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Emerging adults in the U.S. face significant economic uncertainty during the early life course. Economic uncertainties grew in the 2000s, especially for the Millennial cohort. Access to credit can be a resource to manage the instability that characterizes emerging adulthood. However, debt can also become a burden, making credit like a "double-edged sword." We study inequality in debt holding for five debt types that provide distinct resources and burdens, including mortgages, car loans, student loans, credit cards, and other debts to businesses. We analyze the extent to which the Millennial cohort accumulated unequal debts by the end of emerging adulthood using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 Cohort. We find strikingly unequal debt holding by education, race/ethnicity, and education-by-race/ethnicity for Millennial emerging adults. We conclude that policies and programs that support emerging adult financial wellbeing will be crucial for healthy development and reduced inequalities during this life course stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the role of financial policy in the economy of Ukraine at the beginning of the 20th century, as the main tool for supporting its financial potential in the conditions of military conflict, in which our state was constantly in after leaving the empire. The methodological basis of the work is general and special methods of scientific research and cognition, including methods of theoretical generalization, synthesis and analysis, comparison, modeling, etc. Scientific articles and monographs of many domestic scientists were used as the main information base, in particular the works of P.Gai-Nyzhnyk, V.Polishchuk, O.Kopylenka and M.Kopylenka, O.Mironenko and others. The study of the financial component of the short-lived functioning of the Ukrainian state at the beginning of the 20th century is an actual scientific and practical task. In particular, the mistakes of the governments of Ukraine at that time, including those in the financial area, led to the state existing for only four years. The geopolitical situation at the beginning of the 21st century looks similar to the one that happened hundred years ago, because today Ukraine is again involved in a conflict with an aggressive eastern neighbor, which again threatens to destroy its sovereignty. The study of achievements and mistakes of the financial policy of the governments of the Ukrainian state at the beginning of the 20th century is an opportunity for modern scientists to analyze their activities with the aim of creating a reliable long-term financial policy for today and for the future, taking into account modern trends and technologies. The study of the financial policy of the governments of Ukraine during the time of the Central Rada, the Hetmanate and the Directory makes it possible today to correctly assess the threats and risks facing the state in a new military conflict «to exhaustion», to apply the right tools to support domestic business and the stability of its own currency, to mobilize its own financial resources and the economy as a whole for their own survival.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on religion and its practice. This paper aims to examine how the pandemic affects religious activities, donations, and finances over time and across regions within the United Methodist Church (UMC) in the USA. To address this question, we analyze survey data collected during the pandemic from 2963 churches in the USA by United Methodist Communications. Our analysis utilizes several quantitative techniques, including Z-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multinomial logistic regressions. The results indicate a decrease in church attendance over time, with a more pronounced effect observed in non-urban areas (suburban, small town, and rural). Similarly, while church donations and finances mitigate over time across churches, churches in urban areas experience a quicker rebound compared to those in non-urban areas. Lastly, we find that church attendance and donations positively affect finances. These findings hold important implications for churches in various regions, offering insights to develop strategies for navigating the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the transition of municipal finances in Coimbra, Portugal, from the Ancien Régime to the liberal period (1820-1850). It aims to assess the extent of the influence of liberalism on municipal financial administration and its alignment with broader liberal goals, drawing on the literature of new institutional economics. Using documents from Coimbra’s Municipal Archive, in particular revenue and expenditure records, it examines the impact of the 1820 Liberal Revolution on financial structures. The study concludes that while some changes did take place, the Revolution had only a modest impact on municipal finances, with many absolutist-era characteristics persisting. Revenue increases were primarily attributed to the incorporation of non-municipal accounts. Indirect taxes became the primary source of revenue and there was a notable rise in expenditure on construction and mandatory municipal services. Despite the challenges to financial management, the municipality avoided high levels of indebtedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The National School Lunch and School Breakfast programs reduce food insecurity and improve dietary intake. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, school meals were provided to all children at no cost, regardless of income. This policy is known as Healthy School Meals For All (HSMFA). The purpose of the study was to examine the feasibility of a HSMFA policy in Utah. Methods: A mixed‐methods approach was used, including qualitative interviews for policymakers, surveys for school foodservice directors, and financial modeling of Utah Child Nutrition Programs data. Analysis included a phenomenological analytic approach for qualitative data, descriptive statistics for surveys, and development of a cost model with 6 scenarios. Results: Qualitative data revealed themes of (1) awareness; (2) responsibility; (3) perspectives on school meals; and (4) new opportunities. Most (81%) foodservice directors believed HSMFA should continue post‐pandemic. HSMFA would cost $51,341,436 to $82,358,375 per year. Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and Equity: HSMFA would result in the equitable treatment of all children regarding access to healthy school meals. Conclusions: Given the support of foodservice directors but the lack of political consensus, considering stepwise implementation and providing cost estimates may increase feasibility of a HSMFA policy in Utah. