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Depression is a worldwide problem with a great social and economic burden in many countries. In our previous research, we found that the expression of proBDNF/p75NTR/sortilin is upregulated in patients with major depressive disorder. In addition, the treatment of proBDNF antibodies reversed both the depressive behaviors and the reduced BDNF mRNA detected in our rodent chronic stress models. Antidepressant drugs are usually only effective in a subpopulation of patients with major depression with a delayed time window of 2-4 weeks to exert their efficacy. The mechanism underlying such delayed response is not known. In this study, we hypothesize that antidepressant drugs exert their therapeutic effect by modulating proBDNF/p75NTR and mature BDNF/TrkB signaling pathways. To test the hypothesis, C57 mice were randomly divided into normal control, chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), vehicle (VEH), fluoxetine (FLU), and clozapine (CLO) groups. Behavioral tests (sucrose preference, open field, and tail suspension tests) were performed before and after 4 weeks of CUMS. The gene and protein expression of proBDNF, the neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), sortilin, and TrkB in the cortex and hippocampus were examined. At the protein level, CUMS induced a significant increase in proBDNF, p75NTR, and sortilin production while the TrkB protein level was found to be lower in the cortex and hippocampus compared with the control group. Consistently, at the mRNA level, p75NTR expression increased with reduced BDNF/TrkB mRNA in both cortex and hippocampus, while sortilin increased only in the hippocampus after CUMS. FLU and CLO treatments of CUMS mice reversed all protein and mRNA expression of the biomarkers in both cortex and hippocampus, except for sortilin mRNA in the cortex and proBDNF in the hippocampus, respectively. This study further confirms that the imbalance between proBDNF/p75NTR/sortilin and mBDNF/TrkB production is important in the pathogenesis of depression. It is likely that antidepressant FLU and antipsychotic CLO exert their antidepressant-like effect correcting the imbalance between proBDNF/p75NTR/sortilin and mBDNF/TrkB Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Using the high-stability controller Delta AS324MT and the advanced high-precision servo system through the CANOPEN bus communication mode, the z-pin implantation is controlled with high precision and high efficiency, and the second encoder is applied to the qualifying mode to completely implement the closed-loop control of the qualifying length. Solve the technical problems such as the inaccuracy of the length and position, control the position precision and the precision of the implantation through the four-axis numerical control implantation method, and achieve the action control of the cutting by the joint pneumatic loop control. The actual test results show that this method improves the accuracy and efficiency of z-pin implantation, greatly saves the labor cost, and reduces the harm of manual implantation to the human body.

According to the high-speed train body chassis connecting plate and the side wall key piece structure is complex, the processing difficulty is big, the processing is easy to deform, the precision is not easy to control, the processing efficiency is low, carries on the processing craft characteristic analysis, produces the processing craft analysis report. The dynamic milling forces in X, Y and Z directions during milling process are tested by means of testing and analyzing the dynamic characteristics of the machine tool, and the dynamic performance of the system can be tested by means of modal test, the transfer function of the system is obtained, and the modal parameters such as natural frequency, damping ratio and modal stiffness are obtained by mode fitting on the basis of the transfer function data, complete the dynamic characteristic analysis of the machine tool. Based on the modal analysis of the whole process system and the dynamic model analysis of the milling process, the chatter stability region of the milling process is simulated by using the theory of regenerative chatter, the results of chatter stability region related to milling process parameters are given.

A high precision machining device for large scale curve groove of aluminum alloy key parts has been developed, the device is composed of a workpiece spindle drive system, a lathe bed, a hydraulic clamp system, a cutter spindle drive system, a deep feed shaft drive system, a linear feed shaft drive system, a data acquisition feedback system and a numerical control system, it improves the manufacturing precision and the whole strength and rigidity of the curve groove of the large aluminum alloy key parts, especially can be used for the whole precision machining of the curve groove of the high strength and high rigidity aluminum alloy key parts, and reduces the production cycle and cost, the key technical problems of cutting tool deformation and vibration control in NC milling and grinding wheel wear and correction in NC grinding are solved, it can meet the requirements of high-strength, high-rigidity and high-precision machining of large-scale aluminum alloy key parts.

