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The current study aims to explore parents and service providers' attitudes towards the social inclusion of people with neurodevelopmental disabilities into society, through exercising their rights in various financial transactions and personal status matters in the State of Qatar. Additionally, the study aims to explore any differences in the participants' attitudes towards social inclusion based on their role, gender and the child's disability type. Eighty-two service providers (46 Female) and sixty-five parents (40 Female) of children with Intellectual Disability or Autism Spectrum Disorder participated in this study. They completed the Attitudes towards social inclusion of people with disabilities (ASIPD) Scale. Findings showed that the participants believe that the Shari'ah (Islamic law) places a high premium on the social inclusion of the people with neurodevelopmental disabilities and predates various modern theories on the subject. In addition, the Islamic law permits the persons with mild neurodevelopmental disabilities to engage in many contracts in the realms of financial transactions and personal status. Parents and service providers have neutral to positive attitudes towards social inclusion of people with neurodevelopmental disabilities in terms of performing some financial transactions and some personal status rights like marriage and divorce according to severity of disability. Results were discussed and further recommendations were provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of studying the effectiveness of the existing financial monitoring system, particularly the adequacy of its regulatory framework, is driven by the intensification of processes related to the legalization of criminal proceeds involving financial institutions. This includes the entrenchment of shadow schemes in payment transactions, expansion of money laundering channels, and terrorism financing. Regulatory gaps have also emerged in overseeing the cryptocurrency market and digital financial services. This study aims to systematize the legal and regulatory framework and evaluate the effectiveness of the financial monitoring system, outlining prospects for further research. The research methodology involves balanced summarization, specification, systematization, generalization, and statistical analysis. Macroeconomic prerequisites for enhancing financial monitoring include socio-economic, political, and moral-ethical factors. The study notes that the effectiveness of anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing efforts is not always clear-cut, such as the unclear relationship between the intensity of measures and their effectiveness in preventing regulatory violations and the lack of accurate information about potential offences before disclosure. An objective understanding of financial monitoring effectiveness can be achieved through integral assessments. A methodology for calculating an integral indicator of effectiveness is proposed, which identifies weaknesses in the existing system. The need for new measures to strengthen the coordination of the financial monitoring system, especially under martial law, is emphasized. Based on the research results, recommendations for improving the effectiveness of the financial monitoring mechanism are formulated, including the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies for identifying financial transactions; the use of machine learning technologies; enhancement of monitoring in the cryptocurrency market; strengthening the oversight of transactions related to international terrorism; and developing an effective mechanism to combat financial crimes. These proposals may be useful for financial monitoring and economic security agencies in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women’s Appearance from the Perspective of the Holy Qur’an “Models of Financial Transactions” The importance of this research stems from the fact that it highlights the importance of the Qur’an regarding women, and shows that the issues of the Qur’an cover many aspects of women’s common matters - including financial transactions - and it also contributes to pushing back the allegations that Islam does not have enough rights for women, and aims to clarify the term “empowerment.” “Under the Qur’an, it sheds light on some forms of women in financial transactions through verses of the Holy Qur’an, by talking about: introducing them to the terms related to them, showing evidence from the Qur’an on how financial transactions are conducted, and explaining some women regarding earning money, or spending it. The research concluded with the most important results:Achieving Islam to enable women to engage in financial transactions in accordance with Sharia controls. The Qur’anic approach is distinguished in its consideration of empowering women in multiple aspects, including “financial transactions ”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality and mediocrity greatly affect financial transactions, whether in Islamic jurisprudence or legal systems, and are the basis of trust between contracting parties. This paper addressed the issue of quality and mediocrity comparing Islamic jurisprudence and the Saudi system, and also examined how the Saudi legal system deals with this issue. The importance of the topic is evident in clarifying the role of quality and mediocrity and their impact on financial transactions, and the extent to which Islamic jurisprudence and the Saudi legal system concern themselves with this role and impact. It answered questions including: What is the jurisprudential impact of the concepts of quality and mediocrity on financial transactions in Islamic jurisprudence? How does this conform to the Saudi legal system? To what extent are the jurisprudential principles related to quality and mediocrity applied in the current Saudi system? The paper aimed to analyze quality and mediocrity in Islamic jurisprudence, study the impact of quality and mediocrity on financial transactions, and compare the Saudi system with Islamic jurisprudence. The method used in the study varies between induction, analysis and comparison. The