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Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs), often regarded as the simplest one-dimensional (1D) van der Waals moiré superlattices, are the ideal structures to explore the interlayer coupling, including mechanical and electronical coupling, at the nanoscale in 1D systems. By combining spatial modulation spectroscopy (SMS) and resonant Raman scattering (RRS) experiments on well-identified individual free-standing DWNTs with the calculations of their optical absorption by using the recursion method with non-orthogonal tight-binding (NTB) basis functions, we are able to unambiguously assign the nature, namely mirror transition or cross transition, of each optical transitions in DWNTs. Our study identifies and allows to determine the conditions of the mixing of the electronic states leading to the appearance of cross transitions in the optical absorption of DWNTs, beyond of the so-called Koshino's criteria previously derived. On the other hand, the striking behavior of the resonant excitation profile (REP) of the Raman active modes around the cross transition reveals the strong sensitivity of the modes intensity on the electronic interlayer coupling in DWNTs, emphasizing the relevance of Raman spectroscopy for studying the electronic and mechanical coupling at the nanoscale., We acknowledge the Dr. T. X. Tinh for the synthesis of individual nanotubes. HNT, RP, AAZ, JLS and MP acknowledge financial support by the ANR GAMBIT project, grant ANR-13-BS10-0014 of the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche. The TEM studies were performed in the Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza (Spain). R.A. acknowledges support from Spanish MICINN (PID2019-104739 GB-100/AEI/10.13039/501100011033), Government of Aragon (projects DGA E13-20R (FEDER, EU)) and from EU H2020 “ESTEEM3” (Grant number 823717). VNP acknowledges financial support for NTB calculations from the National Science Fund of Bulgaria under grant KP-06-N38/10 from December 06, 2019.

Background The loss of response to biologics remains a clinical challenge for which the discovery of predictive factors is helpful. In this direction, exploiting tree-based models on top of logistic regression (LR) allows to uncover unexpected valuable predictors. The aim of the study is to develop performant predictions of ustekinumab (USK) response at one year of follow-up in a cohort of Crohn’s disease (CD) patients using benchmark logistic regression (LR) and tailored tree-based techniques, Random forest (RF) and Gradient Boosting Decision Trees (GBDT). Methods This is a retrospective study based on a cohort of, 80 CD patients treated with USK. Inputs include demographic data, disease characteristics as well as pharmacokinetics, clinical and biological parameters at baseline, week, 8 and, 16. After one-year follow-up, both clinical outcome (achieved in case of USK maintenance without optimization, n=80) and endoscopic outcome (achieved in case of SES-CD Results Input data characterizing the CD cohort are presented in Table, 1. At one-year follow-up, clinical and endoscopic outcomes were achieved in, 56.2% (n=45/80) and, 69% (n=, 36/52), respectively. Table, 2 summarizes the predictive model characteristics at the different timepoints. Whatever the outcome, predictive models exhibited an increased accuracy over the induction timepoints. At week, 16, a multivariate LR allowed to predict endoscopic outcome with an AUC, 0.86±0.12, Se, 83% and Sp, 70%. The explanatory variables were CRP level at week, 8 and, 16, lymphocyte count at week, 8 and USK trough levels at week, 16. The best model to predict endoscopic outcome was obtained by RF with an AUC of, 0.92 ±0.08, Se, 91% and Sp, 75%. The key inputs were lymphocyte count at baseline. Conclusion This study highlighted the added value of applying tree-based models for the development of accurate predictive models. More specifically, the evolution of biological markers during induction as well as USK trough levels at week, 16 are relevant factors to predict endoscopic outcome among CD patients treated with USK

Cardiac afterload is usually assessed in the ascending aorta and can be defined by the association of peripheral vascular resistance (PVR), total arterial compliance (Ctot), and aortic wave reflection (WR). We recently proposed the global afterload angle (GALA) and β-angle derived from the aortic velocity-pressure (VP) loop as continuous cardiac afterload monitoring in the descending thoracic aorta. The aim of this study was to 1) describe the arterial mechanic properties by studying the velocity-pressure relations according to cardiovascular risk (low-risk and high-risk patients) in the ascending and descending thoracic aorta and 2) analyze the association between the VP loop (GALA and β-angle) and cardiac afterload parameters (PVR, Ctot, and WR). PVR, Ctot, WR, and VP loop parameters were measured in the ascending and descending thoracic aorta in 50 anesthetized patients. At each aortic level, the mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), and PVR were similar between low-risk and high-risk patients. In contrast, Ctot, WR, GALA, and β-angle were strongly influenced by cardiovascular risk factors regardless of the site of measurement along the aorta. The GALA angle was inversely related to aortic compliance, and the β-angle reflected the magnitude of wave reflection in both the ascending and descending aortas ( P < 0.001). Under general anesthesia, the VP loop can provide new visual insights into arterial mechanical properties compared with the traditional MAP and CO for the assessment of cardiac afterload. Further studies are necessary to demonstrate the clinical utility of the VP loop in the operating room. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our team recently proposed the global afterload angle (GALA) and β-angle derived from the aortic velocity-pressure (VP) loop as continuous cardiac afterload monitoring in the descending thoracic aorta under general anesthesia. However, the evaluation of cardiac afterload at this location is unusual. The present study shows that VP loop parameters can describe the components of cardiac afterload both in the ascending and descending thoracic aorta in the operating room. Aging and cardiovascular risk factors strongly influence VP loop parameters. The VP loop could provide continuous visual additional information on the arterial system than the traditional mean arterial pressure and cardiac output during the general anesthesia.

