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1. Production of antihydrogen atoms by 6 keV antiprotons through a positronium cloud

Author: P. Adrich, P. Blumer, G. Caratsch, M. Chung, P. Cladé, P. Comini, P. Crivelli, O. Dalkarov, P. Debu, A. Douillet, D. Drapier, P. Froelich, N. Garroum, S. Guellati-Khelifa, J. Guyomard, P.-A. Hervieux, L. Hilico, P. Indelicato, S. Jonsell, J.-P. Karr, B. Kim, S. Kim, E.-S. Kim, Y. J. Ko, T. Kosinski, N. Kuroda, B. M. Latacz, B. Lee, H. Lee, J. Lee, E. Lim, L. Liszkay, D. Lunney, G. Manfredi, B. Mansoulié, M. Matusiak, V. Nesvizhevsky, F. Nez, S. Niang, B. Ohayon, K. Park, N. Paul, P. Pérez, C. Regenfus, S. Reynaud, C. Roumegou, J.-Y. Roussé, Y. Sacquin, G. Sadowski, J. Sarkisyan, M. Sato, F. Schmidt-Kaler, M. Staszczak, K. Szymczyk, T. A. Tanaka, B. Tuchming, B. Vallage, A. Voronin, D. P. van der Werf, A. Welker, D. Won, S. Wronka, Y. Yamazaki, K.-H. Yoo, and P. Yzombard
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract We report on the first production of an antihydrogen beam by charge exchange of 6.1 keV antiprotons with a cloud of positronium in the GBAR experiment at CERN. The 100 keV antiproton beam delivered by the AD/ELENA facility was further decelerated with a pulsed drift tube. A 9 MeV electron beam from a linear accelerator produced a low energy positron beam. The positrons were accumulated in a set of two Penning–Malmberg traps. The positronium target cloud resulted from the conversion of the positrons extracted from the traps. The antiproton beam was steered onto this positronium cloud to produce the antiatoms. We observe an excess over background indicating antihydrogen production with a significance of 3–4 standard deviations.
Published: 2023
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2. Publisher Erratum: Production of antihydrogen atoms by 6 keV antiprotons through a positronium cloud

Author: P. Adrich, P. Blumer, G. Caratsch, M. Chung, P. Cladé, P. Comini, P. Crivelli, O. Dalkarov, P. Debu, A. Douillet, D. Drapier, P. Froelich, N. Garroum, S. Guellati-Khelifa, J. Guyomard, P.-A. Hervieux, L. Hilico, P. Indelicato, S. Jonsell, J.-P. Karr, B. Kim, S. Kim, E.-S. Kim, Y. J. Ko, T. Kosinski, N. Kuroda, B. M. Latacz, B. Lee, H. Lee, J. Lee, E. Lim, L. Liszkay, D. Lunney, G. Manfredi, B. Mansoulié, M. Matusiak, V. Nesvizhevsky, F. Nez, S. Niang, B. Ohayon, K. Park, N. Paul, P. Pérez, C. Regenfus, S. Reynaud, C. Roumegou, J.-Y. Roussé, Y. Sacquin, G. Sadowski, J. Sarkisyan, M. Sato, F. Schmidt-Kaler, M. Staszczak, K. Szymczyk, T. A. Tanaka, B. Tuchming, B. Vallage, A. Voronin, D. P. van der Werf, A. Welker, D. Won, S. Wronka, Y. Yamazaki, K.-H. Yoo, and P. Yzombard
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Published: 2023
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3. A magneto-gravitational trap for studies of gravitational quantum states

Author: V. V. Nesvizhevsky, F. Nez, S. A. Vasiliev, E. Widmann, P. Crivelli, S. Reynaud, and A. Yu. Voronin
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract Observation time is the key parameter for improving the precision of measurements of gravitational quantum states of particles levitating above a reflecting surface. We propose a new method of long confinement in such states of atoms, anti-atoms, neutrons and other particles possessing a magnetic moment. The earth gravitational field and a reflecting mirror confine particles in the vertical direction. The magnetic field originating from electric current passing through a vertical wire confines particles in the radial direction. Under appropriate conditions, motions along these two directions are decoupled to a high degree. We estimate characteristic parameters of the problem, and list possible systematic effects that limit storage times due to the coupling of the two motions.
Published: 2020
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4. Laser excitation of the 1s-hyperfine transition in muonic hydrogen

Author: P. Amaro, A. Adamczak, M. Abdou Ahmed, L. Affolter, F. D. Amaro, P. Carvalho, T. -L. Chen, L. M. P. Fernandes, M. Ferro, D. Goeldi, T. Graf, M. Guerra, T. W. Hänsch, C. A. O. Henriques, Y. -C. Huang, P. Indelicato, O. Kara, K. Kirch, A. Knecht, F. Kottmann, Y. -W. Liu, J. Machado, M. Marszalek, R. D. P. Mano, C. M. B. Monteiro, F. Nez, J. Nuber, A. Ouf, N. Paul, R. Pohl, E. Rapisarda, J. M. F. dos Santos, J. P. Santos, P. A. O. C. Silva, L. Sinkunaite, J. -T. Shy, K. Schuhmann, S. Rajamohanan, A. Soter, L. Sustelo, D. Taqqu, L. -B. Wang, F. Wauters, P. Yzombard, M. Zeyen, A. Antognini
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The CREMA collaboration is pursuing a measurement of the ground-state hyperfine splitting (HFS) in muonic hydrogen ($\mu$p) with 1 ppm accuracy by means of pulsed laser spectroscopy to determine the two-photon-exchange contribution with $2\times10^{-4}$ relative accuracy. In the proposed experiment, the $\mu$p atom undergoes a laser excitation from the singlet hyperfine state to the triplet hyperfine state, then is quenched back to the singlet state by an inelastic collision with a H$_2$ molecule. The resulting increase of kinetic energy after the collisional deexcitation is used as a signature of a successful laser transition between hyperfine states. In this paper, we calculate the combined probability that a $\mu$p atom initially in the singlet hyperfine state undergoes a laser excitation to the triplet state followed by a collisional-induced deexcitation back to the singlet state. This combined probability has been computed using the optical Bloch equations including the inelastic and elastic collisions. Omitting the decoherence effects caused by the laser bandwidth and collisions would overestimate the transition probability by more than a factor of two in the experimental conditions. Moreover, we also account for Doppler effects and provide the matrix element, the saturation fluence, the elastic and inelastic collision rates for the singlet and triplet states, and the resonance linewidth. This calculation thus quantifies one of the key unknowns of the HFS experiment, leading to a precise definition of the requirements for the laser system and to an optimization of the hydrogen gas target where $\mu$p is formed and the laser spectroscopy will occur.
Published: 2022
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5. Laser excitation of the 1s-hyperfine transition in muonic hydrogen

Author: Pedro Amaro, A. Adamczak, M. Abdou Ahmed, L. Affolter, F. D. Amaro, Patricia Carvalho, T. -L. Chen, L. M. P. Fernandes, M. Ferro, D. Goeldi, T. Graf, M. Guerra, Theodor Hänsch, C. A. O. Henriques, Y. -C. Huang, P. Indelicato, O. Kara, Klaus Kirch, Andreas Knecht, Franz Kottmann, Y. -W. Liu, Jorge Machado, M. Marszalek, R. D. P. Mano, C. M. B. Monteiro, F. Nez, J. Nuber, A. Ouf, N. Paul, Randolf Pohl, E. Rapisarda, J. M. F. dos Santos, J. P. Santos, P. A. O. C. Silva, L. Sinkunaite, J. -T. Shy, K. Schuhmann, S. Rajamohanan, Anna Soter, L. Sustelo, David Taqqu, L. -B. Wang, Frederik Wauters, P. Yzombard, M. Zeyen, Aldo Antognini, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Physics::Atomic Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract: The CREMA collaboration is pursuing a measurement of the ground-state hyperfine splitting (HFS) in muonic hydrogen ($\mu$p) with 1 ppm accuracy by means of pulsed laser spectroscopy to determine the two-photon-exchange contribution with $2\times10^{-4}$ relative accuracy. In the proposed experiment, the $\mu$p atom undergoes a laser excitation from the singlet hyperfine state to the triplet hyperfine state, {then} is quenched back to the singlet state by an inelastic collision with a H$_2$ molecule. The resulting increase of kinetic energy after the collisional deexcitation is used as a signature of a successful laser transition between hyperfine states. In this paper, we calculate the combined probability that a $\mu$p atom initially in the singlet hyperfine state undergoes a laser excitation to the triplet state followed by a collisional-induced deexcitation back to the singlet state. This combined probability has been computed using the optical Bloch equations including the inelastic and elastic collisions. Omitting the decoherence effects caused by {the laser bandwidth and }collisions would overestimate the transition probability by more than a factor of two in the experimental conditions. Moreover, we also account for Doppler effects and provide the matrix element, the saturation fluence, the elastic and inelastic collision rates for the singlet and triplet states, and the resonance linewidth. This calculation thus quantifies one of the key unknowns of the HFS experiment, leading to a precise definition of the requirements for the laser system and to an optimization of the hydrogen gas target where $\mu$p is formed and the laser spectroscopy will occur., Comment: 21 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2022

