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We report the case of a 43-years-old Turkish man with acquired deficiency of factor V (FV) diagnosed in a usual screening before a (recto) colonoscopy. In the biologic explorations, activated partial prothrombin time (APTT) was abnormally high and prothrombin time (PT) was low 18 IU/dL with no anticoagulant drugs (the PT was normal 6 months ago). The controlled level of factor V was 3 IU/dL with FV antibodies (9 Bethesda Units/mL). This patient had a previous history of primary sclerosing cholangitis (2000) and ulcero haemorrhagic rectocolitis (2002) and a fortuitous biological Biermer's disease was revealed. Corticosteroids were prescribed at 1 mg/kg/day with decreasing during 6 months, patient had gradual regression of the caused bleeding and FV became greater than 90%, F V antibodies decreased to less than 0.7 Bethesda Units/mL. This case illustrates the presence of FV inhibitor in an autoimmune gastrointestinal context with regression of clinical (caused) signs and antibodies with corticosteroids.

We report the case of a French woman with acquired von Willebrand syndrome who presents recurrent subarachnoid and intra-cerebral hemorrhage since 2012. She had no family or personal bleeding history. In the biologic explorations, APTT was abnormally high with no anticoagulant drugs (it was normal, historically). Two monoclonal IgG and IgM kappa proteins were detected without any lymphoproliferative disorder. Intravenous infusion of immunoglobulin is very effective in AVWS with immunoglobulin G monoclonal gammapathie of undetermined significance. We had a satisfactory correction of coagulation factors for about 30 days. The exploration of APTT is surely essential for the diagnosis and treatment.

Resume Plusieurs enquetes (ESCAPAD…) s’accordent sur la consommation d’alcool precoce, excessive et repetee des adolescents. Les equipes d’urgences sont souvent confrontees a ce binge drinking . D’apres la National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), il s’agit de la prise d’au moins 4 verres chez la fille et d’au moins 5 verres chez le garcon sur une duree tres courte. Notre objectif est de reperer chez les jeunes les conduites a risque liees a une consommation d’alcool. Dans un premier temps, au CHU de Bordeaux, nous avons propose une etude quantitative concernant les specificites du rapport a l’alcool chez les 11–20 ans (mode, pratique, espace, temps, compagnie, motifs, consequences…). Etaient considerees comme conduites a risque : des hospitalisations anterieures similaires, rixes, accidents de la voie publique, traumatismes lie aux chutes, agressions physiques, sexuelles, tentatives de suicide. Dans un second temps, par un entretien psychologique de recherche, nous avons approfondi le theme. Nous notons des consequences traumatiques liees a l’alcool, en particulier pour les jeunes hommes. Les jeunes alcoolises sont exposes a des risques ayant des consequences a court terme (traumatologie, bagarre, tentative de suicide…) et a moyen et long terme (alcoolo-dependance, difficultes scolaires, familiales…), dans leur espace prive ou public. Par ailleurs, l’alcoolisation massive s’avere un acte pubertaire, cherchant des limites, tant dans la relation au corps qu’aux autres, aux parents, a la societe. Elle peut aussi etre rattachee a des souffrances individuelles (violence, separation…). Ces jeunes necessitent une orientation particuliere lors de leur passage aux urgences.

Resume Le syndrome de Kounis est un syndrome coronarien aigu (SCA) survenant dans un contexte d’allergie. Le 2 janvier 2014, sur l’Ile de la Reunion, un patient pique au pied par un insecte rampant est victime d’un SCA ST+ complique de troubles du rythme avec arret cardiorespiratoire. Il beneficie d’une thrombolyse pre-hospitaliere. La coronarographie met en evidence une lesion coronarienne pre-existante ; il pourrait s’agir d’un syndrome de Kounis de type 2, avec lesions coronaires quiescentes. Nous resumons ici les differents types de syndrome de Kounis, leur physiopathologie et les specificites de leur prise en charge. Devant ce syndrome peu connu et de diagnostic difficile, nous soulignons l’importance d’un interrogatoire precis, lors de la prise en charge d’une douleur thoracique afin de mettre en evidence un eventuel contact avec des allergenes ; et de realiser un ECG systematique a chaque patient presentant une reaction allergique. Afin de completer le bilan de ce type de syndrome, il serait opportun de realiser un dosage des differents marqueurs de l’anaphylaxie.

Background Cognitive impairment is frequent in multiple sclerosis (MS), affecting approximately 40 to 70% of patients. We developed a psycho-educational program (ADACOG program) to allow patients to cope with cognitive deficits. The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the impact of the ADACOG program on subjective self-reported cognitive impairments, quality of life, anxiety, depression and self-esteem in MS patients. Methods ADACOG program is a psycho-educational program focusing on cognitive and emotional dysfunctions in MS consisting of three modules in small groups lasting two hours every two weeks. Forty-five MS patients with self-reported cognitive impairments and objective cognitive deficits were enrolled consecutively in two groups: (i) the ADACOG group (N = 24) and (ii) the control group (N = 21). Both groups of patients completed questionnaires evaluating self-reported cognitive impairments (Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Screening Questionnaire), quality of life (Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HAD) and self-esteem (Rosenberg Scale) at inclusion (M0), one month later (M1) and seven months after inclusion (M7). The evolution of outcomes within ADACOG group and between both groups was analyzed. Results The analyses within the ADACOG group showed that patients reported better quality of life and fewer anxiety symptoms at M1 compared to M0 (respectively P = 0.03 and P = 0,04). Moreover, patients presented less subjective self-reported cognitive deficits at M7 compared to M0 (P = 0.003). Score evolution for HAD depression and self-esteem were not significant within the ADACOG group. The change M1-M0 for MSIS-29 and HAD anxiety scores was significantly different between both groups (respectively P = 0.04 and P = 0.008), with improvement of quality of life and anxiety in the ADACOG group. The evolution of scores between groups was not significant for the other outcomes. Discussion This study showed a small effect of a psycho-educational program focusing on cognitive and emotional disorders in MS patients with subjective self-reported cognitive deficits and objective cognitive deficits. Interest of psycho-education focusing on cognition in MS patients is discussed.

