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1. Italy as a Hotspot of Usutu Virus in Europe

Author

B. Zecchin, A. Fusaro, A. Milani, A. Schivo, S. Ravagnan, S. Ormelli, C. Mavian, A. Michelutti, F. Toniolo, L. Barzon, I. Monne, and G. Capelli

Subjects
Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Purpose: The Usutu virus (USUV) is an arbovirus belonging to the Flaviviridae family, maintained in the environment through an enzootic cycle involving mosquitoes as vectors and wild birds as amplifying hosts. Surveillance activities carried out in previous years highlighted the endemicity of USUV in north-eastern Italy. The aim of this study was to investigate the evolutionary processes and spatial spread of USUV strains circulating in the European context and in Italy, focusing in particular on north-eastern Italy. Methods & Materials: We generated full genomes of 138 USUV collected from bird (N=13) and mosquito (N=125) samples within the 2011-2018 national monitoring plan for arboviruses and West Nile Virus entomological surveillance. We performed phylogenetic analysis generating Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic trees in IQTREE, selection pressure analysis applying different methods available in Datamonkey and spatial and evolutionary time-scale analysis using Bayesian inference in BEAST. Results: Our results showed the circulation in Italy of viruses belonging to four different lineages (EU1, EU2, EU3, and EU4). The newly sequenced viruses belong to the EU2 lineage and cluster into two different sub-lineages, EU2-A and EU2-B. Specific mutations characterize each European lineage and the geographic location seems to have shaped the phylogenetic structure. By investigating the spatial spread in Europe, we were able to show that Italy mainly acted as donor of USUV to neighbouring countries, with the Western Italian regions as the major source of the virus for central European countries and Eastern Italy as the most likely origin of the virus for central and eastern countries. In Italy, we identified two geographical clusters that spread both northwards and southwards. Conclusion: Our analyses rise concern for the recent massive USUV circulation in northern Italy and provide useful information on the spatial and evolutionary dynamics of USUV that can help to improve control strategies for this virus of increasing concern for human health.

Published
2022
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2. Artifacts resembling Ediacaran or Cambrian fossils: how to identify them and avoid their generation

Author

T. F. Toniolo, J. M. Leme, D. A. Carmo, T. R. Fairchild, L. Morais, and R. I. F. Trindade

Subjects
Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

The generation of artifacts during sample preparation must be considered in paleobiological studies, particularly during the Ediacaran and Cambrian, since such artifacts can assume forms similar to those of cloudinids and other problematic taxa commonly described in samples from these systems. Chemical reactions between hydrogen peroxide and sulfides from the samples can lead to the formation of tubular and vase-shaped structures. The visual description alone does not allow a conclusion about whether their origin is organic or inorganic. In these cases, chemical composition and ultrastructure analysis are tools that help to distinguish artifacts from bona fide fossils. Scanning electron microscopy can be successfully employed to characterize and differentiate fossils from artifacts. The presence or absence of these structures in thin sections is also an essential piece of information to discuss their biogenicity. Furthermore, not using hydrogen peroxide avoids the risk of formation of the artifacts described here.

Published
2023
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3. Introduzione. I mille mondi di Valve

Author

L. Papale, F. Toniolo, Toniolo, Francesco, Papale, L., F. Toniolo (ORCID:0000-0001-9763-965X), L. Papale, F. Toniolo, Toniolo, Francesco, Papale, L., and F. Toniolo (ORCID:0000-0001-9763-965X)

Abstract

Introduzione al volume "Valve Corporation", una miscellanea dedicata a Valve e ai videogiochi che ha prodotto nel corso degli anni

Published
2021

4. Organic Artificial Flashback. How Humanoid Robots Remember in Contemporary Movies and Tv Series

Author

M. Locatelli, F. Toniolo, Cati, A., cati, a. (ORCID:0000-0002-4875-9476), M. Locatelli, F. Toniolo, Cati, A., and cati, a. (ORCID:0000-0002-4875-9476)

Abstract

Over the past three decades, several audiovisual projects have addressed issues surrounding the cyber body and the relation between prosthetic memory and posthuman self-awareness. On the one hand, many movies and tv series cross the boundary between the body and technology invasion by turning the artificial body into a site hosting organic memory, as the form of implantations or prostheses deals with the paradoxical condition of remembering events that the characters have not lived through. On the other hand, by mirroring the new ways of saving, retrieving and archiving personal and collective memory enhanced by digital media, a crucial concern regards the increasingly impressive capacity of current media devices—from mobile phones, to personal computers, to robots— for gathering and storing information in a range of useful modalities (sound, vision, even touch and smell). The ‘total recall’ issue implies not only a cyclic comparison with the failing memory of the human being, but also a broader reflection on the reshaping of mnestic experiences due to an unprecedented connectivity between brains, bodies, and personal and public lives. By analyzing some case studies, this essay aims to explore the trope of prosthetic flashback, usually associated to humanoid robots, as a contamination between anthropomorphic and technomorphic visual forms.

Published
2022

5. Interactions between cannabinoid and opioid receptors in a mouse model of diabetic neuropathy

Author

Adriano Cardozo Franciosi, Lakshmi A. Devi, Elaine F Toniolo, Camila Squarzoni Dale, Ivone Gomes, and Achla Gupta

Subjects
Agonist, Diabetic neuropathy, medicine.drug_class, medicine.medical_treatment, Receptors, Opioid, mu, Pharmacology, Ligands, Article, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, Diabetic Neuropathies, Opioid receptor, mental disorders, polycyclic compounds, medicine, Animals, Cannabinoids, business.industry, medicine.disease, Hemopressin, Disease Models, Animal, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Allodynia, nervous system, Neurology, chemistry, Opioid, Hyperalgesia, Receptors, Opioid, Neuropathic pain, Neuralgia, Neurology (clinical), Cannabinoid, CAMUNDONGOS, medicine.symptom, business, human activities, medicine.drug
Abstract

Diabetic neuropathy, often associated with diabetes mellitus, is a painful condition with no known effective treatment except glycemic control. Studies with neuropathic pain models report alterations in cannabinoid and opioid receptor expression levels; receptors whose activation induces analgesia. We examined whether interactions between CB(1)R and opioid receptors could be targeted for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. For this, we generated antibodies that selectively recognize native CB(1)R-MOR and CB(1)R-DOR heteromers using a subtractive immunization strategy. We assessed the levels of CB(1)R, MOR, DOR, and interacting complexes using a model of streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathy and detected increased levels of CB(1)R, MOR, DOR, and CB(1)R-MOR complexes compared with those in controls. An examination of G-protein signaling revealed that activity induced by the MOR, but not the DOR agonist, was potentiated by low nanomolar doses of CB(1)R ligands, including antagonists, suggesting an allosteric modulation of MOR signaling by CB(1)R ligands within CB(1)R-MOR complexes. Because the peptide endocannabinoid, hemopressin, caused a significant potentiation of MOR activity, we examined its effect on mechanical allodynia and found that it blocked allodynia in wild-type mice and mice with diabetic neuropathy lacking DOR (but have CB(1)R-MOR complexes). However, hemopressin does not alter the levels of CB(1)R-MOR complexes in diabetic mice lacking DOR but increases the levels of CB(1)R-DOR complexes in diabetic mice lacking MOR. Together, these results suggest the involvement of CB(1)R-MOR and CB(1)R-DOR complexes in diabetic neuropathy and that hemopressin could be developed as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of this painful condition.

Published
2022

6. Structural analysis of TrkA mutations in patients with congenital insensitivity to pain reveals PLCy as an analgesic drug target

Author

Beatriz C. Moraes, Helder V. Ribeiro-Filho, Allan P. Roldão, Elaine F. Toniolo, Gustavo P. B. Carretero, Germán G. Sgro, Fernanda A. H. Batista, Damian E. Berardi, Victoria R. S. Oliveira, Rebeka Tomasin, Felipe M. Vieceli, Dimitrius T. Pramio, Alexandre B. Cardoso, Ana C. M. Figueira, Shaker C. Farah, Lakshmi A. Devi, Camila S. Dale, Paulo S. L. de Oliveira, and Deborah Schechtman

Subjects
Hypohidrosis, Analgesics, Pain Insensitivity, Congenital, Phospholipase C gamma, MUTAÇÃO GENÉTICA, Pain, Cell Biology, Biochemistry, Mice, HEK293 Cells, nervous system, Mutation, Nerve Growth Factor, Animals, Humans, Channelopathies, Receptor, trkA, Molecular Biology
Abstract

Chronic pain is a major health issue, and the search for new analgesics has become increasingly important because of the addictive properties and unwanted side effects of opioids. To explore potentially new drug targets, we investigated mutations in the NTRK1 gene found in individuals with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA). NTRK1 encodes tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA), the receptor for nerve growth factor (NGF) and that contributes to nociception. Molecular modeling and biochemical analysis identified mutations that decreased the interaction between TrkA and one of its substrates and signaling effectors, phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ). We developed a cell-permeable phosphopeptide derived from TrkA (TAT-pQYP) that bound the Src homology domain 2 (SH2) of PLCγ. In HEK-293T cells, TAT-pQYP inhibited the binding of heterologously expressed TrkA to PLCγ and decreased NGF-induced, TrkA-mediated PLCγ activation and signaling. In mice, intraplantar administration of TAT-pQYP decreased mechanical sensitivity in an inflammatory pain model, suggesting that targeting this interaction may be analgesic. The findings demonstrate a strategy to identify new targets for pain relief by analyzing the signaling pathways that are perturbed in CIPA.

Published
2022

8. Photobiomodulation-induced analgesia in experimental temporomandibular disorder involves central inhibition of fractalkine

Author

Adriano Cardozo Franciosi, Camila Squarzoni Dale, Everton Tiago de Souza, Elaine F. Toniolo, and João Ignácio Ferrara-Jr

Subjects
Male, Orofacial pain, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Freund's Adjuvant, Pain, Inflammation, Dermatology, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, RATOS, Masseter muscle, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Trigeminal ganglion, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Animals, Pain Management, Regeneration, Low-Level Light Therapy, Microglia, Chemokine CX3CL1, Masseter Muscle, business.industry, 030206 dentistry, Temporomandibular Joint Disorders, Masticatory force, Temporomandibular joint, stomatognathic diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Nociception, Trigeminal Ganglion, Surgery, Analgesia, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a collective term that encompasses a set of clinical problems that affect the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joint, and associated structures. Despite their high clinical prevalence, the mechanisms of chronic craniofacial muscle pain are not yet well understood. Treatments for TMD pain relief and control should be minimally invasive, reversible, and conservative. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a promising option once it is known to inhibit inflammatory response and to relief painful symptoms. Herein, the effects of PBM (660 nm, 30 mW, 16 J/cm2, 0.2 cm2, 15 s in a continuous frequency) on the pain sensitivity of rats submitted to an experimental model of TMD induced by CFA was evaluated. Experimental TMD was induced in rats by the injection of complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) injection into the masseter muscle. Nociceptive behavior was evaluated by electronic von Frey before CFA and after 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, and 24 h and 7, 14, and 21 days after PBM treatment. Inflammatory infiltrate was evaluated by histology of the masseter muscle and fractalkine expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry of the trigeminal ganglia. PBM reversed the mechanical hypersensitivity of the animals by inhibiting the local inflammatory response, observed by the decrease of the inflammatory infiltrate in the masseter muscle of rats and by a central inhibition of fractalkine observed in the trigeminal ganglion. These data provide new insights into the mechanisms involved in the effects of photobiomodulation therapy emphasizing its therapeutic potential in the treatment of TMD.

Published
2019

9. Introduzione: lieti e stupiti, come bambini in attesa della festa

Author

C. Cuomo, L. Papale, M. Petillo, L. Rao, F. Toniolo, Toniolo, Francesco, Francesco Toniolo (ORCID:0000-0001-9763-965X), C. Cuomo, L. Papale, M. Petillo, L. Rao, F. Toniolo, Toniolo, Francesco, and Francesco Toniolo (ORCID:0000-0001-9763-965X)

Abstract

Introduzione al volume "Emozioni da giocare", che raccoglie contributi di vario taglio scritti da professionisti del settore videoludico italiano

Published
2021

10. Guardare il passato, ai suoi margini: sguardi microcomunitari nel videogioco italiano

Author

Toniolo, F., Raffa, N., F. Toniolo (ORCID:0000-0001-9763-965X), Toniolo, F., Raffa, N., and F. Toniolo (ORCID:0000-0001-9763-965X)

Abstract

Il contributo analizza le modalità rappresentative con cui i videogiochi indipendenti italiani, nell’ultimo decennio, stanno diffondendo testimonianze locali e microcomunitarie, soprattutto legate a uno specifico passato, più o meno prossimo. Molti di questi videogiochi si discostano dalle narrazioni più note. L’articolo intende portare alla luce e analizzare queste tendenze in crescita, partendo anche da un confronto con le scelte più o meno consapevoli dei team di sviluppo. L’articolo, dopo una introduzione sintetica sul panorama videoludico italiano e la presentazione della metodologia adottata, presenta e discute le scelte dei vari team, partendo da una serie di interviste semistrutturate ai membri dei suddetti team. L’articolo, infine, si chiude riflettendo su come determinate scelte di game design design, soprattutto legate al punto di vista, siano funzionali o meno per la rappresentazione proposta.