Rust (Melampsora apocyni) on Apocynum venetum is the major constraint to the commercial development of this medicinal herb. To determine the factors influencing rust intensity (maximum disease index [DImax]), rust was investigated from 2011 to 2015 in both cultivated and wild A. venetum plants. Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) was used to analyze the paths and extent of the factors related to pathogen, environment, and host that affect rust intensity. DImax exhibited considerable variations across years and study sites, with variations linked to various factors fostering disease development. PLS-PM explained 80.0 and 70.1% of variations in DImax in cultivated and wild plants, respectively. Precipitation was the key factor determining DImax in both cultivated and wild plants (path coefficient [PC] = 0.313 and 0.544, respectively). In addition, the topsoil water content in cultivated plants and the total vegetation coverage in wild plants were also critical determinants of DImax via their effects on the microclimatic factor (contribution coefficients [CC] = 0.681 and 0.989, respectively; PC = 0.831 and 0.231, respectively). In both cultivated and wild plants, host factors were mainly dominated by A. venetum density (CC = 0.989 and 0.894, respectively), and their effect on DImax via the microclimatic factor (PC = 0.841 and 0.862, respectively) exceeded that via the inoculum factor (PC = 0.705 and 0.130, respectively). However, the indirect effects led to DImax variation, while the dilution effect on host (CC = 0.154) from weed in wild plants led to the indirect effect size in wild plants of 0.200, which was lower than −0.699 in cultivated plants.

MiR-564 has been discovered to be abnormally expressed in human malignancy. Two recent studies suggested that miR-564 plays a role in tumor inhibition in both lung and breast cancer. However, no evidence reported the mechanism and function of miR-564 in prostate cancer (PCa).The PCa tissues and their adjacent normal tissues were collected from 50 PCa patients. Expressions of miR-564 in tissues and cells were evaluated with RT-qPCR. The MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay, flow cytometry and Western-blot analysis, were applied to detect the proliferation, cell cycle progression and the protein expression of PCa cell lines (PC-3 and DU-145). Migration and invasion of PCa cells were analyzed by Transwell assays. Furthermore, the correlation between miR-564 and MLLT3 was assessed by luciferase reporter assay. Also, the PCa cells were transfected with miR-564 mimics control and inhibitor.In our present research, miR-564 was found dysregulated in PCa cells and to act as a suppressor in PCa cell proliferation, progression of cell cycle, cell invasion and migration. MLLT3 (also known as Af9) is a proto-oncogene, which has first reported in leukemia, and the regulation of its expression remains incompletely elucidated. Also, it is first reported in our study, suggesting that MLLT3 is a direct target of miR-564. The results also showed a significant negative correlation with miR-564 in PCa cells. Furthermore, up-regulation of MLLT3 attenuates the effects of miR-564 on the ability of PCa cells.Our research demonstrated the suppressor function of miR-564 in PCa, revealing restoration of miR-564 as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of PCa.

Core loss is one of the key factors for performance evaluation of switched reluctance machines. In this paper, core loss analysis of the planar switched reluctance motor (PSRM) is calculated based on the 3-D time-stepping finite element methods. The numerical analysis for the computation of the core loss is discussed, also its transient and average core loss in the mover and the stator are calculated. The corresponding experiments of measurement loss for a PSRM prototype are conducted and the results validate the accuracy from the numerical analysis. It can be concluded that core loss dominates around the corner of the mover and stator cores.

Welding rapid forming is a type of rapid forming technology which can be used to rapidly form metal functional parts directly. Some problems always exist in the routine part-forming process, such as the requirement for a support structure, difficulties balancing forming efficiency with accuracy, and lack of an appropriate slicing method. This paper is related to an innovative forming method based on use of an arc welding robot. A professional welding forming database, a special adaptive slicing method customized to the characteristics of the surfacing process, on-requirement milling, and renewed slicing are created to realize this strategy. Before a part is built, its computer-aided design (CAD) model will be firstly decomposed into its individual features, and then special adaptive slicing will be enforced on the model. This is followed by a freeform stage to start to build the part. During this process, the height of the formed layers and the surface quality are under constant review using new methods that we will present to determine if on-requirement milling and renewed slicing consideration is required. After each part is built, the final step will be to perform post-treatment on the entire part. Typical part tests show that if this technique is used, the requirement for a support structure can be completely removed, while ensuring the forming efficiency and accuracy during the deposition process at the same time.

This paper investigates the fuzzy control method for the linear switched reluctance motor (LSRM) drive system. Modeling of the LSRM is constructed based on the finite element method (FEM) environment Maxwell and the control system is analyzed by the co-simulation environment with Simplorer. Both the performance of the fuzzy proportional integral differential (PID) controller and the traditional PID controller are compared. The simulation results prove that the fuzzy PID controller yields faster rising time and smaller overshoot, compared with the traditional PID controller.

