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2. Evaluating expert‐based habitat suitability information of terrestrial mammals with GPS‐tracking data

Author

Broekman, Maarten JE, Hilbers, Jelle P, Huijbregts, Mark AJ, Mueller, Thomas, Ali, Abdullahi H, Andrén, Henrik, Altmann, Jeanne, Aronsson, Malin, Attias, Nina, Bartlam‐Brooks, Hattie LA, Beest, Floris M, Belant, Jerrold L, Beyer, Dean E, Bidner, Laura, Blaum, Niels, Boone, Randall B, Boyce, Mark S, Brown, Michael B, Cagnacci, Francesca, Černe, Rok, Chamaillé‐Jammes, Simon, Dejid, Nandintsetseg, Dekker, Jasja, Desbiez, Arnaud LJ, Díaz‐Muñoz, Samuel L, Fennessy, Julian, Fichtel, Claudia, Fischer, Christina, Fisher, Jason T, Fischhoff, Ilya, Ford, Adam T, Fryxell, John M, Gehr, Benedikt, Goheen, Jacob R, Hauptfleisch, Morgan, Hewison, AJ Mark, Hering, Robert, Heurich, Marco, Isbell, Lynne A, Janssen, René, Jeltsch, Florian, Kaczensky, Petra, Kappeler, Peter M, Krofel, Miha, LaPoint, Scott, Latham, A David M, Linnell, John DC, Markham, A Catherine, Mattisson, Jenny, Medici, Emilia Patricia, Mourão, Guilherme Miranda, Van Moorter, Bram, Morato, Ronaldo G, Morellet, Nicolas, Mysterud, Atle, Mwiu, Stephen, Odden, John, Olson, Kirk A, Ornicāns, Aivars, Pagon, Nives, Panzacchi, Manuela, Persson, Jens, Petroelje, Tyler, Rolandsen, Christer Moe, Roshier, David, Rubenstein, Daniel I, Saïd, Sonia, Salemgareyev, Albert R, Sawyer, Hall, Schmidt, Niels Martin, Selva, Nuria, Sergiel, Agnieszka, Stabach, Jared, Stacy‐Dawes, Jenna, Stewart, Frances EC, Stiegler, Jonas, Strand, Olav, Sundaresan, Siva, Svoboda, Nathan J, Ullmann, Wiebke, Voigt, Ulrich, Wall, Jake, Wikelski, Martin, Wilmers, Christopher C, Zięba, Filip, Zwijacz‐Kozica, Tomasz, Schipper, Aafke M, and Tucker, Marlee A

Subjects
Climate Action, expert opinion, GPS, habitat suitability, habitat type, habitat use, IUCN, mammals, movement, selection ratio, telemetry, Ecology
Abstract

AimMacroecological studies that require habitat suitability data for many species often derive this information from expert opinion. However, expert-based information is inherently subjective and thus prone to errors. The increasing availability of GPS tracking data offers opportunities to evaluate and supplement expert-based information with detailed empirical evidence. Here, we compared expert-based habitat suitability information from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) with habitat suitability information derived from GPS-tracking data of 1,498 individuals from 49 mammal species.LocationWorldwide.Time period1998-2021.Major taxa studiedForty-nine terrestrial mammal species.MethodsUsing GPS data, we estimated two measures of habitat suitability for each individual animal: proportional habitat use (proportion of GPS locations within a habitat type), and selection ratio (habitat use relative to its availability). For each individual we then evaluated whether the GPS-based habitat suitability measures were in agreement with the IUCN data. To that end, we calculated the probability that the ranking of empirical habitat suitability measures was in agreement with IUCN's classification into suitable, marginal and unsuitable habitat types.ResultsIUCN habitat suitability data were in accordance with the GPS data (> 95% probability of agreement) for 33 out of 49 species based on proportional habitat use estimates and for 25 out of 49 species based on selection ratios. In addition, 37 and 34 species had a > 50% probability of agreement based on proportional habitat use and selection ratios, respectively.Main conclusionsWe show how GPS-tracking data can be used to evaluate IUCN habitat suitability data. Our findings indicate that for the majority of species included in this study, it is appropriate to use IUCN habitat suitability data in macroecological studies. Furthermore, we show that GPS-tracking data can be used to identify and prioritize species and habitat types for re-evaluation of IUCN habitat suitability data.

