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What are the consequences of upward socioeconomic mobility for disenfranchised individuals? This article examines this question in the context of a business training program offered to residents of Brazilian urban slums, known as "favelas." The study employs a randomized controlled trial complemented by quantile regressions, field visits, and interviews. The results show that training improves favela dwellers' economic outcomes, such as by increasing income and participation in entrepreneurship, and some socio-psychological outcomes, such as by improving self-efficacy and optimism. However, these income improvements were accompanied by participants' enhanced experiences of favela stigma, an adverse socio-psychological outcome related to their residential segregation. Both quantitative and qualitative findings demonstrate the multifaceted nature of socioeconomic mobility, through which favela dwellers who prosper economically become more exposed to prejudice from people living outside favelas. The study illustrates, through the "allegory of the favela," the bittersweet process of socioeconomic mobility. This abductive research contributes to the literature by showing that while interventions designed to enfranchise individuals may effectively achieve economic inclusion in terms of income gains, they may simultaneously lead participants into discriminatory systems that further stigmatize people based on the same characteristics of their prior exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article draws on a transidiomatic interaction between South Africa and Brazil activists to investigate the emergence of "hybrids" (Latour 1993. We have never been modern. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press) of body, language, and politics, while simultaneously looking to the contextual objectification of communicative resources. The interaction took place during the 2013 Circulando, an annual event promoted by the NGO Raízes em Movimento in the Complexo do Alemão favelas in Rio de Janeiro. As both Brazil and South Africa were on the route of mega sporting events and the neoliberal transformation of the city into business, activists from both peripheries produced comparable views of their struggle against forced removals ahead of the FIFA World Cup. In this ethnographic case, translanguaging as hybrid embodied practice occurs alongside other semiotic moves, such as circumscribing specific pragmatic functions. The empirical and epistemic findings may be of relevance for translanguaging research. Specifically, activists' engagement with "non-modern" modes of hybridization (e.g., their contextual mingling of language resources, technologies and the body) and "modern" forms of objectification, such as the circumscription of specific "genres of listening" (Marsilli-Vargas 2022. Genres of listening: An ethnography of psychoanalysis in Buenos Aires. Durham: Duke University Press) suggest that it is not fruitful seeing as separate in our data the dynamics of hybridization and objectification, or the dynamics of transglossia and uniformization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumo Este artigo descreve a evolução recente do tecido urbano na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo e da desigualdade expressa pelas favelas, por meio de dados do Intituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística e do MapBiomas. Embora o crescimento populacional em todas as sub-regiões tenha decrescido em relação aos períodos anteriores, a chamada periferia ainda cresce mais do que o polo. A estrutura urbana mostra-se altamente segregada, com parte da população pobre morando em favelas. A metrópole, em 2019, apresentava 1.703 favelas, com população de mais de 2 milhões de habitantes, ocupando 12,26% dos domicílios metropolitanos. Como a população nesse tipo de assentamento cresceu quase a 3,44% anuais, a resultante é um adensamento das favelas, com problemas para sua urbanização.

The inequities of Brazilian society are present in metropolitan favelas in the scope of the provision of basic sanitation, health, and education services. They are also reflected in the food environment and, consequently, in their access to food. Thus, this study aimed to characterize physical access to food establishments in the favelas of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. We analyzed the distribution of Public Equipment for Food Security and Nutrition and food establishments registered in the State of Minas Gerais, both for the year 2019, in the census sectors of Belo Horizonte. We calculated food deserts and conducted food swamp analyses for the favelas. We used a buffer network to calculate the nearest neighbor and commute distance. We also calculated accessibility through public transport. Establishments that predominantly offer healthy foods are fewer and farther away from favelas, whereas those that predominantly offer unhealthy foods are widely available in the environment. To reduce inequities in these communities, programs and policies that encourage opening healthy food establishments and planting community gardens in favelas are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health and mental health of necessary entrepreneurs in Brasilian favelas, the social problems they experienced and implications for public health social work. The study used structured in-person interviews within selected Favela's, with a sample size of 721 entrepreneurs, aged between 16–70 years. All participants both worked and were resident in 15 out of the 27 Brasilian federal states. The bespoke questions explored socio-demographic questions, sought information on their entrepreneurship, health and administered the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale for Health. The results highlighted that many entrepreneurs have engaged in this form of enterprise due to economic necessity, with 64% of women and 43.6% of men identifying increased levels of anxiety through the pandemic, with the presence of children in the family being statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05 chi-square test) for anxiety. Of the 9.8% sample respondents have accessed the health care service and for women with children, the impact of the pandemic accentuated existing problems of childcare and patriarchy. We conclude by highlighting the importance of universal and accessible health and mental health support and care, their ongoing accessibility, along with the importance of social work during crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Tendo como base as experiências de pesquisa-ação em favelas e na periferia da Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, o artigo discute os caminhos da Educação Popular como princípio da ação, refletindo sobre a relação entre território e cotidiano, bem como apresentando o método da Comunidade Ampliada de Pesquisa-Ação (CAP) por nós desenvolvido como caminho artesanal de mediação com o território. Consideramos que a dimensão artesanal, dialógica e espiralar do método vem permitindo responder aos problemas colocados no campo da pesquisa pelo cotidiano do território onde se desenvolve. Assim, vai se configurando um método, cujo princípio da ação contribui para o debate sobre os modos de fazer pesquisas no campo da Educação Popular, bem como sobre as possibilidades de uma vigilância popular, em que o centro do movimento se encontra nos agentes sociais locais.