International audience; It has been shown that Systolic Period Duration (SPD) measured with trans-esophageal echocardiography (TEE) is significantly shorter compared to measurements made with radial arterial pressure waveform. This difference could be interpreted in terms of arterial pressure amplification , a mechanism by which arterial pressure waveform is transformed alongside the arterial tree. This amplification is closely related to cardiac afterload as it shares common determinants, like arterial stiffness, pulse wave velocity, or aortic reflection waves. In turn, afterload estimated partly using arterial pressure amplification is useful during general anesthesia (GA) to evaluate detrimental or beneficial effects of vasopressors given to combat hypotensions. Despite TEE measurements comport some impracticalities, trans-esophageal Doppler (TE Doppler) is routinely used for cardiac output monitoring. The goal of this paper was to compare SPD measured with TE Doppler and with arterial pressure at the same location. A secondary goal was to describe a novel dicrotic notch identification algorithm that uses the interspace between the pressure waveform and the straight line going from the systolic peak of one beat to the foot of the subsequent beat. Twenty three patients undergoing GA for neurointerventional procedures were included. Central pressure was obtained by fluid filled radiologic guidewire connected to a pressure transducer. Flow velocity waveform was obtained using TE Doppler probe inserted in the esophagus after induction of GA. Pressure and flow velocity measurements were recorded simultaneously when the tip of the pressure catheter was placed in front of the Doppler probe, in the descending Aorta. SPD measured from Flow velocity waveform was significantly shorter than from Pressure waveform (343 ± 46 ms vs 415 ± 54 ms; p < 0.001). Flow velocity and Pressure waveform methods are not interchangeable. To measure SPD consistently at different locations, a consistent algorithm should be used, such as automated identification of dicrotic notch.

International audience; Introduction: During general anesthesia, arterial hypotension is frequent and may be an important contributor to peri-operative morbidity. We assessed the effect of a 5µg bolus of Norepinephrine (NA) when compared with 50 µg bolus of Phenylephrine (PE) administered to treat hypotension during maintenance anesthesia, on MAP, derived cardiac output and arterial stiffness parameters. Methods: Patients scheduled for a neurosurgical procedure under general anesthesia were prospectively included. Monitoring included invasive blood pressure, esophageal Doppler and arterial tonometer used to estimate central aortic pressure with arterial stiffness parameters, such as augmentation index (Aix). After initial resuscitation, hypotensive episodes were corrected by a bolus administration of NA or PE in a peripheral venous line. Results: There were 269 bolus administrations of vasopressors (149 NA, 120 PE) in 47 patients with no adverse effects detected. A decrease in stroke volume (SV) was observed with PE compared with NA (-18±9% vs -14±7%, p

The purpose of the present work is to prepare membranes with specific chelating properties for the removal of metal ions. The semi-interpenetrating polymer network technique was used to prepare tailor-made membranes from blends of poly(vinyl alcohol) with two polyelectrolytes, one with carboxylic groups (poly(acrylic acid)) and one with amine groups poly(ethyleneimine). The 60/40 poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyelectrolyte mass ratio was selected to obtain homogenous membranes with suitable mechanical properties. Gaseous 1,2-dibromoethane, glutaraldehyde and hydrochloric acid were tested as crosslinking agents. A crosslinked poly(vinyl alcohol) membrane was also tested as a reference. The membrane crosslinking was monitored by infrared spectroscopy and swelling measurements. The performances of the membranes were evaluated for the removal of copper (II), cadmium (II), lead (II) and chromium (III) in static experiments. The metal ion absorption efficiency f of the membrane (in %) was calculated from: 100 × [(amount of ions retained by the membrane (mole)]/[(amount of monomer repeat units in the membrane (mole)]. The complexation of Cr(III) was the most efficient at pH = 5 with the poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylic acid) membrane crosslinked by glutaraldehyde ( f = 4.9%). The removal of Cu(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) was more efficient at pH = 5 with the poly(vinyl alcohol) / poly(ethyleneimine) membrane crosslinked by gaseous 1,2-dibromoethane ( f = 5.3, 4.5 and 3.7% respectively). Finally, dynamic experiments were performed in order to simulate the treatment of aqueous solutions. Dynamic experiments at pH = 5 were performed on the DBE-crosslinked PVA/PEI membrane either by flow through a membrane-packed column or by filtration. Using a membrane-packed column, the best result was observed for Cu(II) removal with 40.8% of metal ion uptake, but the system was limited by its high dead volume. With filtration, the best result was observed for Pb(II) removal: the metal ion uptake was 70.0% at the end of the sorption step.

