Search

Your search keyword '"F. M. Laggner"' showing total 13 results
Start Over Author "F. M. Laggner"
13 results on '"F. M. Laggner"'

1. Robust identification of multiple-input single-output system response for efficient pickup noise removal from tokamak diagnostics

Author

T. Odstrcil, F. M. Laggner, A. M. Rosenthal, A. Bortolon, J. W. Hughes, J. C. Spendlove, and T. M. Wilks

Subjects
Instrumentation
Abstract

Electromagnetic pickup noise in the tokamak environment imposes an imminent challenge for measuring weak diagnostic photocurrents in the nA range. The diagnostic signal can be contaminated by an unknown mixture of crosstalk signals from coils powered by currents in the kA range. To address this issue, an algorithm for robust identification of linear multi-input single-output (MISO) systems has been developed. The MISO model describes the dynamic relationship between measured signals from power sources and observed signals in the diagnostic and allows for a precise subtraction of the noise component. The proposed method was tested on experimental diagnostic data from the DIII-D tokamak, and it has reduced noise by up to 20 dB in the 1–20 kHz range.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Local measurements of the pedestal magnetic field profile throughout the ELM cycle on DIII-D

Author

M. G. Burke, R. J. Fonck, G. R. McKee, K. H. Burrell, S. R. Haskey, M. Knolker, F. M. Laggner, T. H. Osborne, B. S. Victor, and Z. Yan

Subjects
Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract

New high speed localized measurements of the pedestal magnetic field during the edge localized mode (ELM) cycle of a DIII-D High confinement mode (H-mode) discharge indicate a temporally and spatial complex redistribution of the edge current density profile, jedge. The measurement technique extracts the magnetic field magnitude, B, via the spectral separation of Stark-split neutral beam radiation in the pedestal. Single spatial channel measurements from a novel spatial heterodyne spectrometer are validated in discharges with core current profile changes. The technique measures Stark-splitting changes that imply B changes as small as 1 mT with high time resolution (50 μs). At normalized poloidal flux [Formula: see text], B appears saturated in the inter-ELM period and then rapidly decreases in edge, B increases at the ELM crash. The behavior is consistent with a rapid collapse of jedge at the ELM crash and subsequent pedestal recovery. In some discharges, at [Formula: see text], changes in B are observed throughout the ELM cycle. In others, B recovers and is relatively stable until a few ms leading up to the next crash. Measurements of B during the H-mode transition show a large increase at [Formula: see text] with little change at [Formula: see text], consistent with the formation of the edge bootstrap current density peak. The [Formula: see text] spectrum is complicated by predicted changes to the Stark component intensities with density at the L–H transition.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. DIII-D research towards establishing the scientific basis for future fusion reactors

