durante 30 días. Después de 16 horas desde el suministro de alimento, se observó una acumulación promedio de residuos orgánicos de 6.9 ± 0.98 kg día-1, que fueron transportados al sedimentador mediante una bomba eléctrica. Se realizó un análisis de calidad del agua, encontrando valores de fósforo total (PT) de 1.316 ± 0.059 mg L-1, nitrógeno total (NT) de 0.013 ± 0.001 mg L-1 y materia orgánica total (MOT) de 55.60 ± 0.30 mg L-1 en la columna de agua en la zona de cultivo. En conclusión, el diseño de la jaula colectora demostró ser una alternativa eficaz para evitar la acumulación de residuos orgánicos en el fondo del lago, y los residuos recuperados pueden ser utilizados como abono agrícola, agregando valor al proceso.

Introduction: Hemodialysis wastewater contains high concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus. Recovery of these nutrients as soil fertilizers represents an interesting opportunity to ensure a sustainable fertilizer supply. Methods: In this paper, a simple method for recovering phosphorous and nitrogen as crystalline struvite [MgNH4PO4·6H2O] is presented. An integrated cost model is also presented in order to create a positive business case. Results: Recovery rates in form of struvite of 95% of PO43−-P and 23% of NH4+-N were achieved with a profit. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to study the recovery of these naturally occurring minerals from hemodialysis wastewater. This offers great potential for the valorization of this type of wastewater. Resumen: Introducción: El agua residual de la hemodiálisis contiene altas concentraciones de nitrógeno amoniacal y fósforo. La recuperación de dichos nutrientes como fertilizantes del suelo representa una oportunidad interesante para garantizar un suministro de fertilizantes sostenible. Métodos: En este documento se presenta un método simple de recuperar fósforo y nitrógeno en forma de cristales de estruvita [MgNH4PO4·6H2O]. También se presenta un modelo de costes integrado para crear un caso de negocio positivo. Resultados: Se lograron unas tasas de recuperación en forma de estruvita del 95% de PO4 3−-P y el 23% de NH4 +-N, con beneficio. Conclusión: Según nuestros conocimientos, este documento es el primero que estudia la recuperación de estos minerales de origen natural del agua residual de la hemodiálisis, lo cual ofrece un gran potencial para la valorización de este tipo de aguas residuales.

Introducción: El fósforo blanco es comúnmente utilizado en productos de pirotecnia. Cuando es ingerido puede producir alteraciones gastrointestinales, hepáticas, renales, colapso circulatorio y neurotoxicidad. No existe un antídoto y una opción de tratamiento puede ser el uso de hemoperfusión, por lo que se presenta el manejo del presente caso. Caso clínico: Hombre de 26 años, que acude con ingesta de 100 mg fósforo blanco en forma de 5 pastillas pirotécnicas (1.41 mg/kg) 5 horas previas. El examen físico con hiperetensión arterial 158/92 mm Hg, el resto del examen normal. Hemoglobina 17.8 g/dl, Colinesterasa 13216 U/L, cetonuria 150 mg/dl, toxicológico negativo para anfetaminas, barbitúricos, benzodiacepinas, cocaína, marihuana, metadona, metanfetaminas, opiáceos y antidepresivos. Manejo: Se realizó un lavado gástrico con bicarbonato de sodio al 10% (20 ampollas) más 1000 ml de Cloruro de Sodio al 0.9%. Se hidrató con Solución Salina 0.9% 100 ml/hora, Omeprazol 40 mg intravenoso y Acetilcisteína en infusión continua. Se colocó acceso vascular y fue sometido a 4 sesiones de Hemoperfusión (Jafron HA230 de carbón artivado), cada 12 horas con duración de 3 horas. Evolución: Al tercer hubo un incremento de TGP de 1002 U/l , el INR fue de 4.56. Se diagnosticó hepatitis aguda grave, sin encefalopatía, sin insuficiencia hepática aguda. Se realizó 4 sesiones adicionales de Hemoperfusión, simultáneamente recibe Vitamina K y Acetilcisteína. En el 6to día disminuyó el valor de TGP 128 U/L, y se normalizo el INR. Se dio el alta en buenas condiciones. Conclusión: La hemoperfusion en 8 sesiones en este caso de intoxicación grave por fósforo blanco, evitó la insuficiencia hepática y la mortalidad.