paper concluded that quality plays a vital role in Islamic jurisprudence and the Saudi system alike, and contributes to enhancing trust between contracting parties, protecting their rights, and preventing fraud and deception. It recommended consistently making awareness campaigns for individuals and companies about the importance of quality in financial transactions, setting clear and specific criteria that regulate the standard of quality and mediocrity, and adhering to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Praise be to God alone, and prayers and peace be upon the one after whom there is no prophet, and after: In the study “The Rule of Cooperation in Sin and Transgression,” I dealt with a number of important matters, including: the definition of cooperation in sin and aggression from a linguistic and legal perspective. I also mentioned the evidence for prohibiting cooperation in sin and transgression. Sin and transgression, and I explained what the scholars mentioned in this regard, and stated that one of the aims of the research is to determine the controls for preventing cooperation in sin and transgression, and to recall the evidence that the scholars have put forward in this section, as well as knowing the extent of the permissibility of cooperating in sin and transgression with a Muslim and others. Then the research talked about the controls for preventing this cooperation, mentioning the criterion of intention and intention, and what the jurists have regarding that, and other controls, while mentioning examples applied to some financial transactions, while mentioning the words of the scholars in that regard and what each doctrine adhered to, mentioning its evidence and the significance of it. I concluded from this with a number of results, including that the principles of Sharia law prohibit cooperation in sin and transgression, and that the intention of the specific person is considered in the issue of cooperation in sin and transgression in financial and other transactions, and that the majority of jurists do not differentiate between a Muslim and others in this issue. All of this was according to a followed methodology of attributing the verses by mentioning the name of the surah and the number of the verse, and grading the hadiths according to what was the custom, that if the hadith was in the two Sahih books or in one of them, I was satisfied with attributing it to the one who reported it, and if it was outside of them, then I would take it out and then judge it. By God From behind the intention, and He is sufficient for me and He is the best disposer of affairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing wave of protectionism in various corners of the world with the use of seemingly attractive but economically misleading slogans (shortening supply chains, onshoring, reshoring, nearshoring, friend-shoring, reindustrialization, and ending/correcting 'hyperglobalization', etc.) creates a serious challenge to the global trading system and global economic development. Trade and financial transactions have also become victims of the increasing number of geopolitical conflicts and tensions, both 'hot' and 'cold'. Before it becomes too late, i.e., before the current trade tensions go too far and create the hardly reversible spiral of trade and financial wars, retaliations, etc., it is desirable to reflect on what can be lost due to protectionism. This essay analyzes four areas that have benefited from global economic integration since the 1980s (economic growth, poverty eradication, reduction in global economic inequalities, and disinflation) and may suffer from its reversal. It also discusses potential remedies that may help stop a protectionist drift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid advancement of the Internet and digital payments has transformed the landscape of financial transactions, leading to both technological progress and an alarming rise in cybercrime. This study addresses the critical issue of financial fraud detection in the era of digital payments, focusing on enhancing operational risk frameworks to mitigate the increasing threats. The objective is to improve the predictive performance of fraud detection systems using machine learning techniques. The methodology involves a comprehensive data preprocessing and model creation process, including one‐hot encoding, feature selection, sampling, standardization, and tokenization. Six machine learning models are employed for fraud detection, and their hyperparameters are optimized. Evaluation metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1‐score are used to assess model performance. Results reveal that XGBoost and Random Forest outperform other models, achieving a balance between false positives and false negatives. The study meets the requirements for fraud detection systems, ensuring accuracy, scalability, adaptability, and explainability. This paper provides valuable insights into the efficacy of machine learning models for financial fraud detection and emphasizes the importance of striking a balance between false positives and false negatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The internet has been instrumental in the development and facilitation of online payment systems. However, its associated fraudulent activities on eplatforms cannot be overlooked. As a result, there has been a growing interest in the application of machine learning (ML) algorithms for fraud detection on financial e-platforms. The goal of this research is to identify common types of fraud on financial e-platform, highlight different machine learning algorithms employed in fraud detection, and derive the best machine learning algorithms for fraud detection on e-platforms. To achieve this goal, the research followed a nine steps systematic review approach to retrieve Journals and conference publications from science direct, Google Scholar and IEEE Xplore between 2018 and 2023. Out of 2,071 articles identified and screened, 44 publications (23 articles and 21 conference proceedings) satisfied the inclusion criteria for further analysis. The random forest algorithm turned out to be the best ML algorithm because it ranked first in