6. Positron accumulation in the GBAR experiment

Author: P. Blumer, M. Charlton, M. Chung, P. Cladé, P. Comini, P. Crivelli, O. Dalkarov, P. Debu, L. Dodd, A. Douillet, S. Guellati, P.-A. Hervieux, L. Hilico, A. Husson, P. Indelicato, G. Janka, S. Jonsell, J.-P. Karr, B.H. Kim, E.S. Kim, S.K. Kim, Y. Ko, T. Kosinski, N. Kuroda, B.M. Latacz, B. Lee, H. Lee, J. Lee, A.M.M. Leite, K. Lévêque, E. Lim, L. Liszkay, P. Lotrus, D. Lunney, G. Manfredi, B. Mansoulié, M. Matusiak, G. Mornacchi, V. Nesvizhevsky, F. Nez, S. Niang, R. Nishi, B. Ohayon, K. Park, N. Paul, P. Pérez, S. Procureur, B. Radics, C. Regenfus, J.-M. Reymond, S. Reynaud, J.-Y. Roussé, O. Rousselle, A. Rubbia, J. Rzadkiewicz, Y. Sacquin, F. Schmidt-Kaler, M. Staszczak, K. Szymczyk, T. Tanaka, B. Tuchming, B. Vallage, A. Voronin, D.P. van der Werf, S. Wolf, D. Won, S. Wronka, Y. Yamazaki, K.H. Yoo, P. Yzombard, C.J. Baker, Department of Physics [ETH Zürich] (D-PHYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Swansea University, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB [Collège de France]), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stockholm University, Institute for Basic Science [Daejeon] (IBS), Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Korea University [Seoul], Narodowe Centrum Badań Jądrowych (NCBJ), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), and GBAR
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Accumulator, Antimatter, Positron, Penning trap, Other Fields of Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics - Plasma Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), electron: linear accelerator, positron: capture, gravitation, gas, physics.plasm-ph, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics::Atomic Physics, Instrumentation, Antihydrogen, antihydrogen: ion, performance
Abstract: We present a description of the GBAR positron (e+) trapping apparatus, which consists of a three stage Buffer Gas Trap (BGT) followed by a High Field Penning Trap (HFT), and discuss its performance. The overall goal of the GBAR experiment is to measure the acceleration of the neutral antihydrogen (H¯) atom in the terrestrial gravitational field by neutralising a positive antihydrogen ion (H¯+), which has been cooled to a low temperature, and observing the subsequent H¯ annihilation following free fall. To produce one H¯+ ion, about 1010 positrons, efficiently converted into positronium (Ps), together with about 107 antiprotons (p¯), are required. The positrons, produced from an electron linac-based system, are accumulated first in the BGT whereafter they are stacked in the ultra-high vacuum HFT, where we have been able to trap 1.4(2) × 109 positrons in 1100 s. We present a description of the GBAR positron (e+) trapping apparatus, which consists of a three stage Buffer Gas Trap (BGT) followed by a High Field Penning Trap (HFT), and discuss its performance. The overall goal of the GBAR experiment is to measure the acceleration of the neutral antihydrogen (H) atom in the terrestrial gravitational field by neutralising a positive antihydrogen ion (H+), which has been cooled to a low temperature, and observing the subsequent H annihilation following free fall. To produce one H+ ion, about 10^10 positrons, efficiently converted into positronium (Ps), together with about 10^7 antiprotons (p), are required. The positrons, produced from an electron linac-based system, are accumulated first in the BGT whereafter they are stacked in the ultra-high vacuum HFT, where we have been able to trap 1.4(2) x 10^9 positrons in 1100 seconds.
Published: 2022

7. A large octupole magnetic trap for research with atomic hydrogen

Author: J. Ahokas, A. Semakin, J. Järvinen, O. Hanski, A. Laptiyenko, V. Dvornichenko, K. Salonen, Z. Burkley, P. Crivelli, A. Golovizin, V. Nesvizhevsky, F. Nez, P. Yzombard, E. Widmann, S. Vasiliev, Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), ILL, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB [Collège de France]), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))
Subjects: Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Physics::Atomic Physics, 7. Clean energy, Instrumentation, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract: We describe the design and performance of a large magnetic trap for storing and cooling of atomic hydrogen (H). The trap operates in the vacuum space of a dilution refrigerator at a temperature of 1.5 K. Aiming at a large volume of the trap we implemented the octupole configuration of linear currents (Ioffe bars) for the radial confinement, combined with two axial pinch coils and a 3 T solenoid for the cryogenic H dissociator. The octupole magnet consists of eight race-track segments which are compressed towards each other with magnetic forces. This provides a mechanically stable and robust construction with a possibility of replacement or repair of each segment. A maximum trap depth of 0.54 K (0.8 T) was reached, corresponding to an effective volume of 0.5 liters for hydrogen gas at 50 mK. This is an order of magnitude larger than ever used for trapping atoms.
Published: 2021

8. Accumulation of positrons from a LINAC based source

Author: Young Ju Ko, P.-P. Crépin, N. Paul, JJ Choi, André Rubbia, Jaison Lee, Paul-Antoine Hervieux, P. Debu, P. Comini, M. Staszczak, K.H. Park, P Froehlich, D. P. van der Werf, SK Kim, O. D. Dalkarov, Bruno Mansoulie, D. Won, Jean-Philippe Karr, G Janka, M. Matusiak, Laszlo Liszkay, G Mornacchi, Serge Reynaud, B. Tuchming, C. J. Baker, Laurent Hilico, A. Douillet, F. Nez, J.-Y. Roussé, S. Niang, R. Nishi, D. Lunney, Sebastian Wolf, Ferdinand Schmidt-Kaler, Alexei Voronin, J Gafriller, Moses Chung, Yasunori Yamazaki, Paul Indelicato, C. Regenfus, T. Kosinski, J. Rzadkiewicz, S. Wronka, S. Guellati, L. Dodd, Pierre Cladé, A. Welker, B. Latacz, A. Husson, M. Charlton, A Kleyheeg, Svante Jonsell, B. Vallage, ES Kim, Y. Sacquin, T Louvradoux, BH Kim, Naofumi Kuroda, Giovanni Manfredi, E. Lim, S. Nourbaksh, H Lee, Valery Nesvizhevsky, K.-H. Yoo, K. Lévêque, P. Perez, Johannes Heinrich, B. Radics, Amm Leite, Paolo Crivelli, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Swansea University, Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics [ETH Zürich] (IPA), Department of Physics [ETH Zürich] (D-PHYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB [Collège de France]), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution)), P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (LPI RAS), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), National Centre for Nuclear Research [Otwock], Narodowe Centrum Badań Jądrowych (NCBJ), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), CERN [Genève], RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPP), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics [Umeå], Umeå University, National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Centre for Water Research (CWR), The University of Western Australia (UWA), iMagX/MIRO, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), ILL, Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Institut für Quanteninformationsverarbeitung, Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, and Lancaster University
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Physics, Measure (physics), General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Gravitational acceleration, 01 natural sciences, Linear particle accelerator, Positronium, Nuclear physics, Positron, Positron plasma, Positron accumulation, Antimatter, Penning-Malmberg trap, Greaves-Surko trap, GBAR, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Antiproton, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics::Atomic Physics, 0210 nano-technology, Antihydrogen, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; The GBAR experiment aims to measure the gravitational acceleration of antihydrogen H̅. It will use H̅+ ions formed by the interaction of antiprotons with a dense positronium cloud, which will require about 1010 positrons to produce one H̅+. We present the first results on the positron accumulation, reaching 3.8±0.4×108 e+ collected in 560 s.
Published: 2020

9. State of the art in the determination of the fine-structure constant and the ratio h/mu

Author: François Biraben, Saïda Guellati-Khélifa, Pierre Cladé, F. Nez, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB [Collège de France]), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Collège de France (CdF)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire commun de métrologie LNE-CNAM (LCM), and Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais [Trappes] (LNE )-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)
Subjects: Atom interferometer, Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), Physical constant, Electron moment anomaly, FOS: Physical sciences, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Fine structure constant, Type (model theory), Planck constant, 01 natural sciences, Physics - Atomic Physics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Standard Model, symbols.namesake, Système d'unités international, Constante de structure fine, 0103 physical sciences, International System of Units, 010306 general physics, Physics, International system of units, General Engineering, Fine-structure constant, Atom interferometry, Interférométrie atomique, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], Atomic mass, Moment magnétique anormal de l'électron, symbols, Atomic physics
Abstract: The fine structure constant $\alpha$ and the ratio $h/m_{\mathrm{u}}$ between the Planck constant and the unified atomic mass are keystone constants for the determination of other fundamental physical constants, especially the ones involved in the framework of the future International System of units. This paper presents how these two constants, which can be deduced from one another, are measured. We will present in detail the measurement of $h/m_\mathrm{Rb}$ performed by atomic interferometry at the Laboratoire Kastler Brossel in Paris. This type of measurement also allows a test of the standard model to be carried out with unparalleled accuracy., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1309.3393
Published: 2019