As bactérias solubilizadoras de fosfato (BSF) possuem capacidade para liberar o fósforo (P) que está adsorvido no solo, convertendo fosfato insolúvel em formas solúveis, tornando-o disponível para a absorção pelas plantas. Estas bactérias podem ser encontradas naturalmente no ambiente, tendo o solo como maior reservatório. Além de serem consideradas benéficas e seguras, as BSF representam uma alternativa viável para uso agrícola, pois podem ser multiplicadas e devolvidas à rizosfera (inoculantes, bioestimulantes, biofertilizantes, biopesticidas) para estimular o crescimento das plantas por meio de mecanismos diretos e/ou indiretos. No entanto, encontrar isolados eficientes e adaptados às diversas culturas e sistemas de cultivo permanece um grande desafio. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo prospectar BSF a partir do solo de diferentes áreas e selecionar, por meio de ensaios in vitro, cepas eficientes e com maior potencial para uso agrícola, bem como, avaliar os efeitos da inoculação em sementes de arroz de terras altas. A partir de amostras de solo coletadas em área conservada do bioma Amazônia, área agrícola produtiva do bioma Cerrado e área degradada com subsolo exposto do bioma Cerrado, foram obtidos 32 isolados solubilizadores. Destes, três foram selecionados pela capacidade de solubilização in vitro para fosfato de cálcio e/ou fosfato de ferro, e com início de solubilização precoce. Identificados como Pantoea sp., Enterobacter sp. e Klebsiella sp., os mesmos não apresentaram danos à sanidade das sementes de arroz, ou à germinação e emergência das plântulas, além de promoverem aumento do comprimento das raízes.

Um dos principais fatores que proporcionam a degradação das pastagens é a baixa fertilidade do solo, sendo que as deficiências de macronutrientes, como nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio, são os principais fatores limitantes da produtividade. Com isso, o trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as características estruturais de duas forrageiras presentes na região sul, aveia preta e azevém, adubados com diferentes adubos químicos. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 4 tratamentos, sendo eles o TC = controle (sem adubação), o TN = tratamento com adubação apenas com nitrogênio, TNP = tratamento com adubação com nitrogênio e fósforo e TNPK = tratamento com adubação com nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio, com seis repetições por tratamento e forrageira. Na avaliação da aveia preta, observou-se aumento de altura (cm) e densidade de perfilhos (perfilhos/m²) para TNP e TNPK, com diferenças em relação à TC e TN. Já para a produção de folhas e colmos, em kg MS/ha) também se observou que a adubação nitrogenada não foi suficiente para aumentar a produção, porém apenas com a inclusão do P já foi possível observar um aumento na produção de ambos os componentes, não diferentes do TNPK. Apesar disso, a porcentagem dos compostos folha e colmo na planta não se alteraram com os tratamentos (P>0,05), com médias de 41,2% e 58,8%, respectivamente, diferindo apenas nos dias de corte. A relação folha e colmo foi maior para TNP e TNPK, demonstrando que apenas a adubação com N não foi capaz de aumentar a quantidade de folhas na aveia preta, pois essa não diferiu do TC. Os dias de corte também alteraram essa relação, diminuindo no corte de 90 dias. A produção de massa verde total, em kg/ha, foi maior para TNPK (P

Los nutrientes del suelo son considerados como factores limitantes de la productividad primaria neta (PPN) de los bosques tropicales. En este sentido, se ha planteado que, en etapas sucesionales iniciales, la PPN está limitada por N y, en etapas tardías, por P. Para probar dicha hipótesis, se midió la producción de hojarasca y el contenido de nutrientes en cinco tratamientos de fertilización (control, N, P, K y NPK) en bosques maduros y de post-minería del Chocó Biogeográfico. Se determinó que la producción de hojarasca post-minería fue mayor con la aplicación de N, K, y NPK, mientras que, en bosques maduros, fue mayor con la aplicación de N. Además, se registró un efecto significativo de la aplicación de N sobre el contenido foliar de N en post-minería. En conclusión, se evidenció una limitación nutricional múltiple de la PPN en etapas sucesionales tempranas, lo que denota un cambio en la limitación con la sucesión.

