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PurposeThis study aimed to analyze the biomechanical characteristics of the lower limb in patients with patellofemoral pain (PFP) while walking under different sensory integration tasks and elucidate the relationship between these biomechanical characteristics and patellofemoral joint stress (PFJS). Our study’s findings may provide insights which could help to establish new approaches to treat and prevent PFP.MethodOverall, 28 male university students presenting with PFP were enrolled in this study. The kinematic and kinetic data of the participants during walking were collected. The effects of different sensory integration tasks including baseline (BL), Tactile integration task (TIT), listening integration task (LIT), visual integration task (VIT) on the biomechanical characteristics of the lower limb were examined using a One-way repeated measures ANOVA. The relationship between the aforementioned biomechanical characteristics and PFJS was investigated using Pearson correlation analysis.ResultsThe increased hip flexion angle (P = 0.016), increased knee extension moment (P = 0.047), decreased step length (P < 0.001), decreased knee flexion angle (P = 0.010), and decreased cadence (P < 0.001) exhibited by patients with PFP while performing a VIT were associated with increased patellofemoral joint stress. The reduced cadence (P < 0.050) achieved by patients with PFP when performing LIT were associated with increased patellofemoral joint stress.ConclusionVIT significantly influenced lower limb movement patterns during walking in patients with PFP. Specifically, the increased hip flexion angle, increased knee extension moment, decreased knee flexion angle, and decreased cadence resulting from this task may have increased PFJS and may have contributed to the recurrence of PFP. Similarly, patients with PFP often demonstrate a reduction in cadence when exposed to TIT and LIT. This may be the main trigger for increased PFJS under TIT and LIT.

This study intends to determine the elements for adopting corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices that would boost the organization's performance (OP) either directly or indirectly in Pakistan's oil and gas sectors. This research demonstrates how companies may improve their performance by participating in various CSR efforts, for example, companies can encourage their workers by providing them with information about CSR practices, and they can support multiple facilitators of CSR integration to enhance OP.

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological features and influencing factors of rabies in Shanxi Province，and to provide evidence to further promote the elimination of rabies in Shanxi Province.MethodsThe incidence data of rabies in Shanxi from 2011 to 2022 were collected and subjected to descriptive analysis.ResultsFrom 2011 to 2022， a total of 348 rabies cases were reported in Shanxi Province， with an average annual incidence of 0.080 3/105. The incidence of rabies showed a downward trend overall. The highest incidence was in August. The cases were mainly farmers， mostly males， and most cases were reported between 50 and 69 years old. The data of cases showed that dogs were the main animals attacking human （93.96%）. The incubation period of most cases was 1‒3 months （37.37%）.The main exposure site was hand（51.33%）. Only 2.66% cases with grade Ⅲ exposure were injected with passive immune agents.ConclusionThe incidence of rabies in Shanxi Province continues to decrease， but there are still loopholes in prevention and control measures. It is necessary to strengthen the management and immunization of dogs，health education， and standardized procedures after exposure to maintain the achievements in the prevention and control of rabies.

College students’ physical fitness test scores are an important criterion for evaluating students’ physical fitness, and scientific and effective prediction and analysis of physical fitness test scores can provide a theoretical basis for subsequent physical education teachers to carry out teaching. This study proposes a combined prediction model of the gray system and neural network to deal with the small sample data of college students’ physical fitness test scores, introduces the basic concepts of the GM(1,1) model and BP neural network, respectively, and explains the advantages and complementarities between the gray prediction and the neural network prediction, which provides theoretical support for the combined prediction model. By capturing 2000 college students’ physical fitness test scores from a university as the research object, 1600 of them were used as training samples and the remaining 400 as test samples, and different data sets were divided by gender. The model was applied to predict individual specific item scores and classify the total assessment. Taking the girls’ 50-meter running performance as an example to draw the comparison curve of the prediction model, it was found that the error of the gray neural network model prediction was within 0.5 seconds. In addition, the RMSE values of the prediction results of other sports performance were all below 0.06, and the MAPE values were all below 3%, which means that the model can meet the practical requirements of the prediction of the physical fitness test. The horizontal ladder plot and confusion matrix plot reflect that the model is relatively accurate in predicting the overall rating level of students’ physical fitness test scores, with an accuracy of 95.142% in the boys’ dataset and 95.425% in the girls’ dataset.

A dual-wavelength transceiver separation method is proposed for the problem of self-interference limiting the system communication performance in Full-Duplex Underwater Wireless Optical Communication (FD-UWOC) systems. Based on the Monte Carlo numerical simulation, the effects of self-interference on the performance of 450 nm single-wavelength, 525 nm single-wavelength and dual-wavelength FD-UWOC systems are analyzed under three typical water qualities of Jerlov I, Jerlov IB and Jerlov II. The simulation results show that the poorer the water quality, the stronger the self-interference. It is also shown that the enhancement of self-interference will significantly reduce the Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR) of FD-UWOC, which limits the longest transmission distance of the system. The FD-UWOC system using the dual-wavelength transceiver separation method can bring about 60 dB improvement in OSNR compared with the single-wavelength FD-UWOC system, which can achieve a longer transmission distance. An 80 m improvement in Jerlov II water quality, and an effective transmission distance of more than 100 m in Jerlov I and Jerlov IB water quality are achieved. These results provide some reference significance to the design of FD-UWOC system.