10. Measuring the α-particle charge radius with muonic helium-4 ions

Author: Sandrine Galtier, Julian J. Krauth, Andreas Knecht, Andreas Dax, D. Taqqu, Thomas Graf, Paul Indelicato, Yi-Wei Liu, Karsten Schuhmann, Andreas Voss, F. Mulhauser, Pedro Amaro, Malte Hildebrandt, D. S. Covita, L.M.P. Fernandes, Boris Naar, F. D. Amaro, Theodor W. Hänsch, Marwan Abdou Ahmed, José Paulo Santos, Andrea L. Gouvea, Lucile Julien, Randolf Pohl, Johannes Götzfried, F. Nez, Beatrice Franke, Jorge Machado, Tobias Nebel, C.M.B. Monteiro, J.F.C.A. Veloso, Joaquim M. F. dos Santos, François Biraben, Franz Kottmann, Marc Diepold, Csilla I. Szabo, Jens Hartmann, Jan Vogelsang, Klaus Kirch, Aldo Antognini, Tzu-Ling Chen, Birgit Weichelt, LaserLaB Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (LaserLaB), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Max-Planck-Institute for Quantum Optics, Institut für Physik [Mainz], Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics [ETH Zürich] (IPA), Department of Physics [ETH Zürich] (D-PHYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Institut für Strahlwerkzeuge, Universität of Stuttgart, Department of Physics [Coimbra], University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB [Collège de France]), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution)), National Tsing Hua University [Hsinchu] (NTHU), Universidade de Aveiro, TRIUMF [Vancouver], Atmosphère, Optique et Spectroscopie (ATMOS), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Theiss Research, Lund University [Lund], Atoms, Molecules, Lasers, LaserLaB - Physics of Light, DF – Departamento de Física, and LIBPhys-UNL
Subjects: Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Multidisciplinary, Muon, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear structure, Atomic spectroscopy, Electron, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Article, Ion, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Charge radius, 0103 physical sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Physics::Atomic Physics, Exotic atoms and molecules, Atomic physics, Experimental nuclear physics, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, General
Abstract: The energy levels of hydrogen-like atomic systems can be calculated with great precision. Starting from their quantum mechanical solution, they have been refined over the years to include the electron spin, the relativistic and quantum field effects, and tiny energy shifts related to the complex structure of the nucleus. These energy shifts caused by the nuclear structure are vastly magnified in hydrogen-like systems formed by a negative muon and a nucleus, so spectroscopy of these muonic ions can be used to investigate the nuclear structure with high precision. Here we present the measurement of two 2S–2P transitions in the muonic helium-4 ion that yields a precise determination of the root-mean-square charge radius of the α particle of 1.67824(83) femtometres. This determination from atomic spectroscopy is in excellent agreement with the value from electron scattering1, but a factor of 4.8 more precise, providing a benchmark for few-nucleon theories, lattice quantum chromodynamics and electron scattering. This agreement also constrains several beyond-standard-model theories proposed to explain the proton-radius puzzle2,3,4,5, in line with recent determinations of the proton charge radius6,7,8,9, and establishes spectroscopy of light muonic atoms and ions as a precise tool for studies of nuclear properties., Nature, 589 (7843), ISSN:0028-0836, ISSN:1476-4687
Published: 2021

11. A pulsed high-voltage decelerator system to deliver low-energy antiprotons

Author: Valery Nesvizhevsky, K.-H. Yoo, J.-M. Reymond, P. Comini, B. Latacz, F. Nez, Alexei Voronin, Laurent Hilico, L. Dodd, P.-P. Crépin, M. Staszczak, B.H. Kim, Giuseppe Mornacchi, Jean-Philippe Karr, A. M. M. Leite, G. Janka, N. Garroum, S. Procureur, J.J. Choi, J.-Y. Roussé, J. Rzadkiewicz, Paul Indelicato, Hyo-Suk Lee, Pierre Cladé, M. Matusiak, B. Tuchming, T. Kosinski, P. Debu, Yasunori Yamazaki, Sun-Whe Kim, Eun-San Kim, A. Welker, Paolo Crivelli, M. Charlton, M. Chung, A. Husson, S. Wronka, S. Wolf, B. Vallage, O. D. Dalkarov, Y. Sacquin, C. Regenfus, S. Guellati-Khélifa, Naofumi Kuroda, R. Nishi, Serge Reynaud, Jaison Lee, S. Nourbaksh, Young Ju Ko, A. Douillet, Paul-Antoine Hervieux, D. Lunney, N. Paul, K. Lévêque, Giovanni Manfredi, P. Lotrus, P. Pérez, O. Rousselle, Bruno Mansoulie, E. Lim, Laszlo Liszkay, Svante Jonsell, K.H. Park, S. Niang, Ferdinand Schmidt-Kaler, André Rubbia, D. P. van der Werf, D. Won, B. Radics, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), CERN [Genève], Swansea University, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB [Collège de France]), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics [ETH Zürich] (IPA), Department of Physics [ETH Zürich] (D-PHYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (LPI RAS), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stockholm University, Korea University [Seoul], Institute for Basic Science [Daejeon] (IBS), National Centre for Nuclear Research [Otwock], Narodowe Centrum Badań Jądrowych (NCBJ), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), ILL, and Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Drift tube, General Relativity, Ion-optic simulations, CERN Lab, drift tube, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], Charged-particle optics, fabrication, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, anti-p: deceleration, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, 0103 physical sciences, synchrotron, Physics::Atomic Physics, 010306 general physics, Antihydrogen, numerical calculations, Instrumentation, accelerator: design, Physics, antihydrogen, Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High voltage, Charged particle, Synchrotron, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], Pulse (physics), beam optics, Antiproton, Physics::Accelerator Physics
Abstract: International audience; The GBAR (Gravitational Behavior of Antihydrogen at Rest) experiment at CERN requires efficient deceleration of 100 keV antiprotons provided by the new ELENA synchrotron ring to synthesize antihydrogen. This is accomplished using electrostatic deceleration optics and a drift tube that is designed to switch from -99 kV to ground when the antiproton bunch is inside – essentially a charged particle “elevator” – producing a 1 keV pulse. We describe the simulation, design, construction and successful testing of the decelerator device at -92 kV on-line with antiprotons from ELENA.
Published: 2021

12. A magneto-gravitational trap for studies of gravitational quantum states

Author: Valery Nesvizhevsky, A. Yu. Voronin, F. Nez, E. Widmann, Sergey Vasiliev, Serge Reynaud, and Paolo Crivelli
Subjects: Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Magnetic moment, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, lcsh:Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Magnetic field, Gravitation, Coupling (physics), Gravitational field, Quantum state, Quantum electrodynamics, 0103 physical sciences, Vertical direction, lcsh:QB460-466, Levitation, lcsh:QC770-798, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous)
Abstract: Observation time is the key parameter for improving the precision of measurements of gravitational quantum states of particles levitating above a reflecting surface. We propose a new method of long confinement in such states of atoms, anti-atoms, neutrons and other particles possessing a magnetic moment. The earth gravitational field and a reflecting mirror confine particles in the vertical direction. The magnetic field originating from electric current passing through a vertical wire confines particles in the radial direction. Under appropriate conditions, motions along these two directions are decoupled to a high degree. We estimate characteristic parameters of the problem, and list possible systematic effects that limit storage times due to the coupling of the two motions., The European Physical Journal C, 80 (6), ISSN:1434-6044, ISSN:1434-6052
Published: 2020

13. The CODATA 2017 values ofh,e,k, andNAfor the revision of the SI

Author: Peter J. Mohr, F Cabiati, Z Zhang, Barry N. Taylor, Savely G. Karshenboim, B M Wood, Terry Quinn, E. de Mirandes, Krzysztof Pachucki, Helen S. Margolis, M Wang, J Fischer, David B. Newell, K Fujii, and F. Nez
Subjects: Physics, General Engineering, Planck constant, Elementary charge, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, symbols.namesake, Units of measurement, Quantum mechanics, 0103 physical sciences, Avogadro constant, Boltzmann constant, symbols, Calculus, International System of Units, 010306 general physics
Abstract: Sufficient progress towards redefining the International System of Units (SI) in terms of exact values of fundamental constants has been achieved. Exact values of the Planck constant h, elementary charge e, Boltzmann constant k, and Avogadro constant N A from the CODATA 2017 Special Adjustment of the Fundamental Constants are presented here. These values are recommended to the 26th General Conference on Weights and Measures to form the foundation of the revised SI.
Published: 2018

14. Development of a PbWO 4 detector for single-shot positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy at the GBAR experiment