Há uma relação entre a difusão de uma cultura pentecostal em periferias e favelas e o uso de símbolos judaicos nessas localidades? Desde quando é possível identificar com maior intensidade a presença de símbolos judaicos e da bandeira de Israel na experiência religiosa e social de evangélicos residentes nessas áreas em cidades brasileiras? O que revela sobre este fenômeno social a formação do chamado Complexo de Israel (conjunto de cinco favelas na Zona Norte da cidade do Rio de Janeiro)? Essas são algumas das questões que animam a pesquisa que venho realizando com moradores de favelas e periferias no Rio de Janeiro e região metropolitana. Argumento que a formação de uma cultura pentecostal nessas localidades (Vital da Cunha 2021), ao contrário de reforçar um cristianismo que se contrapõe a Israel e ao judaísmo, produz uma relação tal que a experiência cristã pentecostal se atualiza e vivifica a partir da mobilização de símbolos, imagens e gramáticas judaicas. Um sentido de força e origem/tradição se anunciam em diferentes formulações que vão desde a questão racial até a “verdade da fé”.

Em setembro de 2023, ocorreu o “I Encontro Nacional de Produção, Análise e Disseminação de Informações sobre as Favelas e Comunidades Urbanas do Brasil”, promovido pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). O objetivo central do evento foi discutir a nomenclatura “aglomerados subnormais”, utilizada para designar territórios periféricos como favelas, grotas, alagados etc. nas pesquisas e publicações oficiais do órgão. Neste texto, busquei relatar minha experiência no evento, a partir da descrição de alguns aspectos considerados centrais por mim, além de explicitar o quanto esse encontro me impactou pessoalmente como mulher, negra e periférica que sou. Ao final de minha exposição, concluo que nomear é exercer poder. Ao abrir as portas para a sociedade, o IBGE se aproxima da construção de uma sociedade mais democrática e plural, afastando-se de discursos estigmatizantes e pejorativos sobre esses territórios e suas populações.

This comparative case study examines community self-governance in informal settlements in São Paulo, Brazil, through the Policy Arrangement Approach. Drawing on participant observation and semi-structured interviews, I highlight the importance of context in shaping self-governance and outcomes. Self-governance embodies power and politics, often not contained to the spatial boundaries of the informal settlements, and developed through intersecting nodes of people, organizations, institutions, resources, spaces. Ultimately, this study questions the notion of self-governance as a simplistic binary to propose self-governance as a dialectical continuum of self/non-self, recognizing the realities of governing communities as multiple, complex, and fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumo A disponibilidade de venda de alimentos no território pode influenciar no consumo alimentar da população. Entretanto, é importante compreender como as pessoas percebem o seu ambiente alimentar para se entender como essa disponibilidade afeta seu consumo em contextos distintos. O objetivo foi avaliar a percepção dos moradores de favelas brasileiras sobre o ambiente alimentar em suas vizinhanças. Estudo qualitativo, em que foram realizados grupos focais online guiados por um roteiro para reunir discursos coletivos sobre o acesso aos alimentos em favelas brasileiras. O convite ocorreu por meio das redes sociais e do contato com líderes comunitários e organizações não governamentais que atuam em favelas, por meio da técnica de amostragem “bola de neve”. Para a análise, foi utilizada a abordagem grounded theory (teoria fundamentada) e, como técnica, foi empregada a análise de redes temáticas. O acesso aos alimentos por moradores de favelas é permeado pela falta de recursos e elementos fundamentais para uma alimentação adequada e saudável, como: a falta de informação sobre alimentação; a renda insuficiente; e a baixa disponibilidade de estabelecimentos que comercializam alimentos saudáveis a preços acessíveis. São necessários programas e políticas públicas que incentivem a ampliação de equipamentos de segurança alimentar e nutricional, como hortas e feiras, e que aumentem a oferta de alimentos saudáveis com valores baixos nas favelas. Também são necessárias ações que abordem a complexidade das barreiras enfrentadas por moradores de favelas para ter acesso aos alimentos saudáveis.

