Search

Objective To evaluate the effects of serial intravascular transfusions on RhD-alloimmunized fetuses with ascites/ hydrops at the time of the first transfusion by measuring multiple hematological/biochemical blood variables. Methods Thirty-one singleton pregnancies were referred for management of RhD alloimmunization. Seven fetuses had hydrops on presentation and were transfused immediately. The remainder underwent weekly ultrasound examinations, and fetal blood sampling and transfusion were performed on development of ascites. In the 104 samples collected overall from the 31 fetuses, glucose, uric acid, urea, creatinine, total protein, total and directbilirubin,aspartateaminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase, amylase, pseudocholinesterase (PCHE), creatine kinase, triglycerides and cholesterol were measured and compared with a reference range for non-anemic fetuses. Results The median gestational age at first transfusion was 26 (range, 18‐34) weeks. There were three fetal losses after the first transfusion, two of which were due to procedure-related complications; one further loss occurred. At the first transfusion fetal hematocrit, pO2, total protein, PCHE, creatinine and urea concentrations were significantly decreased compared to reference data, while total and direct bilirubin, AST, ALT, amylase, triglyceride and uric acid concentrations were increased. In all surviving fetuses ascites/hydrops had disappeared by the second transfusion. Fetal pO2, total protein, AST, ALT and PCHE concentrations had normalized by the third transfusion. Correction of fetal anemia did not affect the other variables. Conclusions RhD-alloimmunized fetuses with ascites/hydrops at the time of the first transfusion had a survival rate of 87%. Alterationsof several biochemicalfetal blood indices are present at the first sampling/transfusion, but most variables normalize with intravascular transfusions. Copyright  2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Fetal heart rate (FHR) changes have been reported after regional labor analgesia. In this prospective single-blinded study, we aimed to assess whether epidural analgesia with ropivacaine and sufentanil is associated with significant changes in fetal heart rate.Fetal heart rate traces from 120 women in active labor requesting epidural analgesia were recorded and analyzed by two reviewers 90 minutes before and after epidural analgesia for baseline fetal heart rate, accelerations, decelerations and long-term variability.A significantly decreased number of fetal heart rate accelerations (ANOVA P=0.0001) and a higher percentage of segments with decelerations (P0.05) were observed in the three segments after analgesia as compared to the three preceding segments. The minimum number of accelerations occurred during the 30 minutes immediately after analgesia was initiated. The reviewers were concordant in finding a significant change from the 60 minutes before to the 60 minutes after analgesia, a period in which thereEpidural analgesia with ropivacaine and sufentanil is associated with fetal heart rate changes. These modifications are transient and should be considered when evaluating fetal heart rate monitoring during labor to prevent inappropriate obstetric management decisions to proceed with operative labor.

The steric misfit between a geminal bis(pyrazol-1-yl)propane ligand and tetrahedral coordination leads to distortion of the latter in the title compound: NZnN is 89.5(1)°, ClZnCl 116.78(5)°. Comparison of the ZnN (2.058(3), 2.046(3) A) and ZnCl (2.209(1), 2.229(1) A) distances with those of related compounds evidences the steric bulkiness of the title ligand. 2,2′-Bis(pyrazol-1-yl)propan - ein voluminoser Ligand: Kristallstrukturanalyse des Adduktes mit Zinkchlorid Durch den zweibindigen Liganden Bis-(pyrazol-1-yl)propan erfolgt eine sterische Behinderung zur Bildung der tetraedrischen Koordination um das Zink in der Titelverbindung, wodurch eine Verzerrung dieser Koordination erfolgt. Die Winkel NZnN und ClZnCl betragen deshalb: 89,5(1)° bzw. 116,78(5)°. Ein Vergleich der Abstande ZnN (2,058(3); 2,046(3) A) und ZnCl (2,209(1); 2,229(1) A) mit denen verwandter Verbindungen zeigt den sterischen Einflus des Titelliganden.

The compounds RnSnX3-nQ where R = Me, Et, Bu or Ph; X = Cl or Br: n = 0, 1, or 2 and Q is the sterically demanding title ligand have been shown to be stable and non-fluxional and to contain six-coordinated tin(IV) and the tridentate ligand Q.

The crystal structure of bis(4-nitropyrazol-1-yl)methane has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The nitro groups form angles of 16.45(6) and 11.83(7)°, respectively, with the pyrazole ring to which they are attached. The internal and external angles of the pyrazole rings follow a set of empirical rules: (1) N(1)-N(2)-C(3) is smaller than N(2)-N(1)-C(5); (2) N(2)-C(3)-C(4) is larger than N(1)-N(2)-C(3) and at least one chosen between C(3)-C(4)-C(5) and C(4)-C(5)-N(1); (3) C3-C4-C5 is not the largest internal angle; (4) R1-N1-N2 is smaller than R1-N1-C5; (5) N2-C3-R3 is smaller than R3-C3-C4, or R5-C5-N1 is smaller than C4-C5-R5; (6) C3-C4-R4 and R4-C4-C5 are nearly the same. Provided that the angle considered is not part of another ring, the first five rules are valid for all the pyrazoles investigated up to now, while violation of the last rule is good evidence for steric hindrance or marked asymmetry of the 3- and 5-substituents.