International audience; This paper presents a simplified finite element method called "Pseudo Inverse Approach" (PIA) for tool shape design and optimization in multi-step cold forging processes. The approach is based on the knowledge of the final part shape. Some intermediate configurations are introduced and corrected by using a free surface method to consider the deformation paths without contact treatment. A robust direct algorithm of plasticity is implemented by using the equivalent stress notion and tensile curve. Numerical tests have shown that the PIA is very fast compared to the incremental approach. The PIA is used in an optimization procedure to automatically design the shapes of the preform tools. Our objective is to find the optimal preforms which minimize the equivalent plastic strain and punch force. The preform shapes are defined by B-Spline curves. A simulated annealing algorithm is adopted for the optimization procedure. The forging results obtained by the PIA are compared to those obtained by the incremental approach to show the efficiency and accuracy of the PIA.

Invasions by exotic plant species can alter ecosystem properties, including important soil functions and characteristics. We present here a study of rhizosphere soil microbial communities and three enzyme activities from exotic poplars six poplars Jiayang, Fenlanyang, Eluosiyang and native poplars Xiaoyeyang, Xiaoqingyang, Xing-anyang. We used RAPD methods to analyse the effects of six poplars species on soil microbial community. Soil microbial community of exotic and native poplars showed a significant difference between each other. According to the analyzes of soil enzyme activities, we found that the values of phenol oxidase changed significantly between the exotic and native poplars, and the change of phosphomonoesterase activity among different months were not regularly in exotic poplars which compared with the native ones. The urease activities of exotic and native poplars were tending to be increase along with the time increasing. The exotic poplars make few changes on urease activities compared with native poplars. Eluosiyang which close to the native poplars on soil characters may has a little effect on rhizosphere soil microbial communities and soil conditions.

Summary Carcinoma-in-situ (CIS) is a precursor of germ cell cancers in the testis. Early detection and treatment of CIS can prevent the development of invasive cancer. We have developed an immunomagnetic approach for enrichment of CIS cells from semen. Immunomagnetic beads were coated with monoclonal antibody (mAb) M2A, which is specific for seminoma and CIS. In preliminary mixing experiments, cultured human HEY cells, which express the M2A surface antigen, were added to semen samples and recovered selectively by incubation with M2A-coated immunomagnetic beads followed by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS). Application of this procedure to ejaculates from five subjects with CIS and 22 control subjects with no evidence of testicular neoplasia resulted in the preferential recovery of a population of large round cells from a 0.5 ml semen sample obtained from CIS subjects (median 1 times 104, range 2 times 103 to 2 times 104) relative to controls (median 2 times 102; range 0 to 103), with no overlap between the two groups (p

The silver staining which specifically stains argyrophilic proteins (AgNORs) in interphase nuclei was applied to paraffin sections of 24 testicular specimens with carcinoma in situ (CIS). AgNOR area per nucleus was quantified by a computerized image analyser. Significant quantitative differences were found between CIS, Sertoli cells, and spermatogonia (P = 0.0001), with median values of 10.3, 2.8, and 1.4 microns2 in the three cell types, respectively. A Sertoli cell index (SCI), defined as the ratio between AgNORs in CIS or spermatogonia and Sertoli cells, was shown to be significant in the differential diagnosis of CIS cells from spermatogonia when 1.0 was used as the cut-off value (CIS1; spermatogonia1). Furthermore, CIS associated with non-seminoma was found to have a significantly higher level of AgNORs than CIS associated with pure seminoma (P0.01), indicating that subclonal variation in transformation potential might be present within morphologically identical CIS of the testis. It remains to be seen whether quantification of AgNORs in isolated CIS could be used to predict transformation of CIS into seminoma or non-seminoma.

C46H37AgCl2F4N4O4, orthorhombic, Pccn (no. 56), a = 27.93(1) Å, b = 7.208(3) Å, c = 21.083(8) Å, V = 4244.0 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.035, wRref(F2) = 0.069, T = 298 K.

C24H24Ag2N6O10, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 3.807(3) Å, b = 11.55(1) Å, c = 16.21(1) Å, α = 74.17(1)°, β = 84.75(1)°, γ = 89.89(1)°, V = 682.6 Å3, Z = 1, Rgt(F) = 0.045, wRref(F2) = 0.153, T = 293 K.

C 46 H 37 AgCl 2 F 4 N 4 O 4 , orthorhombic, Pccn (no. 56), a = 27.93(1) A, b = 7.208(3) A, c = 21.083(8) A, V = 4244.0 A 3 , Z = 4, R gt (F) = 0.035, wR ref (F 2 ) = 0.069, T = 298 K.