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Background Method Results Conclusion Implications This study explored how marital financial collaboration and approval along with financial constructs predicted midlife couples' reports of retirement financial concerns.Retirement is an expected time of life that many couples plan for in advance. Despite knowing that years of life without regular income are anticipated, many people experience financial strain in retirement, which can impact their marital happiness.Data for this study came from a sample of 324 midlife (Mage = 44 years) couples that participated in the Flourishing Families study. We examined predictors of financial worries for retirement using dyadic probit regression models.Results suggested that both husbands and wives worried about having insufficient income and heavy debt in retirement, and that husbands had particular concerns about excess spending. Findings from predictive models suggested that husbands and wives both reported that better financial collaboration, husbands' approval of partners' financial behaviors, better physical health, and to some degree higher income, higher education, and having retirement savings, were protective against financial worries for retirement. In contrast, wives' reports of having retirement benefits and working more hours per week were risk factors.Marital financial collaboration and approval of partner financial responsibility by both members of dyads may have lifelong benefits, including as couples prepare for retirement.Efforts to provide greater access to retirement savings plans may also support couples from various social and economic backgrounds. Findings suggest that marital happiness in retirement could be increased as spouses work together in financial aspects of their lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parenting students constitute a significant portion of the college population, with 22% of undergraduate students nationwide managing the dual responsibilities of parenthood and education. Single-parenting students face disproportionate challenges to achieving academic success. This study examines the health, financial, and academic aspects of parenting students attending a large, urban public university, specifically comparing single parents to their married or cohabiting counterparts and non-parenting students in New York City. We collected data from 2104 participants, including 142 single parents and 119 married or cohabiting parents, through a cross-sectional survey. Using adjusted regression models, we evaluated the associations between parenting status and financial, health, and academic factors. Our findings reveal that, in comparison to non-parents, single parents are significantly more likely to carry debt (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.81), rely on food assistance (aOR 5.03), and achieve slightly lower GPAs (β − 0.11). Single parents also work more hours (aOR 1.66) and have an increased likelihood of facing debt (aOR 2.66), housing difficulties (aOR 2.80), food insecurity (aOR 2.21), and lower GPAs (β − 0.22) compared to their married or cohabiting peers. The disaggregation of single and married or cohabiting parents reveals significant disparities, emphasizing the vulnerability of single-parenting students in higher education. Targeted interventions addressing issues like food security and housing are essential to support the academic success of single parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many people who face adversity, such as disasters, demonstrate resilience. However, less is known about reactions to large scale disasters with longer recovery periods. The concern is that protracted disasters may result in more chronic or accumulated stressors with an uncertain or unknown end point and can exhaust the natural coping methods and ability to rebound. Thus, understanding patterns of longer-term disaster recovery, inclusive of resilience, is needed. Further resilience is not individual specific rather social determinants, such as support networks and available resources, are contributing factors. Methods: The purpose of this study is to improve understanding of mental health and resilience during increased stress, we aim to identify profiles of adaptation and psychological and social determinants that predict membership within predominant symptom groupings. We conducted an exploratory crosssection study (N = 334) with two phases of multivariate analysis. Latent profile models were estimated to identify groups based on depression, anxiety, and resilience scores. The second phase included a step-wise multinomial logistic regression to predict class membership. Results: We identified four distinct groups: 33% of participants were categorized as anxious, 18% depressed, 9% comorbid, and 40% with above average levels of resilience. Psychosocial factors such as demographics, trauma history, information access, loneliness, and lack of financial resources predicted poorer mental health outcomes and lower resilience. Conclusion: This study identified factors that contribute to overall wellbeing despite chronic stressors. Social determinants of adaptation, found in this study population, include loneliness, finances, and information access. The findings from this study support the need for both psychological and social adaption supports, inclusive of mental health treatment, to strengthen resilience activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines financial assets in the system of financial legal relations from the point of view of current legislation and regulatory acts of the European Union. The object of the study is a set of social relations regarding financial assets. The purpose of the article is to develop scientifically based conclusions about financial legal relations related to the use of financial assets in economic turnover. The work uses dialectical, logical, systematic, analysis and synthesis, formallegal, comparative-legal and other methods of scientific knowledge. It has been established that the financial assets of an enterprise, institution, organization are a separate group of assets provided in cash or other, mostly intangible goods, containing monetary claims, which have a monetary value and are capable of bringing economic benefits to the state in the process of formation, distribution and use of cash funds (state and non-state) aimed at solving social problems. A financial asset is a cross-industry category. From a material point of view, a financial asset is characterized as a fund of funds of a business entity, from a financial and legal point of view, a financial asset is a source of budget revenues, which in the process of taxation connects the fund of funds of a business entity with public monetary funds. Financial assets for the purposes of tax and legal regulation can be presented as property and property rights. Financial assets include cash and non-cash funds, documentary and nondocumentary securities, digital currency, equity instruments, digital financial assets (including hybrid rights), claims arising from various grounds, receivables. It is indicated that business entities conducting business activities are entitled to independently carry out financial activities, after paying taxes and mandatory payments, to dispose of the remaining profit. Understanding the legal nature and content of financial assets allows systematizing approaches regarding the place in the system of financial legal relations and the use of these resources in economic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on Thailand’s real estate market and to propose recommendations for investors and other market participants on how to continue operating in the market. The primary research methods employed were analysis, forecasting, and abstraction. The impact of the global pandemic on Thailand and the country’s economy, with a particular focus on the real estate sector, was evaluated. The changes observed in the real estate sector since the onset of the pandemic were presented, including a decline in activity due to travel restrictions, a correction of residential and commercial property prices, an increase in demand for suburban properties, and a shift towards online sales, among other notable developments.