Background Omega-5 gliadins are a group of highly repetitive gluten proteins in wheat flour encoded on the 1B chromosome of hexaploid wheat. These proteins are the major sensitizing allergens in a severe form of food allergy called wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA). The elimination of omega-5 gliadins from wheat flour through biotechnology or breeding approaches could reduce the immunogenic potential and adverse health effects of the flour. Results A mutant line missing low-molecular weight glutenin subunits encoded at the Glu-B3 locus was selected previously from a doubled haploid population generated from two Korean wheat cultivars. Analysis of flour from the mutant line by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with tandem mass spectrometry revealed that the omega-5 gliadins and several gamma gliadins encoded by the closely linked Gli-B1 locus were also missing as a result of a deletion of at least 5.8 Mb of chromosome 1B. Two-dimensional immunoblot analysis of flour proteins using sera from WDEIA patients showed reduced IgE reactivity in the mutant relative to the parental lines due to the absence of the major omega-5 gliadins. However, two minor proteins showed strong reactivity to patient sera in both the parental and the mutant lines and also reacted with a monoclonal antibody against omega-5 gliadin. Analysis of the two minor reactive proteins by mass spectrometry revealed that both proteins correspond to omega-5 gliadin genes encoded on chromosome 1D that were thought previously to be pseudogenes. Conclusions While breeding approaches can be used to reduce the levels of the highly immunogenic omega-5 gliadins in wheat flour, these approaches are complicated by the genetic linkage of different classes of gluten protein genes and the finding that omega-5 gliadins may be encoded on more than one chromosome. The work illustrates the importance of detailed knowledge about the genomic regions harboring the major gluten protein genes in individual wheat cultivars for future efforts aimed at reducing the immunogenic potential of wheat flour. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-018-1506-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Introduction Le ble constitue une part importante du regime alimentaire pour des millions de personnes. Cependant certains individus presentent des pathologies liees au ble parmi lesquelles l’allergie alimentaire au ble. Le gluten, et plus particulierement les gliadines, compte parmi les allergenes responsables de cette affection. Le ble est toujours consomme apres des traitements thermiques qui sont connus pour modifier les structures proteiques ; cette etape de transformation peut modifier l’accessibilite des epitopes ou entrainer leur disparition. Notre objectif est d’etudier les effets du chauffage et de la digestion sur les gliadines (GN) et sur leur capacite a maintenir leur potentiel allergenique apres franchissement de la barriere intestinale. Methodes Les tailles des proteines obtenues apres traitement (chauffees et chauffees/digerees) ont ete analysees par diffusion de la lumiere (LLS) et chromatographie RP-HPLC. Leur capacite de liaison aux IgE a ete evaluee par dot-blot avec des serums de patients allergiques au ble. Afin de mieux caracteriser leur aptitude a traverser la barriere intestinale et par la suite a induire la degranulation des mastocytes, deux modeles cellulaires in vitro, Caco-2 et RBL-SX38, ont ete combines. Resultats Le traitement thermique des GN induit la production d’agregats de taille micrometrique qui sont peu reconnus par les IgE des patients. Une courte hydrolyse par la pepsine permet de demasquer certains epitopes et de retablir une reconnaissance des gliadines par les IgE en dot-blot, mais pas leur capacite a induire la degranulation des cellules RBL. Cependant, les proteines natives et traitees sont capables de traverser la monocouche de cellules Caco-2 et ce passage permet aux gliadines chauffees et chauffees hydrolysees de recuperer partiellement leur aptitude a stimuler les RBL. Conclusion Notre etude montre que l’association des Caco-2 avec le test de degranulation avec les RBL-SX38 permet d’etudier les effets du chauffage et de la digestion sur les allergenes. Ce modele pourrait etre applique dans le cadre de l’evaluation des risques, pour evaluer l’allergenicite residuelle des proteines apres traitement.

Introduction Les omega5-gliadines sont les allergenes les mieux documentes pour le diagnostic de l’AIE au ble. Cependant, certains patients ne possedent pas d’IgE specifiques de ces proteines et l’implication d’autres allergenes est suggeree. La grande complexite de la composition en proteines de la farine de ble complique la caracterisation exhaustive de ses allergenes au niveau moleculaire ; au sein d’une seule variete de ble, on denombre en effet plus d’une centaine de proteines. L’analyse par immunoblot apres separation des proteines par electrophorese bidimensionnelle permet de visualiser ce polymorphisme naturel et d’observer la diversite des constituants lies par les IgE des patients. Methodes La reactivite des IgE de 26 serums de patients adultes avec une AIE au ble a ete analysee en Elisa vis-a-vis de fractions proteiques purifiees. Pour 11 de ces serums, nous avons realise des immunoblots apres separation par electrophorese 2D des proteines totales ou des proteines solubles de la variete americaine de ble tendre Butte 86. La caracterisation des allergenes lies par les IgE est facilitee par l’existence d’une carte proteomique, donnant l’identification par spectrometrie de masse des principales proteines de cette variete. Resultats Comme attendu, 70 % des serums reagissaient fortement avec les omega5-gliadines en Elisa et reconnaissaient plusieurs spots correspondant a ces proteines en immunoblot 2D. Ces reponses etaient souvent accompagnees en blot (et plus rarement en Elisa) par la reconnaissance d’alpha-gliadines et de certaines sous-unites de glutenines de faible PM. Vingt pour cent des serums des patients avec AIE au ble n’avaient pas d’IgE specifiques des omega5-gliadines et reagissaient en Elisa vis-a-vis de la LTP. Les autres serums ont montre des reactivites tres differentes et variees : reponses predominantes vis-a-vis des alpha-gliadines, reconnaissance specifiques des sous-unites glutenines de haut PM, reconnaissance specifique de plusieurs proteines de la fraction albumines/globulines (inhibiteurs d’alpha-amylase et peroxidases…). Conclusion Ces resultats soulignent la complexite des reponses IgE observees dans l’AIE au ble.