O Complexo da Maré, localizado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, ocupa uma estreita faixa de terra limitada por duas importantes rodovias, a Avenida Brasil e a Linha Vermelha. O Morro do Timbau, sua primeira comunidade, recebeu as primeiras construções por volta de 1940. As palafitas podem ser apontadas como sistema de moradia primário na região, dada a possibilidade de “criar terra” em um panorama de escassez de espaço para novas moradias. A configuração territorial atual incorpora sucessivos e sistemáticos processos de aterramento. O aterramento nas regiões de palafitas foi inicialmente realizado por moradores e posteriormente se deu por intervenção do poder público. Este processo promoveu o estreitamento do braço de mar que separava a Ilha do Fundão do continente. Este artigo apresenta o mapeamento da forma urbana, envolvendo uma complexidade de ações e atores. O dinamismo no processo de evolução urbana fez com que as 15 comunidades que hoje compõem o Complexo da Maré possuam características territoriais distintas entre si, estampando uma diversidade e riqueza de configurações espaciais dentro de uma mesma extensão territorial.

The city of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) has various socially and historically marginalized areas, such as peripheral neighborhoods and favelas, which lack traditional leisure and cultural spaces. These areas are often seen as subaltern, neglected by the state, and not sufficiently contemplated in public policies. Consequently, local inhabitants frequently have to come up with improvised solutions, using their own resources to design and build sociocultural spaces. While much has been written about the practice of self-building in favelas, not enough research has been done from the urban planning/urban studies perspective pairing this practice with the decolonial theory hailing from South America. This article aims to frame the collective self-building of sociocultural spaces in favelas as a type of “insubordinate planning.” The concept of “insubordinate planning” is suggested here as part of a broader decolonial toolbox, regularly used by marginalized urban communities to persist and ensure their right to the city. To illustrate the connection between self-building, sociocultural spaces, insubordinate planning, and decolonial theory, the case study of the Sitiê Park in the Vidigal Favela is presented. This study was conducted through ethnography for a year and proves that decolonial principles are intrinsic to favela dwellers when it comes to building persistent spaces.

Resumo A capacidade institucional e o aparato normativo do Estado são importantes campos de disputas pela produção do espaço e pelo reconhecimento de direitos sociais. Tais disputas ganham especial relevância na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, marcada por intensas desigualdades sociais. Nesse quadro, as políticas de urbanização de favelas consolidadas entre as décadas 1990 e 2010 representam importante reconhecimento das favelas enquanto espaços de moradia popular. Este artigo analisa as políticas de urbanização de favelas realizadas no Rio de Janeiro nesse período, focando nos modelos institucionais e conteúdos normativos, situando-as nas conjunturas políticas locais e tendo o direito à moradia como norteador. Observam-se a continuidade e centralidade relativa dessas políticas no período analisado, contudo, são ressaltadas importantes contradições e limitações.

Esta peça etnográfica se propõe a apresentar uma pesquisa realizada no Só Cria, Pré-Vestibular localizado na Rocinha (RJ), partindo da curiosidade em identificar as particularidades e potencialidades da educação em contextos de favela. Para a coleta de dados, contou-se com a participação observante e com entrevistas realizadas junto a duas Coordenadoras. As categorias educação popular, desigualdade social e desigualdade educacional apareceram tanto nas perguntas de pesquisa quanto nas respostas obtidas. Significativos atravessamentos subjetivos constituem este trabalho e são apresentados sob a perspectiva do saber da experiência, perspectiva que se diluiu em outros aportes teórico-metodológicos na e para a análise dos dados. Percebeu-se, por fim, que há expectativas por parte das Coordenadoras sobre quais podem ser os impactos de suas ações; que a perspectiva esboçada inicialmente por Paulo Freire aparece como organizadora do trabalho pedagógico e; que as disciplinas curriculares são apenas meio para o projeto de formação humana em curso.