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O trabalho teve a finalidade de avaliar quais tipos de cultivo e condições operacionais são mais eficientes na remoção de nutrientes do esgoto doméstico primário em sistemas de microalgas-bactérias. Para isso, diferentes condições experimentais foram estudadas utilizando como inóculo microalgas e/ou bactérias bem como o efeito da luz e a adição de gases (gás carbônico e ar atmosférico). As remoções foram mais expressivas nos fotobiorreatores inoculados com microalgas (com predominância de Chlorella vulgaris) e bactérias, em presença de luz. Além disso, as condições que receberam suplementação de gás (MB+CO2 e MB+O2) obtiveram remoções superiores às demais condições, em relação ao nitrogênio total (93 ± 0,2% e 95 ± 1,8%, respectivamente), carbono orgânico total (84 ± 0,2 e 86 ± 0,1%) e carbono inorgânico (95 ± 0,7 e 95 ± 0,3%). Por fim, foram também nestas condições que se obtiveram os melhores resultados de crescimento da biomassa, com produtividade máxima de 179 e 267 mgSST L-1 d-1.

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas is the property of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Horticolas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to develop a simulation model that reconciles the different biological-based mathematical algorithms used to calculate mineral requirements in beef cattle, bibliographic theoretical information has been compiled to lay the foundations for it. The model was developed in an Excel environment with the help of Excel macros. Two mineral samples were evaluated, simple mineral salt and protein salt for beef cattle. For validation were employed beef cattle with +/-290 kg body weight maintained on native pasture. Both, the mineral salt as the protein salt showed deficiencies to cover the mineral requirement of macro minerals, mainly phosphorus with a shortfall of 56 % in average. In the case of the trace minerals they were all covered sufficiently and expressed excesses principally in Fe and Mn, both for the mineral salt and for the protein salt. As for the simulations of daily weight gain, the software yielded results in both cases with lower daily weight gains than those obtained in practice, with a difference of 12%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The adequate control of phosphorus levels is a major concern for professionals involved in the care of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), since high phosphorus levels are directly related to an increase in mortality. Objectives: To know the perception and involvement of Spanish nephrologists on the control of phosphorus levels, the so-called 'Phosphorus Week' was organized (November 13–17, 2017). Methods: All members of the Spanish Society of Nephrology were invited to participate in an online survey, which included questions on aspects related to phosphorus control in patients with advanced CKD (aCKD) (glomerular filtration rate

O biocarvão ativado é um adsorvente que pode ser usado para a remoção de poluentes em meio aquoso através da técnica de adsorção. O trabalho tem como objetivo é avaliar a interferência do encapsulamento com alginato de sódio de biocarvão ativado produzido a partir de casca de banana para remoção de fósforo em meio aquoso, através de ensaios de ponto de carga zero, influência da massa e do pH na adsorção, cinética de adsorção e Isotermas de adsorção. Através das análises, foi possível observar que o desempenho, tanto do biocarvão em pó quanto do encapsulado aplicado através da técnica de adsorção, foi satisfatório para a remoção de fósforo, podendo ser aplicado para o tratamento de efluentes, tanto domésticos quanto industriais.

Although phosphorus is an essential element for life, it is not found in nature in its native state but rather combined in the form of inorganic phosphates (PO43−), with tightly regulated plasma levels that are associated with deleterious effects and mortality when these are out of bounds. The growing interest in the accumulation of PO43− in human pathophysiology originated in its attributed role in the pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in chronic kidney disease. In this article, we review the mechanisms by which this effect was justified and we commemorate the important contribution of a Spanish group led by Dr. M. Rodríguez, just 25 years ago, when they first demonstrated the direct effect of PO43− on the regulation of the synthesis and secretion of parathyroid hormone by maintaining the structural integrity of the parathyroid glands in their original experimental model. In addition to demonstrating the importance of arachidonic acid (AA) and the phospholipase A2-AA pathway as a mediator of parathyroid gland response, these findings were predecessors of the recent description of the important role of PO43- on the activity of the calcium sensor-receptor, and also fueled various lines of research on the importance of PO43− overload not only for the pathophysiology of SHPT but also in its systemic pathogenic role. Resumen: Aunque el fósforo es un elemento indispensable para la vida, en la naturaleza no se encuentra en estado nativo sino combinado en forma de fosfatos inorgánicos (PO43−), con niveles plasmáticos estrechamente regulados que se asocian a efectos deletéreos y mortalidad cuando estos se encuentran fuera de la normalidad. El interés creciente sobre el acúmulo de PO43- en la fisiopatología humana se originó en el papel que se le atribuyó en la patogenia del hiperparatiroidismo secundario a la enfermedad renal crónica. En este artículo revisamos los mecanismos por los cuales se justificaba dicho efecto y conmemoramos la importante contribución de un grupo español liderado por el Dr. M. Rodríguez, ahora hace justo 25 años, cuando demostraron por primera vez el efecto directo del PO43− sobre la regulación de la síntesis y secreción de hormona paratiroidea, manteniendo la integridad estructural de las glándulas paratiroides en su nuevo modelo experimental. Además de demostrar la importancia del ácido araquidónico (AA) y la vía de fosfolipasa A2-AA como mediadora de respuestas en la glándula paratiroidea, estos hallazgos fueron predecesores de la reciente descripción del importante papel del PO43- sobre la actividad del receptor-sensor de calcio y alimentaron asimismo diversas líneas de investigación sobre la importancia de la sobrecarga de PO43− no sólo en la fisiopatología del HPTS sino también en su papel patogénico sistémico.