Published
2022

5. A multicenter analytical performance evaluation of a multiplexed immunoarray for the simultaneous measurement of biomarkers of micronutrient deficiency, inflammation and malarial antigenemia

Author

Brindle, Eleanor, Lillis, Lorraine, Barney, Rebecca, Bansil, Pooja, Hess, Sonja Y, Wessells, K Ryan, Ouédraogo, Césaire T, Arredondo, Francisco, Barker, Mikaela K, Craft, Neal E, Fischer, Christina, Graham, James L, Havel, Peter J, Karakochuk, Crystal D, Zhang, Mindy, Mussai, Ei-Xia, Mapango, Carine, Randolph, Jody M, Wander, Katherine, Pfeiffer, Christine M, Murphy, Eileen, and Boyle, David S

Subjects
Clinical Research, Good Health and Well Being, C-Reactive Protein, Ferritins, Immunoassay, Inflammation, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Proteins, Software, General Science & Technology
Abstract

A lack of comparative data across laboratories is often a barrier to the uptake and adoption of new technologies. Furthermore, data generated by different immunoassay methods may be incomparable due to a lack of harmonization. In this multicenter study, we describe validation experiments conducted in a single lab and cross-lab comparisons of assay results to assess the performance characteristics of the Q-plex™ 7-plex Human Micronutrient Array (7-plex), an immunoassay that simultaneously quantifies seven biomarkers associated with micronutrient (MN) deficiencies, inflammation and malarial antigenemia using plasma or serum; alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, C-reactive protein, ferritin, histidine-rich protein 2, retinol binding protein 4, soluble transferrin receptor, and thyroglobulin. Validations included repeated testing (n = 20 separately prepared experiments on 10 assay plates) in a single lab to assess precision and linearity. Seven independent laboratories tested 76 identical heparin plasma samples collected from a cohort of pregnant women in Niger using the same 7-plex assay to assess differences in results across laboratories. In the analytical validation experiments, intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were acceptable at

Published
2021

6. Effects of body size on estimation of mammalian area requirements

Author

Noonan, Michael J, Fleming, Christen H, Tucker, Marlee A, Kays, Roland, Harrison, Autumn‐Lynn, Crofoot, Margaret C, Abrahms, Briana, Alberts, Susan C, Ali, Abdullahi H, Altmann, Jeanne, Antunes, Pamela Castro, Attias, Nina, Belant, Jerrold L, Beyer, Dean E, Bidner, Laura R, Blaum, Niels, Boone, Randall B, Caillaud, Damien, Paula, Rogerio Cunha, la Torre, J Antonio, Dekker, Jasja, DePerno, Christopher S, Farhadinia, Mohammad, Fennessy, Julian, Fichtel, Claudia, Fischer, Christina, Ford, Adam, Goheen, Jacob R, Havmøller, Rasmus W, Hirsch, Ben T, Hurtado, Cindy, Isbell, Lynne A, Janssen, René, Jeltsch, Florian, Kaczensky, Petra, Kaneko, Yayoi, Kappeler, Peter, Katna, Anjan, Kauffman, Matthew, Koch, Flavia, Kulkarni, Abhijeet, LaPoint, Scott, Leimgruber, Peter, Macdonald, David W, Markham, A Catherine, McMahon, Laura, Mertes, Katherine, Moorman, Christopher E, Morato, Ronaldo G, Moßbrucker, Alexander M, Mourão, Guilherme, O'Connor, David, Oliveira‐Santos, Luiz Gustavo R, Pastorini, Jennifer, Patterson, Bruce D, Rachlow, Janet, Ranglack, Dustin H, Reid, Neil, Scantlebury, David M, Scott, Dawn M, Selva, Nuria, Sergiel, Agnieszka, Songer, Melissa, Songsasen, Nucharin, Stabach, Jared A, Stacy‐Dawes, Jenna, Swingen, Morgan B, Thompson, Jeffrey J, Ullmann, Wiebke, Vanak, Abi Tamim, Thaker, Maria, Wilson, John W, Yamazaki, Koji, Yarnell, Richard W, Zieba, Filip, Zwijacz‐Kozica, Tomasz, Fagan, William F, Mueller, Thomas, and Calabrese, Justin M