The goal of the study was to evaluate the effect of the machining conditions on the sulfide stress cracking (SSC) resistance of carbon steel. The paper presents the results obtained on two different carbon steel grades machined in conditions generating different surface residual stresses and correlates the stress state with the SSC resistance determined according to NACE TM0177 method A.

Summary Background At present, B cell epitopes involved in food allergy to wheat are known only for a few allergens and a few categories of patients. Objective To characterize the epitopes of different wheat kernel allergens: α-, γ, ω2, and ω5-gliadin, a low-molecular-weight (LMW) glutenin subunit, and a lipid transfer protein (LTP1) recognized by allergic patients and by sensitized mice and provide further understanding of the role of structure in determining allergic response. Methods Sera were obtained from 39 patients suffering from food allergy to wheat. BALB/c mice were sensitized to gliadins or LTP1 by intraperitoneal immunizations. Continuous epitopes bound by IgE were delineated by the Pepscan technique. The response to reduced, alkylated LTP1 was compared with that of the native form to evaluate the importance of protein folding on IgE reactivity. Results Few continuous epitopes of LTP1 reacted with IgE from allergic patients and mice, but one of them was common to several patients and sensitized mice. The unfolded protein was not recognized by either patient or mouse IgE, emphasizing the major role of LTP1 folding and discontinuous epitopes in IgE-binding. In contrast, many continuous epitopes were detected by patient and mouse IgE especially for an ω5-gliadin, which is an unstructured protein, and to a lesser extent, for the other gliadins and a LMW-glutenin subunit. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance The conformation of LTP1 appeared to have a strong impact on the type of IgE-binding epitopes elicited by this protein in both man and mouse. The responses in mice sensitized to gliadins or LTP1 were sufficiently comparable with the human response in terms of IgE-binding epitopes to provide support for the use of the mouse model in further investigations. Cite this as: S. Denery-Papini, M. Bodinier, F. Pineau, S. Triballeau, O. Tranquet, K. Adel-Patient, D.A. Moneret-Vautrin, B. Bakan, D. Marion, T. Mothes, H. Mameri and D. Kasarda, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2011 (41) 1478–1492.

Resume Objectif Le but de cette etude est d’estimer l’exposition au benzene chez les employes de stations-service, les citernistes et les personnels de depots. Materiels et methodes Deux campagnes de mesures ont ete menees, 158 salaries de 24 stations-service et huit depots representatifs du parc francais ont ete inclus dans la premiere etude, 74 salaries de trois depots dans la seconde. Chaque salarie volontaire a beneficie d’une evaluation de son exposition au benzene par un dosage individuel de benzene atmospherique et par un dosage urinaire en fin de poste d’acide trans,trans -muconique urinaire (t,t-MA). Le poste de travail exact de chaque sujet a ete precise ainsi que le tabagisme. Resultats Pour la premiere campagne, 158 sujets ont ete inclus, 146 prelevements atmospheriques etaient exploitables ; 154 dosages urinaires en fin de poste ont ete realises. Dans les stations-service, sur les 109 dosages de benzene atmospherique exploitables, 97 (81 %) etaient inferieurs a la limite de quantification (LQ = 0,07 mg/m 3 ), (mediane 3 ; etendue : 3 ). Sur 114 dosages de t,t-MA urinaire realises en fin de poste, 85 (75 %) etaient en dessous de la limite de detection (LD = 0,02 mg/l). La mediane etait inferieure a la LD (etendue : 3 , la mediane de 0,15 mg/m 3 (etendue : 3 ). De plus, sur les 40 prelevements de t,t-MA realises, 34 (85 %) etaient en dessous du seuil de detection. La mediane etait donc inferieure a la LD (etendue : 3 (etendue : 0,04–1,68 mg/m 3 ), celle des personnels de depot de 0,05 mg/m 3 ( 3 ) pour les tâches generales, 0,27 mg/m 3 (0,22–0,32 mg/m 3 ) pour le depotage « fer » des essences et inferieur a la LQ pour le depotage « barge ». Conclusion Pour la majeure partie des salaries de l’etude, l’exposition etait inferieure aux limites de quantification des methodes utilisees en metrologie et biometrologie. Dans les conditions normales d’exercice professionnel des employes de stations-service et des depots, le niveau d’exposition moyen est inferieur a 10 % de la VME actuelle. Il s’agit donc de groupes professionnels faiblement exposes au benzene. En terme de surveillance medicale vis-a-vis de ce risque chimique, le medecin du travail devra adapter son suivi en fonction de la presence actuelle ou passee de tâches potentiellement exposantes et devra tenir compte d’eventuels dysfonctionnements.

International audience; The omega 5-gliadins are the major sensitizing allergens in wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA). In this study, two-dimensional immunoblot analysis was used to assess the allergenic potential of two transgenic wheat lines in which omega 5-gliadin genes were silenced by RNA interference. Sera from 7 of 11 WDEIA patients showed greatly reduced levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) reactivity to omega 5-gliadins in both transgenic lines. However, these sera also showed low levels of reactivity to other gluten proteins. Sera from three patients showed the greatest reactivity to proteins other than omega 5-gliadins, either high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs), alpha-gliadins, or non-gluten proteins. The complexity of immunological responses among these patients suggests that flour from the transgenic lines would not be suitable for individuals already diagnosed with WDEIA. However, the introduction of wheat lacking omega 5-gliadins could reduce the number of people sensitized to these proteins and thereby decrease the overall incidence of this serious food allergy.