En matière de gestion des finances, il n’est pas toujours facile, pour les chercheurs, de suivre les normes strictes suivies par les institutions. Mais un chercheur « délinquant » aux yeux du système est-il forcément non éthique?

BackgroundPrior research has examined how the post-military health and well-being of both the larger veteran population and earlier veteran cohorts differs from non-veterans. However, no study has yet to provide a holistic examination of how the health, vocational, financial, and social well-being of the newest generation of post-9/11 U.S. military veterans compares with their non-veteran peers. This is a significant oversight, as accurate knowledge of the strengths and vulnerabilities of post-9/11 veterans is required to ensure that the needs of this population are adequately addressed, as well as to counter inaccurate veteran stereotypes.MethodsPost-9/11 U.S. veterans' (N = 15,160) and non-veterans' (N = 4,533) reported on their health and broader well-being as part of a confidential web-based survey in 2018. Participants were drawn from probability-based sampling frames, and sex-stratified weighted logistic regressions were conducted to examine differences in veterans' and non-veterans' reports of health, vocational, financial, and social outcomes.ResultsAlthough both men and women post-9/11 veterans endorsed poorer health status than non-veterans, they reported greater engagement in a number of positive health behaviors (healthy eating and exercise) and were more likely to indicate having access to health care. Veterans also endorsed greater social well-being than non-veterans on several outcomes, whereas few differences were observed in vocational and financial well-being.ConclusionDespite their greater vulnerability to experiencing health conditions, the newest generation of post-9/11 U.S. veterans report experiencing similar or better outcomes than non-veterans in many aspects of their lives. Findings underscore the value of examining a wider range of health and well-being outcomes in veteran research and highlight a number of important directions for intervention, public health education, policy, and research related to the reintegration of military veterans within broader civilian society.

The financial projections used in decision-making are associated with a degree of uncertainty regarding the correct choice of the hypotheses used or the certainty of the value of the variables, which is why it is necessary to place ourselves in several scenarios in which the hypotheses and the value of the variables over which we have less control and which in turn have the most significant impact on the results must be varied. Expected results. The above process is known as Sensitivity Analysis.