Published
2021

11. Una dinamica degli sguardi dall’immaginario creepypasta all’horror videoludico

Author

Toniolo, F., Cavaletti, F., F. Toniolo (ORCID:0000-0001-9763-965X), F. Cavaletti, Toniolo, F., Cavaletti, F., F. Toniolo (ORCID:0000-0001-9763-965X), and F. Cavaletti

Abstract

Over the last decades, immersivity has gained increasing importance in the audiovisual imaginary. In this paper, we propose to take a different route and to explore to what extent the dynamics of gazes – and particularly the direct address – can promote “emersive” strategies that challenge the dominant imaginary, with specific reference to creepypastas and horror video games. First, we trace back the origins of the emersive route to Bertolt Brecht, showing that his theory can be adapted to videogames. Second, we provide a survey of some of the types of gaze that actively involve the player in horror videogames. Then, we focus on creepypastas to demonstrate that the gaze is key to their aim of circumventing the players’ character, in order to get in touch with the players themselves. Finally, we analyze a specific creepypasta-based game: Doki Doki Literature Club!. Based on this analysis, we draw the main lines of what, in our view, represents a key modification of contemporary horror imaginary

Published
2021

12. Sposare una Z23: feticizzazione del passato e antropomorfismo moe a sfondo storico nel videogioco

Author

Toniolo, Francesco, Caselli, S., F. Toniolo (ORCID:0000-0001-9763-965X), Toniolo, Francesco, Caselli, S., and F. Toniolo (ORCID:0000-0001-9763-965X)

Abstract

L’articolo vuole riflettere su alcuni videogiochi pseudostorici, e in particolare su casi d’analisi che abbinano l’antropomorfismo moe a meccaniche gacha. Tali casi specifici rendono accessibili a community di appassionati estremamente nutrite degli immaginari in cui la feticizzazione del passato diventa l’unico modo possibile per rivisitare la storia. Riflettere su queste precise declinazioni è occasione per notare come la mercificazione del passato, messa nella prospettiva di meccaniche ludiche collezionistiche, possa da un lato stimolarne lo studio quanto, dall’altro, implicare una serie di rischi da un punto di vista storiografico, afferenti a processi di ‘consunzione’ della storia influenzati dalle sottoculture in cui questi videogiochi vengono prodotti e circolano.

Published
2021

13. Electrical stimulation of the posterior insula induces mechanical analgesia in a rodent model of neuropathic pain by modulating GABAergic signaling and activity in the pain circuitry

Author

Daniel Ciampi de Andrade, Elaine F. Toniolo, Elizamara S. Gonçalves, Victória Regina da Silva Oliveira, Camila Squarzoni Dale, Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira, Ivo Lebrun, Luiz R.G. Britto, Mariana F. de Campos, Clement Hamani, Heloísa Alonso-Matielo, and Adilson S. Alves

Subjects
inorganic chemicals, 0301 basic medicine, Male, Pain Threshold, Hippocampus, Stimulation, Insular cortex, Periaqueductal gray, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, 03 medical and health sciences, GLUTAMATOS, 0302 clinical medicine, Neuroplasticity, Medicine, Animals, Pain Management, Periaqueductal Gray, GABA Modulators, Molecular Biology, business.industry, organic chemicals, General Neuroscience, technology, industry, and agriculture, Chronic pain, medicine.disease, Electric Stimulation, 030104 developmental biology, Hyperalgesia, Neuropathic pain, GABAergic, Neuralgia, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Neurology (clinical), Analgesia, business, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Developmental Biology
Abstract

The insula has emerged as a critical target for electrical stimulation since it influences pathological pain states. We investigated the effects of repetitive electrical stimulation of the insular cortex (ESI) on mechanical nociception, and general locomotor activity in rats subjected to chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. We also studied neuroplastic changes in central pain areas and the involvement of GABAergic signaling on ESI effects. CCI rats had electrodes implanted in the left agranular posterior insular cortex (pIC), and mechanical sensitivity was evaluated before and after one or five daily consecutive ESIs (15 min each, 60 Hz, 210 μs, 1 V). Five ESIs (repetitive ESI) induced sustained mechanical antinociception from the first to the last behavioral assessment without interfering with locomotor activity. A marked increase in Fos immunoreactivity in pIC and a decrease in the anterior and mid-cingulate cortex, periaqueductal gray and hippocampus were noticed after five ESIs. The intrathecal administration of the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline methiodide reversed the stimulation-induced antinociception after five ESIs. ESI increased GAD65 levels in pIC but did not interfere with GABA, glutamate or glycine levels. No changes in GFAP immunoreactivity were found in this work. Altogether, the results indicate the efficacy of repetitive ESI for the treatment of experimental neuropathic pain and suggest a potential influence of pIC in regulating pain pathways partially through modulating GABAergic signaling.

Published
2020

14. Laparoscopic Biopsies in Pancreas Transplantation

Author

E. Minue, F. Toniolo, Pablo Uva, A. Gallo, I. Gonzalez, A.E. Giunippero, Jon S. Odorico, L. R. Leon, I. C. Cabrera, Eduardo Chuluyan, and Domingo Casadei

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, CIENCIAS MÉDICAS Y DE LA SALUD, Biopsy, medicine.medical_treatment, Medicina Clínica, PANCREAS/SIMULTANEOUS PANCREAS-KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION, 030230 surgery, Pancreas transplantation, 03 medical and health sciences, Postoperative Complications, 0302 clinical medicine, Laparotomy, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Laparoscopy, Kidney transplantation, Retrospective Studies, Transplantation, Kidney, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Pancreatic Diseases, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Kidney Transplantation, Surgery, medicine.anatomical_structure, REJECTION, CLINICAL RESEARCH/PRACTICE, BIOPSY, Kidney Failure, Chronic, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Pancreas Transplantation, Medicina Critica y de Emergencia, business, Pancreas, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

As there is no precise laboratory test or imaging study for detection of pancreas allograft rejection, there is increasing interest in obtaining pancreas tissue for diagnosis. Pancreas allograft biopsies are most commonly performed percutaneously, transcystoscopically, or endoscopically, yet pancreas transplant surgeons often lack the skills to perform these types of biopsies. We have performed 160 laparoscopic pancreas biopsies in 95 patients. There were 146 simultaneous kidney-pancreas biopsies and 14 pancreas-only biopsies due to pancreas alone, kidney loss, or extraperitoneal kidney. Biopsies were performed for graft dysfunction (89) or per protocol (71). In 13 cases, an additional laparoscopic procedure was performed at the same operation. The pancreas diagnostic tissue yield was 91.2%; however, the pancreas could not be visualized in eight cases (5%) and in 6 cases the tissue sample was nondiagnostic (3.8%). The kidney tissue yield was 98.6%. There were four patients with intraoperative complications requiring laparotomy (2.5%) with two additional postoperative complications. Half of all these complications were kidney related. There were no episodes of pancreatic enzyme leak and there were no graft losses related to the procedure. We conclude that laparoscopic kidney and pancreas allograft biopsies can be safely performed with very high tissue yields. Fil: Uva, Pablo Daniel. Instituto de Nefrología de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Provincia de Formosa. Hospital de Alta Complejidad “Pte J. D. Peron”; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; Argentina Fil: Odorico, J. S.. University of Wisconsin; Estados Unidos Fil: Giunippero, Alejandro. Instituto de Nefrología de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Cabrera, I. C.. Instituto de Nefrología de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Gallo, A.. Instituto de Nefrología de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Leon, L. R.. Instituto de Nefrología de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Minué, Elena. Instituto de Nefrología de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Toniolo, Fernanda. Instituto de Nefrología de Buenos Aires; Argentina Fil: Gonzalez, I.. Provincia de Formosa. Hospital de Alta Complejidad “Pte J. D. Peron”; Argentina Fil: Chuluyan, Hector Eduardo. Instituto de Nefrología de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; Argentina Fil: Casadei, D. H.. Instituto de Nefrología de Buenos Aires; Argentina

Published
2017

15. Photobiomodulation induces antinociception, recovers structural aspects and regulates mitochondrial homeostasis in peripheral nerve of diabetic mice

Author

Victória Regina da Silva Oliveira, Marcos Vinicius Esteca, Camila Squarzoni Dale, Elaine F. Toniolo, Yoko Fee Bergmann, Diego Pulzatto Cury, Laura B. Yamashita, and Ii-Sei Watanabe

Subjects
Male, Nociception, Diabetic neuropathy, General Physics and Astronomy, Pharmacology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Animals, Homeostasis, General Materials Science, Low-Level Light Therapy, business.industry, General Engineering, Chronic pain, General Chemistry, medicine.disease, Streptozotocin, Sciatic Nerve, Peripheral, Biomechanical Phenomena, Mitochondria, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Nerve growth factor, Peripheral neuropathy, Sciatic nerve, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a nervous disorder caused by diabetes mellitus, affecting about 50% of patients in clinical medicine. Chronic pain is one of the major and most unpleasant symptoms developed by those patients, and conventional available treatments for the neuropathy, including the associated pain, are still unsatisfactory and benefit only a small number of patients. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been gaining clinical acceptance once it is able to promote early nerve regeneration resulting in significant improvement in peripheral nerves disabilities. In this work, the effects of PBM (660 nm, 30 mW, 1.6 J/cm2 , 0.28 cm2 , 15 s in a continuous frequency) on treating DPN-induced pain and nerve damage were evaluated in an experimental model of diabetic-neuropathy induced by streptozotocin in mice. PBM-induced antinociception in neuropathic-pain mice was dependent on central opioids release. After 21 consecutive applications, PBM increased nerve growth factor levels and induced structural recovery increasing mitochondrial content and regulating Parkin in the sciatic nerve of DPN-mice. Taking together, these data provide new insights into the mechanisms involved in the effects of PBM-therapy emphasizing its therapeutic potential in the treatment of DPN.

Published
2018

16. Storytelling crossmediale. Dalla letteratura ai videogiochi

Author

Cajelli, Diego, Toniolo, Francesco, F. Toniolo (ORCID:0000-0001-9763-965X), Cajelli, Diego, Toniolo, Francesco, and F. Toniolo (ORCID:0000-0001-9763-965X)

Abstract

Il libro propone un orientamento nel panorama delle narrazioni contemporanee, testuali e audiovisive, con particolare attenzione per la crossmedialità e i modelli di analisi di personaggi, figure archetipali e analisi delle storie.

Published
2018

17. Electrical stimulation of the insular cortex as a novel target for the relief of refractory pain: An experimental approach in rodents

Author

Heloísa Alonso-Matielo, Daniel Ciampi de Andrade, Luis Garcia-Larrea, Elaine F. Toniolo, Gerson Ballester, Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira, Camila Squarzoni Dale, and Luiz Fabio Dimov

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Deep brain stimulation, medicine.medical_treatment, Deep Brain Stimulation, Analgesic, Receptors, Opioid, mu, Stimulation, Motor Activity, Insular cortex, Nociceptive Pain, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, Random Allocation, 0302 clinical medicine, Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1, medicine, Animals, Periaqueductal Gray, CÓRTEX CEREBRAL DE ANIMAL, Cerebral Cortex, business.industry, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases, Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, Nociception, Touch, Brain stimulation, Neuropathic pain, Exploratory Behavior, Serotonin Antagonists, Primary motor cortex, Chronic Pain, business, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Cortical electrical stimulation (CES) has shown to be an effective therapeutic alternative for neuropathic pain refractory to pharmacological treatment. The primary motor cortex(M1) was the main cortical target used in the vast majority of both invasive and non-invasive studies. Despite positive results M1-based approaches still fail to relieve pain in a significant proportion of individuals. It has been advocated that the direct stimulation of cortical areas directly implicated in the central integration of pain could increase the efficacy of analgesic brain stimulation. Here, we evaluated the behavioral effects of electrical stimulation of the insular cortex (ESI) on pain sensitivity in an experimental rat model of peripheral neuropathy, and have described the pathways involved. Animals underwent chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve in the right hind limb and had concentric electrodes implanted in the posterior dysranular insular cortex. Mechanical nociception responses were evaluated before and at the end of a 15-min session of ESI (60Hz, 210μs, 1V). ESI reversed mechanical hypersensitivity in the paw contralateral to the brain hemisphere stimulated, without inducing motor impairment in the open-field test. Pharmacological blockade of μ-opioid (MOR) or type 1-cannabinoid receptors (CB1R) abolished ESI-induced antinociceptive effects. Evaluation of CB1R and MOR spatial expression demonstrated differential modulation of CB1R and MOR in the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) of ESI-treated rats in sub-areas involved in pain processing/modulation. These results indicate that ESI induces antinociception by functionally modulating opioid and cannabinoid systems in the PAG pain circuitry in rats with experimentally induced neuropathic pain.