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Phosphate fertilization of cassava cultivars leads to increased production costs that may be economically viable depending on the quantity used and the corresponding productivity. In this sense, the objective of the work was to analyse the economic viability of the irrigated cultivation of table cassava cultivars in response to the application of phosphorus doses in the Brazilian semiarid region. Two agricultural crops were conducted at the Experimental Farm Rafael Fernandes, Mossoró, RN, from June 2018 to April 2019 and from June 2019 to April 2020. The experimental design was in randomized blocks arranged in subdivided plots, with four replications. The doses of phosphorus (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg ha-1 of P2O5) were applied to the plots and the table cassava cultivars (Água Morna, BRS Gema de Ovo, Recife and Venâncio) arranged in the subplots. The total costs for one hectare of cultivation were estimated and the gross income, net income, rate of return, and profitability index were calculated. The use of phosphate fertilizer was economically viable for the cassava cultivars studied in the two crops. The cultivars Água Morna, BRS Gema de Ovo, and Recife are the best cultivation options for the semiarid region of Rio Grande do Norteas they give high yields with the highest profitability. The Recife cultivar was the region's most profitable cultivation, with a profit ranging from R$ 40,331.07 ha-1 to R$ 57,603.46 ha-1 in both seasons, with an average recommendation of 120 kg ha-1 of P2O5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effect of including different doses of phytase in broiler diets with different levels of phytate and reduced levels of calcium (Ca) and available phosphorus (aP), on broilers performance, digestibility (CAID), and bone characteristics. One thousand four hundred and four Cobb®500 broilers were used, distributed in a complete randomized design, and a 2x3 factorial arrangement, with two phytate levels (4.25 kg/ton - MP and 6.0 kg/ton - HP) and three phytase levels (0, 750, and 1500 FTU/kg) totalizing six treatments with nine replicates each. The animals that received phytase in their diet showed higher average feed intake and weight gain, and higher bone weight, % mineral residue, % Ca, and % P, when compared to the treatment without phytase (P < 0.01). Animals that received a diet containing HP with the inclusion of 1500FTU/kg phytase had the best CAID of nutrients (P < 0.0001). Regarding phytate, animals that received the MP diet showed a higher CAID of dry matter, and higher %P in the tibia when compared to animals that received the HP diet. The addition of phytase to diets with reduced Ca and aP levels can improve the CAIDs and bone characteristics in the presence of high phytate levels. However, reducing Ca and aP levels in the diet without adding phytase impairs the performance of broilers and has no effect on their carcass and cuts yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción. El fósforo y el potasio son nutrientes esenciales para el desarrollo vegetal; pero se encuentran poco disponibles en el suelo, haciendo necesaria la fertilización química o mineral, práctica ineficiente por ausencia de microorganismos solubilizadores. La aplicación de biofermentos de Microorganismos de Montaña (MM) es una alternativa, sin embargo, pocos estudios evidencian el potencial agronómico de las levaduras presentes en MM. Objetivo. Evaluar a nivel in vitro, la capacidad biofertilizante y promotora de crecimiento de levaduras antagonistas aisladas de biofermentos de MM. Materiales y métodos. Esta investigación se desarrolló den el 2019 en la Universidad de Medellín, Colombia. La capacidad biofertilizante se determinó al medir la solubilización de fósforo y potasio en medio sólido mediante halos de solubilización y en medio líquido al cuantificar el fósforo (PS) y potasio soluble (KS) en mg por litro. La actividad promotora de crecimiento, se determinó al cuantificar la producción de indol acético (AIA) de levaduras aisladas de biofermentos de MM. Como prueba adicional, se evaluó la producción de celulasas en medio carboximetil celulosa (CMC). Resultados. En el día seis, se evidenciaron las concentraciones más altas de PS y KS en medio líquido. En agar NBRIP como en caldo con roca P, el aislado GRB-LB05 evidenció un PS de 3,57 mg L-1 diferente a la de control. En agar NBRIP modificado y en caldo con feldespato, GRB-LB01 presentó el menor pH y bajo KS, mientras que, GRB-LB12 (1,32 mg L-1) y GRB-LB02 (1,12 mg L-1) registraron las concentraciones más altas. La levadura GRB-LB06 fue la más promisoria (12 mg L-1) en la producción de AIA, seguida de GRB-LB13. Conclusiones. Las levaduras antagonistas aisladas de biofermentos líquidos de MM mostraron capacidad biofertilizante y promotora del crecimiento, el aislamiento GRB-LB12 (Suhomyces xylopsoci) fue la de mayor solubilización de producción de P, K, AIA y capacidad celulolítica.