When evaluating the capacity of a generation park to cover the load in transmission systems, traditional Loss of Load Expectation (LOLE) and Expected Energy not Served (EENS) indices can be used. If those indices allow computing the annual duration and severity of load non covering situations, they do not take into account the fact that the load excess is generally shifted from one penury state (hour or quarter of an hour) to the following one. In this paper, a sequential Monte Carlo framework is introduced in order to compute adjusted LOLE and EENS indices. Practically, those adapted indices permit to consider the effect of load excess transfer on the global adequacy of a generation park, providing thus a more accurate evaluation of this quantity., {"references":["R. Karki, P. Hu, \"Wind Power Simulation Model for Reliability\nEvaluation\", IEEE CCECE/CCGEI, Saskatoon, Canada, May 2005.","R. Billinton, G. Bai, \"Generating Capacity Adequacy Associated With\nWind Energy\", IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion, Vol. 19, n°3, pp.\n641-646, Sept. 2004.","R. Karki, R. Billinton, \"Cost-Effective Wind Energy Utilization for\nReliable Power Supply\", IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion, Vol. 19,\nn°2, pp. 435-440, June 2004.","R. Billinton, R.N. Allan, \"Reliability Evaluation of Power Systems\", 2nd\nEdition, Springer, chap. 1, pp. 10-11, 1996.","F. Vallée, J. Lobry, O. Deblecker, \"System Reliability Assessment\nMethod for Wind Power Integration\", IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 23,\nno. 3, pp. 1288-1297, Aug. 2008.","A. Sankarakrishnan, R. Billinton, \"Sequential Monte Carlo Simulation\nfor Composite Power System Reliability Analysis with Time Varying\nLoads\", IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 1540-1545, Aug.\n1995.","L-B. Fang, J-D. Cai, \"Reliability Assessment of Microgrid Using\nSequential Monte Carlo Simulation\" Journal of Electronic Science &\nTechnology, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 31-34, March 2011.","G. Vancells, S. Herraiz, J. Meléndez, A. Ferreira, \"Analysis of\nImportance of Components in Power Systems using Time Sequential\nSimulation\", International Conference on Renewable Energies and\nPower Quality, ICREPQ'13, April 2013.","R. Billinton, A. Sankarakrishnan, \"Adequacy Assessment of Composite\npower Systems with HVDC Links Using Monte Carlo Simulation\",\nIEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 9, no. 3, pp.1626-1633, Aug. 1994.\n[10] Reliability Test System Task Force of the Application of Probability\nMethods Subcommittee, \"IEEE Reliability Test System\", IEEE Trans.\nPower Apparatus & Systems, vol. 6, pp. 2047-2054, Dec. 1979.\n[11] A.M.L. Da Silva, L.C. De Resende, L.A. Da Fonseca Manso, R.\nBillinton \"Well-Being Analysis for Composite Generation and\nTransmission Systems\", IEEE Trans. Power Syst., November 2004,\nVol. 19, N°4, pp.1763-1770."]}

Introduction La mesure de la resistance du systeme respiratoire (Rrs) a souvent ete mesuree par la technique de l’interruption du debit (Rint) facile a realiser chez le jeune enfant incapable d’effectue une spirometrie. Les oscillations forcees (ROF) mesurent aussi Rrs et n’ont pas ete comparees a Rint au meme temps respiratoire. Les mesures intra-respiratoires de ROF donnent ROF a l’inspiration et a l’expiration. L’objectif de l’etude est de comparer Rint et ROF mesurees a l’expiration chez l’enfant. Methodes Les enfants asthmatiques inclus effectuaient des mesures de Rint et de ROF dans un ordre etabli de facon randomisee a l’avance. Un minimum de 5 mesures correctes de Rint etait realise a l’expiration avec un materiel Whistler (Medispirit, Nuenen, Pays-Bas) et 10 mesures intra-respiration correctes de ROF a 8 Hz etaient enregistrees avec un Resmon pro Full (MGC, Milan, Italie). La concordance entre Rintexp et ROFexp a ete evaluee par un test de Bland Altmann. Les comparaisons entre resistances, leurs reproductibilites et l’effet du bronchodilatateur, ont ete effectuees par un test des rangs signes de Wilcoxon. Resultats Quarante-huit enfants ont ete inclus. Quarante et un enfants (19 filles) d’âge median (IQR) de 7,4 (6,0 ; 10,1) ans ont effectue les deux mesures de resistance de base et 38 apres bronchodilatateur. La reproductibilite intra-mesure evaluee par le coefficient de variation etait un peu meilleure pour Rintexp par rapport a ROFexp (mediane (min–max) 7,8 % (2,3 %–16 %) versus 12,9 % (4,8 %–35,2 %) ; p Conclusion Rintexp et ROFexp mesurent de facon similaire la resistance respiratoire a l’expiration de base chez l’enfant, mais l’effet du bronchodilatateur est mesure plus important par ROFexp. L’obtention de normes de base et apres bronchodialation pour ROFexp permettrait de comparer l’interpretation de ces deux techniques.