Author: Paolo Crivelli, JJ Choi, Jean-Philippe Karr, C. Regenfus, G Mornacchi, Y. Sacquin, BH Kim, Naofumi Kuroda, SK Kim, B. Radics, M. Staszczak, S. Nourbaksh, B. Vallage, Young Ju Ko, Sebastian Wolf, P. Comini, Bruno Mansoulie, P Froehlich, J. Rzadkiewicz, P.-P. Crépin, F. Nez, N. Paul, Pierre Cladé, Alexei Voronin, S. Guellati, L. Dodd, A. Husson, Giovanni Manfredi, Svante Jonsell, M. Matusiak, Paul Indelicato, Amm Leite, Serge Reynaud, T. Kosinski, O. D. Dalkarov, T Louvradoux, Moses Chung, S. Wronka, A. Welker, Laurent Hilico, R. Nishi, E. Lim, K.H. Park, H Lee, Laszlo Liszkay, Jaison Lee, Paul-Antoine Hervieux, P. Debu, ES Kim, P. Lotrus, André Rubbia, K. Lévêque, D. P. van der Werf, D. Won, J.-Y. Roussé, S. Niang, Ferdinand Schmidt-Kaler, P. Perez, A Douillet, B. Latacz, D. Lunney, G. Janka, B. Tuchming, Yasunori Yamazaki, Valery Nesvizhevsky, K.-H. Yoo, Johannes Heinrich, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPP), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB [Collège de France]), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics [Umeå], Umeå University, Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), National Center for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Centre for Water Research (CWR), The University of Western Australia (UWA), iMagX/MIRO, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), ILL, Girardel - Laboratoire Leïdi (Leïdi), Université Gaston Berger de Saint-Louis Sénégal (UGB), Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Institut für Quanteninformationsverarbeitung, Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, and Lancaster University
Subjects: Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], Detector, Measure (physics), General Physics and Astronomy, 7. Clean energy, Ion, Nuclear physics, Cross section (physics), [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], PACS: 78.70.Bj, 41.75.Fr, 36.10.Dr, Yield (chemistry), Reflection (physics), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Antihydrogen, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; We have developed a PbWO 4 (PWO) detector with a large dynamic range to measure the intensity of a positron beam and the absolute density of the ortho-positronium (o-Ps) cloud it creates. A simulation study shows that a setup based on such detectors may be used to determine the angular distribution of the emission and reflection of o-Ps to reduce part of the uncertainties of the measurement. These will allow to improve the precision in the measurement of the cross section for the (anti) hydrogen formation by (anti) proton-positronium charge exchange and to optimize the yield of antihydrogen ion which is an essential parameter in the GBAR experiment.
Published: 2019

15. Gravitational and matter-wave spectroscopy of atomic hydrogen at ultra-low energies

Author: Jarno Järvinen, J. Ahokas, Serge Reynaud, Alexei Voronin, Sergey Vasiliev, Valery Nesvizhevsky, F. Nez, Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), ILL, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB [Collège de France]), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Collège de France (CdF)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Hydrogen, Quantum reflection, chemistry.chemical_element, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Gravitation, BEC, Magnetic trap, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic Physics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Antihydrogen, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Atomic hydrogen, Condensed Matter Physics, Potential energy, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Atomic physics, Superfluid helium-4
Abstract: International audience; We propose experiments with atomic hydrogen gas at ultra-low temperatures T
Published: 2019

16. El retrato de Dorian Grey : o el tr?nsito de la idealidad a la realidad

Author: F?nez, Rub?n, Caravantes, Vanesa, and Universidad Tecnol?gica de El Salvador
Subjects: LITERATURA, FILOSOF?A, HISTORIA, NOVELA
Abstract: No pretendemos, ni por cerca, hacer creer que nuestra lectura de la novela de Oscar Wilde, El retrato de Dorian Grey, sea definitiva, ni para nosotros, ni para ning?n otro lector. Lo ?nico que buscamos es, provisionalmente, exponer, lo que pensamos que es hasta este momento una de sus posibles lecturas, sospechando, incluso, que, en el futuro, nosotros mismos podamos tener una interpretaci?n diversa a la que en este momento estamos exponiendo. No obstante, si buscamos, con nuestra lectura, interesar a hipot?ticos lectores para que se comprometan con una lectura seria y apacible de tan hermosa novela. El procedimiento que hemos seguido es presentar una imagen de cada uno de los personajes de la novela; comenzamos, con Lord Harry, centr?ndonos en la visi?n hedonista que tiene este personaje de la vida. Continuamos exponiendo a Basilio, fijando la atenci?n en el descubrimiento que hace del punto de b?veda de su arte, cuando encuentra a Dorian Grey, en tercer lugar, describimos a Sibila Vane, interes?ndonos en exponer el tr?nsito de lo que aqu? llamamos idealidad de la realidad a la realidad verdadera. Y, Finalmente, describimos a Dorian Grey. Universidad Tecnol?gica de El Salvador
Published: 2018

17. Publisher Correction: Measuring the α-particle charge radius with muonic helium-4 ions

Author: F. Mulhauser, Franz Kottmann, Birgit Weichelt, J.F.C.A. Veloso, Jens Hartmann, Thomas Graf, José Paulo Santos, Tzu-Ling Chen, Julian J. Krauth, Paul Indelicato, D. S. Covita, Marwan Abdou Ahmed, Beatrice Franke, Randolf Pohl, Malte Hildebrandt, L.M.P. Fernandes, Csilla I. Szabo, Johannes Götzfried, C.M.B. Monteiro, François Biraben, Theodor W. Hänsch, Sandrine Galtier, Pedro Amaro, Klaus Kirch, Aldo Antognini, Andrea L. Gouvea, Andreas Dax, Andreas Knecht, Boris Naar, Marc Diepold, Yi-Wei Liu, Jan Vogelsang, F. D. Amaro, Andreas Voss, F. Nez, Lucile Julien, Jorge Machado, Karsten Schuhmann, Joaquim M. F. dos Santos, Tobias Nebel, and D. Taqqu
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, Computer science, Published Erratum, Creative commons, Publisher Correction, SDG 17 - Partnerships for the Goals, Helium-4, Charge radius, Exotic atoms and molecules, Experimental nuclear physics, α particles, License, Mathematical economics
Abstract: The energy levels of hydrogen-like atomic systems can be calculated with great precision. Starting from their quantum mechanical solution, they have been refined over the years to include the electron spin, the relativistic and quantum field effects, and tiny energy shifts related to the complex structure of the nucleus. These energy shifts caused by the nuclear structure are vastly magnified in hydrogen-like systems formed by a negative muon and a nucleus, so spectroscopy of these muonic ions can be used to investigate the nuclear structure with high precision. Here we present the measurement of two 2S-2P transitions in the muonic helium-4 ion that yields a precise determination of the root-mean-square charge radius of the α particle of 1.67824(83) femtometres. This determination from atomic spectroscopy is in excellent agreement with the value from electron scattering
Published: 2021

18. Positron production using a 9 MeV electron linac for the GBAR experiment

Author: B. Radics, Alexei Voronin, L. Dodd, S. Niang, Bruno Mansoulie, Ferdinand Schmidt-Kaler, Valery Nesvizhevsky, P.-P. Crépin, Paul Indelicato, A. Husson, K.-H. Yoo, T. Kosinski, B. Latacz, A. Welker, Eun-San Kim, P. Debu, Laszlo Liszkay, André Rubbia, J. Rzadkiewicz, R. Nishi, Pierre Cladé, D. Lunney, G. Janka, Y. Sacquin, Paolo Crivelli, D. P. van der Werf, O. Rousselle, Jaison Lee, J.-M. Rey, D. Won, B.H. Kim, Paul-Antoine Hervieux, Naofumi Kuroda, S. Wolf, P. Lotrus, E. Lim, P. Pérez, Giuseppe Mornacchi, Jean-Philippe Karr, O. D. Dalkarov, M. Charlton, C. Regenfus, S. Guellati-Khélifa, S. Nourbaksh, Serge Reynaud, A. Douillet, Svante Jonsell, J.-M. Reymond, S. K. Kim, F. Nez, J.-Y. Roussé, M. Staszczak, K.H. Park, Giovanni Manfredi, Hyo-Suk Lee, JJ Choi, Young Ju Ko, M. Matusiak, N. Paul, Laurent Hilico, Moses Chung, S. Wronka, B. Tuchming, Yasunori Yamazaki, K. Lévêque, B. Vallage, T Louvradoux, P. Comini, A. M. M. Leite, S. Procureur, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB [Collège de France]), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), ILL, Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: safety, Antimatter, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, CERN Lab, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, tungsten, Positron, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Linear particle accelerator, positron: particle source, 010305 fluids & plasmas, electron: pair production, Nuclear physics, electron: linear accelerator, Linear accelerator, Antihydrogen, Gravitation, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, physics.ins-det, Instrumentation, energy: low, antihydrogen, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, gravitation 2, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), linear accelerator, Antiproton Decelerator, Pair production, radioactivity, gravitation: acceleration, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, performance, positron: yield
Abstract: For the GBAR (Gravitational Behaviour of Antihydrogen at Rest) experiment at CERN's Antiproton Decelerator (AD) facility we have constructed a source of slow positrons, which uses a low-energy electron linear accelerator (linac). The driver linac produces electrons of 9 MeV kinetic energy that create positrons from bremsstrahlung-induced pair production. Staying below 10 MeV ensures no persistent radioactive activation in the target zone and that the radiation level outside the biological shield is safe for public access. An annealed tungsten-mesh assembly placed directly behind the target acts as a positron moderator. The system produces $5\times10^7$ slow positrons per second, a performance demonstrating that a low-energy electron linac is a superior choice over positron-emitting radioactive sources for high positron flux., published in NIM A. 33 pages 9 figures
Published: 2021

19. High Resolution Spectroscopy of 1S-3S Transition in Hydrogen with a CW Laser

Author: François Biraben, Marie Bonnaud, F. Nez, Helene Fleurbaey, Simon Thomas, L. Julien, and Sandrine Galtier
Subjects: Materials science, Proton, Hydrogen, chemistry.chemical_element, High resolution, Radius, Cw laser, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Rydberg constant, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy
Abstract: The aim of our experiment is to improve the spectroscopy of atomic hydrogen in order to determine the Rydberg constant and contribute to the proton radius puzzle. Our experimental setup allows us to reach a statistical uncertainty of 2.1 kHz on the measurement of the 1S-3S transition frequency. Our latest study of the systematic effects yields a new value of this transition frequency that is five times more precise than our previous determination, contributing to shedding light on the proton radius puzzle.
Published: 2018