Este ensaio tem como objetivo geral discutir a forma como as práticas de violência institucional e de racismo ambiental impactam a vida de pessoas historicamente vulnerabilizadas, ao lançar luz sobre o cenário das favelas de Campo Grande - MS. A partir da revisão bibliográfica, nossa fundamentação se assenta nas leituras de Cutzen e Stoemer (2020) acerca da era do Antropoceno , nas proposições de Latour (2020) e sua concepção de Pluriverso, assim como nos estudos de pesquisadores latino americanos e suas críticas ao modelo de desenvolvimento e nos trabalhos de autores brasileiros sobre populações negra e tradicionais. Os dados apresentados indicam que a modernidade se articula em um discurso desenvolvimentista de progresso que tem causado danos à vida no planeta Terra. Ao final, tecemos críticas ao modelo de desenvolvimento, em busca de uma ampliação de espaços de escuta e de direitos.

Infrastructural projects in Brazilian favelas have long elicited complex meanings and emotions amongst those living with the new built systems. In this paper, I discuss residents' everyday engagements with a major slum upgrading project in Complexo do Alemão, Rio de Janeiro – a gondola system called the teleférico – in order to understand the multiple affective dimensions of this infrastructural project. Drawing on the work of anticolonial theorists and feminist geopolitical scholars, alongside participant observation and semi-formal interviews, I explore two main affective registers of the gondola. First, the teleférico – as a physical infrastructural means of territorial integration – is shaped and made meaningful to residents by a long history of territorial and geopolitical racialized fear. The teleférico here becomes a symbol of integration and modernity that transforms understandings of what Complexo is and who community residents are in relation to the rest of Rio. Second, and interrelated, the teleférico is not simply a physical infrastructure but also has affective dimensions itself for those who engage it daily: the way it is understood by and materializes to community members is a function of their socio-spatial experiences of racialized neglect, fear, and hope for less violent futures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spatial imaginations of organisations can be particularly insightful for examining power relations. However, only recently they have gone beyond the limits of the workplace, demonstrating the role of the territory for organised action, particularly in mobilising solidarity for resistance. In this article, I investigate power relations revealed by the political economy of the territory to explain contradictory actions undertaken by organisations. Specifically, I adopt the theoretical framework of the noted Brazilian geographer Milton Santos, who recognises spatial multiplicity and fragmentation while maintaining an appreciation of the structural conditions of the political economy. This perspective is particularly useful for the analysis of civil society organisations (CSOs) in a Brazilian favela (slum), given the context of high inequality perpetuated by the selective flows of urban development. First, I show that the history of favelas and their role in the territorial division of labour explain the profiles of existing organisations. Then, I examine how the political engagement of CSOs with distinct solidarities results in a dialectical tension that leads to both resistance based on local shared interests and the active reproduction of central spaces even if the ends are not shared. The article contributes to the literature of space and organisations by explaining how territorial dynamics mediate power relations within and across organisations, not only as resistance but also as the active reproduction of economic and political regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Doc On-Line: Revista Digital de Cinema Documentário is the property of Doc On-Line: Revista Digital de Cinema Documentario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The COVID-19 pandemic has deepened existing inequities and injustices in Brazil, seen in the disproportionately detrimental impacts on favelas. State policy responses to the pandemic have disregarded favela residents' experiences. Recommendations such as 'shelter-in-place' ignore the reality of over 11.4 million favela residents who cannot work from home or afford to stop working, nor practise physical distancing from others. This study investigates the discourse of community organisations in favelas as they respond to the threats of the COVID-19 pandemic and the state's necropolitics. Community organisations in favelas have taken action to protect their residents from the virus, unemployment and hunger. I assess organisations' (1) justification to act as a collective in their communities, and (2) stances about the government's responses to the crisis. Through content analysis of social media, websites and media appearances of eight favela organisations and collectives in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, this study finds three main themes through which organisations justify their actions: vulnerability, neglect, and collectivity and care. More than survival strategies, the actions of favela organisations are counter-political acts as they oppose the decrepit necropolitics of the state by collectively enduring in the Brazilian context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding favela organisations' actions in response to the pandemic is fundamental. It further illuminates the impact of public health emergencies in the lives of informal settlements' residents and the governance of public health emergencies in these communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourist visits to the favelas of Rio de Janeiro began in the 1990s and reached their peak in the 2010s, when the city received unprecedented media exposure due to the hosting of the main mega-events of the decade (World Cup, World Youth Day, Olympic Games). But out of the thousand or so favelas in the city, only a handful are touched by the phenomenon. The favelas of tourism are also affected by another process, this time embodied by the State, which consists of the deployment of Pacifying Police Units (UPP). This article offers a reflection about the relationship between tourism and pacification in the favelas of Rio de Janeiro.