C 24 H 24 Ag 2 N 6 O 10 , triclinic, P1 (no. 2), a = 3.807(3) A, b = 11.55(1) A, c = 16.21(1) A, a = 74.17(1)°, β = 84.75(1)°, y = 89.89(1)°, V = 682.6 A 3 , Z = 1, R gt (F) = 0.045, wR ref (F 2 ) = 0.153, T= 293 K.

C6H6AgN03S, monoclinic, P12i /c l (No. 14), a = 9.109(5) Â, b = 8.910(5) Â, c = 9.546(6) Â, β = 100.076(7)°, V = 762.8 Â , Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.030, wRKi(F) = 0.078, T= 293 K. Source of material All reagents and solvents were used as obtained without further purification. An ammonium solution (10 ml) of Ag20 (116 mg, 0.5 mmol) and 4-aminobenzenesolfonic acid (159 mg, 1.0 mmol) were stood still for 1 week to evaporate most of the ammonium gas. Large colorless rod-like crystals of the title complex were deposited and collected by filtration, washed with acetonitrile and diethyl ether and dried in a vacuum desiccator over silica gel (yield 43%). Elemental analysis: found C, 25.49%; H, 2.17%; N, 4.86%; calc. for C 6 H 6 AgN0 3 S C, 25.73%; H, 2.16%; N, 5.00%. Discussion Preparation of noble metal complexes is very important in the development of optical materials, polymer conductors, catalyst carriers, and other applications [1]. The isolation of s i lve r® complexes is complicated by the fact that they often form polynuclear complexes and are generally light sensitive. Additionally, nearly all polymeric si lver® complexes are water insoluble and most of them are light unstable [2,3]. In this work, -1-aminophenylsulfonate was utilized as ligand to ligate silver !ons and subsequently keep them soluble in water and stable to light. The title complex is an electronically neutral mono-nuclear compound. In the title compound, the Ag( l ) atom is four-coordinated by three oxygen atoms and one nitrogen atom from each of the four aminophenylsulfonate ligands. The AgOiN coordination is a severely distorted tetrahedron (the angles around the silver(I) atom are from 77.68(8)° to 132.35(9)°). The Ag—O (average 2.444(4) A) and Ag—Ν (2.250(3) A) bond lengths in the title complex are slightly longer than the similar bond contacts. To decrease steric effects, the four aromatic rings are located far away from each other. The S atom in the ligand is in the slightly distorted tetrahedral geometry. Table 1. Data collection and handling. Crystal: Wavelength: μ· Diffractometer, scan mode: 2$max: W(/iW)mCasured, N(hkl)unique: Cr i te r ion f o r 70bs, N(hkl)gt: N(param) refined: Programs: colorless, size 0.13 χ 0.41 χ 0.56 mm Mo Ka radiation (0.71073 Â) 28.74 cm" Bruker SMART CCD, φ/ω 52.88° 4126, 1507 /obs > 2 a(Iobs), 1286 133 SHELXTL [3], SHELXTL-plus [4] Table 2. Atomic coordinates and displacement parameters (in A"). Atom Site X y ζ U\ so H(l) 4e 0.561(4) 0.482(4) 0.405(4) 0.035(9) H(2) 4e 0.320(4) 0.511(5) 0.313(4) 0.04(1) H(3) \e 0.390(5) 0.295(4) -0.045(5) 0.05(1) H(4) 4e 0.633(5) 0.278(4) 0.049(4) 0.04(1) H(5) \e 0.158(4) 0.410(4) -0.028(4) 0.033(9) H(6) 4e 0.134(4) 0.490(5) 0.119(4) 0.04(1) * Correspondence author (e-mail: hlzhu@wist.edu.cn) Unauthenticated Download Date | 6/27/16 7:16 AM