20. New Measurement of the 1S−3S Transition Frequency of Hydrogen: Contribution to the Proton Charge Radius Puzzle

Author: Michel Abgrall, L. Julien, Marie Bonnaud, F. Nez, François Biraben, Sandrine Galtier, Jocelyne Guéna, Helene Fleurbaey, and Simon Thomas
Subjects: Physics, Atomic beam, Hydrogen, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, chemistry, Charge radius, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Excitation, Exotic atom
Abstract: We present a new measurement of the $1S\ensuremath{-}3S$ two-photon transition frequency of hydrogen, realized with a continuous-wave excitation laser at 205 nm on a room-temperature atomic beam, with a relative uncertainty of $9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}$. The proton charge radius deduced from this measurement, ${r}_{p}=0.877(13)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fm}$, is in very good agreement with the current CODATA-recommended value. This result contributes to the ongoing search to solve the proton charge radius puzzle, which arose from a discrepancy between the CODATA value and a more precise determination of ${r}_{p}$ from muonic hydrogen spectroscopy.
Published: 2018

21. Spatial hole burning in thin-disk lasers and twisted-mode operation

Author: Gunther Wichmann, Klaus Kirch, Aldo Antognini, Randolf Pohl, Karsten Schuhmann, and F. Nez
Subjects: Physics, High power lasers, business.industry, Wavelength selectivity, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Polarizer, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, Thin disk, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Engineering (miscellaneous), Saturation (magnetic), Physics - Optics, Optics (physics.optics)
Abstract: Spatial hole burning prevents single-frequency operation of thin-disk lasers when the thin disk is used as a folding mirror. We present an evaluation of the saturation effects in the disk for disks acting as end-mirrors and as folding-mirrors explaining one of the main obstacles towards single-frequency operation. It is shown that a twisted-mode scheme based on a multi-order quarter-wave plate combined with a polarizer provides an almost complete suppression of spatial hole burning and creates an additional wavelength selectivity that enforces efficient single-frequency operation., Comment: 14 pages, 16 figures
Published: 2018

22. Primera lectura a El T?nel de Ernesto S?bato

Author: F?nez, Rub?n and Universidad Tecnol?gica de El Salvador
Subjects: LITERATURA, S?BATO, ERNESTO, 1911-2011 - CR?TICA E INTERPRETACI?N, CR?TICA LITERARIA
Abstract: La primera pregunta que me suscit? el libro de S?bato, El t?nel, una vez que lo abr? fue ?qu? significa un t?nel? Pienso que la pregunta vino suscitada, quiz?, por lo que han dicho que afirma el psicoan?lisis sobre t?neles y laberintos; de todos modos, fue una inquietud que ha acompa?ado la lectura de la novela, desde su primera p?gina hasta la ?ltima. La segunda pregunta, que adem?s ha servido de conducci?n heur?stica, ha sido ?por qu? Castel mata a Mar?a? Todos los lectores sabemos que la novela va a ser el relato de un asesinato, que me llev? a pensar en la Cr?nica de una muerte anunciada, de G. M?rquez, por eso, pienso que tenemos que saber cu?les son las razones para que se pueda llevar a cabo un hecho as?. Y en la novela de S?bato la pregunta es mucho m?s importante porque Castel piensa que la ?nica persona en el mundo que ha comprendido sus cuadros es precisamente Mar?a, entonces uno no puede dejarse de preguntar: si esto ha sido as?, c?mo es posible que opte por matarla. La tercera pregunta ha sido suscitada ante el empe?o del grupo de lectores con los cuales estuvimos leyendo la novela de entender la trama como una mera novela rom?ntica, en la que una calculadora Mar?a se burla de un enfermo Castel, frente a ellos quise que comprendieran mejor tanto a Castel como a Mar?a como met?foras que simbolizan experiencias humanas. De hecho, el mismo Castel afirma que ?todo esto tiene algo que ver con la humanidad en general ?comprende?? Por lo tanto, lo que hay que preguntarse es qu? simbolizan Castel y Mar?a. Y la cuarta pregunta que me suscit? la lectura por su presencia agobiante a lo largo de toda la novela ha sido qu? significa necesitar a otra persona. La necesidad que dice tener Castel de Mar?a es desesperante. Universidad Tecnol?gica de El Salvador
Published: 2018

23. Categor?as filos?ficas para el an?lisis de la realidad

Author: F?nez, Rub?n and Universidad Tecnol?gica de El Salvador
Subjects: MORAL, FILOSOF?A, ?TICA, ENSE?ANZA, HISTORIA
Abstract: Una reflexi?n sobre las categor?as filos?ficas para el an?lisis de la realidad salvadore?a. Se trata de un art?culo novedoso en su g?nero que pretende ir espigando aquellas categor?as filos?ficas fundamentales que permitan al ser humano dar cuenta de la realidad en la que estamos situados. Universidad Tecnol?gica de El Salvador
Published: 2017

24. Thirty years of hydrogen spectroscopy in Paris

Author: F. Nez, Lucile Julien, François Biraben, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Quantum optics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Hydrogen, General Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Rydberg constant, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy
Abstract: International audience; This paper gives a review of the experiments performed since the 1980s at the Laboratoire Kastler Brossel in Paris on two-photon spectroscopy of atomic hydrogen. Firstly devoted to the 2S–nS and 2S–nD transitions, they are currently running on the 1S–3S transition at 205 nm. During all that time, they were inspired by the plentiful ideas proposed by Ted Hänsch and were complementary with the measurements developed in parallel in his groups.This article is part of the topical collection “Enlightening the World with the Laser” - Honoring T. W. Hänsch guest edited by Tilman Esslinger, Nathalie Picqué, and Thomas Udem.
Published: 2017

25. Cross-damping effects in 1S-3S spectroscopy of hydrogen and deuterium

Author: François Biraben, Jean-Philippe Karr, F. Nez, Lucile Julien, and Hélène Fleurbaey
Subjects: Physics, Hydrogen, Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), Frequency shift, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Fluorescence, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Physics - Atomic Physics, symbols.namesake, Nuclear magnetic resonance, chemistry, Deuterium, 0103 physical sciences, symbols, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, Current (fluid), 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Raman scattering
Abstract: We calculate the cross-damping frequency shift of a laser-induced two-photon transition monitored through decay fluorescence, by adapting the analogy with Raman scattering developed by Amaro et al. [P. Amaro et al., PRA 92, 022514 (2015)]. We apply this method to estimate the frequency shift of the 1S-3S transition in hydrogen and deuterium. Taking into account our experimental conditions, we find a frequency shift of less than 1 kHz, that is smaller than our current statistical uncertainty., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2017
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26. Visi?n aristot?lico-tomista de la econom?a

Author: F?nez, Rub?n
Subjects: ARIST?TELES, 384-322 A. DE C, FRAUDE, VALOR DE USO - ASPECTOS ECON?MICOS, VALOR DE CAMBIO - ASPECTOS ECON?MICOS, HURTO, CRITICA E INTERPRETACI?N
Abstract: En el presente trabajo abordamos la visi?n econ?mica tanto de Arist?teles como de Tom?s de Aquino, con el prop?sito de encontrar aquel marco categorial que d? luces a la actual situaci?n econ?mica en la que nos encontramos. Universidad Tecnol?gica de El Salvador
Published: 2016

27. Precise determination of the ratio h / m u : a way to link microscopic mass to the new kilogram

Author: François Biraben, Saïda Guellati-Khélifa, F. Nez, Lucile Julien, Pierre Cladé, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'enseignement Cnam Paris (CNAM Paris), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)
Subjects: Molar mass constant, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Kilogram, General Engineering, Planck constant, 01 natural sciences, Atomic units, 010309 optics, Nuclear physics, symbols.namesake, Theoretical physics, Atomic mass constant, 0103 physical sciences, Avogadro constant, symbols, Atomic recoil, 010306 general physics, Watt balance
Abstract: International audience; The ratio h/m u between the Planck constant and the unified atomic mass constant should have a special status in the framework of the future International System of Units. Currently (before the redefinition), this ratio allows to compare determinations of h (watt balance) and determinations of m u (XRCD method). In the future SI, as the Planck constant h will be fixed, the ratio h/m u will ensure the realization of the new kilogram (quantum kilogram) at the atomic scale. Furthermore as the Avogadro constant will be fixed, the carbon molar mass M(12 C), which will no longer be equal to 12 g · mol −1 , will be determined from m u. This ratio is also a key data for the realization of the kilogram at the macroscopic scale using the XRCD method. In this paper we present the state of the art on experiments that provide the most precise value of the ratio h/m u. We focus on the one based on the measurement of the atomic recoil due to the photon momentum.
Published: 2016

28. Le nouveau Système international d’unités

Author: Patrick Espel, Laurent Pitre, Patrick Pinot, W. Poirier, Félicien Schopfer, Matthieu Thomas, Saïda Guellati-Khélifa, Pierre Cladé, O. Thevenot, Djamel Ziane, Mohamed Sadli, F. Piquemal, S. Djordjevic, L. Julien, and F. Nez
Subjects: General Medicine
Abstract: La 26e Conférence générale des poids et mesures (CGPM) s’est réunie à Versailles du 13 au 16 novembre 2018. Elle a rassemblé les représentants de la plupart des 59 États membres du Bureau international des poids et mesures (BIPM) et des 43 États associés.
Published: 2019