the frequency of usage analysis and ranked first in the performance analysis with an average accuracy of 96.67%. Overall, this review has identified the kinds of fraud on financial e-platforms, and proclaimed the best and least ML algorithm for fraud detection on financial e-platform. This can help guide future research and inform the development of more effective fraud detection systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of University of Sharjah Journal of Sharia & Islamic Studies (JSIS) is the property of University of Sharjah - Scientific Publishing Unit and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scientific Journal of King Faisal University, Humanities & Management Sciences is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of the Fiqh topics that are raised in the scientific community from time to time is the topic of fabricating between Fiqh doctrines, there are those who exaggerate the Prohibition of fabricating at all and reject it on its basis and claim consensus to prevent it, there are those who open the door of fabricating wide with no control to control it, and there are those who mediate between the two teams and accept the fabrication but with controls and restrictions. This research sheds light on the topic of concocting Fiqh doctrines and its impact on financial transactions contracts, specifically in the Sharia standards issued by the accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic financial institutions (AAOIFI), as the importance of this topic comes from two aspects, the first is related to the fact of concocting Fiqh doctrines, and the correct Sharia position on it, and the second aspect is related to the Sharia standards that have become a major reference for Islamic financial institutions, such as Islamic banks, Islamic insurance companies, etc. The first is entitled: The concept of fabricating Fiqh doctrines and its relationship with tradition and tracking licenses, the second is entitled: The sayings of Jurists in fabricating Fiqh doctrines, and the third is entitled: Fabricating in Sharia standards and its impact on them, then concluding with the most important findings and recommendations, the research concluded with the statement of the fact of fabrication and the Sharia position and his lack of legality [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in smart homes facilitates and the increase of financial transactions like reordering groceries by a smart refrigerator but also introduces significant cybersecurity risks. This paper examines the inherent vulnerabilities of IoT devices, including weak authentication, rare software updates, and susceptibility to malware. These vulnerabilities can expose smart homes to unauthorized access, leading to unauthorized money transfers and identity theft. Additionally, as the IoT ecosystem is interconnected, the risk increases, as a compromised device becomes an entry point for a broader network breach. The lack of standardized security protocols and regulatory frameworks further exacerbates this challenge. Therefore, addressing these risks requires collaboration among manufacturers, regulatory authorities, and users to establish robust security standards. In this way, the security of financial transactions using smart homes can be enhanced, and potential threats can be mitigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insiders are known to trade when they believe their companies are undervalued and when they have access to confidential information regarding future cash flows. This paper investigates the impact of idiosyncratic risk on cash holdings using a dataset of Chinese-listed firms from 2008 to 2020; our empirical results reveal that cash holdings are positively correlated with idiosyncratic risk, and the mediation effect of investment is proved. We further investigate whether insiders at firms with high idiosyncratic risk (associated with financial irregularities and greater private information in prices) receive larger returns on their trades than insiders at companies with lower idiosyncratic risk based on these findings. We show that idiosyncratic risk enhances the profitability of corporate transactions (insider purchases and sales, as well as share repurchases). Corporate transactions are contrarian, and the magnitudes of returns before and after trades grow as idiosyncratic risk increases. In this study, we conduct empirical analysis in two parts. In the first phase, we look at how the level of discretionary idiosyncratic risk affects enterprises' cash holding strategy. In the second phase, we investigate the consequences for business investments of the link between discretionary idiosyncratic risk and cash holdings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to analyze the influence of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) infrastructure on the volume of card-based non-cash financial transactions in Indonesia from 2019 to 2021. This is a quantitative study. Data analysis in this research employs multiple regression with a fixed-effect model. The study utilizes panel data of longitudinal type, consisting of data on Base Transceiver Stations (BTS), Villages/Subdistricts Served by Internet, Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs), ATM/debit cards and credit cards, and non-cash financial transaction volume based on cards across 33 provinces in Indonesia as cross-sectional data, spanning a period of three (3) years from 2019 to 2021 as time-series data. Secondary data for this research were obtained from the Bank of Indonesia, the Central Bureau of Statistics, and the Financial Services Authority. Base Transceiver Station (BTS), Villages/Kelurahan Served by Internet, Automated Teller Machines (ATM), ATM/Debit Cards, and Credit Cards simultaneously have a significant influence on the volume of card-based non-cash finance. Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), ATM/debit cards, and credit cards have a significant influence on the volume of card-based noncash financial transactions. The research findings are that although ATM and card services significantly increase transaction volume, BTS and internet services in villages/districts do not show a significant impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digitalization has brought a revolutionary change in every walk of human life, giving the average person many digital options for payment and settlement. Information communication technology enabled the transformation of our banking system from paper to virtual mode, facilitating speedy and secure fund transfers. Post-demonetization (8 November 2016), the cashless economy got a boost, and about 98% of transactions have become cashless. A cashless policy empowers industries, leading to an increase in employment opportunities and reducing cash-oriented fraud. The Reserve Bank of India- Digital Payments Index was recorded at 349.30 as of March 2022 against 304.06 for September 2021, indicating significant growth, rapid adoption and deepening of digital payment across the nation. During the financial year 2021–22, digital transactions surged to 7195 crores, with the value increasing to Rs 17.44 billion. There is a strong need to make policies for protection against cyberattacks, encourage digital literacy, and ensure adequate rural penetration of internet connectivity and banking infrastructure, with awareness among rural masses to strengthen organized indigenous markets. This article provides an insight into the cashless economy and the impact of digital innovation on India’s financial system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence is transforming many areas of activity, including completely transforming banks. Artificial intelligence offers solutions to improve the rationality of decisions, the speed and accuracy of information processing, the provision of ready–made solutions and the implementation of monitoring operations. This article examines the evolution of artificial intelligence in the banking sector. The key areas of AI use in the financial market are highlighted, such as scoring and underwriting, anti–fraud, investment portfolio management, robo–consulting, monitoring client requests and others.The subject of the research in the article is the system of relations arising during the transformation of the banking sector with the introduction of artificial intelligence.

Banks are the backbone of the economy and its main engine; Because it preserves money and facilitates its circulation, and the transfer process is one of the usual services that no country is free of, and it is a process that provides a service to people at home and abroad, and the banking process is a form of financial transactions, authentic and contemporary, and given its reality and the benefits and advantages it provides, it turns out that it Consistent with the spirit of Islamic law. The research adopted inductive methodology. This research will study the nature of the bank transfer, its legitimacy and its divisions, then the jurisprudential adaptation of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of REMAH Journal is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jerash Journal for Research & Studies is the property of Jerash University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research examines the applications of the Prophetic tradition (Sunnah) in financial transactions and aims to analyze and evaluate the implementation of the Prophetic tradition in financial transactions by studying the Prophetic evidence and its legal interpretations, elucidating how Muslims should conduct themselves responsibly and correctly in the field of financial and economic matters in accordance with the Prophetic tradition. The significance of this research lies in providing a legal guideline for Islamic financial institutions and individuals to execute their transactions in a manner that aligns with the Prophetic tradition. Utilizing a descriptive and analytical approach grounded in Prophetic Hadiths, recognized Islamic texts, and jurisprudential sources, a diverse range of financial transactions were studied. The results indicate that financial exchange between banks can be permissible if conducted without interest and adhering to Shariah regulations. The Mudarabah contract is also considered permissible and feasible in financial transactions, provided it complies with Shariah regulations. However, trading in commercial papers involving interest is considered impermissible. In addition, bank deposits and current accounts are considered Shariah-compliant when adhering to Shariah regulations. Covered documentary credits are considered permissible, contingent on adherence to appropriate Shariah conditions. Furthermore, the Salam contract is emphasized as a legitimate means of financing seasonal agricultural production. Lastly, it is stressed that penalty clauses in non-debt financial contracts are permissible for compensating damages, provided they are not tied to usurious interest. These findings provide valuable insights into how financial and banking transactions can be organized in accordance with the Prophetic tradition and Islamic values, contributing to enhancing compliance with Shariah regulations in the financial and banking sector and promoting trust and transparency in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The legal certainty of the legislative acts in force in the Russian Federation concerning the organizational and legal basis for countering the funds laundering of criminal origin and clear regulation of the financial monitoring procedure, as well as the interaction of authorities are fundamental elements for the purpose of financial control. At the same time, countering the money laundering is a global aspect that directly affects both society and the economic system of most economically developed countries. The study analyzes the main activities of Russia Bank, aimed at ensuring the sustainability of information security in the financial sector of the economy, as well as ongoing activities aimed at limiting the spread of cybercrime based on an automated incident handling system. In order to solve strategic tasks in the financial security field of market entities, practical recommendations are proposed to improve the mechanism of countering to cyber crimes on the basis of financial monitoring of acquiring operations and corporate bank cards.