Multitarget sentiment analysis extracts the subjective polarity of text from multiple targets simultaneously in a given context. This approach is useful in finance, where opinions about different entities affect the target differently. Examples of possible targets are other companies and society. However, typical multitarget solutions are resource-intensive due to the need to deploy multiple classification models for each target. An alternative to this is the use of multiobjective training approaches, where a single model is capable of handling multiple targets. In this work, we propose the Spanish MTSACorpus 2023, a novel corpus for multitarget sentiment analysis in finance, and we evaluate its reliability with several large language models for multiobjective training. To this end, we compare three design approaches: (i) a Main Economic Target (MET) detection model based on token classification plus a multiclass classification model for sentiment analysis for each target; (ii) a MET detection model based on token classification but replacing the sentiment analysis models with a multilabel classification model; and (iii) using seq2seq-type models, such as mBART and mT5, to return a response sequence containing the MET and the sentiments of different targets. Based on the computational resources required and the performance obtained, we consider the fine-tuned mBART to be the best approach, with a mean F1 of 80.300%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the period of urban reforms in Rio de Janeiro, focusing on the finances of the Federal District - an unusual object at the center of this theme, so widely debated by historiography. The central problem proposed seeks to measure and indicate the limits and challenges imposed by municipal finances on the reforming drive of district governments at the dawn of the 20th century. The study's methodology is based on confronting sources that systematically express quantitative information with others that describe and discuss the constitutive processes that outlined municipal finances in the period. In a critical-descriptive appraisal, we analyze the financial resources in their flow into the municipal coffers; we scrutinize the collection, spending and investments; we point out the sources, forms and costs of financing obtained by the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. The text looks for indications of the existence and degree of dependence, not only political, but especially financial, of the capital's government on the federal government. The analytical exercise of statistical tables and yearbooks, legislation and official reports - both municipal and federal - was complexified in the critical perspectives offered by texts and cartoons in periodicals, studies, memoirs and non-governmental reports, thus offering a contribution from Economic History to this subject of such long-standing interest to historians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advent of data analytics has revolutionized the landscape of retail banking, propelling financial institutions to explore innovative ways to enhance customer insights and revolutionize financial services. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the intersection between data analytics and retail banking, focusing on the transformative impact on customer insights and financial services innovation. In the realm of customer insights, data analytics plays a pivotal role in deciphering patterns, behaviors, and preferences. By harnessing advanced analytical techniques, retail banks can glean actionable insights from vast datasets, enabling them to understand customer needs, predict trends, and personalize services. This not only facilitates targeted marketing strategies but also fosters a deeper understanding of customer journeys, thereby optimizing the overall customer experience. Financial services innovation within the context of retail banking is another facet deeply influenced by data analytics. The integration of analytics-driven technologies, such as machine learning and artificial intelligence, empowers banks to develop predictive models for risk management, fraud detection, and credit scoring. These applications not only streamline operational processes but also fortify security measures, safeguarding both the institution and its customers. Furthermore, the review explores the role of data analytics in driving product and service innovation. Retail banks leverage analytics to identify gaps in the market, create customized financial products, and enhance existing offerings. The ability to analyze customer behavior aids in tailoring products that resonate with specific segments, fostering customer loyalty and increasing market share. The review also delves into challenges associated with data analytics in retail banking, including privacy concerns, data security, and regulatory compliance. Striking a balance between extracting valuable insights and respecting customer privacy remains a crucial consideration for banks navigating the data analytics landscape. The synthesis of data analytics and retail banking heralds a new era of customer-centricity and financial services innovation. As financial institutions continue to harness the power of data, the review underscores the need for ethical considerations and robust data governance frameworks to ensure sustainable and responsible implementation of data analytics in the retail banking sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Standardization of trauma centers improves quality of care, yet that comes with financial challenges. The decision to designate a trauma center typically focuses on access, quality of care, and the needs of the local community, but less often considers the financial viability of the trauma center. A level-1 trauma center was relocated in 2017 and this presented an opportunity to compare financial data at two separate locations in the same city. Methods: A retrospective review was performed on the local trauma registry and billing database in all patients aged ≥19 years on the trauma service before and after the move. Results: 3041 patients were included (pre-move: 1151; post-move: 1890). After the move, patients were older (9.5 years), and more were females (14.9%) and white (16.5%). Increases in blunt injuries (7.6%), falls (14.8%), and motor vehicle accidents (1.7%) were observed after the move. After the move, patients were less likely to be discharged home (6.5%) and more likely to go to a skilled nursing facility (3%) or inpatient rehabilitation (5.5%). Post-move more patients had Medicare (12.6%) or commercial (8.5%) insurance and charges per patient decreased by $2,833, while charges collected per patient increased by $2425. Patients were seen from a broader distribution of zip codes post-move. Discussion: Relocating a trauma center did improve financial viability for this institution. Future studies should consider the impact on the surrounding community and other trauma centers. Level of evidence: Level IV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing concern for the mental health and wellbeing of higher education students has been linked to increasing financial pressures associated with studying at university, a factor potentially magnified by the recent global pandemic and economic downturn. With limited longitudinal research to date, this study used cross-sectional survey data collected annually at a large UK university (n = 10,876) to examine overall trends in students' experience of financial stress between 2018 and 2022. Logistic regression investigated changes in students' self-reported financial stress across the four-year period, adjusting for variation in survey response rates and respondent characteristics. Our findings showed a 55% increase in students reporting financial stress (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.29–1.86) compared to none between 2018 and 2022. With the exception of 2020 and the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, the proportion of students experiencing financial stress increased each year. At a time of economic uncertainty, policymakers need to ensure appropriate advice, support, and funding frameworks are in place to ensure all students can continue to study successfully. Ongoing research should robustly examine the links between financial circumstances, mental health, and academic outcomes, to clearly identify intervention opportunities for relieving financial stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Le contrôle de recettes et de l'emploi des deniers publics est une exigence d'ordre public. Aussi l'obligation de rendre compte, de contrôler n'est limitée que par les prescriptions légales : elle ne souffre d'exception que par la volonté exprimée du législateur.