29. Towards a test of the weak equivalence principle of gravity using anti-hydrogen at CERN

Author: D. Banerjee, F. Biraben, M. Charlton, P. Clade, P. Comini, P. Crivelli, O. Dalkarov, P. Debu, L. Dodd, A. Douillet, G. Dufour, P. Dupre, S. Eriksson, P. Froelich, P. Grandemange, S. Guellati, R. Guerout, J. M. Heinrich, P.-A. Hervieux, L. Hilico, A. Husson, P. Indelicato, S. Jonsell, J.-P. Karr, K. Khabarova, S.K. Kim, Y. Kim, N. Kolachevsky, N. Kuroda, A. Lambrecht, A. M. M. Leite, L. Liszkay, P. Lotrus, D. Lunney, N. Madsen, G. Manfredi, B. Mansouli, Y. Matsuda, A. Mohri, G. Mornacchi, V. Nesvizhevsky, F. Nez, P. Perez, C. Regenfus, J.-M. Rey, J.-M. Reymond, J-Y Rousse, S. Reynaud, A. Rubbia, Y. Sacquin, F. Schmidt-Kaler, N. Sillitoe, M. Staszczak, H. Torii, B. Vallage, M. Valdes, D. P. van der Werf, A. Voronin, J. Walz, S. Wolf, S. Wronka, Y. Yamazaki, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB [Collège de France]), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), ILL, Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPhP), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Collège de France (CdF)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Collège de France (CdF), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Free fall, Gravity (chemistry), Particle physics, Physics::General Physics, Antimatter, CERN Lab, Gravity, acceleration measurement, terrestrial gravitational field, free fall acceleration, 01 natural sciences, antihydrogen: acceleration, weak equivalence principle, 010305 fluids & plasmas, particle traps, Atomic measurements, Gravitation, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, hydrogen: ion, Gravitational field, Laser transitions, Atom (measure theory), 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 010306 general physics, Antihydrogen, antihydrogen atom, Physics, Ions, atom, Production, Equivalence principle (geometric), laser, equivalence principle, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], talk: Ottawa 2016/07/10, gravitation: local, hydrogen ions, Cooling
Abstract: International audience; The aim of the GBAR (Gravitational Behavior of Antimatter at Rest) experiment is to measure the free fall acceleration of an antihydrogen atom, in the terrestrial gravitational field at CERN and therefore test the Weak Equivalence Principle with antimatter. The aim is to measure the local gravity with a 1% uncertainty which can be reduced to few parts of 10-3.
Published: 2016

30. High resolution spectroscopy of 1S-3S transition in hydrogen

Author: Hélène Fleurbaey, F. Nez, Lucile Julien, Sandrine Galtier, François Biraben, Pierre Cladé, and Salda Guellati
Subjects: Materials science, Proton, Hydrogen, Laser source, High resolution, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Radius, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, 020401 chemical engineering, chemistry, Charge radius, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic Physics, 0204 chemical engineering, Atomic physics, Spectroscopy
Abstract: The aim of our experiment is to improve the spectroscopy of atomic hydrogen in order to determine the charge radius of the proton. A new continuous laser source at 205 nm allows us to reach a statistical uncertainty of 2.2 kHz on the measurement of the 1S-3S transition frequency. This uncertainty could be sufficient to clarify the proton radius puzzle, however there remain systematic effects that are currently under study.
Published: 2016

31. Laser spectroscopy of muonic deuterium: New contribution to the proton puzzle

Author: Theodor W. Hänsch, E.-O. Le Bigot, J. A. M. Lopes, Marc Diepold, Françoise Mulhauser, D. S. Covita, L.M.P. Fernandes, Th. Graf, João Cardoso, Franz Kottmann, Y. Wei Liu, Tobias Nebel, Lukas A. Schaller, Adolf Giesen, F. D. Amaro, Catherine Schwob, J.F.C.A. Veloso, F. Nez, Satish Dhawan, Livia Ludhova, David Taqqu, François Biraben, Karsten Schuhmann, Aldo Antognini, Paul Rabinowitz, Andrea L. Gouvea, J.M.F. dos Santos, Randolf Pohl, Lucile Julien, Paul E. Knowles, Paul Indelicato, C.M.B. Monteiro, and Andreas Dax
Subjects: Physics, Proton, Nuclear structure, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Lamb shift, Nuclear physics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Rydberg constant, Deuterium, Charge radius, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Exotic atom
Abstract: We report the first laser spectroscopy of muonic deuterium. At the Paul Scherrer Institute, we have measured the frequency of the 2S-2P Lamb shift in muonic deuterium. As in the case of the muonic hydrogen, the observed lines are shifted from the theoretical predictions. Thanks to improved new QED and nuclear structure calculations, an accurate determination of the deuteron radius can be extracted from our study. This determination will give a new and important input to the proton size puzzle.
Published: 2016
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32. Illuminating the proton radius conundrum: the μHe+ Lamb shiftThis paper was presented at the International Conference on Precision Physics of Simple Atomic Systems, held at École de Physique, les Houches, France, 30 May – 4 June, 2010

Author: J.M.F. dos Santos, L. Julien, A. Voss, F. Nez, Andreas Dax, Theodor W. Hänsch, Paul Indelicato, João Cardoso, François Biraben, L.M.P. Fernandes, F. Mulhauser, Andrea L. Gouvea, J.F.C.A. Veloso, Randolf Pohl, K. Schuhmann, Yi-Wei Liu, Klaus Kirch, Tobias Nebel, Aldo Antognini, Malte Hildebrandt, D. S. Covita, Th. Graf, D. Taqqu, F. Kottmann, and C.M.B. Monteiro
Subjects: Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Ab initio, General Physics and Astronomy, Radius, Polarization (waves), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Charged particle, Lamb shift, Nuclear physics, Charge radius, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Hyperfine structure
Abstract: We plan to measure several 2S–2P transition frequencies in μ4He+ and μ3He+ by means of laser spectroscopy with an accuracy of 50 ppm. This will lead to a determination of the corresponding nuclear rms charge radii with a relative accuracy of 3 × 10−4, limited by the uncertainty of the nuclear polarization contribution. First, these measurements will help to solve the proton radius puzzle. Second, these very precise nuclear radii are benchmarks for ab initio few-nucleon theories and potentials. Finally when combined with an ongoing measurement of the 1S–2S transition in He+, these measurements will lead to an enhanced bound-state QED test of the 1S Lamb shift in He+.
Published: 2011

33. The GBAR antimatter gravity experiment

Author: André Rubbia, D. G. Brook-Roberge, D. P. van der Werf, François Biraben, Sebastian Wolf, Gabriel Dufour, J.-M. Reymond, C. Regenfus, P. Dupre, F. Nez, Niels Madsen, Paolo Crivelli, Nikolai N. Kolachevsky, Serge Reynaud, Piotr Froelich, Ferdinand Schmidt-Kaler, C. I. Szabo-Foster, Alexei Voronin, Laszlo Liszkay, Bruno Mansoulie, Yasuyuki Nagashima, Y. Sacquin, P. Comini, Stefan Eriksson, K. Khabarova, H. A. Torii, S. Guellati, A. Mohri, Naofumi Kuroda, O. D. Dalkarov, A. Douillet, B. Vallage, Yasuyuki Matsuda, Jean-Philippe Karr, S. Wronka, A. M. M. Leite, Johannes Heinrich, D. Banerjee, M. Charlton, Paul Indelicato, Yasunori Yamazaki, Astrid Lambrecht, Romain Guérout, Giovanni Manfredi, T. Mortensen, Jochen Walz, P. Clade, Valery Nesvizhevsky, David Lunney, P. Grandemange, A. Husson, Svante Jonsell, M. Staszczak, P. Perez, Nicolas Sillitoe, M. Valdes, Laurent Hilico, Jean-Michel Rey, Paul-Antoine Hervieux, and P. Debu
Subjects: Free fall, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Hydrogen, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, chemistry.chemical_element, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Positronium, Nuclear physics, Gravitation, chemistry, Gravitational field, Antiproton, 13. Climate action, Antimatter, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic Physics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Antihydrogen
Abstract: The GBAR project (Gravitational Behaviour of Anti hydrogen at Rest) at CERN, aims to measure the free fall acceleration of ultracold neutral anti hydrogen atoms in the terrestrial gravitational field. The experiment consists preparing anti hydrogen ions (one antiproton and two positrons) and sympathetically cooling them with Be (+) ions to less than 10 mu K. The ultracold ions will then be photo-ionized just above threshold, and the free fall time over a known distance measured. We will describe the project, the accuracy that can be reached by standard techniques, and discuss a possible improvement to reduce the vertical velocity spread.
Published: 2015