Published
2017

18. AGH is a new hemoglobin alpha-chain fragment with antinociceptive activity

Author

Natalia Ribeiro, Lilian C. Russo, Camila Squarzoni Dale, Leandro M. Castro, Elaine F. Toniolo, Vanessa Rioli, and Emer S. Ferro

Subjects
Physiology, Proteolysis, Amino Acid Motifs, Receptors, Opioid, mu, Pain, Endogeny, Peptide, Carrageenan, Biochemistry, Substrate Specificity, Hemoglobins, Mice, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, medicine, Animals, Humans, Receptor, Inflammation, chemistry.chemical_classification, Analgesics, Thimet oligopeptidase, medicine.diagnostic_test, Metalloendopeptidases, Hemopressin, Rats, chemistry, Hyperalgesia, Hemoglobin, μ-opioid receptor, Halothane, Peptides
Abstract

Limited proteolysis of certain proteins leads to the release of endogenous bioactive peptides. Hemoglobin-derived peptides such as hemorphins and hemopressins are examples of intracellular protein-derived peptides that have antinociceptive effects by modulating G-protein coupled receptors activities. In the present study, a previously characterized substrate capture assay that uses a catalytically inactive form of the thimet oligopeptidase was combined with isotopic labeling and mass spectrometry in order to identify new bioactive peptides. Indeed, we have identified the peptide AGHLDDLPGALSAL (AGH), a fragment of the hemoglobin alpha-chain, which specifically bind to the inactive thimet oligopeptidase in the substrate capture assay. Previous peptidomics studies have identified the AGH as well as many other natural peptides derived from hemoglobin alpha-chain containing this sequence, further suggesting that AGH is a natural endogenous peptide. Pharmacological assays suggest that AGH inhibits peripheral inflammatory hyperalgesic responses through indirect activation of mu opioid receptors, without having a central nervous system activity. Therefore, we have successfully used the substrate capture assay to identify a new endogenous bioactive peptide derived from hemoglobin alpha-chain.

Published
2013

19. Antinociception induced by motor cortex stimulation: Somatotopy of behavioral response and profile of neuronal activation

Author

Nubia R.M. França, Elaine F. Toniolo, Adriano Cardozo Franciosi, Erich Talamoni Fonoff, Daniel Ciampi de Andrade, Adilson S. Alves, Camila Squarzoni Dale, and Luiz R.G. Britto

Subjects
Male, Pain Threshold, Time Factors, Sensory system, Periaqueductal gray, Functional Laterality, Behavioral Neuroscience, Physical Stimulation, Cortex (anatomy), Forelimb, Threshold of pain, medicine, Animals, Periaqueductal Gray, Single-Blind Method, Rats, Wistar, Electrodes, Early Growth Response Protein 1, Pain Measurement, Analysis of Variance, business.industry, Motor Cortex, Nociceptors, Extremities, Electric Stimulation, Rats, FISIOLOGIA, Disease Models, Animal, Oncogene Proteins v-fos, medicine.anatomical_structure, Nociception, Gene Expression Regulation, Spinal Cord, Hyperalgesia, Nociceptor, medicine.symptom, business, Neuroscience, Motor cortex
Abstract

Motor cortex stimulation (MCS) is used as a therapy for patients with refractory neuropathic pain. Experimental evidence suggests that the motor cortex (MC) is involved in the modulation of normal nociceptive response, but the underlying mechanisms have not been clarified yet. In previous studies, we demonstrated that MCS increases the nociceptive threshold of naive conscious rats by inhibiting thalamic sensory neurons and disinhibiting the neurons in periaqueductal gray (PAG), with the involvement of the opioid system. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible somatotopy of the motor cortex on MCS-induced antinociception and the pattern of neuronal activation evaluated by Fos and Egr-1 immunolabel in an attempt to better understand the relation between MC and analgesia. Rats received epidural electrode implants placed over the MC, in three distinct areas (forelimb, hindlimb or tail), according to a functional mapping established in previous studies. Nociceptive threshold was evaluated under 15-min electrical stimulating sessions. MCS induced selective antinociception in the limb related to the stimulated cortex, with no changes in other evaluated areas. MCS decreased Fos immunoreactivity (Fos-IR) in the superficial layers of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord for all evaluated groups and increased Fos-IR in the PAG, although no changes were observed in the PAG for the tail group. Egr-1 results were similar to those obtained for Fos. Data shown herein demonstrate that MCS elicits a substantial and selective antinociceptive effect, which is mediated, at least in part, by the activation of descendent inhibitory pain pathway.

Published
2013

20. Analgesic Effect of Photobiomodulation on Bothrops Moojeni Venom-Induced Hyperalgesia: A Mechanism Dependent on Neuronal Inhibition, Cytokines and Kinin Receptors Modulation

Author

Elaine F. Toniolo, Nikele Nadur-Andrade, Stella Regina Zamuner, José Antonio da Silva, Regiane dos Santos Feliciano, Camila Squarzoni Dale, and Victória Regina da Silva Oliveira

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Physiology, Antivenom, Snake Bites, Venom, Kinins, Pharmacology, Toxicology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nervous System, Bothrops moojeni, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune Physiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Toxins, Bothrops, Snakebite, Immune Response, Neurons, Innate Immune System, Analgesics, biology, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Kinin, ANATOMIA, Interleukin-10, Infectious Diseases, Allodynia, Nociception, Spinal Cord, Optical Equipment, Hyperalgesia, Anesthesia, Cytokines, Engineering and Technology, Female, medicine.symptom, Anatomy, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Snake Venoms, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, lcsh:RC955-962, Toxic Agents, Immunology, Equipment, 03 medical and health sciences, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnostic Medicine, medicine, Pain Management, Animals, Humans, Low-Level Light Therapy, Inflammation, business.industry, Venoms, Interleukin-6, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Lasers, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Biology and Life Sciences, lcsh:RA1-1270, Molecular Development, biology.organism_classification, Tropical Diseases, Neuroanatomy, 030104 developmental biology, Immune System, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neuroscience, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Background Envenoming induced by Bothrops snakebites is characterized by drastic local tissue damage that involves an intense inflammatory reaction and local hyperalgesia which are not neutralized by conventional antivenom treatment. Herein, the effectiveness of photobiomodulation to reduce inflammatory hyperalgesia induced by Bothrops moojeni venom (Bmv), as well as the mechanisms involved was investigated. Methodology/Principal Findings Bmv (1 μg) was injected through the intraplantar route in the right hind paw of mice. Mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia were evaluated by von Frey filaments at different time points after venom injection. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) was applied at the site of Bmv injection at wavelength of red 685 nm with energy density of 2.2 J/cm2 at 30 min and 3 h after venom inoculation. Neuronal activation in the dorsal horn spinal cord was determined by immunohistochemistry of Fos protein and the mRNA expression of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, B1 and B2 kinin receptors were evaluated by Real time-PCR 6 h after venom injection. Photobiomodulation reversed Bmv-induced mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia and decreased Fos expression, induced by Bmv as well as the mRNA levels of IL-6, TNF-α and B1 and B2 kinin receptors. Finally, an increase on IL-10, was observed following LLLT. Conclusion/Significance These data demonstrate that LLLT interferes with mechanisms involved in nociception and hyperalgesia and modulates Bmv-induced nociceptive signal. The use of photobiomodulation in reducing local pain induced by Bothropic venoms should be considered as a novel therapeutic tool for the treatment of local symptoms induced after bothropic snakebites., Author Summary Envenoming caused by Bothrops snakes is characterized by drastic local tissue damage involving hemorrhage, blistering, myonecrosis, prominent inflammatory response and intense pain. The most effective treatment for Bothrops snakebites is antivenom therapy, which is very efficient in reversing systemic effects of envenomation but not the severe local effects. Thus, there exists a need to find novel complementary therapies that may further assist in the prevention or even counteract the severe local effects of bothrops snakebite. Several studies have shown the effectiveness of photobiomodulation in reducing local effects induced by Bothropic venoms, however its mechanisms still remain unknown. In this study, we analyzed the effectiveness of photobiomodulation in reducing BmV-induced mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia as well as part of the mechanisms involved in such effect. Results demonstrate that photobiomodulation reduces venom-induced mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia and this effect depends on a decrease of nociceptor activation at the spinal cord level and by a modulation of pro- and anti- inflammatory cytokines as well as kinin receptors at mRNA transcriptional levels. These findings make phtobiomodulation a promising candidate to be associated to antivenom therapy for the treatment of the local response induced by Bothrops venoms.

Published
2016

21. AGH, a novel hemoglobin-derived peptide, targets serotonergic receptors to induce antinociception in mice, without inducing anxiety-depressive-like behavior

Author

Camila S. Dale, Patrícia Brigatte, Adriano C. Franciosi, and Elaine F. Toniolo

Subjects
Antinociception, Hemoglobin-derived peptides, Serotonin-receptors, Peptides, ANATOMIA, AGH
Abstract

AGH (AGHLDDLPGALSAL), a novel bioactive peptide derived from the alpha-chain of hemoglobin, induces peripheral antinociceptive effect in rats. In the present study the systemic antinociceptive profileof AGH was examined in mice evaluated by the hot plate test or in submitted to the CFA-induced mechanical hyperalgesia and evaluated by electronic von Frey. The mechanisms involved on AGH-induced antinociception as well as anxiety-depressive-like behaviorwere also evaluated. Intraperitoneal administration of AGH (25 mg/ Kg) reversed CFA-induced non-opioid mechanical allodynia at the 3rd and 6th h after its injection. On the other hand, an opioid-mediated antinociception was observed when mice were evaluated at the hot plate test. Intraperitoneal pretreatment with methysergide (5-HT serotonergic receptor antagonist) attenuated antinociceptive effect induced byAGH on CFA-induced hyperalgesia. However, yohimbine (α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist) did not affect antinociception. To investigate whether AGH could induce changes in spontaneous motor activity or anxiety-depressive-like behavior, mice were evaluated by the open field test, tail suspension test and forced swimming test, respectively. No behavioral changes were observed for AGH-treated mice. These results demonstrate that AGH induces systemic antinociception, by targeting serotonergic receptors and without inducing behavioral changes in mice.

Published
2016

22. Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Reduces Renal Injury in Rodent Models of Types 1 and 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Author

Maria F. Toniolo, Tham M. Yao, Vincent Ricchiuti, Gordon H. Williams, Luminita H. Pojoga, Eveline Oestreicher, Christine Guo, Nathalie Lapointe, Diego Martinez-Vasquez, Gail K. Adler, Taisuke Kikuchi, and Gonzalo P. Mendez

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Systole, Spironolactone, Kidney, Streptozocin, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, Mineralocorticoid receptor, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Albuminuria, Animals, Medicine, Diabetic Nephropathies, RNA, Messenger, Rats, Wistar, Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists, business.industry, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertrophy, medicine.disease, Streptozotocin, Eplerenone, Rats, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Receptors, Mineralocorticoid, medicine.anatomical_structure, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, chemistry, Osteopontin, medicine.symptom, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

To determine whether mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation plays a role in diabetic renal injury and whether this role differs in types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, we examined the effect of a MR antagonist on renal injury in rodent models of type 1 (streptozotocin-treated rat) and type 2 (db/db mouse) diabetes. We studied three groups of 8-wk-old, uninephrectomized Wistar rats for 4 wk: diabetic streptozotocin- (55 mg/kg) treated rats (n = 11), diabetic streptozotocin-treated rats receiving the MR antagonist eplerenone (n = 15), and nondiabetic rats (n = 9). In addition, we studied three groups of 8-wk-old mice for 16 wk: diabetic db/db mice (n = 10), diabetic db/db mice treated with eplerenone (n = 8), and nondiabetic, db/+ littermates (n = 11). Diabetic rats and mice developed albuminuria and histopathological evidence of renal injury, including glomerular hypertrophy, mesangial expansion, and tubulointerstitial injury as well as increased renal cortical levels of MR protein, MR mRNA, TGFβ mRNA, and osteopontin mRNA. All of these changes were significantly reduced by treatment with eplerenone except for the elevated MR levels. The beneficial effects of eplerenone were not attributable to changes in blood pressure or glycemia. In summary, MR expression was increased in kidneys of diabetic rodents, and MR antagonists effectively reduced diabetic renal injury irrespective of the species or specific cause of the diabetes. Thus, these data suggest that MR activation is a critical factor in the early pathogenesis of renal disease in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Published
2006

23. P300: avaliação eletrofisiológica da audição em crianças sem e com repetência escolar P300: electrophysiological avaliation of hearing in children who have never repeated and who have repeated at school

Author

Luciane S. Farias, Ivone F. Toniolo, and Pedro L. Cóser

Subjects
children, audiologia, lcsh:R, audiology, lcsh:Medicine, P300, lcsh:Otorhinolaryngology, lcsh:RF1-547, crianças
Abstract

OBJETIVO: Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de comparar os valores da latência do P300 em crianças de 8 a 13 anos de idade, do sexo feminino e do sexo masculino, sem e com repetência escolar. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Estudo clínico com coorte transversal. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram examinadas 60 crianças sem repetência e 43 crianças com repetência escolar. Todas as crianças foram submetidas à anamnese, audiometria tonal liminar, curva timpanométrica, reflexos auditivos contralaterais e o P300. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: Ao final desta pesquisa, concluiu-se que as crianças do grupo sem repetência escolar apresentaram valor da média aritmética da latência do P300 menor (332,25 ms), comparando-se ao grupo de crianças com repetência escolar (413,23 ms). As crianças do sexo feminino sem repetência escolar apresentaram valor da média aritmética da latência do P300 menor (328,37 ms), comparando-se às crianças do sexo masculino do mesmo grupo (337,68 ms). No grupo de crianças com repetência escolar, as crianças do sexo feminino também apresentaram valor da média aritmética da latência do P300 menor (387,50 ms), comparando-se às crianças do sexo masculino (423,19 ms). Finalmente, observou-se que os valores das médias aritméticas da latência do P300 apresentaram-se menores nas crianças do sexo feminino (328,37 ms) e do sexo masculino (337,68 ms) sem repetência escolar, comparando-se com os valores das médias aritméticas da latência do P300 nas crianças do sexo feminino (387,50 ms) e do sexo masculino (423,19 ms) com repetência escolar.AIM: This research was done with the objective to compare the values of latency of P300 in male and female kids 8 to 13 years of age, who have repeated at least a semester and who have not repeated any semester at school. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical study with transversal cohort. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Sixty kids who have never flunked at school and 43 kids who have already flunked were examined in public schools in Santa Maria. All kids were submitted to an anamnesis, pure tone audiometry, tympanometric curve, contra lateral reflexes auditory and P300. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At the end of this research it can be concluded that kids that have not repeated any year at school presented mean arithmetic latency value of P300 lower (332,25 ms), when compared to kids that have repeated (413,23 ms). Female children of the group that has no failure history at school have presented a mean arithmetic latency value of P300 lower (328,37 ms) than male kids (337,68 ms) of the same group. In the group of kids with failure history, the female kids have also shown mean arithmetic latency value of P300 lower (387,50 ms), compared to the male kids (423,19 ms). Finally lower mean arithmetic values of latency of P300 were observed in the group of both female (328,37 ms) and male kids (337,68 ms) who have not repeated at school when compared to the mean arithmetic values of latency of P300 in female (387,50 ms) and male kids (423,19 ms) who have repeated at school.