BackgroundThe costs of cervical spine surgery have steadily increased. We performed a 5-year propensity scoring-matched analysis of 276 patients undergoing anterior versus posterior cervical surgery at one institution.MethodsWe performed propensity score matching on financial data from 276 patients undergoing 1-3 level anterior versus posterior cervical fusions for degenerative disease (2015-2019).ResultsWe found no significant difference between anterior versus posterior approaches for hospital costs ($42,529.63 vs. $45,110.52), net revenue ($40,877.25 vs. $34,036.01), or contribution margins ($14,230.19 vs. $6,312.54). Multivariate regression analysis showed variables significantly associated with the lower contribution margins included age (β = -392.3) and length of stay (LOS; β = -1151). Removing age/LOS from the analysis, contribution margins were significantly higher for the anterior versus posterior approach ($17,824.16 vs. $6,312.54, P = 0.01).ConclusionAnterior cervical surgery produced higher contribution margins compared to posterior approaches, most likely because posterior surgery was typically performed in older patients requiring longer LOS.

When it comes to financial management, it’s not always easy for researchers to follow the strict standards set by their institutions. But is a researcher who is “delinquent” in the eyes of the system necessarily unethical?. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The burden of revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) continues to grow. The surgery is complex and associated with significant costs. Regional rTHA networks have been proposed to improve outcomes and to reduce re-revisions, and therefore costs. The aim of this study was to accurately quantify the cost and reimbursement for a rTHA service, and to assess the financial impact of case complexity at a tertiary referral centre within the NHS. Methods: A retrospective analysis of all revision hip procedures was performed at this centre over two consecutive financial years (2018 to 2020). Cases were classified according to the Revision Hip Complexity Classification (RHCC) and whether they were infected or non-infected. Patients with an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade ≥ III or BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 are considered “high risk” by the RHCC. Costs were calculated using the Patient Level Information and Costing System (PLICS), and remuneration based on Healthcare Resource Groups (HRG) data. The primary outcome was the financial difference between tariff and cost per patient episode. Results: In all, 199 revision episodes were identified in 168 patients: 25 (13%) least complex revisions (H1); 110 (55%) complex revisions (H2); and 64 (32%) most complex revisions (H3). Of the 199, 76 cases (38%) were due to infection, and 78 patients (39%) were “high risk”. Median length of stay increased significantly with case complexity from four days to six to eight days (p = 0.006) and for revisions performed for infection (9 days vs 5 days; p < 0.001). Cost per episode increased significantly between complexity groups (p < 0.001) and for infected revisions (p < 0.001). All groups demonstrated a mean deficit but this significantly increased with revision complexity (£97, £1,050, and £2,887 per case; p = 0.006) and for infected failure (£2,629 vs £635; p = 0.032). The total deficit to the NHS Trust over two years was £512,202. Conclusion: Current NHS reimbursement for rTHA is inadequate and should be more closely aligned to complexity. An increase in the most complex rTHAs at major revision centres will likely place a greater financial burden on these units. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(8):559–566.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common childhood dermatological diseases. Its characteristic clinical feature is intractable pruritus, which causes an urge to scratch the skin, and the occurrence of skin lesions which are typical in their morphology and location. It is characterised by its chronicity, difficulty of treatment and numerous psychosocial consequences which affect not only the patient, but also all family members. The child’s severe pruritus and visible skin lesions result in sleep disturbances, chronic fatigue, difficulties in intra- and extra-familial relationships or problems in the family’s financial situation. The effectiveness of treatment provided is highly dependent on the parents’ commitment, knowledge and skills, as well as their mental condition. Caring for a child with AD is demanding and disrupts many aspects concerning the quality of family life. This article addresses the impact of AD on child and family functioning and the burden of the disease.

This paper aims to study the process of collection and management of a royal tax, real de água, in Coimbra. The main research question lies in the analysis of the peripheral structure that was responsible for the collection and administration of this tax between 1772 and 1836, taking into account that the municipality was removed from this responsibility in 1672. To answer this question, this study examines the models of tax collection, the peripheral structure of the royal treasury that operated in Coimbra and the destination of the collected funds. It also seeks to determine, for the 1790-93 contract, the net balance of the rent contractors after deducting the collection costs and the amount due to the crown for the contract. The sources used are varied and correspond to revenue and expenditure books, compilations of legislation and correspondence, and auction registers.