Wheat allergy occurs by inhalation (baker's asthma) and ingestion (food allergy), but may also develop by contact in some cases. The responsible allergens of wheat are proteins accounting for about 10-15% of the grain dry weight. Wheat proteins are divided into two groups: the salt soluble fraction (albumins/globulins) and the gluten proteins (gliadins and glutenins). This latter group is responsible for celiac disease and also for food allergy, whereas the albumins/globulins are involved in baker's asthma and in some food allergy. Genetic modification (GM) technology for crop improvement has recently emerged and its impact on allergenicity must be evaluated, as recommended by the Codex Alimentarius. Following this recommendation, we first compared two GM lines with their parents using an allergenomic approach then in a second step we aimed at comparing the amount of allergenic polypeptides in these GM wheats, their untransformed genotypes and those measured among twenty commercial cultivars, either durum or bread wheats. In order to characterize the accumulation of allergenic proteins in wheats, sera from children and adults with clinically documented wheat allergy were used. The investigation is focused mainly on the soluble protein fraction of wheat. For the comparison of GM lines with their natural counterparts, 2D immunoblot followed by mass spectrometry analysis and protein identification was set up. ELISA tests were performed on the whole set of genotypes. Few differences at molecular and quantitative levels were revealed between the GM lines and their counterparts. Two new IgE-binding proteins were detected for one GM line.[1] We also observed that the genetic transformation may impact IgE reactivity, either in a positive or in a negative way.[2] This study leads us to conclude that a wide variation exists in the amount of allergenic polypeptides among durum and bread wheat cultivars, and that the differences observed between GM wheats and their parents are within the range of these 20 cultivated wheats.

RECEIVED MAY 30, 2002; ACCEPTED NOVEMBER 18, 2003Studies of iron-bearing silicate melt (ferrobasalt) þ iron metallicphase þ graphite þ hydrogen equilibria show that carbon andhydrogen solubilities in melts are important for the evolution of theupper mantle. In a series of experiments conducted at 3 7GPa and1520--- 1600 C, we have characterized the nature (oxidized vsreduced) and quantified the abundances of C- and H-compoundsdissolvediniron-bearingsilicatemelts.Experimentswerecarried outin an anvil-with-hole apparatus permitting the achievement of equalchemical potentials of H

BACKGROUND: Cereal-associated allergy is particularly considered a serious problem, because cereals are essential in our daily diet. Wheat proteins are classified into albumins, globulins and prolamins (insoluble gliadins and glutenins). OBJECTIVES: Our objectives were to study the involvement in food allergy to wheat of these different protein types by using purified fractions and to identify those binding IgE and IgG antibodies. METHODS: Sera were obtained from 28 patients with food allergy to wheat. Albumins/globulins, gliadins and glutenins were obtained by sequential extraction based on differential solubility; alpha-, beta-, gamma- and omega-gliadins and low molecular weight (LMW) and high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits were purified by chromatography. IgE binding to these extracts and fractions were analysed by radioallergosorbent test (RAST), and immunoblotting; IgG binding was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: In RAST, 60% of sera were shown to have specific IgE antibodies against alpha-, beta-gliadins and LMW glutenin subunits, 55% to gamma-gliadins, 48% to omega-gliadins and 26% to HMW glutenins. Immunoblotting analysis confirmed results obtained in RAST concerning LMW and HMW glutenin subunits and showed that 67% of patients have IgE antibodies to the albumin/globulin fraction. CONCLUSION: Results obtained in the different tests showed common features and in agreement with other studies indicated the presence of numerous allergens in food allergy to wheat; alpha-, beta-, gamma- and omega-gliadins, LMW glutenin subunits and some water/salt-soluble proteins appeared as major IgE binding allergens, whereas HMW glutenins were only minor allergens. The same type of antigenic profile against gliadins and glutenins was observed with IgG antibodies. Important sequence or structural homologies between the various gliadins and LMW glutenin subunits could certainly explain similarity of IgE binding to these proteins.

A system was set up to provide direct exposure of cells cultured in vitro to radon and its decay products. Radon gas emanating from a uranium source was introduced at a measured concentration in a closed 10-m(3) exposure chamber. Cells were cultured on the microporous membrane of an insert that was floating over the culture medium in a six-well cluster plate. Plates with cells were placed in an open thermoregulated bath within the chamber. Under these conditions, cells were irradiated by direct deposition of radon and radon decay products. During exposure, all parameters, including radon gas concentrations, decay product activities, and potential alpha-particle energy concentrations, were determined by periodic air-grab samplings inside the chamber. The energy spectrum of deposited decay products was characterized. An estimation of alpha-particle flux density on the area containing cells was performed using CR-39 detector films that were exposed in cell-free wells during the cell exposure. The number of alpha-particle traversals per cell was deduced both from the mean number of CR-39 tracks per surface unit and from measurements of entire cells or nuclear surfaces. This paper describes the design of experiment, the dosimetry of radon and radon decay product, and the procedures for aerosol measurements. Our preliminary data show the usefulness of the in vitro cell culture approach to the study of the early cellular effects of radon and its decay products.

