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ZusammenfassungEs wird ein kurzer Rückblick auf die Entwicklung der systematischen Osteosynthese beim Kleinund Großtier gegeben im Hinblick auf die Gründung der AOVET (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen der Veterinärchirurgie) 1969. Die Einführung der stabilen Osteosynthese nach den in der Humanchirurgie entwickelten Methoden und Behandlungsprinzipien der AO (hum) (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen [der Humanchirurgie]) ermöglichte eine Erweiterung der Osteosynthese beim Tier. Beim Großtier war die Technik der “absoluten” Stabilität der Kompressions-Osteosynthese entscheidend für den Erfolg. Mit der Entwicklung einer Vielzahl von Stabilisierungstechniken für die unterschiedlichen Frakturtypen in den verschiedenen anatomischen Bereichen bildete sich in der Kleintierchirurgie eine systematische Behandlungsmethodik aus, basierend auf einem spezifisch entwickelten und angepassten Instrumentarium und der Vermittlung der AO-Prinzipien durch Instruktionskurse und Manuale. Die gemeinsame Arbeit in Forschung und Entwicklung der AO führte zu einem wachsenden Verständnis für die Prozesse der Knochenheilung in der Praxis. Es fand eine zunehmende Integration der AOVET in die Organisation der AO (hum) statt.

Clonal isolates of Closterium ehrenbergii Meneghini ex Ralfs from a cold stream in Denmark were studied morphologically and cytogenetically and confirmed as belonging to mating group P. Variation in cell size appeared to be considerable for a single natural population, compared to the full range of morphological variation in a single mating group (biological species) known for Groups A, B, Hand P. Based on sexual compatibility, F1 viability and mating-type inheritance tests in almost all possible combinations between four strains, it was found that 2 of the 4 mating-type plus strains contained a zygotic defective factor. This suggests that Group P is a recently developed high-polyploid species. Alternatively, however, it is more likely that asynaptic mutations can be maintained rather easily in natural populations of Group P which are rarely subjected to conditions unfavourable for vegetative growth, as compared to other mating groups inhabiting temporary shallow ponds and paddy fields. The great...

With respect to the founding of the AOVET in 1969, the development of the systematic osteosynthesis in large and small animals is reviewed. With the introduction of the stable OS techniques corresponding to the principles and operative techniques developed by the organization of ASIF/AO (hum), the systematic operative fracture treatment in animals expanded remarkably. The application of the "absolutely" stable compression osteosynthesis was the basis for the successful fracture treatment in large animals. The systematic osteosynthesis in small animals was realized through the generation of a multitude of stabilization techniques for the different fracture types in the various anatomical areas and for special orthopaedic interventions. This was achieved through a specifically developed implant- instrument system and corresponding operation methods. This development was supported by instruction courses, published manuals and visiting fellowships. The extensive collaboration in research and development led to an increasing understanding of the diverse bone healing processes. The AOVET enjoyed a progressing integration into the AO/ASIF (hum) organization.

Fractures of the scapula can be classified into four groups on the basis of the anatomic structures involved: 1. Fractures of the glenoid (articular surface) 2. Fractures of the neck 3. Fractures of the acromion 4. Fractures of the body and spine

A patient with simultaneous closed dislocation of the metacarpophalangeal joints of the index, long, and ring fingers and an ipsilateral fracture of the radius with an associated fracture-dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint is presented. This is the first such case to be described. The mechanism of injury was a fall on an outstretched hand. The dislocations of the metacarpophalangeal joints were successfully reduced by open relocation through dorsal approaches. The fractured radius was treated with open reduction and plate fixation. The patient was placed in a dorsal extension block splint after surgery, and active motion was encouraged. Eleven months later, the patient could make a full fist and extend all fingers. Grip strength was 110 pounds in the right hand, and 100 pounds in the injured left hand.