Resume Introduction. – L’association entre une maladie de Crohn et un lupus erythemateux dissemine est exceptionnelle. Nous rapportons une nouvelle observation ou la maladie de Crohn survient chez une patiente âgee de 18 ans qui presente deja une maladie lupique connue depuis quatre ans. Exegese. – La maladie de Crohn est affirmee sur des criteres cliniques, biologiques et histologiques et le diagnostic de lupus erythemateux dissemine est incontestable selon les criteres de l’American Rheumatism Association. Sur la base de cette observation, les principales manifestations digestives du lupus erythemateux dissemine et extradigestives de la maladie de Crohn sont revues. Conclusion. – L’association de ces deux maladies dysimmunitaires pose le probleme de la nature des mecanismes impliques dans cette association.

Acoustic vibration of silver films and nanoparticles in glass, due to impulsive excitation of their fundamental expansion mode, is investigated using a femtosecond pump−probe technique. The vibrational motion is monitored via the induced modulation of the material optical properties which, in the two systems, is shown to reflect that of the real part of the dielectric function. The observed differences in their time responses are attributed to the strong coupling of the nanoparticles with their glass environment. In both systems, the phase and the amplitude of the observed oscillations are in quantitative agreement with an indirect displacive excitation process associated with lattice expansion. Control of the acoustic vibration by two femtosecond pulses is also discussed.

To review in the literature, all the epidemiological, clinical, radiological, histological and therapeutic data regarding chordomas as well as various notochordal entities: ecchordosis physaliphora, intradural and intraparenchymatous chordomas, benign notochordal cell tumors, parachordomas and extra-axial chordomas. To identify different types of chordomas, including familial forms, associations with tuberous sclerosis, Ollier's disease and Maffucci's syndrome, forms with metastasis and seeding. To assess the recent data regarding molecular biology and progress in targeted therapy. To compare the different types of radiotherapy, especially protontherapy and their therapeutic effects. To review the largest series of chordomas in their different localizations (skull base, sacrum and mobile spine) from the literature.The series of 136 chordomas treated and followed up over 20 years (1972-2012) in the department of neurosurgery at Lariboisière hospital is reviewed. It includes: 58 chordomas of the skull base, 47 of the craniocervical junction, 23 of the cervical spine and 8 from the lombosacral region. Similarly, 31 chordomas in children (less than 18 years of age), observed in the departments of neurosurgery of les Enfants-Malades and Lariboisière hospitals, are presented. They were observed between 1976 and 2010 and were located intracranially (n=22 including 13 with cervical extension), 4 at the craniocervical junction level and 5 in the cervical spine.In the entire Lariboisière series and in the different groups of localization, different parameters were analyzed: the delay of diagnosis, of follow-up, of occurrence of metastasis, recurrence and death, the number of primary patients and patients referred to us after progression or recurrence and the number of deaths, recurrences and metastases. The influence of the quality of resection (total, subtotal and partial) on the prognosis is also presented. Kaplan-Meier actuarial curves of overall survival and disease free survival were performed in the entire series, including the different groups of localization based on the following 4 parameters: age, primary and secondary patients, quality of resection and protontherapy. In the pediatric series, a similar analysis was carried-out but was limited by the small number of patients in the subgroups.In the Lariboisière series, the mean delay of diagnosis is 10 months and the mean follow-up is 80 months in each group. The delay before recurrence, metastasis and death is always better for the skull base chordomas and worse for those of the craniocervical junction, which have similar results to those of the cervical spine. Similar figures were observed as regards the number of deaths, metastases and recurrences. Quality of resection is the major factor of prognosis with 20.5 % of deaths and 28 % of recurrences after total resection as compared to 52.5 % and 47.5 % after subtotal resection. This is still more obvious in the group of skull base chordomas. Adding protontherapy to a total resection can still improve the results but there is no change after subtotal resection. The actuarial curve of overall survival shows a clear cut in the slope with some chordomas having a fast evolution towards recurrence and death in less than 4 years and others having a long survival of sometimes more than 20 years. Also, age has no influence on the prognosis. In primary patients, disease free survival is better than in secondary patients but not in overall survival. Protontherapy only improves the overall survival in the entire series and in the skull base group. Total resection improves both the overall and disease free survival in each group. Finally, the adjunct of protontherapy after total resection is clearly demonstrated. In the pediatric series, the median follow-up is 5.7 years. Overall survival and disease free survival are respectively 63 % and 54.3 %. Factors of prognosis are the histological type (atypical forms), localization (worse for the cervical spine and better for the clivus) and again it will depend on the quality of resection.Many different pathologies derived from the notochord can be observed: some are remnants, some may be precursors of chordomas and some have similar features but are probably not genuine chordomas. To-day, immuno-histological studies should permit to differentiate them from real chordomas. Improving knowledge of molecular biology raises hopes for complementary treatments but to date the quality of surgical resection is still the main factor of prognosis. Complementary protontherapy seems useful, especially in skull base chordomas, which have better overall results than those of the craniocervical junction and of the cervical spine. However, we are still lacking an intrinsic marker of evolution to differentiate the slow growing chordomas with an indolent evolution from aggressive types leading rapidly to recurrence and death on which more aggressive treatments should be applied.