O presente trabalho engloba estudos com modos de utilização e localização dos adubos fosfatados e potássicos na cultura da soja.

Tendo em vista o alto custo dos fertilizantes, torna-se necessário garantir a máxima eficiência na sua utilização, pois uma agricultura moderna requer não só o uso de adubos e corretivos em quantidades adequadas, mas também com uma relação de nutrientes ideal, de forma a atender às condições de solo e necessidades da cultura. A forma mais eficiente de utilização de calcário e de adubos fosfatado e potássico na cultura da soja, com base em experimentos de longa duração, é o assunto deste trabalho.

Background: hypovitaminosis D is frequent in kidney transplant recipient (KTR) patients and is associated with deleterious effects both at the bone and extraosseous levels. Treatment with cholecalciferol is effective for the normalization of 25(OH)D, demonstrating a beneficial effect on the calcium-tropic axis in other populations; however, its effect on the PTH/vitamin D/calcium and FGF23/klotho/phosphorus axis in RTR has not been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of normalization of serum 25(OH)D concentrations on the PTH/vitamin D/calcium-FGF23/klotho/phosphorus axis in KTR treated with cholecalciferol, as well as the association between the components of this axis. Methods: a prospective study in 23 KTR with hypovitaminosis D, with evolution from 1 to 12 months post-transplantation, an estimated glomerular filtration rate > 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and a history of primary nephropathy treated with cholecalciferol, in whom the PTH/vitamin D/calcium and FGF23/klotho/phosphorus axis was evaluated during the state of hypovitaminosis D and at normalization of 25(OH)D. Results: at the normalization of 25(OH)D, a reduction in PTH [103 (58.5-123.9) vs 45.6 (30.1-65.1) pg/mL; p = 0.002] and an increase in serum phosphorus [3.1 (2.3-3.5) vs 3.3 (3-3.6) mg/dL; p = 0.01] were evident, with no differences in calcium, klotho and FGF23 concentrations. The time to achieve normalization of 25(OH)D was 12 weeks (RIC, 4-12), with a dose of 5000 IU/day (RIC, 4000-6000). A positive association between klotho and PTH was corroborated (r = 0.54; p = 0.008; linear regression, ß = 0.421; B = 0.004; 95 % CI, 0.003-0.007; p = 0.045). Conclusions: treatment with cholecalciferol is effective for the normalization of 25(OH)D, with a beneficial effect on calcium-phosphotropic metabolism characterized by a reduction in PTH concentration, without significant changes in calcemia or calciuria, as well as an increase in phosphatemia, without modifications in FGF23 or klotho concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Jules Lefort (1816-1889) was a French pharmacist and chemist who did extensive research on toxicology and forensic tests, particularly for morphine and phosphorus. He studied the coloration produced by different reagents with morphine, narcotine, brucine, and strychnine, and the chemical and toxicological effects produced by morphine during its passage through the animal economy. Morphine resisted without alteration the most active and extended putrefaction of animal matter. Salts of iron sesquioxide were the best reagent for assuring the presence of morphine in powder or concentrated solution; iodic acid with ammonia could detect morphine in a liquid containing 1/10,000 part of the alkaloid, and morphine ingested in a continuous manner and in variable doses, would appear in the urine but not in the sweat. He proved that HCl gaseous was the best reagent for detecting the presence of digitaline in colorless liquids and that this compound could be neatly separated by dialysis. Leroy reported the differences between the ipecacuanhas originating from Brasil and from New Granada; the latter contained 23% less emetine. He