The text will start from the origins of the “critical regionalism” denomination to investigate the consequences of the “operational” approach to the history of contemporary architecture. In particular, I will start from the new framework in which the role of architecture today arises and from how this derives a need for an overall "repositioning" of the architect and his culture which requires, in addition to a change in responsibility and age, tools also reconsideration of the architectural events that preceded us and of the approach to their analysis. I will consider how the “regionalistic” position of many characters has produced a double consideration of the events of a modernity that today more than ever appears unique, multifaceted and useful perhaps more for what it contained “marginal” than for its mainstream. Finally, I will deal with an attitude, in the past practiced by architects, that of the construction of a “history” useful for the trade, now almost completely abandoned, and the risks that derive from this.

RESUMO Este artigo procura pensar a chamada “virada infraestrutural” nos estudos urbanos ao longo das últimas duas décadas a partir das teorias e das temporalidades da urbanização das cidades brasileiras. Nosso objetivo é apresentar ao debate internacional sobre a provisão de infraestruturas urbanas uma visão panorâmica de discussões teóricas produzidas no Brasil, a partir de pesquisas etnográficas que há cinquenta anos tematizam a produção cotidiana das cidades. Na primeira parte, retomamos as primeiras etnografias feitas sobre favelas cariocas, no final dos anos 1960, destacando as relações intelectuais entre pesquisadores e a atenção dada às casas e aos serviços urbanos. Na seção seguinte, trazemos para o debate a figura das agentes comunitárias de políticas de habitação social. Como conclusão, a partir das agentes comunitárias, dialogamos com a proposta de AbdouMaliq Simone de pensar “pessoas como infraestruturas”. Técnica e política, trabalho e militância, documentos e materialidades se articulam nos diagnósticos sociais, de modo que as fronteiras entre Estado, mercado e movimentos sociais urbanos se borram.

RESUMO Tomando a mudança infraestrutural nas favelas como ponto de partida, este artigo investiga como a infraestrutura elétrica contribui para o entendimento da produção da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Baseia-se na “virada infraestrutural” nos estudos urbanos e na noção de tecnopolítica para trazer uma nova perspectiva para o papel das infraestruturas urbanas na mediação da vida cotidiana, na formação da forma da cidade - tanto material quanto simbolicamente - e na gestão da diferença e das desigualdades urbanas. Em particular, o artigo expõe três formas diferentes pelas quais as infraestruturas elétricas contribuem para a produção o tecido urbano do Rio de Janeiro: 1) reordenamento do espaço urbano; 2) fragmentação urbana; e 3) práticas cotidianas. Por meio dessa análise, o artigo busca investigar a relação entre infraestrutura e tecido urbano, considerando os aspectos tecnológicos, materiais e simbólicos das infraestruturas que configuram o espaço e as práticas cotidianas.