Risk management in the hospital, which is one of the referentiels of the ANAES accreditation manual, may be considered on two levels. Firstly, risk management may be approached globally, in the same way as it is tackled in the accreditation process. Secondly, risk management may be more definite. A specific risk chosen in accordance with the priorities of a particular plan may be dealt with individually. In this respect, the tranfusion process allows the risk management method to be tested and developed. f1

Major-element, Cl, S, F analyses have been performed on a wide selection of melt inclusions trapped in olivine (Fo81–87) from scoria and crystal-rich lapilli samples of Piton de la Fournaise volcano. As a whole, they display a transitional basaltic composition. The melt inclusions (8–9 wt.% MgO, 0.62–0.73 wt.% K2O) are in equilibrium with olivines (Fo81–85) in the samples from the Central Feeding Zone and the South-East Feeding Zone and show a slight alkaline affinity. The melt inclusions in olivines (Fo85–87) from the North-West Rift (NWR) contain 9.3–9.7 wt.% MgO and 0.54–0.58 wt.% K2O, with a more tholeiitic tendency. In oceanitic lavas and crystal-rich lapilli, the olivine xenocrysts are recognisable by the presence of one or more secondary shear plane fracture(s) filled up with CO2 and alkali-rich basaltic melt inclusions. In dunite nodules, olivines present also contain several secondary shear plane fracture(s) filled up with CO2 and high-SiO2 melt inclusions. Secondary CO2-rich fluid inclusions in olivine (Fo85–87) from the NWR samples indicate PCO2 up to 500 MPa whereas, PCO2 ranges from 95 MPa to few tenths of bars in the other samples. Both the primary melt inclusions and the secondary fluid inclusions strongly suggest that the olivine crystallises and accumulates over a wide depth range (15 km). It is envisioned that cumulative pockets with low residual porosity are repeatedly percolated with a CO2-rich fluid phase, possibly associated with basaltic to SiO2-rich melts, and are finally disrupted and entrained to the surface when vigorous magma transfer occurs. The SiO2-rich residual melts in early-formed dunitic or gabbroic bodies may have acted as contaminant agents for the more alkali character of magmas vented through the central feeding system, where a well-developed cumulative system is thought to exist. Finally, the existence of secondary fluid and melt inclusions in olivines implies that the dunitic bodies are weakened on the micrometric scale.

National audience

Background Gluten proteins can be modified by deamidation to enhance their solubility and technological applications. However severe allergic reactions have been reported after the consumption of food products containing deamidated gluten in subjects tolerant to wheat. This work aimed to characterize allergen profiles for these patients in comparison with those of patients allergic to wheat and identify IgE-binding epitopes. Methods Sera were obtained from 15 patients allergic to deamidated gluten (DG) and from 9 patients allergic to wheat proteins (WP). IgE-binding profiles were characterized both in ELISA and in a humanized rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cell model. Epitopes were mapped on g and ω2-gliadin sequences by Pepscan and effect of glutamine/glutamic acid substitutions were studied. Results Compared to the heterogeneous pattern of allergens detected by IgE from patients allergic to WP, responses of patients allergic to DG were homogeneous. In ELISA, all the sera displayed IgE-binding to deamidated g and ω2-gliadins and deamidated total gliadins, frequently with high concentrations. These modified proteins induced RBL degranulation with most of the sera from DG-allergic patients. A consensus epitope was found on native g and ω2-gliadins (QPQQPFPQ); it was repeated several times in their sequences. The substitution of two or three glutamines of this epitope into glutamic acid at positions Q3 or Q4 and Q8 (QPEEPFPE) increased its recognition the best. Conclusion Allergy to DG is a separate entity from wheat allergy characterized by a homogeneous IgE response. Deamidated ω2-gliadins or the dominant IgE-binding epitope QPEEPFPE could be used as tools for the diagnosis of this new allergy. Disclosure of interest None declared.

Leaching of cement pastes shows that the properties of the surface layer are similar whether or not the cement paste contains slag. Substantial amounts of calcium, and smaller amounts of silicon, are leached out. Iron and magnesium are not released, but their content in the surface layer increases, with respect to an internal reference. Magnesium precipitates in the form of hydrotalcite, whereas the calcium of calcium silicate hydrates (CSH) is replaced by iron and dissolves out. Hydrogarnets undergo little, or no, leaching.

Resume En 1996, le groupe de Bertina a identifie au niveau du gene de la prothrombine, situe sur le chromosome 11, une mutation associee a une augmentation du facteur II. La mutation G20210A appelee egalement mutation Leiden est impliquee dans la maladie thromboembolique. Le dosage chronometrique du facteur II n'etant pas discriminatif des sujets atteints et non atteints, le test genotypique est realise d'emblee et fait partie des examens pratiques dans une enquete de thrombophilie. De nombreuses techniques permettent la mise en evidence de cette mutation, certaines proposant un screening complet des mutations incriminees comme facteur de risque de thrombose. Le but de notre travail est de comparer les resultats obtenus avec la technique de PCR allele specifique kit stagen fii (distribue par Stago) a ceux obtenus par la technique utilisee depuis six ans dans notre laboratoire sur un panel de 56 ADN. Aucune discordance n'a ete observee sur l'echantillonnage teste, ce qui permet d'envisager cette technique standardisee en complement d'une technologie deja implantee.

Le pembrolizumab (anticorps monoclonal anti-PD1) et l’ipilimumab (anticorps anti-CTLA4) sont des immunotherapies prometteuses dans le melanome non resecable ou metastatique. Ils potentialisent l’activation, la proliferation et l’infiltration des lymphocytes T dans les cellules tumorales, entrainant leur destruction. Ces traitements engendrent de nombreuses manifestations auto-immunes. Une femme de 83 ans, atteinte d’un melanome de la fosse nasale avec metastases ganglionnaires et osseuses, est initialement traitee par 4 cures de pembrolizumab, arretees du fait d’une insuffisance renale. Devant la progression locale, elle a recu une cure d’ipilimumab un mois avant de presenter une acidocetose (pH 7,22, bicarbonates En 2015, Hughes et al. ont decrit 5 cas de DT1, survenus entre 1 semaine et 5 mois apres traitement par pembrolizumab. Un malade avait aussi recu de l’ipilimumab. Gaudy et al. ont egalement presente un cas de diabete fulminant apres ipilimumab et pembrolizumab. Chez la souris, le blocage de PD1 peut entrainer un DT1, par reaction auto-immune des lymphocytes T envers les cellules beta-pancreatiques. Une reduction de l’expression de PD1 dans les lymphocytes CD4 a aussi ete mise en evidence chez des diabetiques de type 1. De plus, certains variants genotypiques de CTLA4 sont associes a un surrisque de DT1. En conclusion, le blocage de CTLA4 et PD1 majore fortement le risque de developper un DT1.