Published
2004

24. Hemopressin, an inverse agonist of cannabinoid receptors, inhibits neuropathic pain in rats

Author

Lakshmi A. Devi, Camila Squarzoni Dale, Dinah L. Ramos-Ortolaza, Lydia K. Miller, Andrea S. Heimann, Elaine F. Toniolo, Estêfani T. Maique, Wilson Alves Ferreira, and Emer S. Ferro

Subjects
AM251, Male, Cannabinoid receptor, Potassium Channels, Physiology, medicine.drug_class, Pharmacology, FARMACOLOGIA, Biochemistry, Article, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, Hemoglobins, Endocrinology, medicine, Animals, Rats, Wistar, 5-HT receptor, Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists, Cannabinoids, Receptor antagonist, Immunohistochemistry, Hemopressin, Peptide Fragments, Rats, chemistry, Neuropathic pain, Hyperalgesia, Neuralgia, medicine.symptom, medicine.drug
Abstract

Direct-acting cannabinoid receptor ligands are well known to reduce hyperalgesic responses after nerve injury, although their psychoactive side effects have damped enthusiasm for their therapeutic development. Hemopressin (Hp) is a nonapeptide that selectively binds CB1 cannabinoid receptors (CB 1 receptors) and exerts antinociceptive action in inflammatory pain models. We investigated the effect of Hp on neuropathic pain in rats subjected to chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve, and explored the mechanisms involved. Oral administration of Hp inhibits mechanical hyperalgesia of CCI-rats up to 6 h. Hp treatment also decreases Egr-1 immunoreactivity (Egr-1Ir) in the superficial layer of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord of CCI rats. The antinociceptive effect of Hp seems to be independent of inhibitory descending pain pathway since methysergide (5HT 1A receptor antagonist) and yohimbine (α-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist) were unable to prevent Hp antinociceptive effect. Hp decreased calcium flux on DRG neurons from CCI rats, similarly to that observed for AM251, a CB 1 receptor antagonist. We also investigated the effect of Hp on potassium channels of CCI rats using UCL 1684 (a blocker of Ca 2+ -activated K + channels) which reversed Hp-induced antinociception. Furthermore, concomitant administration of URB-584 (FAAH inhibitor) but not JZL-184 (MAGL inhibitor) potentiates antinociceptive effect of Hp in CCI rats indicating an involvement of anadamide on HP-induced antinociception. Together, these data demonstrate that Hp displays antinociception in pain from neuropathic etiology through local effects. The release of anandamide and the opening of peripheral K + channels are involved in the antinociceptive effect.

Published
2014

25. Analgesic effect of light-emitting diode (LED) therapy at wavelengths of 635 and 945 nm on Bothrops moojeni venom-induced hyperalgesia

Author

José Carlos Cogo, Elaine F. Toniolo, Nikele Nadur-Andrade, Stella Regina Zamuner, Carlos José de Lima, and Camila Squarzoni Dale

Subjects
Analgesic effect, Antivenom, Snake Bites, Venom, Pharmacology, complex mixtures, Biochemistry, Bothrops moojeni, Mice, medicine, Animals, Bothrops, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Low-Level Light Therapy, Analgesics, biology, Chemistry, Antivenins, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, ANATOMIA, Snake bites, Allodynia, Hyperalgesia, medicine.symptom
Abstract

Envenoming induced by Bothrops snakes is characterized by drastic local tissue damage involving hemorrhage, myonecrosis and proeminent inflammatory and hyperalgesic response. The most effective treatment is antivenom therapy, which is ineffective in neutralizing the local response. Herein, it was evaluated the effectiveness of light-emitting diode (LED) at wavelengths of 635 and 945 nm in reducing inflammatory hyperalgesia induced by Bothrops moojeni venom (BmV) in mice, produced by an subplantar injection of BmV (1 μg). Mechanical hyperalgesia and allodynia were assessed by von Frey filaments at 1, 3, 6 and 24 h after venom injection. The site of BmV injection (1.2 cm(2) ) was irradiated by LEDs at 30 min and 3 h after venom inoculation. Both 635 nm (110 mW, fluence of 3.76 J/cm(2) and 41 s of irradiation time) and 945 nm (120 mW, fluence of 3.8 J/cm(2) and 38 s of irradiation time) LED inhibited mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia of mice alone or in combination with antivenom treatment, even when the symptoms were already present. The effect of phototherapy in reducing local pain induced by BmV should be considered as a novel therapeutic tool for the treatment of local symptoms induced after bothropic snake bites.

Published
2014

26. The value of repeat kidney biopsy in quiescent Argentinian lupus nephritis patients

Author

Anthony Alvarado, A Malvar, B Lococo, Brad H. Rovin, F Toniolo, V Alberton, and Haikady N. Nagaraja

Subjects
Nephrology, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, medicine.medical_treatment, Biopsy, Clinical Decision-Making, Lupus nephritis, Argentina, Kidney, Gastroenterology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Young Adult, Rheumatology, Maintenance therapy, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Immunosuppression Therapy, Creatinine, Proteinuria, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Remission Induction, Immunosuppression, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Lupus Nephritis, chemistry, Cohort, Female, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Background The duration of maintenance therapy after induction therapy for lupus nephritis has not been rigorously established. A common practice is to maintain immunosuppression for 1–2 years after complete remission, and longer for partial remission. The present work addresses whether a repeat kidney biopsy might be informative in deciding who should continue immunosuppression after complete or partial remission. Methods The practice in a large Buenos Aires nephrology unit is to repeat a kidney biopsy before finalizing the decision to withdraw or continue immunosuppression. This work reports on a cohort of 25 Hispanic patients that had two or more kidney biopsies, the last occurring after at least 24 months of clinically quiescent disease. Results Despite normalization of serum creatinine and reduction of proteinuria to Conclusion These data suggest that a repeat biopsy may be useful in making the decision to withdraw or continue maintenance immunosuppression.

Published
2013

27. Commissioning of the CMS High-Level Trigger with cosmic rays

Author

Chatrchyan, S. Khachatryan, V Sirunyan, A. M. Adam, W. and Arnold, B. Bergauer, H. Bergauer, T. Dragicevic, M. and Eichberger, M. Eroe, J. Friedl, M. Fruehwirth, R. Ghete, V. M. Hammer, J. Haensel, S. Hoch, M. Hoermann, N. and Hrubec, J. Jeitler, M. Kasieczka, G. Kastner, K. and Krammer, M. Liko, D. de Abril, I. Magrans Mikulec, L. and Mittermayr, F. Neuherz, B. Oberegger, M. Padrta, M. and Pernicka, M. Rohringer, H. Schmid, S. Schoefbeck, R. and Schreiner, T. Stark, R. Steininger, H. Strauss, J. and Taurok, A. Teischinger, F. Themel, T. Uhl, D. Wagner, P. and Waltenberger, W. Walzel, G. Widl, E. Wulz, C-E and Chekhovsky, V Dvornikov, O. Emeliantchik, I Litomin, A. and Makarenko, V Marfin, I Mossolov, V Shumeiko, N. Solin, A. Stefanovitch, R. Gonzalez, J. Suarez Tikhonov, A. and Fedorov, A. Karneyeu, A. Korzhik, M. Panov, V Zuyeuski, R. Kuchinsky, P. Beaumont, W. Benucci, L. Cardaci, M. and De Wolf, E. A. Delmeire, E. Druzhkin, D. Hashemi, M. and Janssen, X. Maes, T. Mucibello, L. Ochesanu, S. Rougny, R. Selvaggi, M. Van Haevermaet, H. Van Mechelen, P. Van Remortel, N. Adler, V Beauceron, S. Blyweert, S. and D'Hondt, J. De Weirdt, S. Devroede, O. Heyninck, J. and Kalogeropoulos, A. Maes, J. Maes, M. Mozer, M. U. and Tavernier, S. Van Doninck, W. Van Mulders, P. Villella, I and Bouhali, O. Chabert, E. C. Charaf, O. Clerbaux, B. and De Lentdecker, G. Dero, V Elgammal, S. Gay, A. P. R. and Hammad, G. H. Marage, P. E. Rugovac, S. Vander Velde, C. and Vanlaer, P. Wickens, J. Grunewald, M. Klein, B. Marinov, A. Ryckbosch, D. Thyssen, F. Tytgat, M. Vanelderen, L. and Verwilligen, P. Basegmez, S. Bruno, G. Caudron, J. and Delaere, C. Demin, P. Favart, D. Giammanco, A. Gregoire, G. Lemaitre, V Militaru, O. Ovyn, S. Piotrzkowski, K. and Quertenmont, L. Schul, N. Beliy, N. Daubie, E. and Alves, G. A. Pol, M. E. Souza, M. H. G. Carvalho, W. De Jesus Damiao, D. De Oliveira Martins, C. Fonseca De Souza, S. and Mundim, L. Oguri, V Santoro, A. Silva Do Amaral, S. M. and Sznajder, A. Fernandez Perez Tomei, T. R. Ferreira Dias, M. A. Gregores, E. M. Novaes, S. R. Abadjiev, K. Anguelov, T. Damgov, J. Darmenov, N. Dimitrov, L. Genchev, V and Iaydjiev, P. Piperov, S. Stoykova, S. Sultanov, G. and Trayanov, R. Vankov, I Dimitrov, A. Dyulendarova, M. and Kozhuharov, V Litov, L. Marinova, E. Mateev, M. Pavlov, B. Petkov, P. Toteva, Z. Chen, G. M. Chen, H. S. and Guan, W. Jiang, C. H. Liang, D. Liu, B. Meng, X. and Tao, J. Wang, J. Wang, Z. Xue, Z. Zhang, Z. Ban, Y. and Cai, J. Ge, Y. Guo, S. Hu, Z. Mao, Y. Qian, S. J. Teng, H. Zhu, B. Avila, C. Baquero Ruiz, M. and Carrillo Montoya, C. A. Gomez, A. Gomez Moreno, B. Ocampo Rios, A. A. Osorio Oliveros, A. F. Reyes Romero, D. and Sanabria, J. C. Godinovic, N. Lelas, K. Plestina, R. and Polic, D. Puljak, I Antunovic, Z. Dzelalija, M. and Brigljevic, V Duric, S. Kadija, K. Morovic, S. Fereos, R. Galanti, M. Mousa, J. Papadakis, A. Ptochos, F. and Razis, P. A. Tsiakkouri, D. Zinonos, Z. Hektor, A. and Kadastik, M. Kannike, K. Muntel, M. Raidal, M. Rebane, L. Anttila, E. Czellar, S. Harkonen, J. Heikkinen, A. and Karimaki, V Kinnunen, R. Klem, J. Kortelainen, M. J. and Lampen, T. Lassila-Perini, K. Lehti, S. Linden, T. and Luukka, P. Maenpaa, T. Nysten, J. Tuominen, E. and Tuominiemi, J. Ungaro, D. Wendland, L. Banzuzi, K. and Korpela, A. Tuuva, T. Nedelec, P. Sillou, D. Besancon, M. Chipaux, R. Dejardin, M. Denegri, D. Descamps, J. and Fabbro, B. Faure, J. L. Ferri, F. Ganjour, S. Gentit, F. X. Givernaud, A. Gras, P. de Monchenault, G. Hamel and Jarry, P. Lemaire, M. C. Locci, E. Malcles, J. and Marionneau, M. Millischer, L. Rander, J. Rosowsky, A. and Rousseau, D. Titov, M. Verrecchia, P. Baffioni, S. and Bianchini, L. Bluj, M. Busson, P. Charlot, C. and Dobrzynski, L. de Cassagnac, R. Granier Haguenauer, M. Mine, P. Paganini, P. Sirois, Y. Thiebaux, C. Zabi, A. and Agram, J-L Besson, A. Bloch, D. Bodin, D. Brom, J-M and Conte, E. Drouhin, F. Fontaine, J-C Gele, D. Goerlach, U. Gross, L. Juillot, P. Le Bihan, A-C Patois, Y. and Speck, J. Van Hove, P. Baty, C. Bedjidian, M. Blaha, J. and Boudoul, G. Brun, H. Chanon, N. Chierici, R. and Contardo, D. Depasse, P. Dupasquier, T. El Mamouni, H. and Fassi, F. Fay, J. Gascon, S. Ille, B. Kurca, T. Le Grand, T. Lethuillier, M. Lumb, N. Mirabito, L. Perries, S. Vander Donckt, M. Verdier, P. Djaoshvili, N. and Roinishvili, N. Roinishvili, V Amaglobeli, N. Adolphi, R. and Anagnostou, G. Brauer, R. Braunschweig, W. Edelhoff, M. and Esser, H. Feld, L. Karpinski, W. Khomich, A. Klein, K. Mohr, N. Ostaptchouk, A. Pandoulas, D. Pierschel, G. and Raupach, F. Schael, S. von Dratzig, A. Schultz and Schwering, G. Sprenger, D. Thomas, M. Weber, M. Wittmer, B. Wlochal, M. Actis, O. Altenhoefer, G. Bender, W. and Biallass, P. Erdmann, M. Fetchenhauer, G. Frangenheim, J. and Hebbeker, T. Hilgers, G. Hinzmann, A. Hoepfner, K. and Hof, C. Kirsch, M. Klimkovich, T. Kreuzer, P. Lanske, D. and Merschmeyer, M. Meyer, A. Philipps, B. Pieta, H. and Reithler, H. Schmitz, S. A. Sonnenschein, L. Sowa, M. and Steggemann, J. Szczesny, H. Teyssier, D. Zeidler, C. and Bontenackels, M. Davids, M. Duda, M. Fluegge, G. Geenen, H. Giffels, M. Ahmad, W. Haj Hermanns, T. Heydhausen, D. and Kalinin, S. Kress, T. Linn, A. Nowack, A. Perchalla, L. Poettgens, M. Pooth, O. Sauerland, P. Stahl, A. and Tornier, D. Zoeller, M. H. Martin, M. Aldaya Behrens, U. and Borras, K. Campbell, A. Castro, E. Dammann, D. Eckerlin, G. Flossdorf, A. Flucke, G. Geiser, A. Hatton, D. and Hauk, J. Jung, H. Kasemann, M. Katkov, I Kleinwort, C. and Kluge, H. Knutsson, A. Kuznetsova, E. Lange, W. and Lohmann, W. Mankel, R. Marienfeld, M. Meyer, A. B. and Miglioranzi, S. Mnich, J. Ohlerich, M. Olzem, J. and Parenti, A. Rosemann, C. Schmidt, R. Schoerner-Sadenius, T. and Volyanskyy, D. Wissing, C. Zeuner, W. D. Autermann, C. and Bechtel, F. Draeger, J. Eckstein, D. Gebbert, U. and Kaschube, K. Kaussen, G. Klanner, R. 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Abstract