Electron-electron and electron-phonon thermalization processes are investigated in gold films using a high-sensitivity multiple-wavelength femtosecond pump-probe technique. A nonequilibrium electron distribution is excited by free-carrier absorption of an infrared femtosecond pulse and its relaxation dynamics followed by measuring the transient reflectivity and transmissivity with a visible probe pulse. Measurements performed in a thin gold film in the very low perturbation limit (\ensuremath{\Delta}${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{e}}$\ensuremath{\sim}20 K) yield evidence for the existence of a non-Fermi electron distribution with an electron thermalization time of \ensuremath{\sim}500 fs and an electron-lattice interaction time of 1 ps. The apparent thermalization dynamics of the electron gas is much faster in optically thick samples and is shown to be dominated by transport effects.

Wavelength-tunable femtosecond absorption saturation measurements are combined with ensemble Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the dynamics of photoexcited carriers in ${\mathrm{Al}}_{0.1}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.9}$As. Continuum-generation and Fourier-synthesis techniques are used to generate tunable 40-fs optical pulses for the experiments. Carriers are excited to different initial states in the conduction band depending upon the wavelength selected for the experiment. The results of measurements in which the photon energies are either above or below the threshold for scattering from the \ensuremath{\Gamma} valley to the L valley are discussed. Quantitative agreement between experiment and theory is demonstrated for a deformation potential ${\mathit{D}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{L}}$\ensuremath{\Gamma} of 5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{8}$ eV/cm.

Introduction Les vasopresseurs sont frequemment utilises pour traiter les hypotensions arterielles en anesthesie. Ceux-ci ont pour objectif de corriger l’hypotension par vasoconstriction plus ou moins associee a un effet inotrope positif. Habituellement, l’ephedrine est utilisee en premiere intention, puis la phenylephrine lors d’hypotension persistante. Cependant, la vasoconstriction induite par la phenylephrine s’accompagne d’une augmentation de la postcharge ventriculaire gauche et peut avoir un effet deletere notamment chez le patient a risque cardiovasculaire. L’utilisation de noradrenaline a petite dose a ete decrite dans ce contexte [1] , [2] pour son effet sur le retour veineux et son effet moindre sur la postcharge ventriculaire gauche. L’objectif de cette etude etait de comparer les variations de la rigidite arterielle et du debit cardiaque apres injection d’ephedrine, de phenylephrine et de noradrenaline lors d’hypotensions au cours de l’anesthesie generale. Materiel et methodes L’etude a ete menee sur des patients majeurs de neurochirurgie, apres accord du comite d’ethique (CE SRLF 11-356). Les patients ont beneficie d’un monitorage hemodynamique comprenant un dispositif de mesure continue de la pression arterielle invasive et du debit cardiaque par Doppler œsophagien (CombiQ®, Deltex Medical). Un tonometre arteriel (Sphygmocor®, Atcor Medical) a ete utilise pour obtenir des courbes de pression arterielle centrale et des indices de rigidite arterielle. Lors de la survenue d’une hypotension arterielle, il etait fait selon les habitudes du service, soit 9 mg d’ephedrine (EPH), soit 50 μg de phenylephrine (NEO), soit 5 μg de noradrenaline (NOR). Les mesures etaient effectuees avant chaque injection, et au moment du pic d’effet. Les parametres recueillis etaient : la frequence cardiaque (FC), la pression arterielle moyenne (PAM), le volume d’ejection systolique (VES), le debit cardiaque (DC), l’Augmentation Index (Aix) et l’elastance arterielle (Ea). Resultats Trois cent seize injections de vasopresseurs (EPH : 47 ; NEO : 120 ; NOR : 149) chez 44 patients (âge median : 53 ± 15 ans, sex-ratio : 17H/27F) ont ete etudies. Pour une augmentation de PAM equivalente (+20 %), l’EPH est associee a une stabilite du VES et a une absence d’augmentation de l’Aix. Les deux autres vasopresseurs conduisent a une diminution significative du VES associee a une augmentation de l’Aix et de l’Ea. Cependant, la baisse du VES est significativement plus importante dans le groupe NEO que dans le groupe NOR. Inversement, la NEO conduit a une augmentation nettement plus importante de l’Aix que la NOR ( Figure 1 ). Aucun effet indesirable lie a l’injection des vasopresseurs n’a ete releve durant la periode de l’etude. Discussion Cette etude semble indiquer que, en comparaison avec la phenylephrine, l’utilisation de noradrenaline a petite dose permet de restaurer la pression arterielle des patients sous anesthesie generale en preservant le debit cardiaque. La noradrenaline pourrait etre utilisee en relais de l’ephedrine notamment chez le patient a risque cardiovasculaire. Il est necessaire de completer ces resultats par un essai controle de plus forte puissance.