This article discusses the growth of Pentecostal churches in favelas of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The author pleads for a systemic inclusion of religious ideas and practices in theoretical reflections on citizenship in the urban contexts of Brazil. Concretely, scholars need to include the explosive rise of Pentecostalism in their reflections on insurgent citizenship this religious movement fuels rights discourses and supports feelings of pride and dignity in the face of structural spatial exclusion. The author highlights two important relations between favela building practices and Pentecostalism. One concerns the affinity between the bottom-up organizational and doctrinal structure of the biggest Pentecostal denomination in Brazil (the Assemblies of God) and the informal building practices of favela residents. The other concerns the elective affinity between autoconstruction in terms of Pentecostal projects of self-fashioning and self-governance and autoconstruction in terms of favela building practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we scrutinize the concept of 'urban informality' in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. By unpacking key moments in Rio's history when conceptualizations of informal housing (i.e., favelas) changed, we explain why favelas have been understood in different ways over the last century. Our argument is that the concept of informality, while signaling an important shift in how favelas were understood, also perpetuated orientalist epistemologies in theories of urban development. This helps to explain why the term gained traction when it did, as well as why it remains salient today. In Rio, this means that changing understandings of favelas over the last century reveal little about actual changes within favelas, and more about how different geographic imaginaries were projected onto them, reflecting specific 'problems' confronting the city at different moments in history. This is important for seeing how conceptualizations of favelas – including the ways we understand urban informality – tend to mirror a host of latent social and political anxieties connected to urban development, including attempts to govern and control informal space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumo O artigo analisa o movimento de favelas de Belo Horizonte e seu jornal O Barraco, evidenciando a formação da consciência de classe e raça nas práticas da Federação dos Trabalhadores Favelados nos anos 1950 e 1960. O texto divide-se em duas partes: numa primeira, enfatiza o enquadramento dado pela sociologia urbana aos associativismos de favelas e o silêncio sobre a questão racial em Belo Horizonte, enfocando as monografias e livros de autores que foram pioneiros na análise do espaço urbano e das mobilizações em favelas, na segunda metade do século XX; numa segunda, analisa o movimento social, evidenciando como a experiência dos trabalhadores favelados relacionava-se com os estigmas e controles sociais racializados na cidade e com uma cultura política operária dos anos 1960. A análise faz uso de monografias, estatísticas, jornais, fotografias, documentos acumulados e apreendidos pela polícia política e estatutos de associações civis para compreender a formação da consciência de classe e raça articulada nas práticas associativas e de protesto.

A series of seminars held in Brasilia in the mid-1980s institutionalized Urban Design as a discipline in Brazil. It triggered a new approach to urban interventions, in consonance with the country's re-democratization process and the critical debates fostered by the new political condition, following the end of the dictatorship. This paper explores the seminars' outcomes in order to account for the rationale of urban design in Brazil, when social milieu, cultural character and participatory processes became fundamental design tools. By examining this turning point, the paper adds to the historiography of the genesis of Urban Design in Brazil while highlighting the particularities of the local approach to the global term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Desde mediados de siglo XX, la mayoría de los países latinoamericanos se enfrentan a una continua migración de gente empobrecida desde zonas rurales hacia asentamientos informales en la periferia de las ciudades. A pesar de las condiciones de hacinamiento y pobreza extrema, el acceso a fuentes de trabajo, educación, centros de salud y transporte público continúan estimulando la expansión de los asentamientos. Este estudio examina cómo varios arquitectos latinoamericanos -Teddy Cruz, Jorge Jáuregui y Flavio Janches- están desarrollando nuevas tácticas de intervención urbana sustentadas en el análisis y la comprensión del contexto, la revaloración de la identidad cultural de la comunidad, y la participación de diversas agencias asociadas al proyecto, como agrupaciones vecinales, líderes barriales, ONGs, y representaciones gubernamentales.

The vision of Pedro Ernesto, a physician who was appointed interventor of the Federal District in 1931, has had a strong impact on the history of the city, especially with regard to the favelas, which were partially integrated into his political project. This article first seeks to understand the strategies deployed by the mayor to build his electoral support base in the favelas, then analyzes the meaning of his policy of establishing schools in these territories and, finally, discusses the limits of his project, starting from the legal-urbanistic implications of the debate on favelas at the time.

Resumo O artigo apresenta uma análise da atuação de órgãos internacionais nas favelas na década de 1960: o Brasil-Estados Unidos Movimento, Desenvolvimento e Organização de Comunidade, a Ação Comunitária do Brasil e a Organização das Nações Unidas. Tais entidades veicularam o ideal desenvolvimentista pela cooperação técnica aos países considerados subdesenvolvidos, articulando ciências sociais puras e aplicadas por meio do desenvolvimento de comunidade. Os documentos do Fundo Anthony Leeds custodiados na Casa de Oswaldo Cruz foram utilizados para analisar as ações dessas agências nas favelas e as suas concepções de desenvolvimento. Foram comparados documentos oficiais desses órgãos, como jornais e programas, com notas de campo e cartas de cientistas sociais que faziam trabalho de campo nas favelas no período.