Author

L. Abadie, T. W. Abrams, J. Ahn, T. Akiyama, P. Aleynikov, J. Allcock, E. O. Allen, S. Allen, J. P. Anderson, A. Ashourvan, M. E. Austin, J. Bak, K. K. Barada, N. Barbour, L. Bardoczi, J. Barr, J. L. Barton, E. M. Bass, D. Battaglia, L. R. Baylor, J. Beckers, E. A. Belli, J. W. Berkery, N. Bertelli, J. M. Bialek, J. A. Boedo, R. L. Boivin, P. T. Bonoli, A. Bortolon, M. D. Boyer, R. E. Brambila, B. Bray, D. P. Brennan, A. R. Briesemeister, S. A. Bringuier, M. W. Brookman, D. L. Brower, B. R. Brown, W. D. Brown, D. Buchenauer, M. G. Burke, K. H. Burrell, J. Butt, R. J. Buttery, I. Bykov, J. M. Candy, J. M. Canik, N. M. Cao, L. Carbajal Gomez, L. C. Carlson, T. N. Carlstrom, T. A. Carter, W. Cary, L. Casali, M. Cengher, V. S. Chan, B. Chen, J. Chen, M. Chen, R. Chen, Xi Chen, W. Choi, C. Chrobak, C. Chrystal, R. M. Churchill, M. Cianciosa, C. F. Clauser, M. Clement, J. Coburn, C. S. Collins, A. W. Cooper, B. M. Covele, J. W. Crippen, N. A. Crocker, B. J. Crowley, A. Dal Molin, E. M. Davis, J. S. deGrassie, C. A. del-Castillo-Negrete, L. F. Delgado-Aparicio, A. Diallo, S. J. Diem, R. Ding, S. Ding, W. Ding, J. L. Doane, D. C. Donovan, J. Drake, D. Du, H. Du, X. Du, V. Duarte, J. D. Duran, N. W. Eidietis, D. Elder, D. Eldon, W. Elwasif, T. E. Ely, K. M. Eng, K. Engelhorn, D. Ennis, K. Erickson, D. R. Ernst, T. E. Evans, M. E. Fenstermacher, N. M. Ferraro, J. R. Ferron, D. F. Finkenthal, P. A. Fisher, B. Fishler, S. M. Flanagan, J. A. Fooks, L. Frassinetti, H. G. Frerichs, Y. Fu, T. Fulop, Q. Gao, F. Garcia, A. M. Garofalo, A. Gattuso, L. Giacomelli, E. M. Giraldez, C. Giroud, F. Glass, P. Gohil, X. Gong, Y. A. Gorelov, R. S. Granetz, D. L. Green, C. M. Greenfield, B. A. Grierson, R. J. Groebner, W. H. Grosnickle, M. Groth, H. J. Grunloh, H. Y. Guo, W. Guo, J. Guterl, R. C. Hager, S. Hahn, F. D. Halpern, H. Han, M. J. Hansink, J. M. Hanson, J. Harris, S. R. Haskey, D. R. Hatch, W. W. Heidbrink, J. Herfindal, D. N. Hill, M. D. Hill, E. T. Hinson, C. T. Holcomb, C. G. Holland, L. D. Holland, E. M. Hollmann, A. M. Holm, R. Hong, M. Hoppe, S. Houshmandyar, J. Howard, N. T. Howard, Q. Hu, W. Hu, H. Huang, J. Huang, Y. Huang, G. A. Hughes, J. Hughes, D. A. Humphreys, A. W. Hyatt, K. Ida, V. Igochine, Y. In, S. Inoue, A. Isayama, R. C. Isler, V. A. Izzo, M. R. Jackson, A. E. Jarvinen, Y. Jeon, H. Ji, X. Jian, R. Jimenez, C. A. Johnson, I. Joseph, D. N. Kaczala, D. H. Kaplan, J. Kates-Harbeck, A. G. Kellman, D. H. Kellman, C. E. Kessel, K. Khumthong, C. C. Kim, H. Kim, J. Kim, K. Kim, S. H. Kim, W. Kimura, J. R. King, A. Kirk, K. Kleijwegt, M. Knolker, A. Kohn, E. Kolemen, M. Kostuk, G. J. Kramer, P. Kress, D. M. Kriete, R. J. La Haye, F. M. Laggner, H. Lan, M. J. Lanctot, R. Lantsov, L. L. Lao, C. J. Lasnier, C. Lau, K. Law, D. Lawrence, J. Le, R. L. Lee, M. Lehnen, R. Leon, A. W. Leonard, M. Lesher, J. A. Leuer, G. Li, K. Li, K. T. Liao, Z. Lin, C. Liu, F. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Liu, S. Loch, N. C. Logan, J. M. Lohr, J. Lore, T. C. Luce, N. C. Luhmann, R. Lunsford, C. Luo, Z. Luo, L. Lupin-Jimenez, A. Lvovskiy, B. C. Lyons, X. Ma, R. Maingi, M. A. Makowski, P. Mantica, M. Manuel, M. W. Margo, A. Marinoni, E. Marmar, W. C. Martin, R. L. Masline, G. K. Matsunaga, D. M. Mauzey, P. S. Mauzey, J. T. Mcclenaghan, G. R. Mckee, A. G. Mclean, H. S. Mclean, E. Meier, S. J. Meitner, J. E. Menard, O. Meneghini, G. Merlo, W. H. Meyer, D. C. Miller, W. J. Miller, C. P. Moeller, K. J. Montes, M. A. Morales, S. Mordijck, A. Moser, R. A. Moyer, S. A. Muller, S. Munaretto, M. Murakami, C. J. Murphy, C. M. Muscatello, C. E. Myers, A. Nagy, G. A. Navratil, R. M. Nazikian, A. L. Neff, T. F. Neiser, A. Nelson, P. Nguyen, R. Nguyen, J. H. Nichols, M. Nocente, R. E. Nygren, R. C. O'Neill, T. Odstrcil, S. Ohdachi, M. Okabayashi, E. Olofsson, M. Ono, D. M. Orlov, T. H. Osborne, N. A. Pablant, D. C. Pace, R. R. Paguio, A. Pajares Martinez, C. Pan, A. Pankin, J. M. Park, J. Park, Y. Park, C. T. Parker, S. E. Parker, P. B. Parks, C. J. Pawley, C. A. Paz-Soldan, W. A. Peebles, B. G. Penaflor, T. W. Petrie, C. C. Petty, Y. Peysson, A. Y. Pigarov, D. A. Piglowski, R. I. Pinsker, P. Piovesan, N. Piper, R. A. Pitts, J. D. Pizzo, M. L. Podesta, F. M. Poli, D. Ponce, M. Porkolab, G. D. Porter, R. Prater, J. Qian, O. Ra, T. Rafiq, R. Raman, C. Rand, G. C. Randall, J. M. Rauch, C. Rea, M. L. Reinke, J. Ren, Q. Ren, Y. Ren, T. L. Rhodes, J. Rice, T. D. Rognlien, J. C. Rost, W. L. Rowan, D. L. Rudakov, A. Salmi, B. S. Sammuli, C. M. Samuell, A. M. Sandorfi, C. Sang, O. J. Sauter, D. P. Schissel, L. Schmitz, O. Schmitz, E. J. Schuster, J. T. Scoville, A. Seltzman, I. Sfiligoi, M. Shafer, H. Shen, T. Shi, D. Shiraki, H. Si, D. R. Smith, S. P. Smith, J. A. Snipes, P. B. Snyder, E. R. Solano, W. M. Solomon, A. C. Sontag, V. A. Soukhanovskii, D. A. Spong, W. M. Stacey, G. M. Staebler, L. Stagner, B. Stahl, P. C. Stangeby, T. J. Stoltzfus-Dueck, D. P. Stotler, E. J. Strait, D. Su, L. E. Sugiyama, A. A. Sulyman, Y. Sun, C. Sung, W. A. Suttrop, Y. Suzuki, A. Svyatkovskiy, R. M. Sweeney, S. Taimourzadeh, M. Takechi, T. Tala, H. Tan, S. Tang, X. Tang, D. Taussig, G. Taylor, N. Z. Taylor, T. S. Taylor, A. Teklu, D. M. Thomas, M. B. Thomas, K. E. Thome, A. R. Thorman, R. A. Tinguely, B. J. Tobias, J. F. Tooker, H. Torreblanca, A. Torrezan De Sousa, G. L. Trevisan, D. Truong, F. Turco, A. D. Turnbull, E. A. Unterberg, P. Vaezi, P. J. Vail, M. A. Van Zeeland, M. Velasco Enriquez, M. C. Venkatesh, B. S. Victor, F. Volpe, M. R. Wade, M. L. Walker, J. R. Wall, G. M. Wallace, R. E. Waltz, G. Wang, H. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, F. Wang, S. H. Ward, J. G. Watkins, M. Watkins, W. P. Wehner, M. Weiland, D. B. Weisberg, A. S. Welander, A. E. White, R. B. White, D. Whyte, T. A. Wijkamp, R. Wilcox, T. Wilks, H. R. Wilson, A. Wingen, E. Wolfe, M. Wu, W. Wu, S. J. Wukitch, T. Xia, N. Xiang, B. Xiao, R. Xie, G. Xu, H. Xu, X. Xu, Z. Yan, Q. Yang, X. Yang, M. Yoshida, G. Yu, J. H. Yu, M. Yu, S. A. Zamperini, L. Zeng, B. Zhao, D. Zhao, H. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Y. Zhu, B. Zywicki, Abadie, L, Abrams, T, Ahn, J, Akiyama, T, Aleynikov, P, Allcock, J, Allen, E, Allen, S, Anderson, J, Ashourvan, A, Austin, M, Bak, J, Barada, K, Barbour, N, Bardoczi, L, Barr, J, Barton, J, Bass, E, Battaglia, D, Baylor, L, Beckers, J, Belli, E, Berkery, J, Bertelli, N, Bialek, J, Boedo, J, Boivin, R, Bonoli, P, Bortolon, A, Boyer, M, Brambila, R, Bray, B, Brennan, D, Briesemeister, A, Bringuier, S, Brookman, M, Brower, D, Brown, B, Brown, W, Buchenauer, D, Burke, M, Burrell, K, Butt, J, Buttery, R, Bykov, I, Candy, J, Canik, J, Cao, N, Carbajal Gomez, L, Carlson, L, Carlstrom, T, Carter, T, Cary, W, Casali, L, Cengher, M, Chan, V, Chen, B, Chen, J, Chen, M, Chen, R, Chen, X, Choi, W, Chrobak, C, Chrystal, C, Churchill, R, Cianciosa, M, Clauser, C, Clement, M, Coburn, J, Collins, C, Cooper, A, Covele, B, Crippen, J, Crocker, N, Crowley, B, Dal Molin, A, Davis, E, Degrassie, J, del-Castillo-Negrete, C, Delgado-Aparicio, L, Diallo, A, Diem, S, Ding, R, Ding, S, Ding, W, Doane, J, Donovan, D, Drake, J, Du, D, Du, H, Du, X, Duarte, V, Duran, J, Eidietis, N, Elder, D, Eldon, D, Elwasif, W, Ely, T, Eng, K, Engelhorn, K, Ennis, D, Erickson, K, Ernst, D, Evans, T, Fenstermacher, M, Ferraro, N, Ferron, J, Finkenthal, D, Fisher, P, Fishler, B, Flanagan, S, Fooks, J, Frassinetti, L, Frerichs, H, Fu, Y, Fulop, T, Gao, Q, Garcia, F, Garofalo, A, Gattuso, A, Giacomelli, L, Giraldez, E, Giroud, C, Glass, F, Gohil, P, Gong, X, Gorelov, Y, Granetz, R, Green, D, Greenfield, C, Grierson, B, Groebner, R, Grosnickle, W, Groth, M, Grunloh, H, Guo, H, Guo, W, Guterl, J, Hager, R, Hahn, S, Halpern, F, Han, H, Hansink, M, Hanson, J, Harris, J, Haskey, S, Hatch, D, Heidbrink, W, Herfindal, J, Hill, D, Hill, M, Hinson, E, Holcomb, C, Holland, C, Holland, L, Hollmann, E, Holm, A, Hong, R, Hoppe, M, Houshmandyar, S, Howard, J, Howard, N, Hu, Q, Hu, W, Huang, H, Huang, J, Huang, Y, Hughes, G, Hughes, J, Humphreys, D, Hyatt, A, Ida, K, Igochine, V, In, Y, Inoue, S, Isayama, A, Isler, R, Izzo, V, Jackson, M, Jarvinen, A, Jeon, Y, Ji, H, Jian, X, Jimenez, R, Johnson, C, Joseph, I, Kaczala, D, Kaplan, D, Kates-Harbeck, J, Kellman, A, Kellman, D, Kessel, C, Khumthong, K, Kim, C, Kim, H, Kim, J, Kim, K, Kim, S, Kimura, W, King, J, Kirk, A, Kleijwegt, K, Knolker, M, Kohn, A, Kolemen, E, Kostuk, M, Kramer, G, Kress, P, Kriete, D, La Haye, R, Laggner, F, Lan, H, Lanctot, M, Lantsov, R, Lao, L, Lasnier, C, Lau, C, Law, K, Lawrence, D, Le, J, Lee, R, Lehnen, M, Leon, R, Leonard, A, Lesher, M, Leuer, J, Li, G, Li, K, Liao, K, Lin, Z, Liu, C, Liu, F, Liu, Y, Liu, Z, Loch, S, Logan, N, Lohr, J, Lore, J, Luce, T, Luhmann, N, Lunsford, R, Luo, C, Luo, Z, Lupin-Jimenez, L, Lvovskiy, A, Lyons, B, Ma, X, Maingi, R, Makowski, M, Mantica, P, Manuel, M, Margo, M, Marinoni, A, Marmar, E, Martin, W, Masline, R, Matsunaga, G, Mauzey, D, Mauzey, P, Mcclenaghan, J, Mckee, G, Mclean, A, Mclean, H, Meier, E, Meitner, S, Menard, J, Meneghini, O, Merlo, G, Meyer, W, Miller, D, Miller, W, Moeller, C, Montes, K, Morales, M, Mordijck, S, Moser, A, Moyer, R, Muller, S, Munaretto, S, Murakami, M, Murphy, C, Muscatello, C, Myers, C, Nagy, A, Navratil, G, Nazikian, R, Neff, A, Neiser, T, Nelson, A, Nguyen, P, Nguyen, R, Nichols, J, Nocente, M, Nygren, R, O'Neill, R, Odstrcil, T, Ohdachi, S, Okabayashi, M, Olofsson, E, Ono, M, Orlov, D, Osborne, T, Pablant, N, Pace, D, Paguio, R, Pajares Martinez, A, Pan, C, Pankin, A, Park, J, Park, Y, Parker, C, Parker, S, Parks, P, Pawley, C, Paz-Soldan, C, Peebles, W, Penaflor, B, Petrie, T, Petty, C, Peysson, Y, Pigarov, A, Piglowski, D, Pinsker, R, Piovesan, P, Piper, N, Pitts, R, Pizzo, J, Podesta, M, Poli, F, Ponce, D, Porkolab, M, Porter, G, Prater, R, Qian, J, Ra, O, Rafiq, T, Raman, R, Rand, C, Randall, G, Rauch, J, Rea, C, Reinke, M, Ren, J, Ren, Q, Ren, Y, Rhodes, T, Rice, J, Rognlien, T, Rost, J, Rowan, W, Rudakov, D, Salmi, A, Sammuli, B, Samuell, C, Sandorfi, A, Sang, C, Sauter, O, Schissel, D, Schmitz, L, Schmitz, O, Schuster, E, Scoville, J, Seltzman, A, Sfiligoi, I, Shafer, M, Shen, H, Shi, T, Shiraki, D, Si, H, Smith, D, Smith, S, Snipes, J, Snyder, P, Solano, E, Solomon, W, Sontag, A, Soukhanovskii, V, Spong, D, Stacey, W, Staebler, G, Stagner, L, Stahl, B, Stangeby, P, Stoltzfus-Dueck, T, Stotler, D, Strait, E, Su, D, Sugiyama, L, Sulyman, A, Sun, Y, Sung, C, Suttrop, W, Suzuki, Y, Svyatkovskiy, A, Sweeney, R, Taimourzadeh, S, Takechi, M, Tala, T, Tan, H, Tang, S, Tang, X, Taussig, D, Taylor, G, Taylor, N, Taylor, T, Teklu, A, Thomas, D, Thomas, M, Thome, K, Thorman, A, Tinguely, R, Tobias, B, Tooker, J, Torreblanca, H, Torrezan De Sousa, A, Trevisan, G, Truong, D, Turco, F, Turnbull, A, Unterberg, E, Vaezi, P, Vail, P, Van Zeeland, M, Velasco Enriquez, M, Venkatesh, M, Victor, B, Volpe, F, Wade, M, Walker, M, Wall, J, Wallace, G, Waltz, R, Wang, G, Wang, H, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wang, F, Ward, S, Watkins, J, Watkins, M, Wehner, W, Weiland, M, Weisberg, D, Welander, A, White, A, White, R, Whyte, D, Wijkamp, T, Wilcox, R, Wilks, T, Wilson, H, Wingen, A, Wolfe, E, Wu, M, Wu, W, Wukitch, S, Xia, T, Xiang, N, Xiao, B, Xie, R, Xu, G, Xu, H, Xu, X, Yan, Z, Yang, Q, Yang, X, Yoshida, M, Yu, G, Yu, J, Yu, M, Zamperini, S, Zeng, L, Zhao, B, Zhao, D, Zhao, H, Zhao, Y, Zhu, Y, and Zywicki, B