Introduction La cellulite est une maladie grave et delabrante, d’autant plus la cellulite cervico-faciale. Elle met en jeu le pronostic vital en l’absence de prise en charge rapide et multidisciplinaire, de par sa diffusion rapide le long des espaces aponevrotiques de la face et du cou, possible jusqu’au mediastin. D’autres complications sont decrites (thrombose jugulaire ou bilateralisation) mais leur incidence n’est pas connue. De plus, l’effet des traitements pris avant l’admission (AINS, corticoides, antibiotiques) pourrait etre associe a une augmentation des complications [1] . L’objectif de cette etude est d’evaluer l’incidence et les facteurs lies aux complications des cellulites cervico-faciales, dont le traitement avant admission. L’examen cle pour rechercher les complications a la phase initiale est le scanner injecte cervico-thoracique. Materiel et methodes Nous avons analyse retrospectivement tous les patients hospitalises en reanimation de 2007 a 2012 a l’hopital Lariboisiere apres accord du CEERB (n o 428-08). Les donnees ont ete recueillies retrospectivement et les tomodensitometries (CT) initiales ont ete relues en aveugle par un radiologue experimente, pour determiner l’origine de la cellulite et la presence de complications. Resultats Nous avons etudie les complications a la phase initiale de 160 patients admis pour cellulite cervico-faciale : bilateralite de la cellulite (28 %), thrombose de la veine jugulaire interne (21 %), coulees de necrose (14 %), mediastinite (24 %) et mortalite (4 %). Cinquante et un pour cent presentent au moins une complication dont 48 % de complications cervicales. En analyse univariee, les facteurs significatifs sont l’odynophagie, la dyspnee, la prise orale de glucocorticoides avant l’admission et l’origine pharyngee. On ne retrouve pas d’impact de la prise d’AINS dans l’incidence des complications. Les complications ont un impact significatif sur la duree de ventilation mecanique et de sejour en reanimation et la survenue d’autres infections. Les facteurs independants de complications en analyse multivariee sont l’origine pharyngee et la prise orale de glucocorticoides avant l’admission ( Tableau 1 ). Discussion Les complications doivent etre recherchees systematiquement. Le scanner en est l’examen cle. La prise orale de glucocorticoides avant l’admission a un impact important sur l’evolution des complications des cellulites cervico-faciales.

7 pags. ; 5 figs. ; 1 tab., Using ultrafast spectroscopy, we investigated electron–lattice coupling and acoustic vibrations in self-assembled silver nanocolumns embedded in an amorphous Al2O3 matrix. The measured electron–lattice energy exchange time is smaller in the nanocolumns than in bulk silver, with a value very close to that of isolated nanospheres with comparable surface to volume ratio. Two vibration modes were detected and ascribed to the breathing and extensional mode of the nanocolumns, in agreement with numerical simulations., Acknowledgment. This work was partially supported by MAT2005-06508-C02-01, MEC (SPAIN), by EU network HPRN-CT-2002-00328, and by CNano GSO program. J.M. acknowledges an I3P fellowship from the CSIC and the European Social Fund.

A 19-year-old woman was admitted in the intensive care unit for a septic shock recognized as a menstrual toxic shock syndrome with a Staphylococcus aureus. An early goal oriented therapy was started in order to correct in particular the venous central O(2) saturation (ScvO(2)) associated to an early empiric anti-infectious treatment. A multi-organ failure appeared in a second time, so that we began a protein C activated infusion. The outcome was also auspicious. Bacteriologic samples and specific samples for the research of Staphylococci toxins confirmed the diagnosis of toxic shock syndrome with Staphylococcus aureus. A genotypic study allowed us to identify many anomalies which could be involved in the incompletely understood physiopathology of this disease.

International audience; Cellulose ethers such as hydroxyethylmethyl cellulose (HEMC) and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) are common admixtures in factory made mortars. Nevertheless, their use principally remains empirical, and no cement-admixture interaction mechanism has ever been rigorously demonstrated. The main issue of this publication deals with the control of secondary effects generated by these admixtures such as the retardation of cement hydration. In this frame, a study of the impact of HEMC and HPMC molecule parameters on the modification of cement hydration was carried out. Minor influence of the molecular weight and of the hydroxypropyl or the hydroxyethyl group content was observed. On the contrary, the results emphasize that the methoxyl group content appears as the key parameter of the hydration delay mechanism.

The aim of the European Project PICADA, as Photocatalytic Innovative Coverings Applications for De-pollution Assessment, is actually to develop a range of novel materials and to evaluate large scale effect (typically in a canyon street).The self-cleaning and de-polluting abilities arise from the photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxide which can be introduced in the building matrix. This paper presents, in particular, results obtained on the cementitious formulations containing nanoparticle composites of titanium dioxide. Investigations were undertaken in the laboratory to evaluate the self-cleaning and de-polluting properties of these products on organic molecules as well as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx).

The femtosecond dynamics of hot carriers interacting with a cold high density electron‐hole plasma are investigated in GaAs and Al0.2Ga0.8As. Studies are performed using a three pulse pump‐probe technique where a cold plasma is first generated by a femtosecond pulse, then pump‐probe transmission measurements are performed after a few hundred picoseconds delay. The results indicate only a small increase of the hot carrier thermalization rate even for plasma densities as high as 1018 cm−3.