Subjects
Generic health relevance, Life on Land, Animals, Body Size, Conservation of Natural Resources, Endangered Species, Homing Behavior, Humans, Mammals, allometry, animal movement, area-based conservation, autocorrelation, home range, kernel density estimation, reserve design, scaling, alometría, autocorrelación, conservación basada en áreas, diseño de reserva, distribución local, escalamiento, estimación de densidad del núcleo, movimiento de mamíferos, 保护区设计, 动物移动, 区域保护, 家域, 异速增长, 标度, 核密度估计, 自相关, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Ecology
Abstract

Accurately quantifying species' area requirements is a prerequisite for effective area-based conservation. This typically involves collecting tracking data on species of interest and then conducting home-range analyses. Problematically, autocorrelation in tracking data can result in space needs being severely underestimated. Based on the previous work, we hypothesized the magnitude of underestimation varies with body mass, a relationship that could have serious conservation implications. To evaluate this hypothesis for terrestrial mammals, we estimated home-range areas with global positioning system (GPS) locations from 757 individuals across 61 globally distributed mammalian species with body masses ranging from 0.4 to 4000 kg. We then applied block cross-validation to quantify bias in empirical home-range estimates. Area requirements of mammals 1, meaning the scaling of the relationship changed substantially at the upper end of the mass spectrum.

Published
2020

14. A comprehensive analysis of autocorrelation and bias in home range estimation

Author

Noonan, Michael J., Tucker, Marlee A., Fleming, Christen H., Akre, Thomas S., Alberts, Susan C., Ali, Abdullahi H., Altmann, Jeanne, Antunes, Pamela Castro, Belant, Jerrold L., Beyer, Dean, Blaum, Niels, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Cullen, Laury, de Paula, Rogerio Cunha, Dekker, Jasja, Drescher-Lehman, Jonathan, Farwig, Nina, Fichtel, Claudia, Fischer, Christina, Ford, Adam T., Goheen, Jacob R., Janssen, René, Jeltsch, Florian, Kauffman, Matthew, Kappeler, Peter M., Koch, Flávia, LaPoint, Scott, Markham, A. Catherine, Medici, Emilia Patricia, Morato, Ronaldo G., Nathan, Ran, Oliveira-Santos, Luiz Gustavo R., Olson, Kirk A., Patterson, Bruce D., Paviolo, Agustin, Ramalho, Emiliano Esterci, Rösner, Sascha, Schabo, Dana G., Selva, Nuria, Sergiel, Agnieszka, da Silva, Marina Xavier, Spiegel, Orr, Thompson, Peter, Ullmann, Wiebke, Zięba, Filip, Zwijacz-Kozica, Tomasz, Fagan, William F., Mueller, Thomas, and Calabrese, Justin M.