The CMS High-Level Trigger (HLT) is responsible for ensuring that data samples with potentially interesting events are recorded with high efficiency and good quality. This paper gives an overview of the HLT and focuses on its commissioning using cosmic rays. The selection of triggers that were deployed is presented and the online grouping of triggered events into streams and primary datasets is discussed. Tools for online and offline data quality monitoring for the HLT are described, and the operational performance of the muon HLT algorithms is reviewed. The average time taken for the HLT selection and its dependence on detector and operating conditions are presented. The HLT performed reliably and helped provide a large dataset. This dataset has proven to be invaluable for understanding the performance of the trigger and the CMS experiment as a whole.

Published
2010

28. Performance of the CMS drift-tube chamber local trigger with cosmic rays

Author

Chatrchyan, S. Khachatryan, V. Sirunyan, A.M. Adam, W. Arnold, B. Bergauer, H. Bergauer, T. Dragicevic, M. Eichberger, M. Erö, J. Friedl, M. Frühwirth, R. Ghete, V.M. Hammer, J. Hansel, S. Hoch, M. Hörmann, N. Hrubec, J. Jeitler, M. Kasieczka, G. Kastner, K. Krammer, M. Liko, D. De Magrans Abril, I. Mikulec, I. Mittermayr, F. Neuherz, B. Oberegger, M. Padrta, M. Pernicka, M. Rohringer, H. Schmid, S. Schöfbeck, R. Schreiner, T. Stark, R. Steininger, H. Strauss, J. Taurok, A. Teischinger, F. Themel, T. Uhl, D. Wagner, P. Waltenberger, W. Walzel, G. Widl, E. Wulz, C.-E. Chekhovsky, V. Dvornikov, O. Emeliantchik, I. Litomin, A. Makarenko, V. Marfin, I. Mossolov, V. Shumeiko, N. Solin, A. Stefanovitch, R. Suarez Gonzalez, J. Tikhonov, A. Fedorov, A. Karneyeu, A. Korzhik, M. Panov, V. Zuyeuski, R. Kuchinsky, P. Beaumont, W. Benucci, L. Cardaci, M. De Wolf, E.A. Delmeire, E. Druzhkin, D. Hashemi, M. Janssen, X. Maes, T. Mucibello, L. Ochesanu, S. Rougny, R. Selvaggi, M. Van Haevermaet, H. Van Mechelen, P. Van Remortel, N. Adler, V. Beauceron, S. Blyweert, S. D'Hondt, J. De Weirdt, S. Devroede, O. Heyninck, J. Kalogeropoulos, A. Maes, J. Maes, M. Mozer, M.U. Tavernier, S. Van Doninck, W. Van Mulders, P. Villella, I. Bouhali, O. Chabert, E.C. Charaf, O. Clerbaux, B. De Lentdecker, G. Dero, V. Elgammal, S. Gay, A.P.R. Hammad, G.H. Marage, P.E. Rugovac, S. Vander Velde, C. Vanlaer, P. Wickens, J. Grunewald, M. Klein, B. Marinov, A. Ryckbosch, D. Thyssen, F. Tytgat, M. Vanelderen, L. Verwilligen, P. Basegmez, S. Bruno, G. Caudron, J. Delaere, C. Demin, P. Favart, D. Giammanco, A. Grégoire, G. Lemaitre, V. Militaru, O. Ovyn, S. Piotrzkowski, K. Quertenmont, L. Schul, N. Beliy, N. Daubie, E. Alves, G.A. Pol, M.E. Souza, M.H.G. Carvalho, W. De Jesus Damiao, D. De Oliveira Martins, C. De Fonseca Souza, S. Mundim, L. Oguri, V. Santoro, A. Silva Do Amaral, S.M. Sznajder, A. Fernandez Perez Tomei, T.R. Ferreira Dias, M.A. Gregores, E.M. Novaes, S.F. Abadjiev, K. Anguelov, T. 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Maillefaud, J.D. Maire, G. Mäki, T. Malgeri, L. Mannelli, M. Masetti, L. Meijers, F. Meridiani, P. Mersi, S. Meschi, E. Meynet Cordonnier, A. Moser, R. Mulders, M. Mulon, J. Noy, M. Oh, A. Olesen, G. Onnela, A. Orimoto, T. Orsini, L. Perez, E. Perinic, G. Pernot, J.F. Petagna, P. Petiot, P. Petrilli, A. Pfeiffer, A. Pierini, M. Pimiä, M. Pintus, R. Pirollet, B. Postema, H. Racz, A. Ravat, S. Rew, S.B. Rodrigues Antunes, J. Rolandi, G. Rovere, M. Ryjov, V. Sakulin, H. Samyn, D. Sauce, H. Schäfer, C. Schlatter, W.D. Schröder, M. Schwick, C. Sciaba, A. Segoni, I. Sharma, A. Siegrist, N. Siegrist, P. Sinanis, N. Sobrier, T. Sphicas, P. Spiga, D. Spiropulu, M. Stöckli, F. Traczyk, P. Tropea, P. Troska, J. Tsirou, A. Veillet, L. Veres, G.I. Voutilainen, M. Wertelaers, P. Zanetti, M. Bertl, W. Deiters, K. Erdmann, W. Gabathuler, K. Horisberger, R. Ingram, Q. Kaestli, H.C. König, S. Kotlinski, D. Langenegger, U. Meier, F. Renker, D. Rohe, T. Sibille, J. Starodumov, A. Betev, B. Caminada, L. Chen, Z. Cittolin, S. Da Silva Di Calafiori, D.R. Dambach, S. Dissertori, G. Dittmar, M. Eggel, C. Eugster, J. Faber, G. Freudenreich, K. Grab, C. Hervé, A. Hintz, W. Lecomte, P. Luckey, P.D. Lustermann, W. Marchica, C. Milenovic, P. Moortgat, F. Nardulli, A. Nessi-Tedaldi, F. Pape, L. Pauss, F. Punz, T. Rizzi, A. Ronga, F.J. Sala, L. Sanchez, A.K. Sawley, M.-C. Sordini, V. Stieger, B. Tauscher, L. Thea, A. Theofilatos, K. Treille, D. Trüb, P. Weber, M. Wehrli, L. Weng, J. Zelepoukine, S. Amsler, C. Chiochia, V. De Visscher, S. Regenfus, C. Robmann, P. Rommerskirchen, T. Schmidt, A. Tsirigkas, D. Wilke, L. Chang, Y.H. Chen, E.A. Chen, W.T. Go, A. Kuo, C.M. Li, S.W. Lin, W. Bartalini, P. Chang, P. Chao, Y. Chen, K.F. Hou, W.-S. Hsiung, Y. Lei, Y.J. Lin, S.W. Lu, R.-S. Schümann, J. Shiu, J.G. Tzeng, Y.M. Ueno, K. Velikzhanin, Y. Wang, C.C. Wang, M. Adiguzel, A. Ayhan, A. Azman Gokce, A. Bakirci, M.N. Cerci, S. Dumanoglu, I. Eskut, E. Girgis, S. Gurpinar, E. Hos, I. Karaman, T. Karaman, T. Kayis Topaksu, A. Kurt, P. Önengüt, G. Önengüt Gökbulut, G. Ozdemir, K. Ozturk, S. Polatöz, A. Sogut, K. Tali, B. Topakli, H. Uzun, D. Vergili, L.N. Vergili, M. Akin, I.V. Aliev, T. Bilmis, S. Deniz, M. Gamsizkan, H. Guler, A.M. Öcalan, K. Serin, M. Sever, R. Surat, U.E. Zeyrek, M. Deliomeroglu, M. Demir, D. Gülmez, E. Halu, A. Isildak, B. Kaya, M. Kaya, O. Ozkorucuklu, S. Sonmez, N. Levchuk, L. Lukyanenko, S. Soroka, D. Zub, S. Bostock, F. Brooke, J.J. Cheng, T.L. Cussans, D. Frazier, R. Goldstein, J. Grant, N. Hansen, M. Heath, G.P. Heath, H.F. Hill, C. Huckvale, B. Jackson, J. MacKay, C.K. Metson, S. Newbold, D.M. Nirunpong, K. Smith, V.J. Velthuis, J. Walton, R. Bell, K.W. Brew, C. Brown, R.M. Camanzi, B. Cockerill, D.J.A. Coughlan, J.A. Geddes, N.I. Harder, K. Harper, S. Kennedy, B.W. Murray, P. Shepherd-Themistocleous, C.H. Tomalin, I.R. Williams, J.H. Womersley, W.J. Worm, S.D. Bainbridge, R. Ball, G. Ballin, J. Beuselinck, R. Buchmuller, O. Colling, D. Cripps, N. Davies, G. Delia Negra, M. Foudas, C. Fulcher, J. Futyan, D. Hall, G. Hays, J. Iles, G. Karapostoli, G. MacEvoy, B.C. Magnan, A.-M. Marrouche, J. Nash, J. Nikitenko, A. Papageorgiou, A. Pesaresi, M. Petridis, K. Pioppi, M. Raymond, D.M. Rompotis, N. Rose, A. Ryan, M.J. Seez, C. Sharp, P. Sidiropoulos, G. Stettler, M. Stoye, M. Takahashi, M. Tapper, A. Timlin, C. Tourneur, S. Vazquez Acosta, M. Virdee, T. Wakefield, S. Wardrope, D. Whyntie, T. Wingham, M. Cole, J.E. Goitom, I. Hobson, P.R. Khan, A. Kyberd, P. Leslie, D. Munro, C. Reid, I.D. Siamitros, C. Taylor, R. Teodorescu, L. Yaselli, I. Bose, T. Carleton, M. Hazen, E. Heering, A.H. Heister, A. St John, J. Lawson, P. Lazic, D. Osborne, D. Rohlf, J. Sulak, L. Wu, S. Andrea, J. Avetisyan, A. Bhattacharya, S. Chou, J.P. Cutts, D. Esen, S. Kukartsev, G. Landsberg, G. Narain, M. Nguyen, D. Speer, T. Tsang, K.V. Breedon, R. De La Calderón Barca Sanchez, M. Case, M. Cebra, D. Chertok, M. Conway, J. Cox, P.T. Dolen, J. Erbacher, R. Friis, E. Ko, W. Kopecky, A. Lander, R. Lister, A. Liu, H. Maruyama, S. Miceli, T. Nikolic, M. Pellett, D. Robles, J. Searle, M. Smith, J. Squires, M. Stilley, J. Tripathi, M. Vasquez Sierra, R. Veelken, C. Andreev, V. Arisaka, K. Cline, D. Cousins, R. Erhan, S. Hauser, J. Ignatenko, M. Jarvis, C. Mumford, J. Plager, C. Rakness, G. Schlein, P. Tucker, J. Valuev, V. Wallny, R. Yang, X. Babb, J. Bose, M. Chandra, A. Clare, R. Ellison, J.A. Gary, J.W. Hanson, G. Jeng, G.Y. Kao, S.C. Liu, F. Liu, H. Luthra, A. Nguyen, H. Pasztor, G. Satpathy, A. Shen, B.C. Stringer, R. Sturdy, J. Sytnik, V. Wilken, R. Wimpenny, S. Branson, J.G. Dusinberre, E. Evans, D. Golf, F. Kelley, R. Lebourgeois, M. Letts, J. Lipeles, E. Mangano, B. Muelmenstaedt, J. Norman, M. Padhi, S. Petrucci, A. Pi, H. Pieri, M. Ranieri, R. Sani, M. Sharma, V. Simon, S. Würthwein, F. Yagil, A. Campagnari, C. D'Alfonso, M. Danielson, T. Garberson, J. Incandela, J. Justus, C. Kalavase, P. Koay, S.A. Kovalskyi, D. Krutelyov, V. Lamb, J. Lowette, S. Pavlunin, V. Rebassoo, F. Ribnik, J. Richman, J. Rossin, R. Stuart, D. To, W. Vlimant, J.R. Witherell, M. Apresyan, A. Bornheim, A. Bunn, J. Chiorboli, M. Gataullin, M. Kcira, D. Litvine, V. Ma, Y. Newman, H.B. Rogan, C. Timciuc, V. Veverka, J. Wilkinson, R. Yang, Y. Zhang, L. Zhu, K. Zhu, R.Y. Akgun, B. Carroll, R. Ferguson, T. Jang, D.W. Jun, S.Y. Paulini, M. Russ, J. Terentyev, N. Vogel, H. Vorobiev, I. Cumalat, J.P. Dinardo, M.E. Drell, B.R. Ford, W.T. Heyburn, B. Luiggi