BackgroundMany people who face adversity, such as disasters, demonstrate resilience. However, less is known about reactions to large scale disasters with longer recovery periods. The concern is that protracted disasters may result in more chronic or accumulated stressors with an uncertain or unknown end point and can exhaust the natural coping methods and ability to rebound. Thus, understanding patterns of longer-term disaster recovery, inclusive of resilience, is needed. Further resilience is not individual specific rather social determinants, such as support networks and available resources, are contributing factors.MethodsThe purpose of this study is to improve understanding of mental health and resilience during increased stress, we aim to identify profiles of adaptation and psychological and social determinants that predict membership within predominant symptom groupings. We conducted an exploratory cross-section study (N = 334) with two phases of multivariate analysis. Latent profile models were estimated to identify groups based on depression, anxiety, and resilience scores. The second phase included a step-wise multinomial logistic regression to predict class membership.ResultsWe identified four distinct groups: 33% of participants were categorized as anxious, 18% depressed, 9% comorbid, and 40% with above average levels of resilience. Psychosocial factors such as demographics, trauma history, information access, loneliness, and lack of financial resources predicted poorer mental health outcomes and lower resilience.ConclusionThis study identified factors that contribute to overall wellbeing despite chronic stressors. Social determinants of adaptation, found in this study population, include loneliness, finances, and information access. The findings from this study support the need for both psychological and social adaption supports, inclusive of mental health treatment, to strengthen resilience activation.

Introduction The Swiss Sports Observatory has been conducting the national club survey since 1996. Every six years, the club managers of all sports clubs belonging to an association affiliated to Swiss Olympic are asked to complete a questionnaire. The survey is supported by Swiss Olympic, the Federal Office of Sport and other partners and provides information on the development of Swiss sports clubs, their structures and performance, as well as their strategies and prospects. The latest club survey was published at the end of 2023 (Bürgi et al., 2023). Methods The 2023 club survey is based on an online survey of 6,782 sports clubs. With a total of 18,229 sports clubs contacted, this results in a participation rate of 37.2%. The results were validated and their representativeness checked through various comparisons with other surveys (survey of the associations and the population surveys "Sport Schweiz 2020" and "Freiwilligen-Monitor"). Results The number of sports clubs - but not the number of active members - has fallen slightly in recent years. However, the large number of small clubs continues to characterize the Swiss club system. The high density of clubs ensures a wide range of activities, but also ties up a lot of resources and leads to increased fluctuation among members. The vast majority of active members as well as children and young people are active in medium-sized and large clubs. The number of active club members has remained stable for many years. There has been no decline in club memberships, but the clubs cannot profit from population growth and the sports boom. There are also significant changes in the club structure: clubs are growing among children but losing members among adults. This development has an impact on the recruitment of volunteers. Voluntary work therefore remains the foundation of club sport, but also the number one challenge. The problem cannot be solved with increased professionalization. Although there is more paid work in clubs today, the need for volunteers is still growing. Club budgets also place limits on professionalization. Staff cost is already the largest expense item today. The financial situation of Swiss sports clubs has not generally deteriorated in recent years. However, it has not been possible to tap into new sources of income either and membership fees cannot be increased at will. Discussion/Conclusion Overall, Swiss sports clubs have coped well with the various challenges of recent years. At the same time, the proportion of clubs facing problems that threaten their existence is increasing. Only with the active further development of club work and differentiated approaches to solutions, which help to meet the growing demands placed on clubs and the associated increased need for volunteers and paid staff, will clubs remain a central pillar of Swiss sport in the future (Lamprecht & Nagel, 2022). References Bürgi, R., Lamprecht, M., Gebert, A. & Stamm, H. P. (2023). Sportvereine in der Schweiz 2022. Entwick­lungen, Herausforderungen und Perspektiven [Sports clubs in Switzerland in 2022: Developments, challenges and prospects]. Swiss Olympic. Lamprecht, M. & Nagel, S. (2022). Sportsoziologie: Einführung [Sociology of sport: Introduction]. Nomos.

En el contexto del estudio de las finanzas de la Universidad, este artículo pretende comparar dos fuentes de distinta tipología, una de carácter cuantitativo y otra de carácter cualitativo. La primera corresponde a los libros de ingresos y gastos de la Universidad, un registro detallado de todos los flujos de caja de la institución. La segunda fuente corresponde a la Relação do Rector Francisco de Lemos, que proporciona un testimonio detallado sobre las finanzas de esta Universidad. La información contable se introdujo en una base de datos para categorizar los diferentes ingresos y gastos y calcular las sumas. La comparación entre estos dos tipos de fuentes buscará responder a nuestra pregunta central: ¿cuáles son las similitudes y diferencias entre las fuentes, en relación con la realidad financiera de la Universidad de Coimbra entre 1773 y 1777? Los libros de ingresos y gastos resultan ser mejores instrumentos para el análisis financiero. Las mayores diferencias entre las cuentas fueron la no inclusión de los créditos solicitados para la ejecución de obras por parte de la Universidad, así como la separación de las obras de los demás gastos, por parte de Don Francisco, con el fin de ocultar el endeudamiento real de la Universidad.