Published
2019

18. Moving in the Anthropocene : Global reductions in terrestrial mammalian movements

Author

Tucker, Marlee A., Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Fagan, William F., Fryxell, John M., Van Moorter, Bram, Alberts, Susan C., Ali, Abdullahi H., Allen, Andrew M., Attias, Nina, Avgar, Tal, Bartlam-Brooks, Hattie, Bayarbaatar, Buuveibaatar, Belant, Jerrold L., Bertassoni, Alessandra, Beyer, Dean, Bidner, Laura, van Beest, Floris M., Blake, Stephen, Blaum, Niels, Bracis, Chloe, Brown, Danielle, de Bruyn, P. J. Nico, Cagnacci, Francesca, Calabrese, Justin M., Camilo-Alves, Constança, Chamaillé-Jammes, Simon, Chiaradia, Andre, Davidson, Sarah C., Dennis, Todd, DeStefano, Stephen, Diefenbach, Duane, Douglas-Hamilton, Iain, Fennessy, Julian, Fichtel, Claudia, Fiedler, Wolfgang, Fischer, Christina, Fischhoff, Ilya, Fleming, Christen H., Ford, Adam T., Fritz, Susanne A., Gehr, Benedikt, Goheen, Jacob R., Gurarie, Eliezer, Hebblewhite, Mark, Heurich, Marco, Hewison, A. J. Mark, Hof, Christian, Hurme, Edward, Isbell, Lynne A., Janssen, René, Jeltsch, Florian, Kaczensky, Petra, Kane, Adam, Kappeler, Peter M., Kauffman, Matthew, Kays, Roland, Kimuyu, Duncan, Koch, Flavia, Kranstauber, Bart, LaPoint, Scott, Leimgruber, Peter, Linnell, John D. C., López-López, Pascual, Markham, A. Catherine, Mattisson, Jenny, Medici, Emilia Patricia, Mellone, Ugo, Merrill, Evelyn, de Miranda Mourão, Guilherme, Morato, Ronaldo G., Morellet, Nicolas, Morrison, Thomas A., Díaz-Muñoz, Samuel L., Mysterud, Atle, Nandintsetseg, Dejid, Nathan, Ran, Niamir, Aidin, Odden, John, O’Hara, Robert B., Oliveira-Santos, Luiz Gustavo R., Olson, Kirk A., Patterson, Bruce D., de Paula, Rogerio Cunha, Pedrotti, Luca, Reineking, Björn, Rimmler, Martin, Rogers, Tracey L., Rolandsen, Christer Moe, Rosenberry, Christopher S., Rubenstein, Daniel I., Safi, Kamran, Saïd, Sonia, Sapir, Nir, Sawyer, Hall, Schmidt, Niels Martin, Selva, Nuria, Sergiel, Agnieszka, Shiilegdamba, Enkhtuvshin, Silva, João Paulo, Singh, Navinder, Solberg, Erling J., Spiegel, Orr, Strand, Olav, Sundaresan, Siva, Ullmann, Wiebke, Voigt, Ulrich, Wall, Jake, Wattles, David, Wikelski, Martin, Wilmers, Christopher C., Wilson, John W., Wittemyer, George, Zięba, Filip, Zwijacz-Kozica, Tomasz, and Mueller, Thomas

Published
2018

22. Ecosystem functions of rare arable plants

Author

Albrecht, Harald (Priv.-Doz. Dr.), Albrecht, Harald (Priv.-Doz. Dr.);Fischer, Christina (Prof. Dr.);Schäfer, Hanno (Prof. Dr.), Twerski, Alina, Albrecht, Harald (Priv.-Doz. Dr.), Albrecht, Harald (Priv.-Doz. Dr.);Fischer, Christina (Prof. Dr.);Schäfer, Hanno (Prof. Dr.), and Twerski, Alina

Abstract

Rare arable plants are especially affected by agricultural intensification. Better understanding of their ecosystem functions could prove their nature conservation value and provide basis for biodiversity management recommendations in agroecosystems. We analysed the effects of rare arable plants on following ecosystem functions: their contribution to phytodiversity, their impact on soil fertility, on productivity, on flower-visiting wild bees and biocontrol. This study provides opportunities for both conservation of rare arable plants and improvement of agroecosystem functioning., Seltene Ackerwildkräuter sind von der Intensivierung der Landwirtschaft besonders stark betroffen. Wissen um ihre Ökosystemfunktionen könnte ihren Wert für den Naturschutz belegen und Empfehlungen für das Biodiversitätsmanagement in Agrarökosystemen liefern. In dieser Studie wurde der Einfluss seltener Ackerwildkräuter auf folgende Ökosystemfunktionen analysiert: ihr Beitrag zur Phytodiversität, ihre Auswirkungen auf die Bodenfruchtbarkeit, die Produktivität, auf blütenbesuchende Wildbienen und auf die biologische Schädlingsregulierung. Diese Studie bietet Erkenntnisse sowohl über den Erhalt seltener Ackerwildkräuter, als auch für die Verbesserung der Ökosystemfunktionen von Agrarökosystemen.