Lopez, E. Nauenberg, U. Stenson, K. Ulmer, K. Wagner, S.R. Zang, S.L. Agostino, L. Alexander, J. Blekman, F. Cassel, D. Chatterjee, A. Das, S. Gibbons, L.K. Heltsley, B. Hopkins, W. Khukhunaishvili, A. Kreis, B. Kuznetsov, V. Patterson, J.R. Puigh, D. Ryd, A. Shi, X. Stroiney, S. Sun, W. Teo, W.D. Thom, J. Vaughan, J. Weng, Y. Wittich, P. Beetz, C.P. Cirino, G. Sanzeni, C. Winn, D. Abdullin, S. Afaq, M.A. Albrow, M. Ananthan, B. Apollinari, G. Afaq, M. Badgett, W. Bagby, L. Bakken, J.A. Baldin, B. Banerjee, S. Banicz, K. Bauerdick, L.A.T. Beretvas, A. Berryhill, J. Bhat, P.C. Biery, K. Binkley, M. Bloch, I. Borcherding, F. Brett, A.M. Burkett, K. Butler, J.N. Chetluru, V. Cheung, H.W.K. Chlebana, F. Churin, I. Cihangir, S. Crawford, M. Dagenhart, W. Demarteau, M. Derylo, G. Dykstra, D. Eartly, D.P. Elias, J.E. Elvira, V.D. Evans, D. Feng, L. Fischler, M. Fisk, I. Foulkes, S. Freeman, J. Gartung, P. Gottschalk, E. Grassi, T. Green, D. Guo, Y. Gutsche, O. Hahn, A. Hanlon, J. Harris, R.M. Holzman, B. Howell, J. Hufnagel, D. James, E. Jensen, H. Johnson, M. Jones, C.D. Joshi, U. Juska, E. Kaiser, J. Klima, B. Kossiakov, S. Kousouris, K. Kwan, S. Lei, C.M. Limon, P. Lopez Perez, J.A. Los, S. Lueking, L. Lukhanin, G. Lusin, S. Lykken, J. Maeshima, K. Marraffino, J.M. Mason, D. McBride, P. Miao, T. Mishra, K. Moccia, S. Mommsen, R. Mrenna, S. Muhammad, A.S. Newman-Holmes, C. Noeding, C. O'Dell, V. Prokofyev, O. Rivera, R. Rivetta, C.H. Ronzhin, A. Rossman, P. Ryu, S. Sekhri, V. Sexton-Kennedy, E. Sfiligoi, I. Sharma, S. Shaw, T.M. Shpakov, D. Skup, E. Smith, R.P. Soha, A. Spalding, W.J. Spiegel, L. Suzuki, I. Tan, P. Tanenbaum, W. Tkaczyk, S. Trentadue, R. Uplegger, L. Vaandering, E.W. Vidal, R. Whitmore, J. Wicklund, E. Wu, W. Yarba, J. Yumiceva, F. Yun, J.C. Acosta, D. Avery, P. Barashko, V. Bourilkov, D. Chen, M. Di Giovanni, G.P. Dobur, D. Drozdetskiy, A. Field, R.D. Fu, Y. Furic, I.K. Gartner, J. Holmes, D. Kim, B. Klimenko, S. Konigsberg, J. Korytov, A. Kotov, K. Kropivnitskaya, A. Kypreos, T. Madorsky, A. Matchev, K. Mitselmakher, G. Pakhotin, Y. Piedra Gomez, J. Prescott, C. Rapsevicius, V. Remington, R. Schmitt, M. Scurlock, B. Wang, D. Yelton, J. Ceron, C. Gaultney, V. Kramer, L. Lebolo, L.M. Linn, S. Markowitz, P. Martinez, G. Rodriguez, J.L. Adams, T. Askew, A. Baer, H. Bertoldi, M. Chen, J. Dharmaratna, W.G.D. Gleyzer, S.V. Haas, J. Hagopian, S. Hagopian, V. Jenkins, M. Johnson, K.F. Prettner, E. Prosper, H. Sekmen, S. Baarmand, M.M. Guragain, S. Hohlmann, M. Kalakhety, H. Mermerkaya, H. Ralich, R. Vodopiyanov, I. Abelev, B. Adams, M.R. Anghel, I.M. Apanasevich, L. Bazterra, V.E. Betts, R.R. Callner, J. Castro, M.A. Cavanaugh, R. Dragoiu, C. Garcia-Solis, E.J. Gerber, C.E. Hofman, D.J. Khalatian, S. Mironov, C. Shabalina, E. Smoron, A. Varelas, N. Akgun, U. Albayrak, E.A. Ayan, A.S. Bilki, B. Briggs, R. Cankocak, K. Chung, K. Clarida, W. Debbins, P. Duru, F. Ingram, F.D. Lae, C.K. McCliment, E. Merlo, J.-P. Mestvirishvili, A. Miller, M.J. Moeller, A. Nachtman, J. Newsom, C.R. Norbeck, E. Olson, J. Onel, Y. Ozok, F. Parsons, J. Schmidt, I. Sen, S. Wetzel, J. Yetkin, T. Yi, K. Barnett, B.A. Blumenfeld, B. Bonato, A. Chien, C.Y. Fehling, D. Giurgiu, G. Gritsan, A.V. Guo, Z.J. Maksimovic, P. Rappoccio, S. Swartz, M. Tran, N.V. Zhang, Y. Baringer, P. Bean, A. Grachov, O. Murray, M. Radicci, V. Sanders, S. Wood, J.S. Zhukova, V. Bandurin, D. Bolton, T. Kaadze, K. Liu, A. Maravin, Y. Onoprienko, D. Svintradze, I. Wan, Z. Gronberg, J. Hollar, J. Lange, D. Wright, D. Baden, D. Bard, R. Boutemeur, M. Eno, S.C. Ferencek, D. Hadley, N.J. Kellogg, R.G. Kirn, M. Kunori, S. Rossato, K. Rumerio, P. Santanastasio, F. Skuja, A. Temple, J. Tonjes, M.B. Tonwar, S.C. Toole, T. Twedt, E. Alver, B. Bauer, G. Bendavid, J. Busza, W. Butz, E. Cali, I.A. Chan, M. D'Enterria, D. Everaerts, P. Gomez Ceballos, G. Hahn, K.A. Harris, P. Jaditz, S. Kim, Y. Klute, M. Lee, Y.-J. Li, W. Loizides, C. Ma, T. Miller, M. Nahn, S. Paus, C. Roland, C. Roland, G. Rudolph, M. Stephans, G. Sumorok, K. Sung, K. Vaurynovich, S. Wenger, E.A. Wyslouch, B. Xie, S. Yilmaz, Y. Yoon, A.S. Bailleux, D. Cooper, S.I. Cushman, P. Dahmes, B. De Benedetti, A. Dolgopolov, A. Dudero, P.R. Egeland, R. Franzoni, G. Haupt, J. Inyakin, A. Klapoetke, K. Kubota, Y. Mans, J. Mirman, N. Petyt, D. Rekovic, V. Rusack, R. Schroeder, M. Singovsky, A. Zhang, J. Cremaldi, L.M. Godang, R. Kroeger, R. Perera, L. Rahmat, R. Sanders, D.A. Sonnek, P. Summers, D. Bloom, K. Bockelman, B. Bose, S. Butt, J. Claes, D.R. Dominguez, A. Eads, M. Keller, J. Kelly, T. Kravchenko, I. Lazo-Flores, J. Lundstedt, C. Malbouisson, H. Malik, S. Snow, G.R. Baur, U. Iashvili, I. Kharchilava, A. Kumar, A. Smith, K. Strang, M. Alverson, G. Barberis, E. Boeriu, O. Eulisse, G. Govi, G. McCauley, T. Musienko, Y. Muzaffar, S. Osborne, I. Paul, T. Reucroft, S. Swain, J. Taylor, L. Tuura, L. Anastassov, A. Gobbi, B. Kubik, A. Ofierzynski, R.A. Pozdnyakov, A. Schmitt, M. Stoynev, S. Velasco, M. Won, S. Antonelli, L. Berry, D. Hildreth, M. Jessop, C. Karmgard, D.J. Kolberg, T. Lannon, K. Lynch, S. Marinelli, N. Morse, D.M. Ruchti, R. Slaunwhite, J. Warchol, J. Wayne, M. Bylsma, B. Durkin, L.S. Gilmore, J. Gu, J. Killewald, P. Ling, T.Y. Williams, G. Adam, N. Berry, E. Elmer, P. Garmash, A. Gerbaudo, D. Halyo, V. Hunt, A. Jones, J. Laird, E. Marlow, D. Medvedeva, T. Mooney, M. Olsen, J. Piroué, P. Stickland, D. Tully, C. Werner, J.S. Wildish, T. Xie, Z. Zuranski, A. Acosta, J.G. Bonnett Del Alamo, M. Huang, X.T. Lopez, A. Mendez, H. Oliveros, S. Ramirez Vargas, J.E. Santacruz, N. Zatzerklyany, A. Alagoz, E. Antillon, E. Barnes, V.E. Bolla, G. Bortoletto, D. Everett, A. Garfinkel, A.F. Geese, Z. Gutay, L. Ippolito, N. Jones, M. Koybasi, O. Laasanen, A.T. Leonardo, N. Liu, C. Maroussov, V. Merkel, P. Miller, D.H. Neumeister, N. Sedov, A. Shipsey, I. Yoo, H.D. Zheng, Y. Jindal, P. Parashar, N. Cuplov, V. Ecklund, K.M. Geurts, F.J.M. Liu, J.H. Maronde, D. Matveev, M. Padley, B.P. Redjimi, R. Roberts, J. Sabbatini, L. Tumanov, A. Betchart, B. Bodek, A. Budd, H. Chung, Y.S. De Barbaro, P. Demina, R. Flacher, H. Gotra, Y. Harel, A. Korjenevski, S. Miner, D.C. Orbaker, D. Petrillo, G. Vishnevskiy, D. Zielinski, M. Bhatti, A. Demortier, L. Goulianos, K. Hatakeyama, K. Lungu, G. Mesropian, C. Yan, M. Atramentov, O. Bartz, E. Gershtein, Y. Halkiadakis, E. Hits, D. Lath, A. Rose, K. Schnetzer, S. Somalwar, S. Stone, R. Thomas, S. Watts, T.L. Cerizza, G. Hollingsworth, M. Spanier, S. Yang, Z.C. York, A. Asaadi, J. Aurisano, A. Eusebi, R. Golyash, A. Gurrola, A. Kamon, T. Nguyen, C.N. Pivarski, J. Safonov, A. Sengupta, S. Toback, D. Weinberger, M. Akchurin, N. Berntzon, L. Gumus, K. Jeong, C. Kim, H. Lee, S.W. Popescu, S. Roh, Y. Sill, A. Volobouev, I. Washington, E. Wigmans, R. Yazgan, E. Engh, D. Florez, C. Johns, W. Pathak, S. Sheldon, P. Andelin, D. Arenton, M.W. Balazs, M. Boutle, S. Buehler, M. Conetti, S. Cox, B. Hirosky, R. Ledovskoy, A. Neu, C. Phillips II, D. Ronquest, M. Yohay, R. Gollapinni, S. Gunthoti, K. Harr, R. Karchin, P.E. Mattson, M. Sakharov, A. Anderson, M. Bachtis, M. Bellinger, J.N. Carlsmith, D. Crotty, I. Dasu, S. Dutta, S. Efron, J. Feyzi, F. Flood, K. Gray, L. Grogg, K.S. Grothe, M. Hall-Wilton, R. Jaworski, M. Klabbers, P. Klukas, J. Lanaro, A. Lazaridis, C. Leonard, J. Loveless, R. De Magrans Abril, M. Mohapatra, A. Ott, G. Polese, G. Reeder, D. Savin, A. Smith, W.H. Sourkov, A. Swanson, J. Weinberg, M. Wenman, D. Wensveen, M. White, A.