The purpose of the article. Based on the analysis of current legislation, professional literature and taking into account world experience to characterize the general and problematic issues of legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime in Ukraine and suggest ways to solve them to minimize the latency of legalization of criminal proceeds. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study is composed of general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge of socio-legal phenomena and processes. In particular, these are such methods as: historical-legal, dialectical, formal-logical, system-structural, statistical, etc. The scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the publication is that for the first time the status and results of Ukraine’s participation in intergovernmental bodies aimed at developing standards and promoting the effective application of legislative, regulatory and operational measures in the fight against money laundering, as well as official statistics for recent years legalization by law enforcement and general state financial control bodies. In addition, the interpretation of the concept of «legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime» has been further developed. Conclusions. Money laundering is a complex economic and legal phenomenon that has no borders. The use of international experience of state mechanisms to prevent25362 and combat legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime will allow to formulate a set of effective national levers of state regulatory influence to combat this type of crime. It is also necessary to develop a procedure for interaction and coordination of subjects of counteraction to legalization (laundering) of proceeds from crime, to increase the ability of the financial system of Ukraine, in particular, and public administration in general to resist money laundering.

The accelerated development of information technologies has fundamentally changed and improved the functioning of the global financial system, financial markets and economic exchange. Digitization of the financial sector has generated new financial opportunities, improved the quality of financial services, enabled faster and cheaper financial transactions. The challenges accompanying the digital transformation of finances are related to the regulation and security of using new digital products, the possible abuse of digital money transfers, as well as the emergence of technology-based decentralized finances, which may be a factor of factor of financial instability in direct copmpetition with the traditional financial sectors. This paper discusses the current digital transformation in traditional financial systems and decentralized digital finance (DeFi) as an emerging technology enabling decentralized exchange of new forms of digital money and payment instruments. The products and services of different DeFi platforms are constantly evolving and may become part of open decentralized finance, i.e. they can function as a single financial platform. Open Finance would enable the standardization of data exchange and interoperability of different DeFi systems, but there is still a fact that DeFi systems emerged as independent systems that are not part of a common conceptual framework. The term Open Finance refers to the future open financial system, as a continuation of the development initiated by open banking, with the aim of making financial resources of clients more accessible in a wider range of services and platforms. The Open Finance concept is also being developed within the traditional financial sector. The key condition for the development of open finance is user trust and "the creation of a wider single data market" (European Union, 2022: 5). The planned concept of open finance includes: a wider choice for customers through access to a more customized and personalized range of services and products; improving access to and use of financial services in all business segments; in line with data protection rules, providing consumers and businesses with greater transparency about how their data is used; facilitating data interoperability in open finance; embedding an open finance approach to client-centred services in a general cross-sectoral framework (European Union, 2022: 6). Adequate regulation of traditional finance and decentralized digital finance is the basis of financial and economic stability. Central banks and regulatory authorities should integrate digital innovations in complex and dynamic decentralized financial sectors in order to monitor transactions, preserve financial stability and prevent money laundering. One part this paper focuses on virtual currencies. From the viewpoint of central banks, virtual currencies are not money in the true sense of the word, for a number of reasons: they are not regulated by laws (as they have their own rules and payment systems); they do not fully perform all the functions of money; they are not a generally accepted means of exchange and payment; they currently have a limited number of users; etc. Yet, we cannot ignore their likely expansion in the future, nor the fact that a significant amount of money is invested in virtual currencies.