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, fusion, model, Tokamak, DIII-D, Divertor, Mechanics, Plasma, Fusion power, Dissipation, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Pedestal, Heat flux, law, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, tokamak, plasma, energy
Abstract

DIII-D research is addressing critical challenges in preparation for ITER and the next generation of fusion devices through focusing on plasma physics fundamentals that underpin key fusion goals, understanding the interaction of disparate core and boundary plasma physics, and developing integrated scenarios for achieving high performance fusion regimes. Fundamental investigations into fusion energy science find that anomalous dissipation of runaway electrons (RE) that arise following a disruption is likely due to interactions with RE-driven kinetic instabilities, some of which have been directly observed, opening a new avenue for RE energy dissipation using naturally excited waves. Dimensionless parameter scaling of intrinsic rotation and gyrokinetic simulations give a predicted ITER rotation profile with significant turbulence stabilization. Coherence imaging spectroscopy confirms near sonic flow throughout the divertor towards the target, which may account for the convection-dominated parallel heat flux. Core-boundary integration studies show that the small angle slot divertor achieves detachment at lower density and extends plasma cooling across the divertor target plate, which is essential for controlling heat flux and erosion. The Super H-mode regime has been extended to high plasma current (2.0 MA) and density to achieve very high pedestal pressures (~30 kPa) and stored energy (3.2 MJ) with H 98y2 ≈ 1.6–2.4. In scenario work, the ITER baseline Q = 10 scenario with zero injected torque is found to have a fusion gain metric independent of current between q 95 = 2.8–3.7, and a lower limit of pedestal rotation for RMP ELM suppression has been found. In the wide pedestal QH-mode regime that exhibits improved performance and no ELMs, the start-up counter torque has been eliminated so that the entire discharge uses ≈0 injected torque and the operating space is more ITER-relevant. Finally, the high- (⩽3.8) hybrid scenario has been extended to the high-density levels necessary for radiating divertor operation, achieving ~40% divertor heat flux reduction using either argon or neon with P tot up to 15 MW.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. DIII-D research towards establishing the scientific basis for future fusion reactors