The opacification of intestinal loops is mandatory, during CT examination of the abdomen, to prevent the gut from being mistaken for a pathological process or vice versa. The authors compared Gastrografin and Prontobarium-CT with a new, orally administrable, non-ionic contrast medium (Gastromiro) to investigate whether the non-ionic molecule presents any advantages over the other contrast media usually employed with CT. Five hundred ml of water solution/suspension at 11.1% (Gastromiro or Gastrografin) and 1.7% (Prontobarium-CT) were administered 20 minutes before examination to 818 consecutive patients. Different parameters were considered--i.e., patient tolerance as far as "taste and vomiting" were concerned, gut opacification, and any reaction which might have occurred to the patients within 24 hours after examination. The results, statistically analyzed, are the following: no significant difference in the quality of opacification of stomach, duodenum, and large bowel; significant difference in the quality of opacification of small bowel, where Gastromiro proved to have the highest contrast resolution; Gatromiro stimulated diarrhea significantly less than Gastrografin and Prontobarium-CT.

The ligating properties of 4-acyloxime-1-phenyl-3-methyl-2-pyazolin-5-ones (acyl = acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, chloroacetyl) and 4-acyloxime-1-(3′-chloropheny1)-3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-ones (acyl = formyl, acetyl, benzoyl and propionyl) with chromium(III) have been studied. The chromium(III) chelates have been synthesized and characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, electrical conductance, electronic and infrared spectra and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The oximes form the chelates of the type CrL3. The chelates have magnetic moments close to the spin only values. The infrared spectra of the chelates reveal the retention of the oximino proton. The coordination sites of the ligands have been determined from νC=N (oxime) and νC-O. The chelates non-electrolytes in DMF and are octahedral.

Formamidines and formimidates (L = (p-MeC6H4 NH)(p-MeC6H4N=)CH; L′ = (p-MeC6H4N=) (EtO)CH are shown to yield metal complexes, not obtained directly before. The following complexes were characterized through spectral and magnetic data: L2Ag+, L2AgNO3, L2ZnBr2, L2CdBr2, L3Cd2Br4, LHgCl2, L2CoCl2, [LH]2[CoCl4], cis-(CO)2RhClL as well as L′2Ag+ and cis-(CO)2RhClL′. I.r. and n.m.r. spectra allow to distinguish these complexes from the derivatives of the isomer carbene ligands, (RNH)2C: and (RNH)(R′O)C:.

Reaction of LAuCl with various pyrazol-5-ones and alkali in homogeneous or heterogeneous medium has given several 1-R-3-R′-4(LAu) 2 -pyrazol-5-one derivatives (R = H, phenyl, p -bromophenyl, tosyl, methyl; R′ = methyl, trifluoromethyl; L = Ph 3 P or Et 3 P). In the case of 1-aryl-5-methylpyrazol-3-one 1-aryl-2-triphenylphosphinegold-5-methylpyrazol-3-one, a compound with an AuN bond is formed. The scope, limitation, and characteristic of the auration reaction are discussed.

Diamagnetic compounds of formula [Rh(CH 3 COO)-(β-diketonato) H 2 O] 2 (where β-diketonato is the anion of the enol form of acetylacetone, trifluoroacetylacetone and hexafluoroacetylacetone) have been synthetized by reactin [Rh(CH 3 COO) 2 H 2 O] 2 with an excess of the β-diketone. The compounds exchanged in solution the coordinated water molicules with basic ligands such as pyridine but less easily with other less basic ligands. Some adducts with pyridine and substituted pyridine were isolated in the solid state. Ingrared, electronic and n.m.r. spectra are reported and possible structures are proposed.

The reaction [Rh(CO) 2 X] 2 +2RCN⇌ cis [Rh(CO) 2 (RCN)X] has been studied and the thermodynamic data of the above equilibrium, obtained by infrared spectroscopy, have been correlated with the properties of the nitriles.

The intermetallic bond in compounds of formuls (CO)5MM′R3 (M = Mn, Re; M′ = C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) and π-C5H5(CO)nMM′R3 (M = Fe, Mo; n = 2,3; M′ = Ge, Sn, Pb) was studied by using infrared (C = O and MC stretchings) and n.m.r. (τ values of πC5H5 ring) spectra and dipole moments in solution. It was found that only inductive effects of R groups were operative on the electronic density of the transition metal. The polarity of the metal-metal bonds was found low and with the following distribution of charge M δ+  M′ °− . However, the metalmetal bonds seem to be very polarisable in the following order MSi

The first ionization energies of a number of (CO)2M(β-diketonate) complexes (M = Rh, Ir) were measured by electron impact. The hypothesis of a first ionization from a molecular orbital with a significant participation of the central metal atomic orbital is proposed for these complexes. The results obtained previously with other metal β-diketonates are shown to be consistent with the proposed rationalisation. Das erste Ionisierugspotential einer Reihe von (CO)2M(β-Diketonato)-Komplexverbindungen wurden durch Elektronenstos gemessen. Es wird die Annahme vorgeschlagen, das die erste Ionisierung auf ein Molekularorbital, in der das atomare Orbital des zentralen Metallatoms eine nicht untergeordnete Rolle spielt, stattfindet. Die Ergebnisse alterer Untersuchungen an anderen β-Diketonato-Verbindungen konnen durch unseren Vorschlag erklart werden.