Published
2023

32. Harnessing the biodiversity value of Central and Eastern European farmland

Author

Sutcliffe, Laura M. E., Batáry, Péter, Kormann, Urs, Báldi, András, Dicks, Lynn V., Herzon, Irina, Kleijn, David, Tryjanowski, Piotr, Apostolova, Iva, Arlettaz, Raphaël, Aunins, Ainars, Aviron, Stéphanie, Baležentienė, Ligita, Fischer, Christina, Halada, Lubos, Hartel, Tibor, Helm, Aveliina, Hristov, Iordan, Jelaska, Sven D., Kaligarič, Mitja, Kamp, Johannes, Klimek, Sebastian, Koorberg, Pille, Kostiuková, Jarmila, Kovács-Hostyánszki, Anikó, Kuemmerle, Tobias, Leuschner, Christoph, Lindborg, Regina, Loos, Jacqueline, Maccherini, Simona, Marja, Riho, Máthé, Orsolya, Paulini, Inge, Proença, Vânia, Rey-Benayas, José, Sans, F. Xavier, Seifert, Charlotte, Stalenga, Jarosław, Timaeus, Johannes, Török, Péter, van Swaay, Chris, Viik, Eneli, and Tscharntke, Teja

Published
2015

35. Clarifying space use concepts in ecology: range vs. occurrence distributions

Author

Alston, Jesse M., primary, Fleming, Christen H., additional, Noonan, Michael J., additional, Tucker, Marlee A., additional, Silva, Inês, additional, Folta, Cody, additional, Akre, Thomas S.B., additional, Ali, Abdullahi H., additional, Belant, Jerrold L., additional, Beyer, Dean, additional, Blaum, Niels, additional, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, additional, de Paula, Rogerio Cunha, additional, Dekker, Jasja, additional, Drescher-Lehman, Jonathan, additional, Farwig, Nina, additional, Fichtel, Claudia, additional, Fischer, Christina, additional, Ford, Adam T., additional, Janssen, René, additional, Jeltsch, Florian, additional, Kappeler, Peter M., additional, LaPoint, Scott D., additional, Markham, A. Catherine, additional, Medici, E. Patricia, additional, Morato, Ronaldo Gonçalves, additional, Nathan, Ran, additional, Olson, Kirk A., additional, Patterson, Bruce D., additional, Petroelje, Tyler R., additional, Ramalho, Emiliano Esterci, additional, Rösner, Sascha, additional, Oliveira Santos, Luiz Gustavo, additional, Schabo, Dana G., additional, Selva, Nuria, additional, Sergiel, Agnieszka, additional, Spiegel, Orr, additional, Ullmann, Wiebke, additional, Zieba, Filip, additional, Zwijacz-Kozica, Tomasz, additional, Wittemyer, George, additional, Fagan, William F., additional, Müller, Thomas, additional, and Calabrese, Justin M., additional

Published
2022
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41. Evaluating expert-based habitat suitability information of terrestrial mammals with GPS-tracking data