Author

Abadie, L, Abrams, T, Ahn, J, Akiyama, T, Aleynikov, P, Allcock, J, Allen, E, Allen, S, Anderson, J, Ashourvan, A, Austin, M, Bak, J, Barada, K, Barbour, N, Bardoczi, L, Barr, J, Barton, J, Bass, E, Battaglia, D, Baylor, L, Beckers, J, Belli, E, Berkery, J, Bertelli, N, Bialek, J, Boedo, J, Boivin, R, Bonoli, P, Bortolon, A, Boyer, M, Brambila, R, Bray, B, Brennan, D, Briesemeister, A, Bringuier, S, Brookman, M, Brower, D, Brown, B, Brown, W, Buchenauer, D, Burke, M, Burrell, K, Butt, J, Buttery, R, Bykov, I, Candy, J, Canik, J, Cao, N, Carbajal Gomez, L, Carlson, L, Carlstrom, T, Carter, T, Cary, W, Casali, L, Cengher, M, Chan, V, Chen, B, Chen, J, Chen, M, Chen, R, Chen, X, Choi, W, Chrobak, C, Chrystal, C, Churchill, R, Cianciosa, M, Clauser, C, Clement, M, Coburn, J, Collins, C, Cooper, A, Covele, B, Crippen, J, Crocker, N, Crowley, B, Dal Molin, A, Davis, E, Degrassie, J, del-Castillo-Negrete, C, Delgado-Aparicio, L, Diallo, A, Diem, S, Ding, R, Ding, S, Ding, W, Doane, J, Donovan, D, Drake, J, Du, D, Du, H, Du, X, Duarte, V, Duran, J, Eidietis, N, Elder, D, Eldon, D, Elwasif, W, Ely, T, Eng, K, Engelhorn, K, Ennis, D, Erickson, K, Ernst, D, Evans, T, Fenstermacher, M, Ferraro, N, Ferron, J, Finkenthal, D, Fisher, P, Fishler, B, Flanagan, S, Fooks, J, Frassinetti, L, Frerichs, H, Fu, Y, Fulop, T, Gao, Q, Garcia, F, Garofalo, A, Gattuso, A, Giacomelli, L, Giraldez, E, Giroud, C, Glass, F, Gohil, P, Gong, X, Gorelov, Y, Granetz, R, Green, D, Greenfield, C, Grierson, B, Groebner, R, Grosnickle, W, Groth, M, Grunloh, H, Guo, H, Guo, W, Guterl, J, Hager, R, Hahn, S, Halpern, F, Han, H, Hansink, M, Hanson, J, Harris, J, Haskey, S, Hatch, D, Heidbrink, W, Herfindal, J, Hill, D, Hill, M, Hinson, E, Holcomb, C, Holland, C, Holland, L, Hollmann, E, Holm, A, Hong, R, Hoppe, M, Houshmandyar, S, Howard, J, Howard, N, Hu, Q, Hu, W, Huang, H, Huang, J, Huang, Y, Hughes, G, Hughes, J, Humphreys, D, Hyatt, A, Ida, K, Igochine, V, In, Y, Inoue, S, Isayama, A, Isler, R, Izzo, V, Jackson, M, Jarvinen, A, Jeon, Y, Ji, H, Jian, X, Jimenez, R, Johnson, C, Joseph, I, Kaczala, D, Kaplan, D, Kates-Harbeck, J, Kellman, A, Kellman, D, Kessel, C, Khumthong, K, Kim, C, Kim, H, Kim, J, Kim, K, Kim, S, Kimura, W, King, J, Kirk, A, Kleijwegt, K, Knolker, M, Kohn, A, Kolemen, E, Kostuk, M, Kramer, G, Kress, P, Kriete, D, La Haye, R, Laggner, F, Lan, H, Lanctot, M, Lantsov, R, Lao, L, Lasnier, C, Lau, C, Law, K, Lawrence, D, Le, J, Lee, R, Lehnen, M, Leon, R, Leonard, A, Lesher, M, Leuer, J, Li, G, Li, K, Liao, K, Lin, Z, Liu, C, Liu, F, Liu, Y, Liu, Z, Loch, S, Logan, N, Lohr, J, Lore, J, Luce, T, Luhmann, N, Lunsford, R, Luo, C, Luo, Z, Lupin-Jimenez, L, Lvovskiy, A, Lyons, B, Ma, X, Maingi, R, Makowski, M, Mantica, P, Manuel, M, Margo, M, Marinoni, A, Marmar, E, Martin, W, Masline, R, Matsunaga, G, Mauzey, D, Mauzey, P, Mcclenaghan, J, Mckee, G, Mclean, A, Mclean, H, Meier, E, Meitner, S, Menard, J, Meneghini, O, Merlo, G, Meyer, W, Miller, D, Miller, W, Moeller, C, Montes, K, Morales, M, Mordijck, S, Moser, A, Moyer, R, Muller, S, Munaretto, S, Murakami, M, Murphy, C, Muscatello, C, Myers, C, Nagy, A, Navratil, G, Nazikian, R, Neff, A, Neiser, T, Nelson, A, Nguyen, P, Nguyen, R, Nichols, J, Nocente, M, Nygren, R, O'Neill, R, Odstrcil, T, Ohdachi, S, Okabayashi, M, Olofsson, E, Ono, M, Orlov, D, Osborne, T, Pablant, N, Pace, D, Paguio, R, Pajares Martinez, A, Pan, C, Pankin, A, Park, J, Park, Y, Parker, C, Parker, S, Parks, P, Pawley, C, Paz-Soldan, C, Peebles, W, Penaflor, B, Petrie, T, Petty, C, Peysson, Y, Pigarov, A, Piglowski, D, Pinsker, R, Piovesan, P, Piper, N, Pitts, R, Pizzo, J, Podesta, M, Poli, F, Ponce, D, Porkolab, M, Porter, G, Prater, R, Qian, J, Ra, O, Rafiq, T, Raman, R, Rand, C, Randall, G, Rauch, J, Rea, C, Reinke, M, Ren, J, Ren, Q, Ren, Y, Rhodes, T, Rice, J, Rognlien, T, Rost, J, Rowan, W, Rudakov, D, Salmi, A, Sammuli, B, Samuell, C, Sandorfi, A, Sang, C, Sauter, O, Schissel, D, Schmitz, L, Schmitz, O, Schuster, E, Scoville, J, Seltzman, A, Sfiligoi, I, Shafer, M, Shen, H, Shi, T, Shiraki, D, Si, H, Smith, D, Smith, S, Snipes, J, Snyder, P, Solano, E, Solomon, W, Sontag, A, Soukhanovskii, V, Spong, D, Stacey, W, Staebler, G, Stagner, L, Stahl, B, Stangeby, P, Stoltzfus-Dueck, T, Stotler, D, Strait, E, Su, D, Sugiyama, L, Sulyman, A, Sun, Y, Sung, C, Suttrop, W, Suzuki, Y, Svyatkovskiy, A, Sweeney, R, Taimourzadeh, S, Takechi, M, Tala, T, Tan, H, Tang, S, Tang, X, Taussig, D, Taylor, G, Taylor, N, Taylor, T, Teklu, A, Thomas, D, Thomas, M, Thome, K, Thorman, A, Tinguely, R, Tobias, B, Tooker, J, Torreblanca, H, Torrezan De Sousa, A, Trevisan, G, Truong, D, Turco, F, Turnbull, A, Unterberg, E, Vaezi, P, Vail, P, Van Zeeland, M, Velasco Enriquez, M, Venkatesh, M, Victor, B, Volpe, F, Wade, M, Walker, M, Wall, J, Wallace, G, Waltz, R, Wang, G, Wang, H, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wang, F, Ward, S, Watkins, J, Watkins, M, Wehner, W, Weiland, M, Weisberg, D, Welander, A, White, A, White, R, Whyte, D, Wijkamp, T, Wilcox, R, Wilks, T, Wilson, H, Wingen, A, Wolfe, E, Wu, M, Wu, W, Wukitch, S, Xia, T, Xiang, N, Xiao, B, Xie, R, Xu, G, Xu, H, Xu, X, Yan, Z, Yang, Q, Yang, X, Yoshida, M, Yu, G, Yu, J, Yu, M, Zamperini, S, Zeng, L, Zhao, B, Zhao, D, Zhao, H, Zhao, Y, Zhu, Y, Zywicki, B, L. Abadie, T. W. Abrams, J. Ahn, T. Akiyama, P. Aleynikov, J. Allcock, E. O. Allen, S. Allen, J. P. Anderson, A. Ashourvan, M. E. Austin, J. Bak, K. K. Barada, N. Barbour, L. Bardoczi, J. Barr, J. L. Barton, E. M. Bass, D. Battaglia, L. R. Baylor, J. Beckers, E. A. Belli, J. W. Berkery, N. Bertelli, J. M. Bialek, J. A. Boedo, R. L. Boivin, P. T. Bonoli, A. Bortolon, M. D. Boyer, R. E. Brambila, B. Bray, D. P. Brennan, A. R. Briesemeister, S. A. Bringuier, M. W. Brookman, D. L. Brower, B. R. Brown, W. D. Brown, D. Buchenauer, M. G. Burke, K. H. Burrell, J. Butt, R. J. Buttery, I. Bykov, J. M. Candy, J. M. Canik, N. M. Cao, L. Carbajal Gomez, L. C. Carlson, T. N. Carlstrom, T. A. Carter, W. Cary, L. Casali, M. Cengher, V. S. Chan, B. Chen, J. Chen, M. Chen, R. Chen, Xi Chen, W. Choi, C. Chrobak, C. Chrystal, R. M. Churchill, M. Cianciosa, C. F. Clauser, M. Clement, J. Coburn, C. S. Collins, A. W. Cooper, B. M. Covele, J. W. Crippen, N. A. Crocker, B. J. Crowley, A. Dal Molin, E. M. Davis, J. S. deGrassie, C. A. del-Castillo-Negrete, L. F. Delgado-Aparicio, A. Diallo, S. J. Diem, R. Ding, S. Ding, W. Ding, J. L. Doane, D. C. Donovan, J. Drake, D. Du, H. Du, X. Du, V. Duarte, J. D. Duran, N. W. Eidietis, D. Elder, D. Eldon, W. Elwasif, T. E. Ely, K. M. Eng, K. Engelhorn, D. Ennis, K. Erickson, D. R. Ernst, T. E. Evans, M. E. Fenstermacher, N. M. Ferraro, J. R. Ferron, D. F. Finkenthal, P. A. Fisher, B. Fishler, S. M. Flanagan, J. A. Fooks, L. Frassinetti, H. G. Frerichs, Y. Fu, T. Fulop, Q. Gao, F. Garcia, A. M. Garofalo, A. Gattuso, L. Giacomelli, E. M. Giraldez, C. Giroud, F. Glass, P. Gohil, X. Gong, Y. A. Gorelov, R. S. Granetz, D. L. Green, C. M. Greenfield, B. A. Grierson, R. J. Groebner, W. H. Grosnickle, M. Groth, H. J. Grunloh, H. Y. Guo, W. Guo, J. Guterl, R. C. Hager, S. Hahn, F. D. Halpern, H. Han, M. J. Hansink, J. M. Hanson, J. Harris, S. R. Haskey, D. R. Hatch, W. W. Heidbrink, J. Herfindal, D. N. Hill, M. D. Hill, E. T. Hinson, C. T. Holcomb, C. G. Holland, L. D. Holland, E. M. Hollmann, A. M. Holm, R. Hong, M. Hoppe, S. Houshmandyar, J. Howard, N. T. Howard, Q. Hu, W. Hu, H. Huang, J. Huang, Y. Huang, G. A. Hughes, J. Hughes, D. A. Humphreys, A. W. Hyatt, K. Ida, V. Igochine, Y. In, S. Inoue, A. Isayama, R. C. Isler, V. A. Izzo, M. R. Jackson, A. E. Jarvinen, Y. Jeon, H. Ji, X. Jian, R. Jimenez, C. A. Johnson, I. Joseph, D. N. Kaczala, D. H. Kaplan, J. Kates-Harbeck, A. G. Kellman, D. H. Kellman, C. E. Kessel, K. Khumthong, C. C. Kim, H. Kim, J. Kim, K. Kim, S. H. Kim, W. Kimura, J. R. King, A. Kirk, K. Kleijwegt, M. Knolker, A. Kohn, E. Kolemen, M. Kostuk, G. J. Kramer, P. Kress, D. M. Kriete, R. J. La Haye, F. M. Laggner, H. Lan, M. J. Lanctot, R. Lantsov, L. L. Lao, C. J. Lasnier, C. Lau, K. Law, D. Lawrence, J. Le, R. L. Lee, M. Lehnen, R. Leon, A. W. Leonard, M. Lesher, J. A. Leuer, G. Li, K. Li, K. T. Liao, Z. Lin, C. Liu, F. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Liu, S. Loch, N. C. Logan, J. M. Lohr, J. Lore, T. C. Luce, N. C. Luhmann, R. Lunsford, C. Luo, Z. Luo, L. Lupin-Jimenez, A. Lvovskiy, B. C. Lyons, X. Ma, R. Maingi, M. A. Makowski, P. Mantica, M. Manuel, M. W. Margo, A. Marinoni, E. Marmar, W. C. Martin, R. L. Masline, G. K. Matsunaga, D. M. Mauzey, P. S. Mauzey, J. T. Mcclenaghan, G. R. Mckee, A. G. Mclean, H. S. Mclean, E. Meier, S. J. Meitner, J. E. Menard, O. Meneghini, G. Merlo, W. H. Meyer, D. C. Miller, W. J. Miller, C. P. Moeller, K. J. Montes, M. A. Morales, S. Mordijck, A. Moser, R. A. Moyer, S. A. Muller, S. Munaretto, M. Murakami, C. J. Murphy, C. M. Muscatello, C. E. Myers, A. Nagy, G. A. Navratil, R. M. Nazikian, A. L. Neff, T. F. Neiser, A. Nelson, P. Nguyen, R. Nguyen, J. H. Nichols, M. Nocente, R. E. Nygren, R. C. O'Neill, T. Odstrcil, S. Ohdachi, M. Okabayashi, E. Olofsson, M. Ono, D. M. Orlov, T. H. Osborne, N. A. Pablant, D. C. Pace, R. R. Paguio, A. Pajares Martinez, C. Pan, A. Pankin, J. M. Park, J. Park, Y. Park, C. T. Parker, S. E. Parker, P. B. Parks, C. J. Pawley, C. A. Paz-Soldan, W. A. Peebles, B. G. Penaflor, T. W. Petrie, C. C. Petty, Y. Peysson, A. Y. Pigarov, D. A. Piglowski, R. I. Pinsker, P. Piovesan, N. Piper, R. A. Pitts, J. D. Pizzo, M. L. Podesta, F. M. Poli, D. Ponce, M. Porkolab, G. D. Porter, R. Prater, J. Qian, O. Ra, T. Rafiq, R. Raman, C. Rand, G. C. Randall, J. M. Rauch, C. Rea, M. L. Reinke, J. Ren, Q. Ren, Y. Ren, T. L. Rhodes, J. Rice, T. D. Rognlien, J. C. Rost, W. L. Rowan, D. L. Rudakov, A. Salmi, B. S. Sammuli, C. M. Samuell, A. M. Sandorfi, C. Sang, O. J. Sauter, D. P. Schissel, L. Schmitz, O. Schmitz, E. J. Schuster, J. T. Scoville, A. Seltzman, I. Sfiligoi, M. Shafer, H. Shen, T. Shi, D. Shiraki, H. Si, D. R. Smith, S. P. Smith, J. A. Snipes, P. B. Snyder, E. R. Solano, W. M. Solomon, A. C. Sontag, V. A. Soukhanovskii, D. A. Spong, W. M. Stacey, G. M. Staebler, L. Stagner, B. Stahl, P. C. Stangeby, T. J. Stoltzfus-Dueck, D. P. Stotler, E. J. Strait, D. Su, L. E. Sugiyama, A. A. Sulyman, Y. Sun, C. Sung, W. A. Suttrop, Y. Suzuki, A. Svyatkovskiy, R. M. Sweeney, S. Taimourzadeh, M. Takechi, T. Tala, H. Tan, S. Tang, X. Tang, D. Taussig, G. Taylor, N. Z. Taylor, T. S. Taylor, A. Teklu, D. M. Thomas, M. B. Thomas, K. E. Thome, A. R. Thorman, R. A. Tinguely, B. J. Tobias, J. F. Tooker, H. Torreblanca, A. Torrezan De Sousa, G. L. Trevisan, D. Truong, F. Turco, A. D. Turnbull, E. A. Unterberg, P. Vaezi, P. J. Vail, M. A. Van Zeeland, M. Velasco Enriquez, M. C. Venkatesh, B. S. Victor, F. Volpe, M. R. Wade, M. L. Walker, J. R. Wall, G. M. Wallace, R. E. Waltz, G. Wang, H. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, F. Wang, S. H. Ward, J. G. Watkins, M. Watkins, W. P. Wehner, M. Weiland, D. B. Weisberg, A. S. Welander, A. E. White, R. B. White, D. Whyte, T. A. Wijkamp, R. Wilcox, T. Wilks, H. R. Wilson, A. Wingen, E. Wolfe, M. Wu, W. Wu, S. J. Wukitch, T. Xia, N. Xiang, B. Xiao, R. Xie, G. Xu, H. Xu, X. Xu, Z. Yan, Q. Yang, X. Yang, M. Yoshida, G. Yu, J. H. Yu, M. Yu, S. A. Zamperini, L. Zeng, B. Zhao, D. Zhao, H. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Y. Zhu, B. Zywicki, Abadie, L, Abrams, T, Ahn, J, Akiyama, T, Aleynikov, P, Allcock, J, Allen, E, Allen, S, Anderson, J, Ashourvan, A, Austin, M, Bak, J, Barada, K, Barbour, N, Bardoczi, L, Barr, J, Barton, J, Bass, E, Battaglia, D, Baylor, L, Beckers, J, Belli, E, Berkery, J, Bertelli, N, Bialek, J, Boedo, J, Boivin, R, Bonoli, P, Bortolon, A, Boyer, M, Brambila, R, Bray, B, Brennan, D, Briesemeister, A, Bringuier, S, Brookman, M, Brower, D, Brown, B, Brown, W, Buchenauer, D, Burke, M, Burrell, K, Butt, J, Buttery, R, Bykov, I, Candy, J, Canik, J, Cao, N, Carbajal Gomez, L, Carlson, L, Carlstrom, T, Carter, T, Cary, W, Casali, L, Cengher, M, Chan, V, Chen, B, Chen, J, Chen, M, Chen, R, Chen, X, Choi, W, Chrobak, C, Chrystal, C, Churchill, R, Cianciosa, M, Clauser, C, Clement, M, Coburn, J, Collins, C, Cooper, A, Covele, B, Crippen, J, Crocker, N, Crowley, B, Dal Molin, A, Davis, E, Degrassie, J, del-Castillo-Negrete, C, Delgado-Aparicio, L, Diallo, A, Diem, S, Ding, R, Ding, S, Ding, W, Doane, J, Donovan, D, Drake, J, Du, D, Du, H, Du, X, Duarte, V, Duran, J, Eidietis, N, Elder, D, Eldon, D, Elwasif, W, Ely, T, Eng, K, Engelhorn, K, Ennis, D, Erickson, K, Ernst, D, Evans, T, Fenstermacher, M, Ferraro, N, Ferron, J, Finkenthal, D, Fisher, P, Fishler, B, Flanagan, S, Fooks, J, Frassinetti, L, Frerichs, H, Fu, Y, Fulop, T, Gao, Q, Garcia, F, Garofalo, A, Gattuso, A, Giacomelli, L, Giraldez, E, Giroud, C, Glass, F, Gohil, P, Gong, X, Gorelov, Y, Granetz, R, Green, D, Greenfield, C, Grierson, B, Groebner, R, Grosnickle, W, Groth, M, Grunloh, H, Guo, H, Guo, W, Guterl, J, Hager, R, Hahn, S, Halpern, F, Han, H, Hansink, M, Hanson, J, Harris, J, Haskey, S, Hatch, D, Heidbrink, W, Herfindal, J, Hill, D, Hill, M, Hinson, E, Holcomb, C, Holland, C, Holland, L, Hollmann, E, Holm, A, Hong, R, Hoppe, M, Houshmandyar, S, Howard, J, Howard, N, Hu, Q, Hu, W, Huang, H, Huang, J, Huang, Y, Hughes, G, Hughes, J, Humphreys, D, Hyatt, A, Ida, K, Igochine, V, In, Y, Inoue, S, Isayama, A, Isler, R, Izzo, V, Jackson, M, Jarvinen, A, Jeon, Y, Ji, H, Jian, X, Jimenez, R, Johnson, C, Joseph, I, Kaczala, D, Kaplan, D, Kates-Harbeck, J, Kellman, A, Kellman, D, Kessel, C, Khumthong, K, Kim, C, Kim, H, Kim, J, Kim, K, Kim, S, Kimura, W, King, J, Kirk, A, Kleijwegt, K, Knolker, M, Kohn, A, Kolemen, E, Kostuk, M, Kramer, G, Kress, P, Kriete, D, La Haye, R, Laggner, F, Lan, H, Lanctot, M, Lantsov, R, Lao, L, Lasnier, C, Lau, C, Law, K, Lawrence, D, Le, J, Lee, R, Lehnen, M, Leon, R, Leonard, A, Lesher, M, Leuer, J, Li, G, Li, K, Liao, K, Lin, Z, Liu, C, Liu, F, Liu, Y, Liu, Z, Loch, S, Logan, N, Lohr, J, Lore, J, Luce, T, Luhmann, N, Lunsford, R, Luo, C, Luo, Z, Lupin-Jimenez, L, Lvovskiy, A, Lyons, B, Ma, X, Maingi, R, Makowski, M, Mantica, P, Manuel, M, Margo, M, Marinoni, A, Marmar, E, Martin, W, Masline, R, Matsunaga, G, Mauzey, D, Mauzey, P, Mcclenaghan, J, Mckee, G, Mclean, A, Mclean, H, Meier, E, Meitner, S, Menard, J, Meneghini, O, Merlo, G, Meyer, W, Miller, D, Miller, W, Moeller, C, Montes, K, Morales, M, Mordijck, S, Moser, A, Moyer, R, Muller, S, Munaretto, S, Murakami, M, Murphy, C, Muscatello, C, Myers, C, Nagy, A, Navratil, G, Nazikian, R, Neff, A, Neiser, T, Nelson, A, Nguyen, P, Nguyen, R, Nichols, J, Nocente, M, Nygren, R, O'Neill, R, Odstrcil, T, Ohdachi, S, Okabayashi, M, Olofsson, E, Ono, M, Orlov, D, Osborne, T, Pablant, N, Pace, D, Paguio, R, Pajares