C36H36Cu2O12, orthorhombic, Pbca (No. 61), a = 10.992(1) A, b = 7.706(1) A, c = 41.770(5) A, V = 3538.0 A, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.109, wRref(F) = 0.269, T = 293 K. Source of material All reagents and solvents were used as obtained without further purification. An aqua-ammonium solution (10 ml) of Cu2O (71 mg, 0.5 mmol) and cinnamatic acid (147 mg, 1.0 mmol) were stood still for 1 week to vapor most of the ammonium gas, large blue slab crystals of the title complex were deposited and collected by filtration, washed with water and dried in a vacuum desiccator over silica gel (yield 67%). Elemental analysis: found – C, 54.66%; H, 4.66%; calc. for C36H36Cu2O12 – C, 54.89%; H, 4.61%. Experimental details All the hydrogen atoms are geometrically fixed excepting those attached to the water molecules which are located using the program HYDROGEN [1] and freely refined. We refined these hydrogen atoms to confirm that these are really water molecules and not OH or O atoms. Discussion Metal complexes with carboxylates are among the most investigated compounds in the field of coordination chemistry. Nevertheless, the crystal structures of metal complexes with cinnamate ligands have rarely been reported. Previously, we reported the structure and properties of a silver(I) comples [Ag( -hmt)(cin)] · 2H2O (hmt = hexamethylenetetramine, cin = cinnamate) [2], with this organic carboxylic acid. The title complex is a discrete electronically neutral dinuclear copper(II) unit, [Cu(cinH)2(H2O)2]2, where cinH is cinnamatic acid. The two copper(II) atoms in each dinuclear unit are equivalent, each of which is ligated by four oxygen atoms from two cinnamate anions and two coordinated water molecules, respectively. The four coordination atoms around the central metal are coplanar, constituting a square-planar geometry around the copper(II) atom with plane deviation of 0.0384(4) A, and the copper atom is deviated from the square-plane by 0.0123(4) A. All the cinnamate anions are unidentate ligands, and the average Cu-O(cinnamate) bond length (2.001(6) A) is in the normal range for the complexes with aromatic carboxylates. The two diagonal angles in the CuO4 square plane are respectively 175.8(3)° and 178.0(2)°, indicating a slightly distorted square-planar geometry of Cu(1). The Cu square plane is at the angles of 73.7(2)° and 123.4(2)° with the two kinds of aromatic rings. All the CuO4 planes in the complex are parallel one another. Weak interactions play an important role in the crystal structure of the title complex. The shortest distance between the CuO4 planes is 3.528(6) A, and a great deal of hydrogen bonds between the adjacent O atoms join the two monomers to form a dinuclear copper(II) unit. Z. Kristallogr. NCS 218 (2003) 261–262 261 © by Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Munchen Crystal: blue slab, size 0.06 × 0.24 × 0.38 mm Wavelength: Mo K radiation (0.71073 A) : 12.65 cm Diffractometer, scan mode: Siemens SMART CCD, 2 max: 56.6° N(hkl)measured, N(hkl)unique: 20956, 4397 Criterion for Iobs, N(hkl)gt: Iobs > 2 (Iobs), 2212 N(param)refined: 242 Programs: SHELXTL [3], SHELXTL-plus [4] Table 1. Data collection and handling. H(1) 8c –0.0137 0.9659 0.1160 0.057 H(2) 8c –0.0383 0.8838 0.1683 0.078 H(3) 8c 0.1206 0.7573 0.1960 0.065 H(4) 8c 0.3001 0.7099 0.1705 0.060 H(5) 8c 0.3330 0.8065 0.1194 0.047 H(7) 8c 0.1043 0.9792 0.0674 0.034 H(8) 8c 0.3519 0.9345 0.0716 0.033 H(10) 8c 0.4710 0.8780 0.1946 0.068 H(11) 8c 0.4746 0.9165 0.2493 0.073 H(12) 8c 0.6345 1.0631 0.2727 0.072 H(13) 8c 0.7882 1.1667 0.2419 0.084 H(14) 8c 0.7803 1.1317 0.1865 0.070 H(16) 8c 0.5333 0.9393 0.1426 0.066 H(17) 8c 0.7683 1.0099 0.1368 0.078 H(1W1) 8c 0.50(2) 1.21(2) 0.048(4) 0.13(6) H(1W2) 8c 0.509(8) 0.67(1) 0.027(2) 0.02(2) H(2W1) 8c 0.628(9) 1.31(1) 0.016(2) 0.05(3) H(2W2) 8c 0.619(8) 0.67(1) 0.056(2) 0.05(3) Table 2. Atomic coordinates and displacement parameters (in A). Atom Site x y z Uiso

AgCNS, monoclinic, C12/c1 (No. 15), a = 8.792(5) Å, b = 7.998(5) Å, c = 8.207(5) Å, β= 93.75(1)°, V = 575.9 Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.049, wRref(F2) = 0.086, T = 293 K.

C14H39Cl3N6O13Zn2, monoclinic, P121/m1 (No. 11), a = 7.802(2) Å, b = 12.121(3) Å, c = 15.662(3)Å, β = 104.29(2)°, V = 1435.3 Å3, Z=2, Rgt(F) = 0.055, wRref(F2) = 0.152, T = 293 K.