Author

Broekman, Maarten J. E., Hilbers, Jelle P., Huijbregts, Mark A. J., Mueller, Thomas, Ali, Abdullahi H., Andrén, Henrik, Altmann, Jeanne, Aronsson, Malin, Attias, Nina, Bartlam-Brooks, Hattie L. A., van Beest, Floris M., Belant, Jerrold L., Beyer, Dean E., Bidner, Laura, Blaum, Niels, Boone, Randall B., Boyce, Mark S., Brown, Michael B., Cagnacci, Francesca, Černe, Rok, Chamaillé-Jammes, Simon, Dejid, Nandintsetseg, Dekker, Jasja, Desbiez, Arnaud L. J., Díaz-Muñoz, Samuel L., Fennessy, Julian, Fichtel, Claudia, Fischer, Christina, Fisher, Jason T., Fischhoff, Ilya, Ford, Adam T., Fryxell, John M., Gehr, Benedikt, Goheen, Jacob R., Hauptfleisch, Morgan, Hewison, A. J. Mark, Hering, Robert, Heurich, Marco, Isbell, Lynne A., Janssen, René, Jeltsch, Florian, Kaczensky, Petra, Kappeler, Peter M., Krofel, Miha, LaPoint, Scott, Latham, A. David M., Linnell, John D. C., Markham, A. Catherine, Mattisson, Jenny, Medici, Emilia Patricia, Mourão, Guilherme de Miranda, Van Moorter, Bram, Morato, Ronaldo G., Morellet, Nicolas, Mysterud, Atle, Mwiu, Stephen, Odden, John, Olson, Kirk A., Ornicāns, Aivars, Pagon, Nives, Panzacchi, Manuela, Persson, Jens, Petroelje, Tyler, Rolandsen, Christer Moe, Roshier, David, Rubenstein, Daniel I., Saïd, Sonia, Salemgareyev, Albert R., Sawyer, Hall, Schmidt, Niels Martin, Selva, Nuria, Sergiel, Agnieszka, Stabach, Jared, Stacy-Dawes, Jenna, Stewart, Frances E. C., Stiegler, Jonas, Strand, Olav, Sundaresan, Siva, Svoboda, Nathan J., Ullmann, Wiebke, Voigt, Ulrich, Wall, Jake, Wikelski, Martin, Wilmers, Christopher C., Zięba, Filip, Zwijacz-Kozica, Tomasz, Schipper, Aafke M., Tucker, Marlee A., Broekman, Maarten J. E., Hilbers, Jelle P., Huijbregts, Mark A. J., Mueller, Thomas, Ali, Abdullahi H., Andrén, Henrik, Altmann, Jeanne, Aronsson, Malin, Attias, Nina, Bartlam-Brooks, Hattie L. A., van Beest, Floris M., Belant, Jerrold L., Beyer, Dean E., Bidner, Laura, Blaum, Niels, Boone, Randall B., Boyce, Mark S., Brown, Michael B., Cagnacci, Francesca, Černe, Rok, Chamaillé-Jammes, Simon, Dejid, Nandintsetseg, Dekker, Jasja, Desbiez, Arnaud L. J., Díaz-Muñoz, Samuel L., Fennessy, Julian, Fichtel, Claudia, Fischer, Christina, Fisher, Jason T., Fischhoff, Ilya, Ford, Adam T., Fryxell, John M., Gehr, Benedikt, Goheen, Jacob R., Hauptfleisch, Morgan, Hewison, A. J. Mark, Hering, Robert, Heurich, Marco, Isbell, Lynne A., Janssen, René, Jeltsch, Florian, Kaczensky, Petra, Kappeler, Peter M., Krofel, Miha, LaPoint, Scott, Latham, A. David M., Linnell, John D. C., Markham, A. Catherine, Mattisson, Jenny, Medici, Emilia Patricia, Mourão, Guilherme de Miranda, Van Moorter, Bram, Morato, Ronaldo G., Morellet, Nicolas, Mysterud, Atle, Mwiu, Stephen, Odden, John, Olson, Kirk A., Ornicāns, Aivars, Pagon, Nives, Panzacchi, Manuela, Persson, Jens, Petroelje, Tyler, Rolandsen, Christer Moe, Roshier, David, Rubenstein, Daniel I., Saïd, Sonia, Salemgareyev, Albert R., Sawyer, Hall, Schmidt, Niels Martin, Selva, Nuria, Sergiel, Agnieszka, Stabach, Jared, Stacy-Dawes, Jenna, Stewart, Frances E. C., Stiegler, Jonas, Strand, Olav, Sundaresan, Siva, Svoboda, Nathan J., Ullmann, Wiebke, Voigt, Ulrich, Wall, Jake, Wikelski, Martin, Wilmers, Christopher C., Zięba, Filip, Zwijacz-Kozica, Tomasz, Schipper, Aafke M., and Tucker, Marlee A.