also developed a very efficient procedure for the separation of this principle. Leroy found that the odor released by putrefying bodies, as well as their slight emission of light, were caused by a sulfur derivative and a combination of hydrogen and phosphorus. He also determined the amount of atropine present in the leaves and roots of belladonna and proposed an efficient method for its extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research studied the effect of the inducers acibenzolar-S-Methyl, potassium phosphite, and potassium silicate on the leaf mineral concentration of peach. The experiment was carried out in Tezontepec, Puebla, in the years 2017 and 2018. The treatments consisted of the foliar application of the resistance inducers acibenzolar-S-Methyl, potassium phosphite, and potassium silicate. Inducers were applied at commercially recommended dose. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with four replicates. Foliar quantification of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, copper and silicon was carried out. The use of resistance inducers increases the leaf concentrations of calcium. The interaction of resistance inducers and years of application modified the foliar concentration of magnesium, phosphorus and sulfur in peaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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En el presente trabajo se realiza la estandarización del procedimiento espectrofotométrico de determinación de polisacárido capsular e intermedios de Neisseria meningitidis serogrupo X, mediante la determinación de los grupos fosfodiéster presentes en su estructura, por el método de Chen. Se realizó un análisis de los siguientes criterios para la estandarización: linealidad, precisión (repetibilidad y precisión intermedia) y exactitud. Se demostró mediante el diseño experimental y los procedimientos estadísticos empleados que el método es lineal (r > 0,99), el coeficiente de variación del factor respuesta < 5%, la desviación estándar relativa de la pendiente < 2%, no existiendo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el intercepto de la ecuación con respecto a cero; exacto, porque no existe diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre la concentración determinada en un material de trabajo y su concentración nominal; también demostró ser repetible, pues el coeficiente de variación de las concentraciones de la muestra evaluada (2,44; 2,43; 0,88% para las concentraciones bajas, medias y altas, respectivamente) es inferior al 3% y no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las medias de los resultados obtenidos por dos analistas, evaluados durante cuatro días a tres niveles de concentración. La precisión intermedia es satisfactoria.

La práctica agrícola de roza-tumba-quema puede generar efectos negativos sobre los hongos micorrícicos arbusculares (HMA). En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto de la quema agrícola en el éxito de la colonización de los HMA en plantas de maíz a la edad de 50 días de desarrollo, así como la riqueza de morfoespecies de estos hongos (esporas) y la producción de biomasa de las plantas. Se encontró que las raíces de las plantas en el cultivo sin quema presentaron un mayor porcentaje de colonización que el cultivo con quema (61.11 y 41.33%, respectivamente), mientras que la riqueza de morfoespecies fue similar, pero con morfoespecies exclusivas para cada tratamiento. La concentración de fósforo en el suelo fue significativamente mayor en el cultivo con quema (P=0.03), aunque la diferencia en la producción de biomasa de las plantas entre tratamientos fue similar. La quema disminuyó la colonización de los HMA en las plantas, no alteró la riqueza de morfoespecies de HMA, ni la biomasa de la planta y disminuyó la proporción raíz-tallo.