The relative intensities and appearance potentials of the principal ions formed from a series of rhodium and iridium dicarbonyl diketonates were measured by mass spectrometry. These compounds show the usual CO losses generally found in the fragmentation of metal carbonyls. Additionally several fragmentation peculiarities characteristic of metal acetylacetonates were found. Energetic data were used to interpret some aspects of the cracking patterns.

Preparations and properties of the potentially eight-coordinate SnL4, SnL2Cl2 (L = dimethyl-, diethyl-, and pentamethylen-dithiocarbamate), and ClSn(O)[S2CN(CH2)5].2H2O are given. The possible structures are discussed on the basis of infrared, 1H n.m.r., and other data.

Tin(II) halides react with mercury compounds such as RR′Hg [R =π-C5H5Fe(CO)2, π-C5H5Mo(CO)3, π-C5H5W(CO)3, Co(CO)4, Co(CO)3(Bun3P); R = R or Cl] to yield compounds with tin–metal bond(s) such as RR′SnX2 or RSnX3. The nature of the reaction is discussed.

Compounds with general formula R2Tl(SSPR′2), R2Sn(SSPR′2)2, R3Sn(SSPR′2), X2Sn(SSPR′2)2, R2Tl(SSCNR″2 were prepared (R = methyl, ethyl, phenyl; X = chlorine, bromine; R′ = ethyl, phenyl; R $ = methyl, ethyl, phenyl). The dithiocarbamato derivatives appear to be chelated and monomeric in solution with a four-coordinate thallium(III). Tl(SSCNEt2)3 was found to be six-coordinate in solution. The dithiophosphinates were found to be associated in solution and possible explanation for this are discussed Owing to the presence of association, the assignment of cis or trans structure to X2Sn(SSPR′2)2 or R2Sn(SSPR′2)2 compounds is difficult.

H 2 IrL 2 (chel) compouds (L = PPh 3 , AsPh 3 ; chel = O,O′-disubstituted dithiophosphate, or P,P -disubstituted dithiophosphinates) were prepared. Structure proposals are made on the basis of i.r. and n.m.r. spectral evidence.

Komplexverbindungen vom Typ R2SnL (R = CH3, C6H5; L ist ein dreizahniger ONO- oder SNO-Ligand) werden dargestellt und ihre IR-, KMR- und elektronischen Spektren untersucht, um die Strukturen zu klaren. Als Liganden (LH2) werden benutzt: 4-(2-Benzothiazolinyl)-pentan-2-on, (hier zum ersten Mal dargestellt); 3-(o-Hydroxyphenylamino)crotonophenon; 2-(o-Hydroxyphenyl)-benzothiazolin; und N-o-Hydroxybenzyliden-o′-hydroxyanilin. Im festem Zustand umgeben die organischen Liganden L2− das Zinn(IV)-Atom als ebene dreizahnige Liganden. Die R2SnIV-Reste sind wahrscheinlich nicht linear. Eine mogliche Anordnung der Liganden ist eine trigonale Bipyramide, in der die zwei R-Reste und das Stickstoffatom in der trigonalen Ebene und die zwei Sauerstoffatome bzw. das Sauerstoff- und das Schwefelatom in den zwei anderen Positionen auf beiden Seiten der Ebene liegen. Complexes R2SnL (R = CH3, C6H5; L2− = tridentate ONO and SNO ligands) are synthesized, and their configuration is investigated by vibrational, PMR and electronic spectroscopy. The ligands H2L are: 2-pentanone-4-(2-benzothiazolinyl), (prepared for the first time); 3-(o-hydroxyphenylamino)crotonophenone; 2-(o-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazoline; 2,2′methylidynenitrilo diphenol. Their configuration at the solid state is discussed. The ligands seem to coordinate the tin (IV) atoms as planar tridentates, in the dianion Schiff base form. The R2SnIV moieties very probably assume a bent configuration in R2SnL. Hypotheses on the structure of R2SnL are then advanced: the possible occurrence of a quasi trigonal bipyramidal geometry, where the two carbon (R) atoms and the azomethine nitrogen atom are allocated in the trigonal plane and the O, O or S, O ligand atoms lie in axial position, is discussed.

Complexes of general formula M[H 2 B(Me 2 pz) 2 ] 2 , [where M = Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II)] are characterized by thermal analysis and complementary techniques. Mixtures of boron and metal oxides are found as final residues. Relative thermal stability (Ni > Cu > Co = Zn) and thermal behaviour are discussed. Melting and sublimation data are compared with those referred to in the literature.