Martinez, A, Pan, C, Pankin, A, Park, J, Park, Y, Parker, C, Parker, S, Parks, P, Pawley, C, Paz-Soldan, C, Peebles, W, Penaflor, B, Petrie, T, Petty, C, Peysson, Y, Pigarov, A, Piglowski, D, Pinsker, R, Piovesan, P, Piper, N, Pitts, R, Pizzo, J, Podesta, M, Poli, F, Ponce, D, Porkolab, M, Porter, G, Prater, R, Qian, J, Ra, O, Rafiq, T, Raman, R, Rand, C, Randall, G, Rauch, J, Rea, C, Reinke, M, Ren, J, Ren, Q, Ren, Y, Rhodes, T, Rice, J, Rognlien, T, Rost, J, Rowan, W, Rudakov, D, Salmi, A, Sammuli, B, Samuell, C, Sandorfi, A, Sang, C, Sauter, O, Schissel, D, Schmitz, L, Schmitz, O, Schuster, E, Scoville, J, Seltzman, A, Sfiligoi, I, Shafer, M, Shen, H, Shi, T, Shiraki, D, Si, H, Smith, D, Smith, S, Snipes, J, Snyder, P, Solano, E, Solomon, W, Sontag, A, Soukhanovskii, V, Spong, D, Stacey, W, Staebler, G, Stagner, L, Stahl, B, Stangeby, P, Stoltzfus-Dueck, T, Stotler, D, Strait, E, Su, D, Sugiyama, L, Sulyman, A, Sun, Y, Sung, C, Suttrop, W, Suzuki, Y, Svyatkovskiy, A, Sweeney, R, Taimourzadeh, S, Takechi, M, Tala, T, Tan, H, Tang, S, Tang, X, Taussig, D, Taylor, G, Taylor, N, Taylor, T, Teklu, A, Thomas, D, Thomas, M, Thome, K, Thorman, A, Tinguely, R, Tobias, B, Tooker, J, Torreblanca, H, Torrezan De Sousa, A, Trevisan, G, Truong, D, Turco, F, Turnbull, A, Unterberg, E, Vaezi, P, Vail, P, Van Zeeland, M, Velasco Enriquez, M, Venkatesh, M, Victor, B, Volpe, F, Wade, M, Walker, M, Wall, J, Wallace, G, Waltz, R, Wang, G, Wang, H, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wang, F, Ward, S, Watkins, J, Watkins, M, Wehner, W, Weiland, M, Weisberg, D, Welander, A, White, A, White, R, Whyte, D, Wijkamp, T, Wilcox, R, Wilks, T, Wilson, H, Wingen, A, Wolfe, E, Wu, M, Wu, W, Wukitch, S, Xia, T, Xiang, N, Xiao, B, Xie, R, Xu, G, Xu, H, Xu, X, Yan, Z, Yang, Q, Yang, X, Yoshida, M, Yu, G, Yu, J, Yu, M, Zamperini, S, Zeng, L, Zhao, B, Zhao, D, Zhao, H, Zhao, Y, Zhu, Y, Zywicki, B, L. Abadie, T. W. Abrams, J. Ahn, T. Akiyama, P. Aleynikov, J. Allcock, E. O. Allen, S. Allen, J. P. Anderson, A. Ashourvan, M. E. Austin, J. Bak, K. K. Barada, N. Barbour, L. Bardoczi, J. Barr, J. L. Barton, E. M. Bass, D. Battaglia, L. R. Baylor, J. Beckers, E. A. Belli, J. W. Berkery, N. Bertelli, J. M. Bialek, J. A. Boedo, R. L. Boivin, P. T. Bonoli, A. Bortolon, M. D. Boyer, R. E. Brambila, B. Bray, D. P. Brennan, A. R. Briesemeister, S. A. Bringuier, M. W. Brookman, D. L. Brower, B. R. Brown, W. D. Brown, D. Buchenauer, M. G. Burke, K. H. Burrell, J. Butt, R. J. Buttery, I. Bykov, J. M. Candy, J. M. Canik, N. M. Cao, L. Carbajal Gomez, L. C. Carlson, T. N. Carlstrom, T. A. Carter, W. Cary, L. Casali, M. Cengher, V. S. Chan, B. Chen, J. Chen, M. Chen, R. Chen, Xi Chen, W. Choi, C. Chrobak, C. Chrystal, R. M. Churchill, M. Cianciosa, C. F. Clauser, M. Clement, J. Coburn, C. S. Collins, A. W. Cooper, B. M. Covele, J. W. Crippen, N. A. Crocker, B. J. Crowley, A. Dal Molin, E. M. Davis, J. S. deGrassie, C. A. del-Castillo-Negrete, L. F. Delgado-Aparicio, A. Diallo, S. J. Diem, R. Ding, S. Ding, W. Ding, J. L. Doane, D. C. Donovan, J. Drake, D. Du, H. Du, X. Du, V. Duarte, J. D. Duran, N. W. Eidietis, D. Elder, D. Eldon, W. Elwasif, T. E. Ely, K. M. Eng, K. Engelhorn, D. Ennis, K. Erickson, D. R. Ernst, T. E. Evans, M. E. Fenstermacher, N. M. Ferraro, J. R. Ferron, D. F. Finkenthal, P. A. Fisher, B. Fishler, S. M. Flanagan, J. A. Fooks, L. Frassinetti, H. G. Frerichs, Y. Fu, T. Fulop, Q. Gao, F. Garcia, A. M. Garofalo, A. Gattuso, L. Giacomelli, E. M. Giraldez, C. Giroud, F. Glass, P. Gohil, X. Gong, Y. A. Gorelov, R. S. Granetz, D. L. Green, C. M. Greenfield, B. A. Grierson, R. J. Groebner, W. H. Grosnickle, M. Groth, H. J. Grunloh, H. Y. Guo, W. Guo, J. Guterl, R. C. Hager, S. Hahn, F. D. Halpern, H. Han, M. J. Hansink, J. M. Hanson, J. Harris, S. R. Haskey, D. R. Hatch, W. W. Heidbrink, J. Herfindal, D. N. Hill, M. D. Hill, E. T. Hinson, C. T. Holcomb, C. G. Holland, L. D. Holland, E. M. Hollmann, A. M. Holm, R. Hong, M. Hoppe, S. Houshmandyar, J. Howard, N. T. Howard, Q. Hu, W. Hu, H. Huang, J. Huang, Y. Huang, G. A. Hughes, J. Hughes, D. A. Humphreys, A. W. Hyatt, K. Ida, V. Igochine, Y. In, S. Inoue, A. Isayama, R. C. Isler, V. A. Izzo, M. R. Jackson, A. E. Jarvinen, Y. Jeon, H. Ji, X. Jian, R. Jimenez, C. A. Johnson, I. Joseph, D. N. Kaczala, D. H. Kaplan, J. Kates-Harbeck, A. G. Kellman, D. H. Kellman, C. E. Kessel, K. Khumthong, C. C. Kim, H. Kim, J. Kim, K. Kim, S. H. Kim, W. Kimura, J. R. King, A. Kirk, K. Kleijwegt, M. Knolker, A. Kohn, E. Kolemen, M. Kostuk, G. J. Kramer, P. Kress, D. M. Kriete, R. J. La Haye, F. M. Laggner, H. Lan, M. J. Lanctot, R. Lantsov, L. L. Lao, C. J. Lasnier, C. Lau, K. Law, D. Lawrence, J. Le, R. L. Lee, M. Lehnen, R. Leon, A. W. Leonard, M. Lesher, J. A. Leuer, G. Li, K. Li, K. T. Liao, Z. Lin, C. Liu, F. Liu, Y. Liu, Z. Liu, S. Loch, N. C. Logan, J. M. Lohr, J. Lore, T. C. Luce, N. C. Luhmann, R. Lunsford, C. Luo, Z. Luo, L. Lupin-Jimenez, A. Lvovskiy, B. C. Lyons, X. Ma, R. Maingi, M. A. Makowski, P. Mantica, M. Manuel, M. W. Margo, A. Marinoni, E. Marmar, W. C. Martin, R. L. Masline, G. K. Matsunaga, D. M. Mauzey, P. S. Mauzey, J. T. Mcclenaghan, G. R. Mckee, A. G. Mclean, H. S. Mclean, E. Meier, S. J. Meitner, J. E. Menard, O. Meneghini, G. Merlo, W. H. Meyer, D. C. Miller, W. J. Miller, C. P. Moeller, K. J. Montes, M. A. Morales, S. Mordijck, A. Moser, R. A. Moyer, S. A. Muller, S. Munaretto, M. Murakami, C. J. Murphy, C. M. Muscatello, C. E. Myers, A. Nagy, G. A. Navratil, R. M. Nazikian, A. L. Neff, T. F. Neiser, A. Nelson, P. Nguyen, R. Nguyen, J. H. Nichols, M. Nocente, R. E. Nygren, R. C. O'Neill, T. Odstrcil, S. Ohdachi, M. Okabayashi, E. Olofsson, M. Ono, D. M. Orlov, T. H. Osborne, N. A. Pablant, D. C. Pace, R. R. Paguio, A. Pajares Martinez, C. Pan, A. Pankin, J. M. Park, J. Park, Y. Park, C. T. Parker, S. E. Parker, P. B. Parks, C. J. Pawley, C. A. Paz-Soldan, W. A. Peebles, B. G. Penaflor, T. W. Petrie, C. C. Petty, Y. Peysson, A. Y. Pigarov, D. A. Piglowski, R. I. Pinsker, P. Piovesan, N. Piper, R. A. Pitts, J. D. Pizzo, M. L. Podesta, F. M. Poli, D. Ponce, M. Porkolab, G. D. Porter, R. Prater, J. Qian, O. Ra, T. Rafiq, R. Raman, C. Rand, G. C. Randall, J. M. Rauch, C. Rea, M. L. Reinke, J. Ren, Q. Ren, Y. Ren, T. L. Rhodes, J. Rice, T. D. Rognlien, J. C. Rost, W. L. Rowan, D. L. Rudakov, A. Salmi, B. S. Sammuli, C. M. Samuell, A. M. Sandorfi, C. Sang, O. J. Sauter, D. P. Schissel, L. Schmitz, O. Schmitz, E. J. Schuster, J. T. Scoville, A. Seltzman, I. Sfiligoi, M. Shafer, H. Shen, T. Shi, D. Shiraki, H. Si, D. R. Smith, S. P. Smith, J. A. Snipes, P. B. Snyder, E. R. Solano, W. M. Solomon, A. C. Sontag, V. A. Soukhanovskii, D. A. Spong, W. M. Stacey, G. M. Staebler, L. Stagner, B. Stahl, P. C. Stangeby, T. J. Stoltzfus-Dueck, D. P. Stotler, E. J. Strait, D. Su, L. E. Sugiyama, A. A. Sulyman, Y. Sun, C. Sung, W. A. Suttrop, Y. Suzuki, A. Svyatkovskiy, R. M. Sweeney, S. Taimourzadeh, M. Takechi, T. Tala, H. Tan, S. Tang, X. Tang, D. Taussig, G. Taylor, N. Z. Taylor, T. S. Taylor, A. Teklu, D. M. Thomas, M. B. Thomas, K. E. Thome, A. R. Thorman, R. A. Tinguely, B. J. Tobias, J. F. Tooker, H. Torreblanca, A. Torrezan De Sousa, G. L. Trevisan, D. Truong, F. Turco, A. D. Turnbull, E. A. Unterberg, P. Vaezi, P. J. Vail, M. A. Van Zeeland, M. Velasco Enriquez, M. C. Venkatesh, B. S. Victor, F. Volpe, M. R. Wade, M. L. Walker, J. R. Wall, G. M. Wallace, R. E. Waltz, G. Wang, H. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, F. Wang, S. H. Ward, J. G. Watkins, M. Watkins, W. P. Wehner, M. Weiland, D. B. Weisberg, A. S. Welander, A. E. White, R. B. White, D. Whyte, T. A. Wijkamp, R. Wilcox, T. Wilks, H. R. Wilson, A. Wingen, E. Wolfe, M. Wu, W. Wu, S. J. Wukitch, T. Xia, N. Xiang, B. Xiao, R. Xie, G. Xu, H. Xu, X. Xu, Z. Yan, Q. Yang, X. Yang, M. Yoshida, G. Yu, J. H. Yu, M. Yu, S. A. Zamperini, L. Zeng, B. Zhao, D. Zhao, H. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Y. Zhu, and B. Zywicki