Background Gluten proteins can be modified by deamidation to enhance their solubility and technological applications. However, severe allergic reactions have been reported after the consumption of food products containing deamidated gluten (DG) in subjects tolerant to wheat. This work aimed to characterize allergen profiles for these patients in comparison with those of patients allergic to wheat and to identify IgE-binding epitopes. Methods Sera were obtained from 15 patients allergic to DG and from nine patients allergic to wheat proteins (WP). IgE-binding profiles were characterized both in ELISA and in a humanized rat basophilic leukaemia (RBL) cell model. Epitopes were mapped on γ- and ω2-gliadin sequences by Pepscan, and effect of glutamine/glutamic acid substitutions was studied. Results Compared to the heterogeneous pattern of allergens detected by IgE from patients allergic to WP, responses of patients allergic to DG were homogeneous. In ELISA, all the sera displayed IgE binding to deamidated γ- and ω2-gliadins and deamidated total gliadins, frequently with high concentrations. These modified proteins induced RBL degranulation with most of the sera from DG-allergic patients. A consensus epitope was found on native γ- and ω2-gliadins (QPQQPFPQ); it was repeated several times in their sequences. The substitution of two or three glutamines of this epitope into glutamic acid at positions Q3 or Q4 and Q8 (QPEEPFPE) increased its recognition the best. Conclusion Allergy to DG is a separate entity from wheat allergy. It can be evidenced by strong IgE binding to deamidated gliadins or peptides of the type QPEEPFPE.

At present, B cell epitopes involved in food allergy to wheat are known only for a few allergens and a few categories of patients.To characterize the epitopes of different wheat kernel allergens: α-, γ, ω2, and ω5-gliadin, a low-molecular-weight (LMW) glutenin subunit, and a lipid transfer protein (LTP1) recognized by allergic patients and by sensitized mice and provide further understanding of the role of structure in determining allergic response.Sera were obtained from 39 patients suffering from food allergy to wheat. BALB/c mice were sensitized to gliadins or LTP1 by intraperitoneal immunizations. Continuous epitopes bound by IgE were delineated by the Pepscan technique. The response to reduced, alkylated LTP1 was compared with that of the native form to evaluate the importance of protein folding on IgE reactivity.Few continuous epitopes of LTP1 reacted with IgE from allergic patients and mice, but one of them was common to several patients and sensitized mice. The unfolded protein was not recognized by either patient or mouse IgE, emphasizing the major role of LTP1 folding and discontinuous epitopes in IgE-binding. In contrast, many continuous epitopes were detected by patient and mouse IgE especially for an ω5-gliadin, which is an unstructured protein, and to a lesser extent, for the other gliadins and a LMW-glutenin subunit.The conformation of LTP1 appeared to have a strong impact on the type of IgE-binding epitopes elicited by this protein in both man and mouse. The responses in mice sensitized to gliadins or LTP1 were sufficiently comparable with the human response in terms of IgE-binding epitopes to provide support for the use of the mouse model in further investigations.

Contaminated surfaces of the feedstock materials in aluminum alloy casting processes often produce various types of defects which can affect the tensile properties of the final products as well as their fatigue reliabilities. Semi-solid processing takes advantage of a much higher apparent viscosity of the die cast materials by limiting the risk of oxides formed at the free surfaces to become incorporated into the casting when the material is injected into the die. Most of existing semi-solid processes that use billets as feedstock material are however tied up with a different type of contaminated surface. During the injection phase, the external-skin on the periphery of the billet, which has been in contact with air and lubricant during the transfer in the shot sleeve, can be incorporated into the casting. When subjected to a heat treatment, the lubricant is decomposed and produces lens shape porosities. This might be a cause of reject for most structural parts. To avoid this kind of defects, the paths along which the billet skin evolves must be controlled during filling. In order to investigate the possibility of skin inclusion into cast parts during injection of the billet, a two-phase finite element mixture model is employed to model the metal flow. The formation of a skin on the periphery of the billet is modeled by setting an initial solid phase concentration profile in the radial direction. Microscopic observations of the real castings show that the approach is able to model the shear layers and to predict the paths along which the “lens porosity” defects could be formed. An Arbitrary Eulerian-Lagangian (ALE) method is also investigated and appears to be very promising to follow the skin movement in the casting.

Background: Antigenic profiles obtained by ELISA with IgE from patients with wheat food allergy (WFA) established that major allergens are albumins/globulins (AG) for children suffering from atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS), ω5-gliadins for adults suffering from wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA), anaphylaxis or urticaria and low-molecular-weight (LMW) glutenin subunits for patients with anaphylaxis. We aimed to characterize a new mast cell transfectant for its ability to degranulate with wheat proteins and patient sera and compare these results to those obtained by ELISA. Methods: Thirty sera from patients with WFA were tested: 14 with AEDS (group 1) and 16 with WDEIA, anaphylaxis or urticaria (group 2). An IgE Fc receptor (FcΕRI) humanized rat RBL-2H3 line was established by transfection with cDNAs encoding α-, β- and γ-subunits for the human IgE receptor. Results: A humanized RBL clone was selected for its capacity to express mRNA α-, β- and γ-subunits of FcΕRI, to bind allergen-specific human IgE and to degranulate. In group 1, sera induced enhanced degranulation with AG extract, but rarely reacted with gliadins and glutenins. In group 2, half of the sera showed degranulation with LMW glutenins whereas the AG fraction and lipid transfer proteins were rarely positive. ω5-Gliadins did not appear as a major allergen in degranulation assays, although functional allergen-specific IgE was measurable in appreciable amounts. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that in wheat food allergen evaluation, correlation exists between mast cell degranulation and IgE measurements, depending on the type of allergen. Therefore, the biological activity of some allergen types may also be affected by other parameters.