Abstract

Aim: Macroecological studies that require habitat suitability data for many species often derive this information from expert opinion. However, expert-based information is inherently subjective and thus prone to errors. The increasing availability of GPS tracking data offers opportunities to evaluate and supplement expert-based information with detailed empirical evidence. Here, we compared expert-based habitat suitability information from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) with habitat suitability information derived from GPS-tracking data of 1,498 individuals from 49 mammal species. Location: Worldwide. Time period: 1998-2021. Major taxa studied: Forty-nine terrestrial mammal species. Methods: Using GPS data, we estimated two measures of habitat suitability for each individual animal: proportional habitat use (proportion of GPS locations within a habitat type), and selection ratio (habitat use relative to its availability). For each individual we then evaluated whether the GPS-based habitat suitability measures were in agreement with the IUCN data. To that end, we calculated the probability that the ranking of empirical habitat suitability measures was in agreement with IUCN's classification into suitable, marginal and unsuitable habitat types. Results: IUCN habitat suitability data were in accordance with the GPS data (> 95% probability of agreement) for 33 out of 49 species based on proportional habitat use estimates and for 25 out of 49 species based on selection ratios. In addition, 37 and 34 species had a > 50% probability of agreement based on proportional habitat use and selection ratios, respectively. Main conclusions: We show how GPS-tracking data can be used to evaluate IUCN habitat suitability data. Our findings indicate that for the majority of species included in this study, it is appropriate to use IUCN habitat suitability data in macroecological studies. Furthermore, we show that GPS-tracking data can be used to identify

Published
2022
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42. Populationsökologische Untersuchungen am europäischen Iltis Mustela putorius L.1758 als Grundlage für die Entwicklung eines Bewertungsverfahrens gemäß FFH-Richtlinie der Europäischen Union in Sachsen-Anhalt

Author

Roth, Mechthild, Zahner, Volker, Fischer, Christina, Technische Universität Dresden, Weber, Antje, Roth, Mechthild, Zahner, Volker, Fischer, Christina, Technische Universität Dresden, and Weber, Antje