Abstract

DIII-D research is addressing critical challenges in preparation for ITER and the next generation of fusion devices through focusing on plasma physics fundamentals that underpin key fusion goals, understanding the interaction of disparate core and boundary plasma physics, and developing integrated scenarios for achieving high performance fusion regimes. Fundamental investigations into fusion energy science find that anomalous dissipation of runaway electrons (RE) that arise following a disruption is likely due to interactions with RE-driven kinetic instabilities, some of which have been directly observed, opening a new avenue for RE energy dissipation using naturally excited waves. Dimensionless parameter scaling of intrinsic rotation and gyrokinetic simulations give a predicted ITER rotation profile with significant turbulence stabilization. Coherence imaging spectroscopy confirms near sonic flow throughout the divertor towards the target, which may account for the convection-dominated parallel heat flux. Core-boundary integration studies show that the small angle slot divertor achieves detachment at lower density and extends plasma cooling across the divertor target plate, which is essential for controlling heat flux and erosion. The Super H-mode regime has been extended to high plasma current (2.0 MA) and density to achieve very high pedestal pressures (∼30 kPa) and stored energy (3.2 MJ) with H 98y2 ≈ 1.6-2.4. In scenario work, the ITER baseline Q = 10 scenario with zero injected torque is found to have a fusion gain metric independent of current between q 95 = 2.8-3.7, and a lower limit of pedestal rotation for RMP ELM suppression has been found. In the wide pedestal QH-mode regime that exhibits improved performance and no ELMs, the start-up counter torque has been eliminated so that the entire discharge uses ≈0 injected torque and the operating space is more ITER-relevant. Finally, the high- (3.8) hybrid scenario has been extended to the high-density levels ne

Published
2019

6. Effects of density gradients and fluctuations at the plasma edge on ECEI measurements at ASDEX Upgrade.

Author

B Vanovac, E Wolfrum, S S Denk, F Mink, F M Laggner, G Birkenmeier, M Willensdorfer, E Viezzer, M Hoelzl, S J Freethy, M G Dunne, A Lessig, N C Luhmann Jr, and Team, The Asdex Upgrade Team And The Eurofusion Mst1

Subjects
ELECTRON cyclotron resonance sources, EMISSION spectroscopy, ELECTRON density, ELECTRON temperature measurement, POLOIDAL magnetic fields
Abstract

Electron cyclotron emission imaging (ECEI) provides measurements of electron temperature (Te) and its fluctuations (δTe). However, when measuring at the plasma edge, in the steep gradient region, radiation transport effects must be taken into account. It is shown that due to these effects, the scrape-off layer region is not accessible to the ECEI measurements in steady state conditions and that the signal is dominated by the shine-through emission. Transient effects, such as filaments, can change the radiation transport locally, but cannot be distinguished from the shine-through. Local density measurements are essential for the correct interpretation of the electron cyclotron emission, since the density fluctuations influence the temperature measurements at the plasma edge. As an example, a low frequency 8 kHz mode, which causes 10%–15% fluctuations in the signal level of the ECEI, is analysed. The same mode has been measured with the lithium beam emission spectroscopy density diagnostic, and is very well correlated in time with high frequency magnetic fluctuations. With radiation transport modelling of the electron cyclotron radiation in the ECEI geometry, it is shown that the density contributes significantly to the radiation temperature (Trad) and the experimental observations have shown the amplitude modulation in both density and temperature measurements. The poloidal velocity of the low frequency mode measured by the ECEI is 3 km s–1. The calculated velocity of the high frequency mode measured with the magnetic pick-up coils is about 25 km s–1. Velocities are compared with the E × B background flow velocity and possible explanations for the origin of the low frequency mode are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Divertor, scrape-off layer and pedestal particle dynamics in the ELM cycle on ASDEX Upgrade.

Author

F M Laggner, S Keerl, J Gnilsen, E Wolfrum, M Bernert, D Carralero, L Guimarais, V Nikolaeva, S Potzel, M Cavedon, F Mink, M G Dunne, G Birkenmeier, R Fischer, E Viezzer, M Willensdorfer, M Wischmeier, F Aumayr, Team, the EUROfusion MST1, and Team, the ASDEX Upgrade

Subjects
*FUSION reactor divertors, *PARTICLE dynamics analysis, *ELECTRON density, *TOKAMAKS, *HEAT flux measurement
Abstract

In addition to the relaxation of the pedestal, edge localised modes (ELMs) introduce changes to the divertor and scrape-off layer (SOL) conditions. Their impact on the inter-ELM pedestal recovery is investigated, with emphasis on the electron density (ne) evolution. The typical ELM cycle occurring in an exemplary ASDEX Upgrade discharge interval at moderate applied gas puff and heating power is characterised, utilising several divertor, SOL and pedestal diagnostics. In the studied discharge interval the inner divertor target is detached before the ELM crash, while the outer target is attached. The particles and power expelled by the ELM crash lead to a re-attachment of the inner target plasma. After the ELM crash, the outer divertor target moves into a high recycling regime with large ne in front of the plate, which is accompanied by high main chamber neutral fluxes. On similar timescales, the inner target fully detaches and the high field side high density region (HFSHD) is formed reaching up to the high field side midplane. This state evolves again to the pre-ELM state, when the main chamber neutral fluxes are reduced later in the ELM cycle. Neither the timescale of the appearance of the HFSHD nor the increase of the main chamber neutral fluxes fit the timescale of the ne pedestal, which is faster. It is found that during the ne pedestal recovery, the magnetic activity at the low field side midplane is strongly reduced indicating a lower level of fluctuations. A rough estimation of the particle flux across the pedestal suggests that the particle flux is reduced in this period. In conclusion, the evolution of the ne pedestal is determined by a combination of neutral fluxes, HFSHD and reduced particle flux across the pedestal. A reduced particle flux explains the fast, experimentally observed re-establishment of the ne pedestal best, whereas neutrals and HFSHD impact on the evolution of the SOL and separatrix conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Pedestal and E r profile evolution during an edge localized mode cycle at ASDEX Upgrade.