Resumo Este artigo examina a produção intelectual do sociólogo Carlos Alberto de Medina a partir de sua experiência profissional no Serviço Especial de Saúde Pública e no estudo da SAGMACS sobre as favelas cariocas nos anos 1950. Autor pouco conhecido na história das ciências sociais no Brasil, seus trabalhos, entretanto, lançam luz sobre o modo como perspectivas sociológicas contribuíram para a reflexão acerca das relações entre saúde, desenvolvimento e democracia no período. Questionando as possibilidades de ingresso das populações pobres, dos campos e das cidades, na cidadania, Medina enxerga o Brasil rural e o Brasil urbano como universos interrelacionados, presos a uma mesma dinâmica sócio-histórica, autoritária e excludente, que remontaria ao latifúndio senhorial. Segundo o sociólogo, na ausência de reformas que alterassem esse quadro, fortalecendo a capacidade organizativa e a participação social das camadas populares, o processo modernizador brasileiro dificilmente redundaria em mudanças sociais efetivas.

Research summary: E-commerce firms make fewer products available and charge higher delivery prices to customers inside Brazilian favelas than they do to customers immediately outside favelas, despite the absence of infrastructure impediments at the favela borders. This phenomenological study uses mixed methods to investigate firm heterogeneity in these practices. The analysis shows that some firms treat favela consumers more equitably than their competitors. These firms (i) invest in physical stores inside and outside favelas, which are complementary to their online marketplaces, and (ii) engage genuinely with employees and consumers, which reflects their stakeholder orientation. By examining how firms operate in disadvantaged communities, scholars can enrich core theoretical constructs in strategic management, particularly by integrating insights from the fields of critical geography and urban economics. Managerial summary: This study investigates whether firms operate differently in disadvantaged communities compared to co-located nondisadvantaged areas. Findings show that operations in disadvantaged communities, such as favelas (Brazilian urban slums), demand specific investments that support transactions and contribute to realizing the underdeveloped potential of those communities. Firms succeed in commercial endeavors within disadvantaged communities by redeploying their resources and cultivating a stakeholder culture concomitantly. This strategy enables superior performance and the change-making of structural inequalities to help alleviate poverty and develop urban communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper contributes to critical and Southern urban studies by discussing how the notion of hybridity is useful to understand contemporary modes of politics rooted in equality pursuits and crafted by peripheral subjects. It analyses the birth, discourses and tactics of three grassroots groups in Rocinha, an immense peripheral settlement in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to show how modern insurgent claims – based on material urban rights – are intertwined with other grammars of justice, such as the politics of intersectional difference, critical pedagogies, solidarity and care. These cases suggest that contemporary insurgency builds on rights-based citizenship claims to create unique pathways that somehow articulate the universality and relationality of justice. I suggest that hybrid insurgent citizenship operates like a braid in which different strategies are uniquely and interdependently linked over time. Whilst in Rocinha the central thread is insurgency, the same logics could apply to other context-situated political traditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Favelas in São Paulo, Brazil have been undergoing major transformations since the 1980s with the rise of upgrading programs. These programs are widely seen as ways of alleviating urban vulnerability. However, the fact that they change the political structure of favelas, causing power imbalances, goes often untold. This article discusses the outcomes of upgrading efforts in Favela do Sapé, placing a special emphasis on the social actors involved in the upgrading. Characters such as favela dwellers, governments, and parallel powers are assessed through a power planning lens. The present analysis also focuses on the social actors’ relational possibilities that are aimed at changing the power scenarios of favelas.

This essay intends to make readers listen to the voices of women from the Maré favela complex located in Rio de Janeiro. We cross-referenced data from “Mapa social do corona”, a bulletin produced by Observatório de Favelas with reports on the everyday life of the local population. Using the “quotation mark method”, this study records testimonials in which the polyphony of voices reflects the challenges people in the favelas face due to the global crisis generated by Covid-19. Such reports derive from observations of women watching from their windows, women who went out to work every day, female shopkeepers in their small businesses and women who engaged in the fight against hunger by leading campaigns to distribute food baskets, among other actions and events that are considered marginal, but that speak volumes about the dynamics of resistance and existence of the favelas.