Introduction Le couplage ventriculo-aortique est defini comme le rapport de l’elastance ventriculaire sur l’elastance aortique. C’est une mesure d’efficience du systeme cardiovasculaire dans son ensemble [1] . Toutefois, cette mesure n’est pas accessible en pratique courante. La mesure simultanee du debit aortique par le Doppler œsophagien (DO) et de la pression arterielle invasive permet de construire la boucle pression arterielle/debit aortique (P/D). Le but de cette etude preliminaire etait d’evaluer la pertinence de parametres derives de la boucle P/D chez les patients sous anesthesie generale (AG) et leur evolution avant et apres utilisation de vasoconstricteurs. Materiel et methodes Apres accord du comite d’ethique (CE-SRLF no 11-356), 15 patients majeurs de neurochirurgie ont ete inclus, dont 8 presentaient 2 ou plus de facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire et 7 patients 0 ou 1. Apres induction de l’AG, un monitorage continu et simultane du DC par DO et de la PA invasive (CombiQ, Deltex Medical) a ete mis en place. Un tonometre arteriel (Sphygmocor®, Atcor Medical) a ete utilise pour obtenir des courbes de pression arterielle centrale et des indices de rigidite arterielle dont l’augmentation index (Aix). A partir des boucles P/D, 4 points d’interet ont ete definis : A (pression arterielle diastolique), B (pression obtenue quand le debit aortique instantane est maximal), C (pression arterielle systolique), D (pression dicrotique), delimitant deux droites (AB et AC) et quatre surfaces, la surface totale (Stot), S1, S2 et S3. L’intersection des droites avec l’axe des abscisses definit trois angles, α, β et γ ( Fig. 1 ). Lorsque qu’un bolus de vasoconstricteur etait indique (baisse de 20 % de la PA), ces differents parametres hemodynamiques etaient recueillis avant l’injection (T0), et au pic d’effet maximal du vasoconstricteur (T1). Resultats Quatre-vingt dix bolus de vasoconstricteurs ont ete etudies. A T0, α, β, γ etaient significativement plus eleves dans le groupe « a risque ». En revanche, nous ne retrouvions pas de difference entre les groupes avec Stot. Chez les patients « a risque », les bolus de vasoconstricteurs ont entraine une augmentation similaire de PA mais une augmentation plus importante de l’angle γ par rapport aux patients « sans risque » : (+4° ± 4° vs +2° ± 3°, p = 0,05). A T1, le ratio S1/Stot est significativement plus bas chez les patients « a risque » compares aux patients « sans risque » (41 % ± 17 % vs 32 % ± 12 %, p = 0,0074). Les angles β et γ etaient tres fortement correles a l’Aix (r2 = 0,66 et 0,69 respectivement). Discussion La forme de la boucle P/D, ainsi que son evolution apres vasoconstricteurs, varie en fonction du terrain du patient et renseigne en continue sur la rigidite arterielle. La construction de la boucle P/D pourrait permettre une approche continue du couplage ventriculo-aortique des patients sous anesthesie generale. D’autres etudes sont necessaires pour completer et confirmer ces resultats.

Golgi mannosidase IA is a class I α-mannosidase which catalyzes the conversion of Man9GlcNAc2 or Man8GlcNAc2 oligosaccharide substrates to Man5GlcNAc2 during the maturation of Asn-linked oligosaccharides. The enzyme is a type II membrane protein, and a recombinant form of mannosidase IA from mouse, lacking the transmembrane domain, has been expressed in Pichia pastoris, purified to homogeneity and crystallized by the hanging-drop vapor-diffusion method. The crystals grow as thin rods, with unit-cell dimensions a = 54.9, b = 135.01, c = 69.9 Å. The crystals exhibit the symmetry of space group P2221 and diffract to 2.8 Å resolution. The asymmetric unit contains one monomer (∼53 kDa) and has a solvent content of 59%.

Survival of hybrids (FA, AF) between brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), (FF) and Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus L., (AA) were compared at three fish farms. Survival of hybrids and Arctic charr was impaired in warm water. In cold water, brook charr and hybrids showed similar survival percentages until the spawning period. Each spawning period was followed by an increase of mortality, but to a much higher degree in brook charr. Growth was studied in the best (cold water) fish farm. During the first 2 years of rearing, brook charr had the highest relative weight. The weight of the two hybrids approached that of brook charr in the third year because of the drastic decrease of growth rate in brook charr after the spawning period. No differences between genotypes of either females or males could be detected in the eviscerated weights, the dressing percentages, or the gonado-somatic indexes. The two hybrids matured sexually, but their sperm quality was inferior to that of the pure species. Crosses between the 4-year-old breeders from the F1 population (FF, FA, AF and AA) were achieved. Survival from the eyed stage to 6 weeks post-hatching was significantly lower in F2 progeny than in back-crosses or pure species crosses. Even though the survival following spawning periods and the total biomass produced were better in hybrids than in brook charr raised in cold water, we believe the farming of this hybrid should not be carried out. The full development of sexually mature hybrids does not resolve problems linked with precocious sexual maturation in brook charr farming carried out in eastern Canada.