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics::Accelerator Physics
Abstract

The performance of the Local Trigger based on the drift-tube system of the CMS experiment has been studied using muons from cosmic ray events collected during the commissioning of the detector in 2008. The properties of the system are extensively tested and compared with the simulation. The effect of the random arrival time of the cosmic rays on the trigger performance is reported, and the results are compared with the design expectations for proton-proton collisions and with previous measurements obtained with muon beams. © 2010 IOP Publishing Ltd and SISSA.

Published
2010

29. P300: avaliação eletrofisiológica da audição em crianças sem e com repetência escolar

Author

Luciane S. Farias, Pedro Luis Cóser, and Ivone M. F. Toniolo

Subjects
business.industry, lcsh:R, audiologia, lcsh:Medicine, p300, lcsh:Otorhinolaryngology, lcsh:RF1-547, Otorhinolaryngology, children, audiology, Medicine, P300, business, Humanities, crianças
Abstract

OBJETIVO: Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de comparar os valores da latência do P300 em crianças de 8 a 13 anos de idade, do sexo feminino e do sexo masculino, sem e com repetência escolar. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Estudo clínico com coorte transversal. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram examinadas 60 crianças sem repetência e 43 crianças com repetência escolar. Todas as crianças foram submetidas à anamnese, audiometria tonal liminar, curva timpanométrica, reflexos auditivos contralaterais e o P300. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÕES: Ao final desta pesquisa, concluiu-se que as crianças do grupo sem repetência escolar apresentaram valor da média aritmética da latência do P300 menor (332,25 ms), comparando-se ao grupo de crianças com repetência escolar (413,23 ms). As crianças do sexo feminino sem repetência escolar apresentaram valor da média aritmética da latência do P300 menor (328,37 ms), comparando-se às crianças do sexo masculino do mesmo grupo (337,68 ms). No grupo de crianças com repetência escolar, as crianças do sexo feminino também apresentaram valor da média aritmética da latência do P300 menor (387,50 ms), comparando-se às crianças do sexo masculino (423,19 ms). Finalmente, observou-se que os valores das médias aritméticas da latência do P300 apresentaram-se menores nas crianças do sexo feminino (328,37 ms) e do sexo masculino (337,68 ms) sem repetência escolar, comparando-se com os valores das médias aritméticas da latência do P300 nas crianças do sexo feminino (387,50 ms) e do sexo masculino (423,19 ms) com repetência escolar. AIM: This research was done with the objective to compare the values of latency of P300 in male and female kids 8 to 13 years of age, who have repeated at least a semester and who have not repeated any semester at school. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical study with transversal cohort. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Sixty kids who have never flunked at school and 43 kids who have already flunked were examined in public schools in Santa Maria. All kids were submitted to an anamnesis, pure tone audiometry, tympanometric curve, contra lateral reflexes auditory and P300. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At the end of this research it can be concluded that kids that have not repeated any year at school presented mean arithmetic latency value of P300 lower (332,25 ms), when compared to kids that have repeated (413,23 ms). Female children of the group that has no failure history at school have presented a mean arithmetic latency value of P300 lower (328,37 ms) than male kids (337,68 ms) of the same group. In the group of kids with failure history, the female kids have also shown mean arithmetic latency value of P300 lower (387,50 ms), compared to the male kids (423,19 ms). Finally lower mean arithmetic values of latency of P300 were observed in the group of both female (328,37 ms) and male kids (337,68 ms) who have not repeated at school when compared to the mean arithmetic values of latency of P300 in female (387,50 ms) and male kids (423,19 ms) who have repeated at school.

Published
2004

30. Post Transplant Renal Failure Due to 2-8 Dihydroxyadeninuria

Author

A. Tavera, M. F. Toniolo, Luis Leon, M Rial, J. Petroni, H. Rennke, D. Casadei, and J. Goldberg

Subjects
Transplantation, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Medicine, business, Post transplant, Surgery
Published
2012

31. Dynamic modelling of stress accumulation in Central Italy: role of structural heterogeneities and rheology.

Author

Carminati, E., Augier, F. Toniolo, and Barba, S.

Subjects
*STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics), *SEISMIC waves
Abstract

Evaluates the dynamic modelling of stress accumulation in Central Italy. Effects of structural heterogeneities on the stress field; Coexistence of compressive and tensional styles; Reproduction of the overall seismic wave patterns.

Published
2001
Full Text
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34. Premessa

Author

D'URSO, Teresa, PERRICCIOLI, Alessandra, Zanichelli, G., T. D'Urso, A. Perriccioli, G. Zanichelli, T.S. Kelly, G. Orofino, R. Casavecchia, E. Orezzi, G.E. Unfer Verre, E. Elba, M. Tezzon, A. Improta, M. Rossi, S. Buganza, A.L. Casero, F. Riccobono, F. Demarchi, F. Crivello, S. Maddalo, C. Paniccia, C. Rapone, E. Ponzi, S. Chiodo, B. Alai, F. Toniolo, S. Fumian, S. Zonno, D'Urso, Teresa, Perriccioli, Alessandra, and Zanichelli, G.

Subjects
Miniatura, committenza ecclesiastica, codice miniato
Published
2016

36. Premessa

Author

R. Nardone, F. Toniolo, and R. Nardone

Subjects
videogochi, narrazioni, game art, games studies
Abstract

Riflessioni introduttive al libro che analizza, attraversa e confronta i quattro videogiochi di crescente successo ideati da Miyazaki, ovvero da "Demon's Souls" (2009) a "Bloodborne" (2015), noti non solo per il livello di sfida che propongono al giocatore, ma soprattutto per i loro mondi, oscuri e ammalianti, ricchi di personaggi e spunti di riflessione su archetipi umani.

Published
2015

37. Tre ritagli di Nicolò di Giacomo e l’iconografia del beato Simone da Todi

Author

BENATI, DANIELE, J.J.G. Alexander, A.E. Andriolo, L. Armstrong, F. Avril, G. Baldissin Molli, U. Bauer-Eberhardt, M. Bollati, F. L. Bossetto, A.R. Calderoni Masetti, G. Castiglioni, F. Crivello, G. Dalli Regoli, L. Dal Poz, A. De Floriani, A. De Marchi, A. De Nicolò Salmazo, A. Dillon Bussi, T. D’Urso, H.J. Eberhardt, F. Flores d’Arcais, T. Franco, S. Fumian, I. Furlan, C. Guarnieri, L. Humphrey, H. Katalin Szépe, S. L’Engle, F. Lollini, S. Maddalo, F. Manzari, S. Marcon, M. Medica, M. Minazzato, P.L. Mulas, X. Muratova, A. Nante, M. Natale, L. Novello, L. Nuvoloni, G. Orofino, S. Panayotova, A. Perriccioli Saggese, S. Pettenati, M. Pietrogiovanna, E. Ponzi, A. Putaturo Donati Murano, M. Rossi, L. Speciale, E.A. Talamo, F. Toniolo, G. Toscano, G. Valenzano, Toniolo, F. Toscano G., and BENATI D.

Subjects
ICONOGRAFIA AGOSTINIANA, NICOLO' DI GIACOMO, MINIATURA BOLOGNESE
Abstract

Vengono rese note alcune miniature ritagliate di Nicolò di Giacomo, riconducibili ai corali di San Giacomo Maggiore a Bologna. Nell'occasione si approfondisce l'iconografia dell'agostiniano Simone da Todi, presente in uno dei ritagli.

Published
2012

38. Ancora sui Corali del Duomo di Ferrara

Author

LOLLINI, FABRIZIO, F. TONIOLO, G. TOSCANO, and F. Lollini

Subjects
FERRARA, JACOPO FILIPPO DE' MEDICI DETTO L'ARGENTA
Abstract

Si analizza il ciclo dei corali della Cattedrale di Ferrara dal punto di vistadi due elementi materiali, connessi alla logistica dei lavori: le indicazioni scritte come guida alla realizzazione delle miniature, e il riciclaggio di modelli repertoriali. Questo porta anche alla riconsiderazione della possibile 'attribuzione' dei volumi.

Published
2012

40. Vertically oriented low-dimensional perovskites for high-efficiency wide band gap perovskite solar cells.

Author

Zanetta A, Larini V, Vikram, Toniolo F, Vishal B, Elmestekawy KA, Du J, Scardina A, Faini F, Pica G, Pirota V, Pitaro M, Marras S, Ding C, Yildirim BK, Babics M, Ugur E, Aydin E, Ma CQ, Doria F, Loi MA, De Bastiani M, Herz LM, Portale G, De Wolf S, Islam MS, and Grancini G

Abstract

Controlling crystal growth alignment in low-dimensional perovskites (LDPs) for solar cells has been a persistent challenge, especially for low-n LDPs (n < 3, n is the number of octahedral sheets) with wide band gaps (>1.7 eV) impeding charge flow. Here we overcome such transport limits by inducing vertical crystal growth through the addition of chlorine to the precursor solution. In contrast to 3D halide perovskites (APbX 3 ), we find that Cl substitutes I in the equatorial position of the unit cell, inducing a vertical strain in the perovskite octahedra, and is critical for initiating vertical growth. Atomistic modelling demonstrates the thermodynamic stability and miscibility of Cl/I structures indicating the preferential arrangement for Cl-incorporation at I-sites. Vertical alignment persists at the solar cell level, giving rise to a record 9.4% power conversion efficiency with a 1.4 V open circuit voltage, the highest reported for a 2 eV wide band gap device. This study demonstrates an atomic-level understanding of crystal tunability in low-n LDPs and unlocks new device possibilities for smart solar facades and indoor energy generation., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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41. Photo-ferroelectric perovskite interfaces for boosting V OC in efficient perovskite solar cells.

Author

Pica G, Pancini L, Petoukhoff CE, Vishal B, Toniolo F, Ding C, Jung YK, Prato M, Mrkyvkova N, Siffalovic P, De Wolf S, Ma CQ, Laquai F, Walsh A, and Grancini G

Abstract

Interface engineering is the core of device optimization, and this is particularly true for perovskite photovoltaics (PVs). The steady improvement in their performance has been largely driven by careful manipulation of interface chemistry to reduce unwanted recombination. Despite that, PVs devices still suffer from unavoidable open circuit voltage (V OC ) losses. Here, we propose a different approach by creating a photo-ferroelectric perovskite interface. By engineering an ultrathin ferroelectric two-dimensional perovskite (2D) which sandwiches a perovskite bulk, we exploit the electric field generated by external polarization in the 2D layer to enhance charge separation and minimize interfacial recombination. As a result, we observe a net gain in the device V OC reaching 1.21 V, the highest value reported to date for highly efficient perovskite PVs, leading to a champion efficiency of 24%. Modeling depicts a coherent matching of the crystal and electronic structure at the interface, robust to defect states and molecular reorientation. The interface physics is finely tuned by the photoferroelectric field, representing a new tool for advanced perovskite device design., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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42. Exploring emotion dysregulation in adolescence and its association with social immaturity, self-representation, and thought process problems.

Author

Cristofanelli S, Testa S, Centonze E, Baccini G, Toniolo F, Vavalle V, and Ferro L

Abstract

Background and Aims: This study aimed to explore the complex phenomenon of emotional dysregulation, particularly in adolescence, which is associated with many mental health disorders and problems. Increasing the knowledge of clinicians and researchers in this area can be helpful in guiding future treatment plans. The aim of the study was to investigate, from an exploratory perspective, which structural aspects of adolescent functioning (assessed using the Rorschach test and administered and scored according to the Comprehensive System, CS, by Exner) were associated with different dimensions of emotional dysregulation (evaluated using the Difficulties in Emotion Dysregulation Scale, DERS)., Method: Secondary data were used for the study, which included 100 adolescents, with 50 in the clinical group (patients with complex trauma histories residing in therapeutic and socio-rehabilitative communities) and 50 in the nonclinical group (recruited from a scout group and middle and high schools). The two groups were compared on terms of the mean scores obtained in the DERS scales (one-tailed t-test) and the proportions of cases that obtained pathological values for selected Rorschach CS indicators (z-test). Partial correlations were calculated between the DERS scales and the Rorschach CS variables to explore which structural dimensions of functioning were associated with different characteristics of emotional dysregulation., Results: The results indicated that the two groups differed in their outcomes on all DERS scales, except for Awareness and Goals, and on four Rorschach CS variables (EgoIndex, a:p, Wsum6, and MOR). Some significant positive and negative correlations between the Rorschach CS variables and the DERS scales also emerged., Conclusion: These results suggest that the dimensions of functioning associated with emotional dysregulation are related to self-representation, relational immaturity, and thought processes character and characterize membership in a therapeutic community. The correlations described in the article warrants further consideration. Finally, the study's limitations and future research prospects are presented., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Cristofanelli, Testa, Centonze, Baccini, Toniolo, Vavalle and Ferro.)