Author

M Cavedon, T Pütterich, E Viezzer, F M Laggner, A Burckhart, M Dunne, R Fischer, A Lebschy, F Mink, U Stroth, M Willensdorfer, E Wolfrum, and Team, the ASDEX Upgrade

Subjects
CHARGE exchange, EDGE-localized modes (Plasma instabilities), SPECTRUM analysis, ION temperature, RELAXATION (Nuclear physics)
Abstract

The upgrade of the edge charge exchange recombination spectroscopy diagnostic at ASDEX Upgrade has enabled highly spatially resolved measurements of the impurity ion dynamics during an edge-localized mode cycle (ELM) with unprecedented temporal resolution, i.e. 65 μs. The increase of transport during an ELM induces a relaxation of the ion, electron edge gradients in impurity density and flows. Detailed characterization of the recovery of the edge temperature gradients reveals a difference in the ion and electron channel: the maximum ion temperature gradient is re-established on similar timescales as , which is faster than the recovery of . After the clamping of the maximum gradient, Ti and Te at the pedestal top continue to rise up to the next ELM while ne stays constant which means that the temperature pedestal and the resulting pedestal pressure widen until the next ELM. The edge radial electric field Er at the ELM crash is found to reduce to typical L-mode values and its maximum recovers to its pre-ELM conditions on a similar time scale as for ne and Ti. Within the uncertainties, the measurements of Er align with their neoclassical predictions for most of the ELM cycle, thus indicating that Er is dominated by collisional processes. However, between 2 and 4 ms after the ELM crash, other contributions to flow, e.g. zonal flows or ion orbit effects, could not be excluded within the uncertainties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. The role of the density profile in the ASDEX-Upgrade pedestal structure.

Author

M G Dunne, S Potzel, F Reimold, M Wischmeier, E Wolfrum, L Frassinetti, M Beurskens, P Bilkova, M Cavedon, R Fischer, B Kurzan, F M Laggner, R M McDermott, G Tardini, E Trier, E Viezzer, M Willensdorfer, Team, The EUROfusion MST1, and Team, The ASDEX-Upgrade

Subjects
PLASMA density, NUCLEAR reactors, PLASMA confinement, ION temperature, PLASMA stability
Abstract

Experimental evidence for the impact of a region of high density localised in the high-field side scrape-off layer (the HFSHD) on plasma confinement is shown in various dedicated experiments on ASDEX Upgrade (AUG). Increasing main ion fuelling is shown to increase the separatrix density and shift the density profile outwards. Predictive pedestal modelling of this shift indicates a 25% decrease in the attainable pedestal top pressure, which compares well with experimental observations in the gas scan. Since the HFSHD can be mitigated by applying nitrogen seeding, a combined scan in fuelling rate, heating power, and nitrogen seeding is presented. Significant increases in the achievable pedestal top pressure are observed with seeding, in particular at high heating powers, and are correlated with inward shifted density profiles and a reduction of the HFSHD and separatrix density. Interpretive linear stability analysis also confirms the impact of a radially shifted pressure profile on peeling-ballooning stability, with an inward shift allowing access to higher pressure gradients and pedestal widths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Interplay between turbulence, neoclassical and zonal flows during the transition from low to high confinement mode at ASDEX Upgrade.

Author

M. Cavedon, T. Pütterich, E. Viezzer, G. Birkenmeier, T. Happel, F. M. Laggner, P. Manz, F. Ryter, U. Stroth, and Team, The ASDEX Upgrade

Subjects
TURBULENCE, TOKAMAKS, TEMPERATURE effect, OSCILLATIONS, PLASMA confinement
Abstract

The spatio-temporal interplay between turbulence, mean and zonal flows has been investigated at the L–H and H–L transitions in the edge region of the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak. Close to both transitions, an intermediate phase (I-phase) characterized by ‘limit cycle like oscillations’ (LCOs) is observed in which periodic bursts of turbulence correlate with flow reduction and relaxation of gradients. During the I-phase, the velocity is dominated by the mean flows indicating that turbulence driven flows are small. Periodic dithers between L-mode and the phases with LCOs are also observed just before the H-mode onset where the edge density and temperature profile gradients evolve on similar timescale as the flows. Thus connection between mean and flows holds during the all evolution from L-mode to H-mode demonstrating the fundamental role of the neoclassical flows in the L–H transition physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Plasma response measurements of external magnetic perturbations using electron cyclotron emission and comparisons to 3D ideal MHD equilibrium.

Author

M Willensdorfer, S S Denk, E Strumberger, W Suttrop, B Vanovac, D Brida, M Cavedon, I Classen, M Dunne, S Fietz, R Fischer, A Kirk, F M Laggner, Y Q Liu, T Odstrčil, D A Ryan, E Viezzer, H Zohm, I C Luhmann, and Team, The ASDEX Upgrade

Subjects
MAGNETIC field measurements, ELECTRON cyclotron resonance heating, PLASMA electrodynamics, POLOIDAL magnetic fields, PLASMA physics, EDGE-localized modes (Plasma instabilities)
Abstract

The plasma response from an external n  =  2 magnetic perturbation field in ASDEX Upgrade has been measured using mainly electron cyclotron emission (ECE) diagnostics and a rigid rotating field. To interpret ECE and ECE-imaging (ECE-I) measurements accurately, forward modeling of the radiation transport has been combined with ray tracing. The measured data is compared to synthetic ECE data generated from a 3D ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equilibrium calculated by VMEC. The measured amplitudes of the helical displacement around the outboard midplane are in reasonable agreement with the one from the synthetic VMEC diagnostics. Both exceed the predictions from the vacuum field calculations and indicate the presence of a kink response at the edge, which amplifies the perturbation. VMEC and MARS-F have been used to calculate the properties of this kink mode. The poloidal mode structure of the magnetic perturbation of this kink mode at the edge peaks at poloidal mode numbers larger than the resonant components , whereas the poloidal mode structure of its displacement is almost resonant . This is expected from ideal MHD in the proximity of rational surfaces. The displacement measured by ECE-I confirms this resonant response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. High frequency magnetic fluctuations correlated with the inter-ELM pedestal evolution in ASDEX Upgrade.

Author

F M Laggner, E Wolfrum, M Cavedon, F Mink, E Viezzer, M G Dunne, P Manz, H Doerk, G Birkenmeier, R Fischer, S Fietz, M Maraschek, M Willensdorfer, F Aumayr, Team, the EUROfusion MST1, and Team, the ASDEX Upgrade

Subjects
*ELECTRON density, *FLUCTUATIONS (Physics), *ELECTRON temperature, *PLASMA flow, *MAGNETISM
Abstract

In order to understand the mechanisms that determine the structure of the high confinement mode (H-mode) pedestal, the evolution of the plasma edge electron density and temperature profiles between edge localised modes (ELMs) is investigated. The onset of radial magnetic fluctuations with frequencies above 200 kHz is found to correlate with the stagnation of the electron temperature pedestal gradient. During the presence of these magnetic fluctuations the gradients of the edge electron density and temperature are clamped and stable against the ELM onset. The detected magnetic fluctuation frequency is analysed for a variety of plasma discharges with different electron pressure pedestals. It is shown that the magnetic fluctuation frequency scales with the neoclassically estimated velocity at the plasma edge. This points to a location of the underlying instability in the gradient region. Furthermore, the magnetic signature of these fluctuations indicates a global mode structure with toroidal mode numbers of approximately 10. The fluctuations are also observed on the high field side with significant amplitude, indicating a mode structure that is symmetric on the low field side and high field side. The associated fluctuations in the current on the high field side might be attributed to either a strong peeling part or the presence of non-adiabatic electron response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. On the role of the edge density profile for the L–H transition power threshold in ASDEX Upgrade.

Author

L M Shao, E Wolfrum, F Ryter, G Birkenmeier, F M Laggner, E Viezzer, R Fischer, M Willensdorfer, B Kurzan, T Lunt, and Team, the ASDEX Upgrade

Subjects
TUNGSTEN, GRAPHITE, ELECTRIC discharges, ELECTRIC field effects, MAGNETIC field effects
Abstract

The L–H transition power threshold () in full tungsten (W) wall discharges is lower by 25% compared to those with graphite (C) mix tungsten walls in ASDEX Upgrade (Ryter et al 2013 Nucl. Fusion 53 113003). The lower power threshold in the full tungsten wall discharges has been found to correlate with higher edge density as well as steeper edge density gradient. An estimate of the minimum in the neoclassical radial electric field well inside the separatrix yields a constant value for all analyzed L–H transitions at fixed toroidal magnetic field (). The decrease of the threshold power is explained by the steeper edge density gradient in the discharges with full tungsten wall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results