To determine the disposition of cefepime in patients with cystic fibrosis compared with healthy controls.Open-label, single-dose study.Laboratoire de Pharmacocinétique Clinique, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.Twelve patients with the confirmed diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) and 12 healthy volunteers. One subject with CF withdrew for personal reasons; the data of another patient were excluded from the evaluation of renal values due to incomplete urine collection.A single 2000-mg dose of cefepime was administered as a 30-minute intravenous infusion. Healthy subjects did not use any other drugs throughout the study. Those with CF refrained from taking prophylactic antibiotics prior to and during the study, but continued to use pancreatic enzymes, multivitamins, and beta-agonist and/or steroid inhalers. One patient continued insulin treatment.Cefepime's maximum concentration was approximately 150 micrograms/ml at the end of the infusion, half-life 2-2.5 hours, and urinary recovery 80% in both groups. No statistically significant difference was seen in any of the pharmacokinetic values between the groups, except for the mean residence time (2.03 +/- 0.26 vs 2.39 +/- 0.37 hrs; p0.02). Total clearance was 19% higher in patients with CF than in healthy volunteers (119.7 +/- 20.1 vs 103.5 +/- 19.8 ml/min), perhaps due to higher renal (95.1 +/- 12.4 vs 85.1 +/- 12.0 ml/min) and/or nonrenal (25.4 +/- 13.1 vs 18.4 +/- 12.0 ml/min) clearances in subjects with CF.The disposition of cefepime is not significantly affected by CF, and dosage adjustment appears not to be necessary in these patients.

A severe outbreak of dermatophilosis occurred in 1985 in a herd of Brahman cows imported from Martinique in Guadeloupe in July 1983. Little was known on this disease in Guadeloupe until then, for the local zebu breed is naturally highly resistant to diseases transmitted by ticks or associated with them. Conditions of appearance and development of the disease were studied in relation with herd management, climate and treatments applied. There was no evidence of the disease during the first 6 months following the importation, in a feedlot management. The first lesions of dermatophilosis appeared about 2 months after the animals were allowed to graze on pastures infested with ticks. Then, thirty percent of the herd became infected. Development of the infection increased dramatically as the humid season approached, and all the 29 Brahman cows showed lesions in July 1985. Only drastic treatments, including antibiotics and local disinfection, associated with the removal from pastures into covered stables allowed the recovery from the disease. Nevertheless, the disease caused the death of 13 head. Differences in individual reactions were also noted, and 7 different types of evolution were identified. These observations provided informations about the epidemiology of dermatophilosis in the climatic conditions of Caribbean humid tropics. They showed the economic importance of this severe disease for cattle in the region and the sensitivity of exotic breeds.

The observation of quantum beats of nearby vibrational excitations in time resolved coherent experiments has provided very precise information on the first-order spectra of liquids and molecular solids [1,2]. We have taken advantadge of the high sensitivity of these coherent methods to investigate very weak features in the two-phonon spectra of a molecular crystal: ammonium chloride (NH4Cl).

Objectif Analyse de l’adhesion des patients souffrant de douleur post operatoire (DPO) a l’Echelle Visuelle Electronique (EVE) utilisee dans la douleur chronique. L’application de cette derniere n’ayant jamais fait le sujet d’etude en matiere de douleur aigue, cette etude est un prealable a tout travail ulterieur. Ce travail pose le probleme de l’autoevaluation : pas de tiers soignant present. Description Etude prospective incluant durant un mois et de maniere consecutive tous les patients evant beneficier d’une chirurgie abdomino-perineale. Une information standardisee sur le fonctionnement de l’EVE etait prodiguee la veille de l’intervention. L’appareil etait remis a la sortie de la salle de reveil, pour une duree de 48 heures, l’utilisation se faisant en totale autonomie. Donnees relevees : nombre de mesures, intensite de la douleur, âge, sexe, score ASA, type d’intervention, type d’antalgiques administres et douleur mesuree par l’EVA (Echelle Visuelle Analogique). Resultats Soixante dix-neuf patients sont inclus. Le nombre moyen de mesures est de 6 sur 48 heures. Deux groupes sont distingues : 1) utilisateurs : plus de 2 mesures = 43 sujets (G1) et 2) non utilisateurs : 0 a 2 mesures = 36 sujets (G2). Vingt-cinq pour cent des patients n’ont effectue aucune mesure. Il existe une difference significative entre les deux groupes (G1 VS G2) : moyenne d’âge 52 vs 62 ans, interventions peu douloureuses 28 vs 9 %, pas de morphine 33 vs 17 % Enfin, l’etude des aires sous la courbe (24 premieres heures) met en evidence des scores de douleurs plus elevees avec l’EVE : AUC = 716 (EVE) vs 297 (EVA) ; p Conclusion L’utilisation de l’EVE n’est pas nulle tenant compte du fait de l’absence de consequence therapeutique. La difference de scores de douleur qui apparait entre les deux echelles devra etre confirmee par d’autres etudes, mais deja, il nous faut reflechir au concept d’auto evaluation en matiere de douleur aigue. La presence du soignant n’interfere-t-elle pas dans la mesure ?