34. Emulsion detectors for the antihydrogen detection in AEgIS

Author: Paolo Crivelli, M. Staszczak, Niels Madsen, Laszlo Liszkay, K. Khabarova, D. Lunney, R. Guérout, J.-M. Reymond, F. Nez, S. Guellati, Jean-Philippe Karr, Stefan Eriksson, François Biraben, Yasuyuki Nagashima, D. Banerjee, P. Grandemange, Ferdinand Schmidt-Kaler, A. Voronin, Gabriel Dufour, S. Wolf, A Douillet, S. Wronka, Giovanni Manfredi, M. Charlton, Pierre Cladé, Johannes Heinrich, Y. Sacquin, D. G. Brook-Roberge, Piotr Froelich, A. Mohri, O.D. Dalkarov, Serge Reynaud, A. Husson, Naofumi Kuroda, Paul Indelicato, Svante Jonsell, André Rubbia, Valery Nesvizhevsky, T. Mortensen, Bruno Mansoulie, M. Valdes, Jean-Michel Rey, D. P. van der Werf, Astrid Lambrecht, Paul-Antoine Hervieux, P. Dupre, Amm Leite, P. Debu, C. I. Szabo-Foster, P. Comini, Nikolai N. Kolachevsky, Yasunori Yamazaki, Yasuyuki Matsuda, Jochen Walz, C. Regenfus, H. A. Torii, Laurent Hilico, Nicolas Sillitoe, P. Perez, and B. Vallage
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Detector, Emulsion, Antihydrogen
Published: 2015

35. Towards an absolute measurement of the 1S3S line in atomic hydrogen

Author: François Biraben, Catherine Schwob, O Arnoult, F. Nez, and L. Julien
Subjects: Physics, Hydrogen, Measure (physics), General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Laser, law.invention, Lamb shift, chemistry, Two-photon excitation microscopy, law, Atomic physics, Spectroscopy, Excitation, Line (formation)
Abstract: For very high-precision spectroscopy such as the two photon 1SnS transitions in hydrogen, the ability to measure precisely the absolute frequency of the excitation laser is required together with the best possible signal-to-noise ratio for the fluorescence signal. In the context of our experiment on the 1S3S transition, we present the specificities of our optical frequency comb apparatus, as well as a new detection scheme that makes use of the spatial information provided by a CCD camera detector.PACS No.: 39.30.+w
Published: 2005

36. Multipass cavity for efficient transverse illumination of an elongated volume

Author: J. Vogelsang, M. Diepold, A. Antognini, A. Dax, J. Gxf6tzfried, T.W. Hxe4nsch, F. Kottmann, J.J. Krauth, Y.-W. Liu, T. Nebel, F. Nez, K. Schuhmann, D. Taqqu and R. Pohl
Published: 2014

37. [Untitled]

Author: J.F.C.A. Veloso, Satish Dhawan, Randolf Pohl, David Taqqu, F. Nez, Wolfgang Schott, Lukas A. Schaller, Yi-Wei Liu, Hubert Schneuwly, L. Julien, Paul E. Knowles, F. J. Hartmann, Paul Indelicato, C.A.N. Conde, Franz Kottmann, J.M.F. dos Santos, Paul Rabinowitz, W. Amir, S. Kazamias, O. Huot, F. Mulhauser, Theodor W. Hänsch, François Biraben, and V. W. Hughes
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Proton, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Lamb shift, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Root mean square, Charge radius, law, Physics::Atomic Physics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic physics, Spectroscopy, Lepton
Abstract: A measurement of the 2S Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen (µ − p) is being prepared at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI). The goal of the experiment is to measure the energy difference �E( 2 5 P3/2 − 2 3 S1/2) by laser spectroscopy (λ ≈ 6µm) to a precision of 30 ppm and to deduce the root mean square (rms) proton charge radius with 10 −3 relative accuracy, 20 times more precise than presently known. An important prerequisite to this experiment is the availability of long-lived µp2S -atoms. A 2S- lifetime of ∼1 µs - sufficiently long to perform the laser experiment - at H2 gas pressures of 1-2 hPa was deduced from recent measurements of the collisional 2S-quenching rate. A new low-energy negative muon beam yields an order of magnitude more muon stops in a small low-density gas volume than a conventional cloud muon beam. A stack of ultra-thin carbon foils is the key element of a fast detector for keV-muons. The development of a 2 keV X-ray detector and a 3-stage laser system providing 0.5 mJ laser pulses at 6 µ mi s on the way.
Published: 2001

38. [Untitled]

Author: Randolf Pohl, F. Trehin, Wolfgang Schott, O. Huot, Yi-Wei Liu, C. Petitjean, Paul E. Knowles, J.M.F. dos Santos, F. J. Hartmann, Hubert Schneuwly, L. M. Simons, C.A.N. Conde, V. W. Hughes, P. Hauser, David Taqqu, Françoise Mulhauser, Franz Kottmann, Theodor W. Hänsch, François Biraben, Paul Rabinowitz, J.F.C.A. Veloso, F. Nez, Paul Indelicato, and Lukas A. Schaller
Subjects: Physics, Muon, Proton, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, chemistry.chemical_element, Laser, law.invention, Lamb shift, Root mean square, Laser linewidth, Xenon, chemistry, law, Charge radius, Atomic physics
Abstract: The contribution of the root mean square (RMS) proton charge radius to the Lamb shift (2S–2P energy difference) in muonic hydrogen (μp) amounts to 2%. Apart from the uncertainty on this charge radius, theory predicts the Lamb shift with a precision on the ppm level. We are going to measure ΔE (2 S1/2(F=1)–2 P3/2(F=2)) in a laser resonance experiment to a precision of 30 ppm (i.e., 10% of the natural linewidth) and to deduce the RMS proton charge radius with 10−3 relative accuracy, 20 times more precise than presently known. The most important requirement for the feasibility of such an experiment, namely the availability of a sufficient amount of long lived metastable μp atoms in the 2S state, has been investigated in a recent experiment at PSI. Our analysis shows that in the order of one percent of all muons stopped in low pressure hydrogen gas form a long lived μp(2S) with a lifetime of the order of 1 μs. The technical realization of our experiment involves a new high intensity low energy muon beam, an efficient low energy muon entrance detector, a randomly triggered 3 stage laser system providing the 0.5 mJ, 7 ns laser pulses at 6.02 μm wavelength, and a combination of a xenon gas proportional scintillation chamber (GPSC) and a microstrip gas chamber (MSGC) with a CsI coated surface to detect the 2 keV X rays from theμp(2P → 1S) transition.
Published: 2000

39. Optical Frequency Measurement of the2S−12DTransitions in Hydrogen and Deuterium: Rydberg Constant and Lamb Shift Determinations

Author: C. Schwob, L. Jozefowski, B. de Beauvoir, L. Hilico, F. Nez, L. Julien, F. Biraben, O. Acef, J.-J. Zondy, and A. Clairon
Subjects: Physics, Rydberg constant, Hydrogen, chemistry, Deuterium, Optical frequencies, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Atomic physics, Lamb shift
Abstract: We have performed a pure optical frequency measurement of the $2S\ensuremath{-}12D$ two-photon transitions in atomic hydrogen and deuterium. From a complete analysis taking into account this result and all other precise measurements (by ourselves and other authors), we deduce optimized values for the Rydberg constant, ${R}_{\ensuremath{\infty}}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}109737.31568516(84){\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ (relative uncertainty of $7.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}$) and for the $1S$ and $2S$ Lamb shifts ${L}_{1S}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}8172.837(22)\mathrm{MHz}$ and ${L}_{2S\ensuremath{-}2P}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1057.8446(29)\mathrm{MHz}$ [respectively, ${L}_{1S}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}8183.966(22)\mathrm{MHz}$, and ${L}_{2S\ensuremath{-}2P}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1059.2337(29)\mathrm{MHz}$ for deuterium]. These are now the most accurate values available.
Published: 1999

40. Frequency measurement of the two-photon transition in rubidium

Author: Ouali Acef, Laurent Hilico, F. Biraben, B. de Beauvoir, André Clairon, D. Touahri, R. Felder, Jean Jacques Zondy, and F. Nez
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Resolution (electron density), chemistry.chemical_element, Resonance, 5S, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, Rubidium, Optics, chemistry, Two-photon excitation microscopy, law, Frequency synthesis, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, business, Diode
Abstract: We have measured the frequencies of three diode lasers stabilized on the 5 S 1 2 (F = 3)−5 D 5 2 (F = 5) two-photon transition in rubidium at λ = 778.1 nm, with an uncertainty of 1 kHz, using BNM-LPTF frequency synthesis chain starting from a CO 2 OsO 4 reference laser at 10.3 μm. We show that this frequency chain is able to reach the 10−13 resolution level. After a discussion of the systematic effects that may shift the resonance, the transition frequency is found to be ν = 385 285 142 378.280 ± 2 kHz.
Published: 1997