The object of the research is the financial transactions that are subject to financial monitoring. Today, financial monitoring is an integral part of the activities of Ukrainian banks, especially during the period of martial law, since it is through banks that the process of laundering proceeds from crime most often occurs. The article discusses the peculiarities of analyzing financial transactions subject to financial monitoring in wartime. In particular, the author outlines the trends in the banking system. Given the current challenges, in par- ticular, martial law in Ukraine, the author analyzes the dynamics of submission by banks of reports on financial transactions subject to financial monitoring, including in terms of financial monitoring features, and investigates the factors that affect their number. A forecast of the volume of reports is made. The author analyzes the recom- mendations of the State Financial Monitoring Service of Ukraine (SFMS), which contribute to the improvement of customer service processes in banks in order to counteract money laundering and terrorist financing. The authors also provide the main tools used for money laundering, terrorist financing, etc. during the war. The author describes the impact of money laundering and terrorist financing on the financial security of the state. The military aggression of the russian federation against Ukraine has had a significant impact on money laun- dering, terrorist financing, and the financing of the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Due to untimely/ non-operational or inefficient/poor quality analysis and appropriate response of banks to financial transactions that are subject to financial monitoring, this direction in the activities of banks requires special attention. In the current situation, there are new challenges and threats that have signs of criminal acts and fraud: - financing of war and terrorism/separatism; laundering the proceeds of corruption ; - embezzlement of budget funds and funds of state enterprises; - laundering of proceeds from crimes related to fraudulent acquisition of funds of citizens and legal entities by deception, including under the guise of assistance to the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The authors propose to improve the legislative and regulatory acts in the field of financial monitoring and to introduce penalties for bank employees for improper performance of their duties at the legislative level. The authors also focus on the proper automation of processes in banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Research background: Endogenous money creation is an inherent feature of today's economies and widely accepted phenomenon. As the various theories of money rely on the money quantity equation, most empirical research is heading towards the analysis of the two-way relationship between the quantity of money and nominal GDP. In today's world, with the extraordinary development of the financial sector, money is used not only for transactions in the real economy, but increasingly also for purchasing financial assets. This observation was absorbed by Werner in the quantity theory of disaggregated credit. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to join the debate on endogenous character of money supply by tasting a disaggregated equation of money. It assumes that the domestic money supply is positively determined not only by growth in GDP-based transactions but also by growth in non-GDP-based transactions (financial transactions). Additionally, it is assumed that in the age of globalization it can be also positively influenced by the global liquidity. Methods: Testing of the above-mentioned hypotheses takes place with the use of panel unit roots tests, panel Granger causality test and panel estimations (OLS, models with fixed/random effects, GMM). In the study, annual data from 2002 to 2018 for OECD countries were chosen for statistical research. Findings & value added: The article confirms the hypothesis that real and financial economic activity together with global liquidity positively influence domestic credit and thus money supply. As the amount of money in an economy is driven not only by the real economy but also by the financial economy, prudential regulations that restrict leverage (and thus control the amount of credit) and limit risk-taking during price bubbles periods should be therefore considered. In the research, the reaction of domestic money supply to the changes in US money supply is positive. It confirms the importance of spill-over effect of expansionary policy in major economies to other economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The integration between Islamic social finance and financial inclusion represents the most accurate form of the development of the contemporary Islamic economy, and it works to achieve the two objectives of building the earth, the prosperity and development of money, reducing poverty and unemployment, achieving economic empowerment and sustainable development, self-sufficiency and achieving prosperity and economic well-being. The importance of this integration is due to: achieving the meaning of slavery in its integrated sense, achieving the objectives of the royal states, achieving social empowerment, which is a path to political empowerment, and contributing to the promotion of Islamic banking activity.. Among the means that support it: providing infrastructure, enacting regulatory and supervisory laws, and spreading financial culture. Banking awareness in society, providing services based on the use of digital financial technologies, and seeking the assistance of social experts to know the needs of each environment.

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The popularity of money is its circulation in the hands of more people who are rightly able, and its manifestations are: God’s praise of trade, the legislation of exchange contracts and donations, the encouragement to lend, the obligation of zakat, the prohibition of hoarding, the prohibition of contracts contrary to popularity, the prohibition of men from displaying cash, and pricing when necessary. And the effect of activating the goal of popularity in reality: realizing the secrets of legislation, litigating with it, reducing financial crises, and developing the Islamic economy. And the means of establishing it in reality: Scientific: the specialized integration of the researcher, and the implementation of exceptional jurisprudence. Legal: providing a legal environment, expanding its area, mitigating customs procedures and tax obligations, and field: multiplying, developing, diversifying contracts, and marketing them, facilitating them, and circulating them. Moral: Education for altruism, and the elimination of greed.