Wheat presents an important genetic diversity that could be useful to look for cultivars with reduced allergencity. omega5-Gliadins have been described as major allergens for wheat allergic patients suffering from wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) and some cases of chronic urticaria (U). Our objective was to study the influence of genetic variability at the Gli-B1 locus encoding for omega5-gliadins on the reactivity of IgE antibodies from these patients. We selected cultivars expressing 13 alleles at Gli-B1 including a wheat/rye translocation and studied the reactivity to gliadins of a rabbit antiserum specific for omega5-gliadins and of IgE from 10 patients. The antiserum and IgE from nine patients with WDEIA and U strongly detected omega5-gliadins expressed by most of the Gli-B1 alleles but showed no or faint responses to the gliadins and secalins extracted from the translocated wheat. The selection of genotypes lacking the Gli-B1 locus may reduce wheat allergenicity.

Introduction L’insuffisance renale aigue (IRA) est une complication frequente et severe chez les patients d’oncohematologie. Son incidence y est plus elevee et son pronostic plus reserve. Si l’insuffisance renale est le plus souvent multifactorielle (sepsis, deshydratation, tubulotoxicite, micro-angiopathie…), certaines etiologies sont specifiques. Le methotrexate (MTX) peut induire une IRA par precipitation intratubulaire. Une mutation de la methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (C677 T MTHFR) est responsable d’une toxicite accrue au MTX. Observation Une patiente de 39 ans aux antecedents de leucemie aigue myelocytaire de type 3 (LAM 3) sous chimiotherapie d’entretien par acide tout-transretinoique, 6-mercaptopurine et MTX est hospitalisee pour troubles digestifs. La biologie montre une pancytopenie, des stigmates d’hemolyse micro-angiopathique, une insuffisance hepato-cellulaire et une insuffisance renale aigue de profil tubulaire. A la BOM, la mœlle est desertique, sans blastes, pas d’hemophagocytose. L’activite de l’ADAMTS 13 est a 24 %, la recherche de clone HPN est negative et l’etude pharmacogenetique retrouve une mutation heterozygote C677 T du gene MTHFR sans deficit en thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT). En l’absence d’amelioration une biopsie renale est realisee objectivant des lesions de micro-angiopathie thrombotique (MAT) a predominance glomerulaire associees a des lesions tubulaires aigues. La serologie Escherichia coli O157 :H7 revient positive. Discussion L’interpretation initiale a ete une toxicite systemique du MTX sur genotype predisposant. La PBR a permis de conclure a un SHU-D+ a E. coli O157 :H7. En raison d’une dialyse-dependance, 4 cures hebdomadaires d’ECULIZUMAB 600 mg ont ete realisees permettant une normalisation de la fonction renale. Conclusion L’IRA du patient d’oncohematologie est frequemment plurifactorielle avec un impact pronostique variable. La biopsie renale garde tout son interet sur ce terrain. En cas de toxicite severe chez un patient traite par MTX, une recherche de mutations du gene de la MTHFR doit etre effectuee.

In this work, we deal with the problem of scheduling independent tasks on heterogeneous master-slave platforms. We target both off-line and on-line problems, with several objective functions (makespan, maximum response time, total completion time). On the theoretical side, our results are two-fold: (i) For off-line scheduling, we prove several optimality results for problems with release dates; (ii) For on-line scheduling, we establish lower bounds on the competitive ratio of any deterministic algorithm. On the practical side, we have implemented several heuristics, some classical and some new ones derived in this paper. We studied experimentally these heuristics on a small but fully heterogeneous MPI platform. Our results show the superiority of those heuristics which fully take into account the relative capacity of the communication links.; Nous nous intéressons ici au problème de l'ordonnancement d'un ensemble de tâches indépendantes sur une plate-forme maître esclave hétérogène. Nous considérons les problèmes en ligne (ou à la volée) et hors-ligne, pour des fonctions objectives différentes (durée totale d'exécution, temps de réponse maximum temps de réponse moyen). D'un point de vue théorique, nous obtenons deux types de résultats : (i) pour le problème hors-ligne, nous avons établi plusieurs résultats d'optimalité pour des problèmes avec dates d'arrivée ; (ii) pour le problème en ligne, nous avons établi des bornes inférieures sur le facteur de compétitivité des algorithmes déterministes. D'un point de vue pratique, nous avons implémenté plusieurs heuristiques, certaines classiques, d'autres issues du présent travail. Nous avons étudié expérimentalement ces heuristiques sur une petite plate-forme MPI totalement hétérogène. Les résultats expérimentaux montrent la supériorité des heuristiques qui prennent complètement en compte les capacités relatives des différents liens de communication.

BACKGROUND Food allergy to wheat induces different symptoms as atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS), urticaria and more severe reactions as wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA). Different gliadin classes are involved in this allergy but IgE-binding epitopes are known only on omega5-gliadins and for WDEIA cases. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to identify IgE-binding epitopes on several gliadin classes and for several patients with different symptoms and ages. METHODS Eleven sera were analysed by pepscan with overlapping synthetic peptides. RESULTS Sera from five patients with anaphylaxis, urticaria or WDEIA, displayed strong IgE-binding to sequential epitopes of the repetitive domains of alphabeta, gamma, omega2 or omega5-gliadins with two immunodominant epitopes on omega5-gliadin and a consensus motif of the type QQX1PX2QQ (X1 being L, F, S or I and X2 Q, E or G). One patient allergic to deamidated wheat proteins also had IgE to a repetitive peptide of gamma and omega2-gliadins of the type QPQQPFP. Sera from four patients with AEDS detected no linear epitopes on gliadins, despite the fact that they contained specific IgE to alpha, beta, gamma or omega-gliadins. One child with AEDS recognized cysteine-containing sequences in the nonrepetitive domains of alphabeta and gamma-gliadins. CONCLUSION B epitopes in wheat allergy were different from B epitopes of coeliac disease. Differences exist in IgE-binding epitopes between patients with food allergy to wheat. IgE from those suffering from WDEIA, anaphylaxis and urticaria detected sequential epitopes in the repetitive domain of gliadins whereas IgE from AEDS patients probably recognized conformational epitopes.