Our objective was to evaluate the biomass production and partitioning of Festuca arundinacea (tall fescue) plants infected with endophyte Epichloë coenophiala and inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (HMA) in response to phosphate fertilization (P). For this, an experiment was carried out in pots in a growth chamber, through a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement with 5 repetitions. The growth of F. arundinacea was evaluated in presence or not of E. coenophiala (SE- and SE+, respectively), inoculated with HMA (HMA+ and HMA-, with and without inoculation, respectively) and fertilized with phosphorus (P15 and P0, with and without fertilization, respectively). After 160 days of growth, the total fresh biomass (TFB) and its partitioning into aboveground (AFB) and belowground (BFB), and air dry weight (ADW) were quantified. Mycorrhizal colonization was quantified in roots. HMA+ plants showed lower BFT, BFA and BFR than HMA- plants in SE- and P0 conditions. No differences in BFT and PSA were detected between HMA+ and HMA- plants at P15. At P0, HMA- plants showed higher PFA than HMA+ plants. SE- plants showed higher PSA than SE+ plants. In SE+ plants inoculated with HMA for the P0 condition, abundant extraradical mycelium was recorded, although there was no evidence of interradical colonization or formation of arbuscules or vesicles. At P15, extraradical mycelium was observed around the roots (which were shorter than the roots of unfertilized plants) in only one sample of SE-. Under the conditions of the present experiment, expected responses in biomass production in plants infected with the endophyte fungus and inoculation with HMA and synergism between both symbionts were not recorded. Furthermore, no modulating effect of phosphate fertilization on the expected responses was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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largest biome in total area in South America, this biome has great aptitude for agriculture and stands out every year in the production of agricultural commodities in the national territory, being consolidated as the largest producer of soy, corn, cotton and the largest cattle herd in the world. country. However, it is worth mentioning that there is a limiting factor for production in the cerrado, which is the low natural fertility of its main type of soil, these soils with intense weathering are strongly acidic, have low saturation of bases and predominance of iron and aluminum oxides that adsorb phosphates. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of the bacteria Pseudomonas putida and Pantoea agglomerans, present in the commercial product Phospho Bavar-2, as potential phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (BSP) in latosols, acting in the conversion of non-labile phosphorus into forms readily available to plants. . The experiment was carried out from 03/11/2019 to 04/03/2020 at the experimental farm of IFMT Campus Sorriso in red yellow latosol. The treatments consisted of different doses of triple superphosphate in seeds treated with the bacteria Pseudomonas putida and Pantoea agglomerans, present in Biofertilizante BARVAR-P-2® from Green Biotech Brasil. The treatments were: T1 (Without inoculant+100% fertilizer dose), T2: (With inoculant+100% fertilizer dose), T3: (With inoculant+50% fertilizer dose), T4 (Comminoculant+0% fertilizer dose), T5: (Without inoculant+50% fertilizer dose), T6: (Without inoculant+0% fertilizer dose). There was no significant interaction between inoculant use and productivity in Kg/Ha-1. However, when comparing the productivity averages achieved in the experiment with productivity data at regional and national level, it is possible to verify satisfactory averages that may be directly related to the use of the product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Easily found in humid and shady places, Maranta sobolifera has spread in agricultural areas. However, the lack of information on the development of the species in different environments makes it difficult to understand its adaptive capacity. This paper evaluated the morphophysiological changes of M. sobolifera plants to sun exposure and soil textures. In a completely randomized experimental design and split plots, the main plots corresponded to light exposure and the subplots to soil textures. Gas exchange indices, stomatal density, chlorophyll a, b and total contents, macronutrients and dry mass were evaluated. The lower incidence of luminosity increases the photosynthetic rate by an average of 43% and 33% in clayey and sandy soils, respectively. Stomatal density was higher in full sun, while chlorophyll contents a and b were higher in shaded plants. The N and K contents in leaves, stems and roots were higher in shaded plants by up to 37%. The P content in the stem was 69% and 48% higher in plants grown in clayey and sandy soil, respectively. Dry mass was 26% higher in shaded plants compared to plants grown in full sun. In clayey soil, the total dry mass was 42% higher in relation to plants in sandy textured soil. It is concluded that M. sobolifera plants show morphophysiological changes (>stomatal density) that help adapt to full sun. However, under the canopy of agricultural crops, this species can compete intensely for nutrients, especially in clayey soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of hyperparathyroidism in patients treated with zoledronic acid (ZA) or denosumab, its relationship with other parameters and how it affects on bone mineral density (BMD) evolution., Methods: Retrospective observational study in patients with osteoporosis or osteopenia and high risk of fracture, who have received denosumab or ZA for at least two years. Patients diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism or glomerular filtration rate <30ml/min at baseline visit were excluded from the study., Results: Ninety patients (ZA: 54.44%) were included. 18.36% of ZA-treated patients had elevated PTH levels at some time compared to 36.58% denosumab-treated patients (p>0.05). Patients with persistently elevated PTH were 6.13% in the AZ group and 19.51% in the denosumab group (p<0.04). We found a statistically significant inverse association between elevated PTH levels, glomerular filtration rate (p=0.007), and albumin-corrected calcium (p <0.001). We did not find an association between hyperparathyroidism and BMD evolution., Conclusions: A high incidence of hyperparathyroidism was observed in patients treated with AZ and especially denosumab. Hyperparathyroidism correlated inversely with glomerular filtration rate and albumin-corrected calcium. Elevated PTH does not appear to affect short-term bone mineral density evolution., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