Background: Podiatrists' earnings have an important influence on workforce dynamics. This includes the profession's ability to attract and retain workers so the population's healthcare needs can be met. This study aimed to describe financial characteristics of podiatry work and factors relating to a sense of financial security. Methods: This was a cross sectional study using data from Victorian podiatrists who participated in Wave 1 of the Podiatrists in Australia: Investigating Graduate Employment (PAIGE) survey. Demographic and financial characteristics were described. The outcome measure, financial security, was collected through a self-reported belief based on current financial situation and prospects, respondents' perception of having enough income to live on when they retire. Univariate logistic regression was used to determine associations with rural or metropolitan practice locations. Multiple ordered logistic regression was performed to explore associations between factors relating to financial security and retirement prospects. Results: There were 286 Victorian podiatrist (18% of n = 1,585 Victorian podiatrists) respondents. Of these, 206 (72% of n = 286) identified as female, 169 (59% of 286) worked in the private sector and the mean (SD) age was 33.4 (9.5) years. The mean (SD) annual gross income was $79,194 ($45,651) AUD, and 243 (87% of 279) made regular superannuation contributions. Multiple ordered logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with podiatrists' perception of having adequate retirement income. These included being an owner/partner of their main workplace (adj OR = 2.70, 95% CI = 1.49–4.76), growing up in a rural location (adj OR = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.38–3.70), perceiving a moderate overall health rating (adj OR = 2.03 95% CI = 1.51–2.75), not having financial debt related to education and training (adj OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.24–3.32) and regular contributions to a superannuation scheme (adj OR = 4.76, 95% CI = 2.27–10.00). Conclusion: This is the first known study to explore podiatrists' earnings and perceptions regarding financial security. Findings suggest modifiable ways to improve financial security of podiatrists including support and education about personal and business finances including debt management, understanding the importance of contributions to superannuation when self-employed, and developing skills and supports for podiatrists to run their own businesses. This research is exploratory and is relevant for understanding the impact that income and financial security have on workforce dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conflicts about money and finances can be destructive for both the quality and longevity of relationships. This paper reports on a descriptive analysis of the contents of financial conflicts in two samples. Study 1 examined severe financial conflicts in social media posts (N = 1014) from reddit (r/relationships). Eight themes were identified via thematic analysis: "unfair relative contributions" "who pays for joint expenses", "job and income", "exceptional expenses", "terms of financial arrangements", "discrepant financial values", "one-sided financial decisions", and "perceived irresponsibility". Study 2 examined reports of more mundane financial disagreements recalled by married individuals (N = 481). Seven themes were identified via thematic analysis: "relative contributions", "job and income", "different values", "exceptional expenses", "mundane expenses", "money management", and "perceived irresponsibility". In both samples, themes could be ordered along the dimensions of "concerns about fairness" and "concerns about responsibility". The association of relationship outcomes (perceived partner responsiveness, couple satisfaction) with each theme and demographic predictors (income, relationship length, shared finances) were explored. Independent t-tests suggested that participants who recalled disagreements fitting the themes at the extreme ends of the two dimensions ("unfair relative contributions" and "perceived irresponsibility") reported worse relationship outcomes. In contrast, participants recalling disagreements fitting the theme of "mundane expenses" reported better relationship outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Drawing on field exploration and surveying small businesses on May 31 and August 13, 2021, this paper provides insight into the economic impact of COVID-19 on small businesses within the Maryland, Virginia, Tennessee, and Texas markets in the United States. Several themes emerged from the exploratory primary research--first, evidence of massive business closures--second small businesses' financial distress. Third, small business closure directly correlates with the pandemic's longevity. Fourth, small businesses plan to utilize effective recovery strategies such as COVID-19 relief funds (Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act. The research findings bring insight into small business expectations on the long-standing impact of COVID-19 and the suggested effective recovery strategies for small businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of Review: Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a common and severely debilitating condition lacking clinical ownership, existing between neurology and psychiatry. This article reports the findings of recent research investigating the economic costs of FND diagnosis and management. We define what the costs are, why they exist, and suggest actionable steps to reduce them. Recent Findings: The financial burden of FND exists across the globe characterized by high healthcare utilization resulting in exorbitant direct and indirect costs for the patient, healthcare system, and society. Inadequate medical education and stigmatization of the disorder prolong the time to diagnosis, during which cyclical utilization of inpatient and emergency department services drive up costs. Despite being cost-effective, lack of accessible treatment compounds the issue, leaving patients without a reliable exit. Summary: Recent findings support an increased awareness and the need for a cultural shift to overcome the financial burden associated with this underserved population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To describe perceptions of financial navigation staff concerning patients' cancer-related financial burden. Methods: This qualitative descriptive study used a semi-structured interview