International audience; In view to prepare Mars human exploration, it is necessary to promote and lead, at the international level, a highly interdisciplinary program, involving specialists of geochemistry, geophysics, atmospheric science, space weather, and biology. The goal of this program will be to elaborate concepts of individual instruments, then of integrated instrumental packages, able to collect exhaustive data sets of environmental parameters from future landers and rovers of Mars, and to favour the conditions of their implementation. Such a program is one of the most urgent need for preparing human exploration, in order to develop mitigation strategies aimed at ensuring the safety of human explorers, and minimizing risk for surface operations. A few main areas of investigation may be listed: particle and radiation environment, chemical composition of atmosphere, meteorology, chemical composition of dust, surface and subsurface material, water in the subsurface, physical properties of the soil, search for an hypothesized microbial activity, characterization of radio-electric properties of the Martian ionosphere. Scientists at the origin of the present paper, already involved at a high degree of responsibility in several Mars missions, and actively preparing in situ instrumentation for future landed platforms (Netlander - now cancelled, MSL-09), express their readiness to participate in both ESA/AURORA and NASA programs of Mars human exploration. They think that the formation of a Mars Environment working group at ESA, in the course of the AURORA definition phase, could act positively in favour of the program, by increasing its scientific cross-section and making it still more focused on human exploration. © 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR.

Lavoisier mission is a joint effort of eight European countries and a technological challenge aimed at investigating the lower atmosphere and the surface of Venus. The mission consists of a descent probe and three balloons to be deployed below the cloud deck. Its main scientific objectives may be summarized as following : (i) composition of the deep atmosphere : noble gas (elemental/isotopic), molecular species (elemental/isotopic), oxygen fugacity; vertical/horizontal/temporal variability; (ii) infrared spectroscopy and radiometry (molecular composition, radiative transfer); (iii) dynamics of the atmosphere : p, T, acceleration measurements, balloon localization through VLBI, meteorological events signed by acoustic waves, atmospheric mixing as imprinted on radioactive tracers; (iv) surface morphology and mineralogy through near infrared imaging on dayside, surface temperature through NIR imaging on nightside. Additional tentative objectives are search for (a) atmospheric electrical activity (optically, radioelectrically, acoustically), (b) crustal outgassing and/or volcanic activity : acoustic activity, horizontal/vertical distribution of radioactive tracers, (c) seismic activity : acoustic waves transmitted from crust to atmosphere, and (d) remanent and/or intrinsic magnetic field. Lavoisier was proposed to ESA in response to the F2/F3 mission Announcement of Opportunity at the beginning of 2000, but it was not selected for the assessment study, A wide international partnership was created for this occasion, including Finland (FMI), France (IPSL, MAGIE, Universite Orsay, IPSN, INPG, CEA, IPGP, Obs. Paris-Meudon), Germany (MPAe, Univ. Muenster), Hungary (KFKI, Univ. Eotvos), Portugal (OAL), Russia (IKI), Spain (IAA), United Kingdom (Univ. Oxford). (C) 2002 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Risk management in the hospital, which is one of the referentiels of the ANAES accreditation manual, may be considered on two levels. Firstly, risk management may be approached globally, in the same way as it is tackled in the accreditation process. Secondly, risk management may be more definite. A specific risk chosen in accordance with the priorities of a particular plan may be dealt with individually. In this respect, the tranfusion process allows the risk management method to be tested and developed. f1

The discovery of natural Gerbich antigen (anti-Ge2) in the serum of propositus prompted us to study his red blood cells (RBCs) by using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed against glycophorin (GP) C and GPD. An mAb directed against the Ge4 antigen (mAb NaM10-7G11) agglutinated both untreated and trypsin-treated cells, demonstrating the expression of a trypsin-resistant GPC (namely, GPC of the Gerbich type : GPC Ge ). Surprisingly, an anti-Ge3 antibody (mAb NaM19-3C4) agglutinated untreated cells, showing that they also express the Ge3 antigen that may be carried by normal GPC and CPD or by the abnormal GPC of the Yussef (Yus) type (GPC Yus ). Immunoblotting analysis performed with an mAb directed against the C-terminal portion of GPC showed that the propositus' RBCs do not contain normal GPC and GPD but both GPC Ge and GPC Yus . Analysis of RBCs from the family demonstrated that, like the propositus, 2 of the 3 sisters had inherited both the GYPC Ge and the GYPC Yus alleles from the parents, who carried either the GYPC Ge or the GYPC Yus allele. The third sister had inherited the normal GYPC alleles from her parents, whereas the child of the propositus had inherited the GYPC Ge allele. Interestingly, natural anti-Ge2 antibodies were identified in the serum of 2 of the 3 Ge-negative individuals.

National audience

Circulating anticoagulants directed against factor VIII coagulant activity are very rarely encountered. Eighteen per cent of them have been described in the peripartum period of primiparae aged 28 years on average. The clinical signs are the same as those of constitutional haemophilia, but they differ in frequency. The most common of these signs are haematoma, ecchymoses and haematuria. The diagnosis is confirmed by prolongation of clotting time alone, presence of an anticoagulant in blood and specific assay of the deficient coagulant factor. These inhibitors are usually immunoglobulins of the IgG type. The cause and pathogenesis of the disease are unknown. Treatment consists of administering coagulant factors in haemorrhagic periods and immuno-suppressive therapy. Spontaneous remissions are frequent.