In underwater optical communication systems, timely acquisition of distance information with the receiving end and high-speed communication are required. This paper proposes to integrate the monocular ranging function into the underwater blue-green laser communication system to realize the underwater optical communication ranging by integrating short-distance visual ranging and long-distance laser ranging. Using Monte Carlo method simulation, an underwater laser signal channel transmission model is established to simulate underwater laser spot images under different target sizes, distances and water qualities. We analyze the influence of these three factors on the accuracy of underwater monocular ranging. Considering the influence of spot diffusion and contrast reduction in simulated images on ranging accuracy, a monocular ranging algorithm is proposed that combines image enhancement and Zernike moments subpixel edge detection for small-sized underwater light source targets to improve the accuracy of the monocular ranging algorithm. Laboratory pool experiments were conducted to verify that the algorithm accuracy can meet the requirements.

Background: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a persistent global health challenge, owing, in part, to low rates of population CPR training. Smartphone applications have the potential to widely disseminate CPR basic training to a populace, but other studies have found multiple limitations in previously developed CPR guidance applications (CPR-GA). This study aims to use medical simulation to assess the relative CPR performance of novices using the ‘Rescue Me CPR!’ (RMC) app, a custom CPR-GA designed by this research team, to novices using ‘PG-CPR!’ (PGC), the most downloaded CPR-GA available in the USA, and to CPR certified medical personnel. Methods: In a prospective randomized experimental trial of 60 individuals, subjects were either given the RMC app, the PGC app, or had active CPR certification. They were presented a cardio-pulmonary arrest scenario and were observed while performing CPR on a high-fidelity manikin. Data was collected through four cycles of CPR, during which time 24 pertinent performance metrics and CPR steps were timed and recorded. These metrics were assessed on their own and used to calculate average time to compressions, average chest compression fraction, and rate of high-quality CPR for each study group. Results: CPR certified subjects called 911 in 100 % of simulation cases, started compressions 34 ± 10 s after first seeing the simulated patient, had an average chest compression fraction of 0.52, and performed high-quality CPR in 25 % of aggregate compression cycles. PGC app users called 911 in 70 % of simulation cases, started compressions 86 ± 17 s after first seeing the simulated patient, had an average chest compression fraction that could not be assessed due to inconsistent pauses during CPR, and performed high-quality CPR in 2.5 % of aggregate compression cycles. RMC app users called 911 in 100 % of simulation cases, started compressions 55 ± 6 s after first seeing the simulated patient, had an average chest compression fraction of 0.48, and performed high-quality CPR in 50 % of aggregate compression cycles. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that in all studied metrics, except time-to-first-compression, CPR provided by individuals using the RMC app is statistically equivalent or superior to CPR performed by a CPR certified individual and, in almost every metric, superior to CPR performed by users of the most downloaded android CPR guidance application, PG-CPR.

The creep-recovery test was used to analyze the rheological properties of black bean-wheat flour blends in linear and nonlinear viscoelastic regions. After adding black bean powder to wheat flour, the water absorption rate and development time of the dough were both increased, and the stable time of the dough showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. Creep and recovery data fitted well with the 4-element Burgers model (R2>0.94). During the creep time of 3、5、10 and 15 min, the λc、μc、Jcm、and Jmax of the dough gradually increased, the Jro and the recovery rate gradually decreased. Jco、Jro、Jcm generally showed a decreasing trend. After the deformation, the recovery rate of the dough in the recovery time of 3、5、10 and 15 min was 63.51%～73.6%. Under the shear stress of 150、250、500 and 1 000 Pa, the Jco、Jcm and Jmax of the dough gradually increased, μc、Jro、λr and recovery rate dropped from 89.99% to 32.36%. When the amount of black bean flour added in wheat flour was 10%, the weakening of the dough was the smallest and the stable time was relatively longer. The Linear creep-response analysis results showed that the dough had reached steady shear during the creep time of 3 min, prolonging of the creep time affected the elastic recovery and recovery speed of the dough, and the elastic network of the dough was broken partially; the recovery rate of the dough was 73.6% at the recovery time of 10 min. The nonlinear creep-analysis results showed that the dough was sensitive to shear stress outside the linear viscoelastic region, but it still had typical viscoelastic properties,improved the shear stress, reduced the steady shear viscosity of the dough, and accelerated the delayed elastic recovery.

This paper summarizes the rapid detection methods of edible vegetable oil components from the aspects of analysis principle and application technology, such as simulation sensory analysis, spectral analysis, electromagnetic spectrum analysis and biochip technology. The application results of these techniques in the component mixing identification of edible vegetable were further analyzed. It was showed that the integrated online rapid detection technology of multi-channel, multi parameter and multi capacity will be the developing direction of component analysis of edible vegetable oil and will lay a technical foundation for further improving the quality supervision of edible vegetable oil and safeguarding the interests of consumers in China.

Background Study: English education has been promoted in Taiwan for many years. Recently, content and language integrated learning (CLIL) has received attention as an effective way to integrate English into real-life contexts. With advances in technology, digital storytelling is suitable for students to develop multiple skills such as narrating real-life stories and recording them in English. Objectives: The present study developed a cooperative learning model in a CLIL context to enhance elementary school students' digital storytelling, English speaking proficiency performance, and financial knowledge. Methods: The participants were 43 sixth-grade students from two classes: the experimental group (n = 26) and the control group (n = 17). To investigate whether the digital storytelling results produced by the experimental group under the cooperative learning approach differed from the digital storytelling results produced individually by the control group, an experimental design was implemented throughout the 9-week course. All the participants took financial knowledge and English-speaking proficiency pre-tests and then received financial knowledge classes and digital storytelling instruction to help them effectively design digital storytelling videos, which incorporated the concepts of financial knowledge and English-speaking skills. Results and Conclusions: The results showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group in the overall digital storytelling performance, English speaking proficiency, and financial knowledge.