guide to examine perceptions of financial navigation staff concerning patients' cancer-related financial burden. Staff who provided financial navigation support services to cancer patients were interviewed from different types of cancer programs across seven states representing rural, micropolitan, and urban settings. Interviews lasted approximately one hour, were audio recorded, and transcribed. Transcripts were double coded for thematic analysis. Results: Thirty-five staff from 29 cancer centers were interviewed. The first theme involved communication issues related to patient and financial navigation staff expectations, timing and the sensitive nature of financial discussions. The second theme involved the multi-faceted impact of financial burden on patients, including stress, difficulty adhering to treatments, and challenges meeting basic, non-medical needs. Conclusions and Implications for Cancer Survivors: Cancer-related financial burden has a profound impact on cancer survivors' health and non-health outcomes. Discussions regarding cancer-related costs between cancer survivors and healthcare team members could help to normalize conversations and mitigate the multi-faceted determinants and effects of cancer-related financial burden. As treatment may span months and years and unexpected costs arise, having this discussion regularly and systematically is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Concerned significant others (CSOs) can experience gambling-related harm, impacting their health and wellbeing. However, this harm varies depending on the type and closeness of the relationship with the person who gambles. We sought to determine the type and closeness of relationships that are more likely to experience harm from another person's gambling, and examine which aspects of health and wellbeing are related to this harm. Methods: We examined survey data from 1,131 Australian adults who identified as being close to someone experiencing a gambling problem. The survey included information on relationship closeness, gambling-related harm (GHS-20-AO), and a broad range of health and wellbeing measures; including the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI), the 12-item Short Form Survey (SF-12), and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short Form (PANAS-SF). Results: CSOs in relationships where finances and responsibilities are shared were more likely to be harmed by another person's gambling problem, particularly partners (current and ex) and family members. This harm was most strongly associated with high levels of distress and negative emotions, impacting the CSO's ability to function properly at work or perform other responsibilities. Discussion and Conclusions: Support and treatment services for CSOs should consider addressing the psychological distress and negative emotions commonly experienced by CSOs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomedical research recruitment today focuses on including participants representative of global genetic variation—rightfully so. But ethnographic attention to practices of inclusion highlights how this agenda often transforms into "predatory inclusion," simplistic pushes to get Black and brown people into genomic databases. As anthropologists of medicine, we argue that the question of how to get from diverse data to concrete benefit for people who are marginalized cannot be presumed to work itself out as a byproduct of diverse datasets. To actualize the equitable translation of genomics, practitioners need to place the impacts of ancestral genetic difference in the scope of much more impactful social determinants. For this to happen, multidisciplinary expertise needs to be leveraged, and current, structurally unequal health care systems ultimately need to transform. As modest steps toward this goal, new models for benefit‐sharing must be developed and implemented to mitigate existing inequality between data donors and the entities profiting from that data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural is the property of Sociedad Espanola para el Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Research has shown the athletic departments of historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) do not generate significant revenue. The financial struggle facing HBCU athletic departments can be explained using resource dependency theory. Specifically, as HBCUs are the most under-resourced member institutions of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), the numbers demonstrate how these institutions lack sufficient funding to invest in their programs. The purpose of this study is to explore the fiscal challenges facing HBCU athletic departments. To gather this information, two different groups of participants were interviewed to obtain an independent and insider perspective of the challenges. Phenomenology was the methodological approach for this study as each participant had the opportunity to discuss their unique view of the current financial state of HBCU athletic departments. Participants took part in semi-structured interviews framed around fiscal challenges. This study contributes to the growing body of literature addressing HBCU athletics by providing an exploration of current fiscal challenges facing the institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo examine funding and college-provided nutritional resources and to assess whether these are associated with diet quality and subsequent dietitian referral among female collegiate athletes of different sports levels. Participants: Female athletes (N = 120) from NCAA, NJCAA, and Club sports. Methods: Differences in questionnaire-based demographics, diet quality, and dietitian referrals were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-Square tests, with p < 0.05. Factors associated with diet quality and dietitian referral were examined using regression. Results: NCAA reported more funding than Club and NJCAA (p < 0.05). NJCAA expressed insufficient funds for purchasing food and reported fewer college-provided nutritional resources (p < 0.05) while showing lower diet quality scores and higher subsequent dietitian referrals than NCAA and Club. No significant associations for dietary quality and dietitian referrals were found. Conclusions: Athletes across all sports levels reported insufficient funds for purchasing food and low diet quality, with NJCAA, showing the least funding and fewest nutritional resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]