A contaminação por micropoluentes (MPs) é um desafio para a gestão de recursos hídricos, pois mesmo em baixas concentrações tais substâncias podem causar danos a ecossistemas aquáticos e ao homem. ETEs convencionais não foram projetadas para remoção de MPs, e o aprimoramento de sistemas biológicos é atualmente discutido em todo o mundo. Estudos mostram que, em comparação com os sistemas convencionais como Lodos Ativados, a utilização combinada de biomassa fixa e suspensa pode aumentar a remoção de MPs. A tecnologia de reatores de leito móvel com biofilme (MBBR) tem sido empregada em sistemas híbridos, com vistas ao aprimoramento dessas ETEs. Estudos relatam que a contribuição dos biofilmes ocorre por meio de mecanismos distintos dos observados com a biomassa em suspensão. Esta revisão objetivou compilar informações sobre o papel das biomassas fixas e suspensas na remoção de fármacos, com foco na tecnologia MBBR. A eficiência superior de sistemas híbridos estaria relacionada à maior diversidade de condições e de processos biológicos de degradação, onde os dois tipos de biomassa atuariam de forma complementar.

Background and objective: Adequate serum phosphorus levels in patients with chronic kidney disease is essential for their clinical management. However, the control of hyperphosphatemia is difficult because is normally associated with increases in serum PTH. In the present study, the effects of hyperphosphatemia, in the presence of elevated and normal PTH, on cardiac inflammation, hypertrophy and fibrosis in an experimental renal failure model were analyzed. Materials and methods: 4 groups of rats were formed. Two groups underwent total parathyroidectomy (PTx). Rats with Ca

O objetivo com este experimento foi avaliar a resposta morfológica e produtiva de rabanete submetido à fertilização fosfatada. O experimento foi realizado no Instituto Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul Campus Naviraí em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições em esquema fatorial 5x5. Foram utilizadas cinco doses de P2O5 (0, 40, 80, 120 e 160 kg ha-1) e cinco épocas de avaliação (7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias após o plantio). Os tratamentos foram dispostos em canteiros de 1 m² cada, com quatro linhas de semeadura espaçadas de 0,25 m. As variáveis avaliadas foram: massa seca do cotilédone (g), comprimento da raiz (mm), volume da raiz (cm³), diâmetro da raiz tuberosa (mm), massa seca da raiz tuberosa (g), massa seca da folha (g) e produtividade (kg ha-1). A produtividade máxima (8.679,07 kg ha-1) de rabanete foi determinada com a dose de 98,94 kg de P2O5 ha-1.

The aim of this research was to compare the physicochemical composition of pulps of three ecotypes of soursop (Annona muricata L) to obtain nectar with whey, their physical characteristics, bromatological and physicochemicals (ash, protein, fat, moisture, fiber, phenolic compounds and calcium). The results showed significant statistical differences between the pulps regarding their physical, bromatological and physicochemical properties; except for fat analysis. The soursop pulp of the black ecotype had a higher calcium content 507,283 mg / kg (P <0,05) than white and yellow soursop and phosphorous 520,500 mg / kg more than the yellow. Likewise, it has adequate technological properties such as little fiber; pH of 4,55, Brix of 18,2 and best yield 63,2% despite being the smallest with an average length of 9,6 ± 1,8 cm and diameter of 8,7 ± 1,0 cm. The nectars had high content of calcium and phosphorus 182,50 and 285,50 mg / kilo of nectar, although no significant differences were found between nectars of the three soursop ecotypes, but there were significant differences in the organoleptic results; where the nectars with the ecotype black and yellow had greater acceptability tan ecotype white, the first two being ideal for processing of nectars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]