Published
2024
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43. Reconstructing the post-glacial spread of the sand fly Phlebotomus mascittii Grassi, 1908 (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Europe.

Author

Kniha E, Dvořák V, Koblmüller S, Prudhomme J, Ivović V, Hoxha I, Oerther S, Heitmann A, Lühken R, Bañuls AL, Sereno D, Michelutti A, Toniolo F, Alarcón-Elbal PM, Bravo-Barriga D, González MA, Lucientes J, Colella V, Otranto D, Bezerra-Santos MA, Kunz G, Obwaller AG, Depaquit J, Alić A, Kasap OE, Alten B, Omeragic J, Volf P, Walochnik J, Sebestyén V, and Trájer AJ

Subjects
Animals, Insect Vectors genetics, Europe, Phlebotomus genetics, Psychodidae, Leishmania
Abstract

Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Phlebotominae) are the principal vectors of Leishmania spp. (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae). In Central Europe, Phlebotomus mascittii is the predominant species, but largely understudied. To better understand factors driving its current distribution, we infer patterns of genetic diversity by testing for signals of population expansion based on two mitochondrial genes and model current and past climate and habitat suitability for seven post-glacial maximum periods, taking 19 climatic variables into account. Consequently, we elucidate their connections by environmental-geographical network analysis. Most analyzed populations share a main haplotype tracing back to a single glacial maximum refuge area on the Mediterranean coasts of South France, which is supported by network analysis. The rapid range expansion of Ph. mascittii likely started in the early mid-Holocene epoch until today and its spread possibly followed two routes. The first one was through northern France to Germany and then Belgium, and the second across the Ligurian coast through present-day Slovenia to Austria, toward the northern Balkans. Here we present a combined approach to reveal glacial refugia and post-glacial spread of Ph. mascittii and observed discrepancies between the modelled and the current known distribution might reveal yet overlooked populations and potential further spread., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Published
2023
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44. Efficient and reliable encapsulation for perovskite/silicon tandem solar modules.

Author

Toniolo F, Bristow H, Babics M, Loiola LMD, Liu J, Said AA, Xu L, Aydin E, Allen TG, Meneghetti M, Nunes SP, De Bastiani M, and De Wolf S

Abstract

Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells have a tremendous potential to boost renewable electricity production thanks to their very high performance combined with promising cost structure. However, for actual field deployment, any solar cell technology needs to be assembled into modules, where the associated processes involve several challenges that may affect both the performance and stability of the devices. For instance, due to its hygroscopic nature, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) is incompatible with perovskite-based photovoltaics. To circumvent this issue, we investigate here two alternative encapsulant polymers for the packaging of perovskite/silicon tandems into minimodules: a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and a thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) elastomer. To gauge their impact on tandem-module performance and stability, we performed two internationally established accelerated module stability tests (IEC 61215): damp heat exposure and thermal cycling. Finally, to better understand the thermomechanical properties of the two encapsulants and gain insight into their relation to the thermal cycling of encapsulated tandems, we performed a dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Our understanding of the packaging process of the tandem module provides useful insights for the development of commercially viable perovskite photovoltaics.

Published
2023
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45. A modified BG-Sentinel trap equipped with FTA card as a novel tool for mosquito-borne disease surveillance: a field test for flavivirus detection.

Author

Manzi S, Nelli L, Fortuna C, Severini F, Toma L, Di Luca M, Michelutti A, Bertola M, Gradoni F, Toniolo F, Sgubin S, Lista F, Pazienza M, Montarsi F, and Pombi M

Subjects
Animals, Reproducibility of Results, Mosquito Vectors, Flavivirus, Culex, Aedes, Arbovirus Infections diagnosis, West Nile virus
Abstract

Early detection of pathogens in vectors is important in preventing the spread of arboviral diseases, providing a timely indicator of pathogen circulation before outbreaks occur. However, entomological surveillance may face logistical constraints, such as maintaining the cold chain, and resource limitations, such as the field and laboratory workload of mosquito processing. We propose an FTA card-based trapping system that aims to simplify both field and laboratory phases of arbovirus surveillance. We modified a BG-Sentinel trap to include a mosquito collection chamber and a sugar feeding source through an FTA card soaked in a long-lasting viscous solution of honey and hydroxy-cellulose hydrogel. The FTA card ensures environmental preservation of nucleic acids, allowing continuous collection and feeding activity of specimens for several days and reducing the effort required for viral detection. We tested the trap prototype during two field seasons (2019 and 2021) in North-eastern Italy and compared it to CDC-CO 2 trapping applied in West Nile and Usutu virus regional surveillance. Collections by the BG-FTA approach detected high species diversity, including Culex pipiens, Aedes albopictus, Culex modestus, Anopheles maculipennis sensu lato and Ochlerotatus caspius. When used for two-days sampling, the BG-FTA trap performed equally to CDC also for the WNV-major vector Cx. pipiens. The FTA cards detected both WNV and USUV, confirming the reliability of this novel approach to detect viral circulation in infectious mosquitoes. We recommend this surveillance approach as a particularly useful alternative in multi-target surveillance, for sampling in remote areas and in contexts characterized by high mosquito densities and diversity., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)

Published
2023
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46. Early start of seasonal transmission and co-circulation of West Nile virus lineage 2 and a newly introduced lineage 1 strain, northern Italy, June 2022.

Author

Barzon L, Montarsi F, Quaranta E, Monne I, Pacenti M, Michelutti A, Toniolo F, Danesi P, Marchetti G, Gobbo F, Sinigaglia A, Riccetti S, Dal Molin E, Favero L, Russo F, and Capelli G

Subjects
Animals, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Italy epidemiology, Seasons, Culex, Culicidae, West Nile Fever diagnosis, West Nile Fever epidemiology, West Nile virus genetics
Abstract

In spring 2022, Europe faced an unprecedented heatwave, increasing the risk of West Nile virus (WNV) outbreaks. As early as 7 June 2022, WNV was detected in Culex mosquitoes in northern Italy, and - in the following days - in two blood donors, a patient with encephalitis, wild birds and additional mosquito pools. Genome sequencing demonstrated co-circulation of WNV lineage 2 and a newly introduced WNV lineage 1, which was discovered in the region in 2021.

Published
2022
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47. Looking for Dog Blood Donors in an Endemic Area for Vector-Borne Infections of Central Italy.

Author

Antognoni MT, Vascellari M, Da Rold G, Toniolo F, Sgubin S, Zanardello C, Carminato A, and Miglio A

Abstract

Dogs are proved to be competent reservoir hosts for several vector-borne pathogens. Their prevalence varies according to the geographical area. Many vector-borne pathogens may be transmitted by blood transfusion. The purpose of this study was to determine the serological and molecular prevalence of some vector-borne pathogens in dog blood donors, living in central Italy. Blood samples of 126 donors (19 breeds) included were tested for a broad serological and DNA-base tests panel. The differences in pathogen prevalence according to age, sex, and breeds were tested (chi-square test, Fisher's exact test). Overall, 50 animals (39.7%) tested positive at PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and/or serology (IFAT, indirect fluorescent antibody test) for at least one pathogen. Three dogs were positive at both serology and PCR. A tendency of hemoplasmas to be more prevalent in older dogs (41.2%) compared to the younger ones (25.7%) was noted. We highlight the difficulties of selecting healthy blood donor dogs in an endemic area for vector-borne infections. It is important to choose the serological and biomolecular investigations panel that is most suited to the donor's environment. Close collaboration between clinician and parasitologists is important in the interpretation of IFAT and PCR results. Finally, we underline the important role of blood donors as an epidemiological tool for active surveillance against canine vector-borne diseases.

Published
2022
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48. Clinical Tick-Borne Encephalitis in a Roe Deer ( Capreolus capreolus L.).

Author

Da Rold G, Obber F, Monne I, Milani A, Ravagnan S, Toniolo F, Sgubin S, Zamperin G, Foiani G, Vascellari M, Drzewniokova P, Castellan M, De Benedictis P, and Citterio CV

Subjects
Animals, Arachnid Vectors physiology, Arachnid Vectors virology, Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne classification, Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne genetics, Encephalitis, Tick-Borne pathology, Encephalitis, Tick-Borne virology, Italy, Ixodes physiology, Ixodes virology, Phylogeny, Deer virology, Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne isolation & purification, Encephalitis, Tick-Borne veterinary
Abstract

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is the causative agent of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), a severe zoonosis occurring in the Palearctic region mainly transmitted through Ixodes ticks. In Italy, TBEV is restricted to the north-eastern part of the country. This report describes for the first time a case of clinical TBE in a roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus L.). The case occurred in the Belluno province, Veneto region, an area endemic for TBEV. The affected roe deer showed ataxia, staggering movements, muscle tremors, wide-base stance of the front limbs, repetitive movements of the head, persistent teeth grinding, hypersalivation and prolonged recumbency. An autopsy revealed no significant lesions to explain the neurological signs. TBEV RNA was detected in the brain by real-time RT-PCR, and the nearly complete viral genome (10,897 nucleotides) was sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis of the gene encoding the envelope protein revealed a close relationship to TBEV of the European subtype, and 100% similarity with a partial sequence (520 nucleotides) of a TBEV found in ticks in the bordering Trento province. The histological examination of the midbrain revealed lymphohistiocytic encephalitis, satellitosis and microgliosis, consistent with a viral etiology. Other viral etiologies were ruled out by metagenomic analysis of the brain. This report underlines, for the first time, the occurrence of clinical encephalitic manifestations due to TBEV in a roe deer, suggesting that this pathogen should be included in the frame of differential diagnoses in roe deer with neurologic disease.

Published
2022
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49. Occurrence and Identification of Ixodes ricinus Borne Pathogens in Northeastern Italy.

Author

Bertola M, Montarsi F, Obber F, Da Rold G, Carlin S, Toniolo F, Porcellato E, Falcaro C, Mondardini V, Ormelli S, and Ravagnan S

Abstract

In Europe, Ixodes ricinus is the main vector for tick-borne pathogens (TBPs), the most common tick species in Italy, particularly represented in pre-alpine and hilly northern areas. From 2011 to 2017, ticks were collected by dragging in Belluno province (northeast Italy) and analyzed by molecular techniques for TBP detection. Several species of Rickettsia spp. and Borrelia spp. Anaplaspa phagocitophilum , Neoerlichia mikurensis and Babesia venatorum , were found to be circulating in the study area carried by I. ricinus (n = 2668, all stages). Overall, 39.1% of screened pools were positive for at least one TBP, with a prevalence of 12.25% and 29.2% in immature stages and adults, respectively. Pathogens were detected in 85% of the monitored municipalities, moreover the presence of TBPs varied from one to seven different pathogens in the same year. The annual TBPs prevalence fluctuations observed in each municipality highlights the necessity of performing continuous tick surveillance. In conclusion, the observation of TBPs in ticks remains an efficient strategy for monitoring the circulation of tick-borne diseases (TBDs) in a specific area.

Published
2021
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50. The central role of Italy in the spatial spread of USUTU virus in Europe.

Author

Zecchin B, Fusaro A, Milani A, Schivo A, Ravagnan S, Ormelli S, Mavian C, Michelutti A, Toniolo F, Barzon L, Monne I, and Capelli G

Abstract

USUTU virus (USUV) is an arbovirus maintained in the environment through a bird-mosquito enzootic cycle. Previous surveillance plans highlighted the endemicity of USUV in North-eastern Italy. In this work, we sequenced 138 new USUV full genomes from mosquito pools ( Culex pipiens ) and wild birds collected in North-eastern Italy and we investigated the evolutionary processes (phylogenetic analysis, selection pressure and evolutionary time-scale analysis) and spatial spread of USUV strains circulating in the European context and in Italy, with a particular focus on North-eastern Italy. Our results confirmed the circulation of viruses belonging to four different lineages in Italy (EU1, EU2, EU3 and EU4), with the newly sequenced viruses from the North-eastern regions, Veneto and Friuli Venezia Giulia, belonging to the EU2 lineage and clustering into two different sub-lineages, EU2-A and EU2-B. Specific mutations characterize each European lineage and geographic location seem to have shaped their phylogenetic structure. By investigating the spatial spread in Europe, we were able to show that Italy acted mainly as donor of USUV to neighbouring countries. At a national level, we identified two geographical clusters mainly circulating in Northern and North-western Italy, spreading both northward and southward. Our analyses provide important information on the spatial and evolutionary dynamics of USUTU virus that can help to improve surveillance plans and control strategies for this virus of increasing concern for human health., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press.)

Published
2021
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