41. The Gbar project, or how does antimatter fall?

Author: M. Staszczak, Jean-Michel Rey, J. Trapateau, Laszlo Liszkay, Paul Indelicato, Paul-Antoine Hervieux, Romain Guérout, Vladimir Manea, P. Debu, B. Rossi, Serge Reynaud, V.-Q. Tran, A. Douillet, P. Perez, A. Mohri, H. A. Torii, Jean-Philippe Karr, F. Nez, François Biraben, Alexei Voronin, S. Guellati, Laurent Hilico, P.Froelich, Jochen Walz, B. Vallage, D. Lunney, P. Dupre, A. Badertscher, Sebastian Wolf, Giovanni Manfredi, Astrid Lambrecht, A. Marchionni, M. Charlton, Paolo Crivelli, Y. Sacquin, P. Grandemange, Pierre Cladé, Naofumi Kuroda, N. Ruiz, S. Wronka, P. Comini, A. Curioni, Stefan Eriksson, Csilla I. Szabo, Yasunori Yamazaki, G. Chardin, B. Reymond, Gabriel Dufour, Bruno Mansoulie, Valery Nesvizhevsky, Niels Madsen, Ferdinand Schmidt-Kaler, D. G. Brook-Roberge, André Rubbia, D. P. van der Werf, Yasuyuki Nagashima, CSNSM SNO, Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département des Accélérateurs, de Cryogénie et de Magnétisme (ex SACM) (DACM), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris 06, Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Uppsala Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Uppsala, SWEDEN, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)
Subjects: Free fall, IONS, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Sympathetic cooling, Physics::General Physics, ANTIHYDROGEN, MASS, ACCELERATION, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 7. Clean energy, Gravitation, Nuclear physics, ATOMS, Gravitational field, GRAVITY, Quantum mechanics, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Physics::Atomic Physics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Antihydrogen, Physics, Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, [PHYS]Physics [physics], SPECTROSCOPY, PLASMA, FIELD Free fall, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Antiproton, Antimatter, Weak equivalence principle, ANTIGRAVITY, Quantum reflection
Abstract: International audience; The Einstein classical Weak Equivalence Principle states that the trajectory of a particle is independent of its composition and internal structure when it is only submitted to gravitational forces. This fundamental principle has never been directly tested with antimatter. However, theoretical models such as supergravity may contain components inducing repulsive gravity, thus violating this principle. The GBAR project (Gravitational Behaviour of Antihydrogen at Rest) proposes to measure the free fall acceleration of ultracold neutral antihydrogen atoms in the terrestrial gravitational field. The experiment consists in preparing antihydrogen ions (one antiproton and two positrons) and sympathetically cool them with Be+ ions to a few 10 mu K. The ultracold ions will then be photoionized just above threshold, and the free-fall time over a known distance measured. In this work, the GBAR project is described as well as possible improvements that use quantum reflection of antihydrogen on surfaces to use quantum methods of measurements.
Published: 2013

42. High Resolution Spectroscopy of the Hydrogen Atom: Determination of the1SLamb Shift

Author: S. Bourzeix, B. de Beauvoir, M. D. Plimmer, D. N. Stacey, F. Nez, F. de Tomasi, Lucile Julien, and F. Biraben
Subjects: Physics, Proton, Photon emission, General Physics and Astronomy, High resolution, Hydrogen atom, Atomic physics, Spectroscopy, Lamb shift
Abstract: We have measured the 1{ital S} Lamb shift by comparing the frequencies of the 1{ital S}{sub 1/2}-3{ital S}{sub 1/2} and 2{ital S}{sub 1/2}-6{ital S}{sub 1/2} or 2{ital S}{sub 1/2}-6{ital D}{sub 5/2} two-photon transitions. Our result is 8172.798 (46) MHz. It is the most precise yet reported and is consistent with the larger existing proton radius measurement of {ital r}{sub {ital p}}=0.862(12)fm. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Published: 1996

43. Theory of the 2S\u20132P Lamb shift and 2S hyperfine splitting in muonic hydrogen

Author: A. Antognini, F. Kottmann, F. Biraben, P. INdelicato, F. Nez and R. Pohl
Published: 2012

44. The Lamb-shift experiment in Muonic helium

Author: T. Nebel, F. D. Amaro, A. Antognini, F. Biraben, J. M. R. Cardoso, D. S. Covita, A. Dax, L. M. P. Fernandes, A. L. Gouvea, T. Graf, T. W. Hänsch, M. Hildebrandt, P. Indelicato, L. Julien, K. Kirch, F. Kottmann, Y. -W. Liu, C. M. B. Monteiro, F. Nez, J. M. F. dos Santos, K. Schuhmann, D. Taqqu, J. F. C. A. Veloso, A. Voss, and R. Pohl
Published: 2012

45. Narrow‐line, low‐amplitude noise semiconductor laser oscillator in the 780 nm range

Author: Laurent Hilico, F. Nez, André Clairon, and D. Touahri
Subjects: Materials science, Laser diode, Relative intensity noise, business.industry, Shot noise, Injection seeder, Self-pulsation, law.invention, Laser linewidth, Optics, Quantum dot laser, law, Optoelectronics, business, Instrumentation, Tunable laser
Abstract: We present a narrow‐band and low‐intensity noise laser oscillator around 780 nm built from a commercially available laser diode. We have stabilized the frequency of two extended cavity diode lasers on the same high finesse Fabry–Perot cavity using a wide‐band electronic feedback loop. We have reduced the relative linewidth of the two lasers down to 570 Hz and strongly concentrated their energy: 95% in a relative bandwidth smaller than 10 kHz. The intensity noise of this device corresponds to the shot noise for Fourier frequencies larger than a few megaHertz.
Published: 1994

46. Optical frequency determination of the hyperfine components of the two-photon transitions in rubidium

Author: R. Felder, F. Nez, Y. Millerioux, and F. Biraben
Subjects: Physics, business.industry, chemistry.chemical_element, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Coincidence, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Rubidium, law.invention, Optics, chemistry, Two-photon excitation microscopy, Optical frequencies, law, Visible range, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic physics, business, Hyperfine structure, Line (formation)
Abstract: An absolute optical frequency measurement is made of the hyperfine components of the 5S 1 2 -5D 3 2 two-photon transitions in rubidium with an uncertainty of 1.3×10-11. This is carried out in a simple way by taking advantage of the near coincidence between the two-photon frequency at λ=778 nm in Rb and the frequency difference of two HeNe lasers, stabilized respectively to an iodine line at λ=633 nm and a methane transition at λ=3.39 μm used as reference. This measurement provides a new optical frequency reference in the visible range.
Published: 1993

47. Efficient frequency doubling of a continuous wave titanium: sapphire laser in an external enhancement cavity

Author: M. D. Plimmer, F. Nez, Lucile Julien, F. Biraben, and S. Bourzeix
Subjects: Materials science, Sideband, business.industry, Ti:sapphire laser, Second-harmonic generation, Ring laser, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, chemistry, Solid-state laser, law, Continuous wave, Lithium triborate, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, business
Abstract: A Ti: sapphire ring laser capable of providing 1.4 W of single mode output at 800 mn with 10 W of Ar+ pump power is developed. The short term frequency stability of order 2 KHz is assured with an external cavity to which the laser is locked using an FM sideband method. The long term stability is assured with a second, very stable cavity and is of order of ±5 kHz. Thanks to efficient second harmonic generation, we have extended the spectral range of the laser to the violet region. For an incident fundamental power at 820 nm of 1.9 W, we have obtained as much as 410 mW of light at 410 nm using a LBO crystal placed in an external resonator.
Published: 1993

48. Towards a frequency measurement of the Rydberg constant using the 2S-8S and 2S-8D transitions of hydrogen

Author: Patrick Juncar, M.D. Plimmer, L. Julien, B. Cagnac, François Biraben, S. Bourzeix, F. Nez, R. Felder, and Y. Millerioux
Subjects: Physics, Hydrogen, chemistry.chemical_element, Metrology, Rydberg constant, Chain (algebraic topology), chemistry, Rydberg atom, Physics::Atomic Physics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Atomic physics, Instrumentation, Hydrogen spectral series, Fabry–Pérot interferometer
Abstract: A very precise measurement of the Rydberg constant is performed using a direct-frequency comparison of the 2S-8S and 2S-8D two-photon transitions in atomic hydrogen with the difference of two optical standards connected to a frequency chain. >
Published: 1993

49. Precise frequency measurement of the 2S-8S/8Dtranstions in atomic hydrogen: New determination of the Rydberg constant

Author: Ouali Acef, André Clairon, F. Nez, S. Bourzeix, P. Laurent, Y. Millerioux, L. Julien, Jean Jacques Zondy, Patrick Juncar, F. Biraben, M. Abed, M. D. Plimmer, and R. Felder
Subjects: Physics, Hydrogen, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Laser, Molecular electronic transition, law.invention, Rydberg constant, chemistry, law, Atomic electron transition, Rydberg state, Atomic physics, Constant (mathematics), Hydrogen spectral series
Abstract: We have measured the Rydberg constant by frequency comparison of the three transitions 2S 1/2 -8S 1/2 , 2S 1/2 -8D 3/2 , and 2S 1/2 -8D 5/2 in hydrogen with the difference of two optical standards, the methane-stabilized He-Ne laser and the iodine-stabilized He-Ne laser. The frequency of the iodine-stabilized He-Ne laser has been remeasured. The new value for the Rydberg constant, R ∞=109 737.315 6830(31) cm -1 , is currently the most precise available
Published: 1992

50. Hyperfine structure of the A 3Π1 state of IBr

Author: F. Nez, Lucile Julien, F. Biraben, J. Vigué, and D. Jasmin
Subjects: Physics, Absorption spectroscopy, business.industry, State (functional analysis), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Spectral line, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Optics, Quadrupole, Molecule, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Atomic physics, business, Magnetic dipole, Hyperfine structure
Abstract: We have recorded saturated absorption spectra of the A 3 Π 1 (ν=13)→ X 1 Σ + (ν'=3) transition in 127I79Br. The hyperfine structures of the Q(50) and Q(60) lines at 776.4 and 777.8 nm have been measured and fitted. The theoretical intensities of the hyperfine components have been calculated and synthetic spectra generated, in good agreement with the experimental ones. The magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole hyperfine constants in the upper state 3Π1 (A') have been deduced: CI=544.5 (17.6) MHz, CBr=129.3 (14.4) MHz, eQqI=-1470.4 (4.4) MHz and eQqBr=570.1 (2.7) MHz.
Published: 1992

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