Abstract

Wie die meisten der heimischen Musteliden unterliegt auch der Waldiltis Mustela putorius zahlreichen anthropogenen Einflüssen in seinem Lebensraum. Ohne eine systematische Arterfassung und Überprüfung möglicher Einflüsse auf die Populationsbiologie ist es unmöglich, fundierte Aussagen zum Erhaltungszustand der Art zu treffen. Dies jedoch ist gemäß der Flora-Fauna-Habitat-Richtlinie der europäischen Kommission (EU-FFH-RL) auch für die Arten des Anhangs V, in dem sich der Iltis befindet, gefordert. Differenzierte Fragestellungen sind zu beantworten und das Vorkommen der Art zu dokumentieren. Gleichzeitig sollen Entwicklungstrends abgeschätzt werden. Die vorliegende Studie hatte zum Ziel, möglichst viele der bisher offenen Fragen zur Ökologie und zum Populationsstatus des Iltisses soweit wie möglich zu beantworten oder zumindest bestehende Hypothesen hinsichtlich ihrer Gültigkeit zu überprüfen. Eine Beantwortung der Fragestellungen – vor allem bezogen auf die EU-FFH-RL - war basierend auf dem existierenden Kenntnisstand und aufgrund fehlender oder unsystematisch erhobener Daten sowie mangelnder Bewertungsansätze nicht hinreichend möglich. Die Gefahr von Fehlabschätzungen zum Vorkommen und zu Beeinträchtigungen wurde offensichtlich. Deshalb wurden für die meisten Themenkomplexe zunächst die Grundlagen erarbeitet. Die Aussagen der Studie beziehen sich im Wesentlichen auf das Bundesland Sachsen-Anhalt. Basis des populationsbiologischen Themenkomplexes bildete die wissenschaftliche Sektion von insgesamt 162 tot aufgefundenen oder erlegten Iltissen aus dem mittel- und norddeutschen Raum. 122 Exemplare davon stammten aus Sachsen-Anhalt. Schwerpunkt der Untersuchungen war die Ermittlung biologischer Grunddaten. Über weiterführende Analysen wurde der Altersklassenaufbau der Stichprobe, die Beteiligung beider Geschlechter an der Reproduktion, ernährungsökologische Aspekte, die Jugendentwicklung, Krankheiten und Parasitenbefall, die Mortalität sowie die Populationsgenetik unters, Like most of the native Mustelidae, the European polecat (Mustela putorius) is also subject to a number of anthropogenic influences. Without the systematic survey of the species and review of potential influences on population biology, it would be impossible to make conclusions on the status of these species. However, according to the Habitats Directive of the European Commission, this is also required for the species listed in Annex V, which includes the European polecat. It is necessary that differentiated questions are to be answered and the occurrence of the species is to be documented. Additional development trends are to be assessed. The aim of the study where to answer as many questions as possible on ecology and population status of the polecat, or at least test hypothesis with their regards to their validity. Based on existing state of knowledge, which have been unsystematically collected or were missing as well a lack of evaluation approaches, it was impossible to answer questions comprehensively, especially regarding the Habitat Directive of the European Commission. Therefore for most thematic complexes the basics have been first worked out. The conclusions of this study refer essentially on the federal state of Saxony-Anhalt. The base of the population biology thematic complex was the dissection of a total number of 162 polecats found dead or hunted from the central and northern Germany. Out of this total number of animals 122 came from Saxony-Anhalt. The focus of the research was to determine basic biological data. The age group, the participation of both sexes in reproduction, nutritional-ecological aspects, juvenile development, diseases and parasite infections, mortality and population genetics were examined via further analyses. Extensive field studies helped document the current occurrence of the species as much as possible and to verify knowledge about habitat requirements. In addition, the actual habitat quality and competitive behaviour in conne

Published
2022

44. The secret life of wild animals revealed by accelerometer data: How landscape diversity and seasonality influence the behavioural types of European hares

Author

ULLMANN, WIEBKE, primary, FISCHER, CHRISTINA, additional, KRAMER-SCHADT, STEPHANIE, additional, PIRHOFER-WALZL, KARIN, additional, ECCARD, JANA A., additional, WEVERS, PHILIPP, additional, HARDERT, ANGELIQUE, additional, SLIWINSKI, KATHARINA, additional, CRAWFORD, MICHAEL S., additional, GLEMNITZ, MICHAEL, additional, and BLAUM, NIELS, additional

Published
2022
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45. Seed traits matter

Author

Stiegler, Jonas, Kiemel, Katrin, Eccard, Jana (Prof. Dr.), Fischer, Christina, Hering, Robert, Ortmann, Sylvia, Strigl, Lea, and Tiedemann, Ralph (Prof. Dr.)

Subjects
ddc:570, food and beverages, ddc:500, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie
Abstract

Although many plants are dispersed by wind and seeds can travel long distances across unsuitable matrix areas, a large proportion relies on co-evolved zoochorous seed dispersal to connect populations in isolated habitat islands. Particularly in agricultural landscapes, where remaining habitat patches are often very small and highly isolated, mobile linkers as zoochorous seed dispersers are critical for the population dynamics of numerous plant species. However, knowledge about the quali- or quantification of such mobile link processes, especially in agricultural landscapes, is still limited. In a controlled feeding experiment, we recorded the seed intake and germination success after complete digestion by the European brown hare (Lepus europaeus) and explored its mobile link potential as an endozoochoric seed disperser. Utilizing a suite of common, rare, and potentially invasive plant species, we disentangled the effects of seed morphological traits on germination success while controlling for phylogenetic relatedness. Further, we measured the landscape connectivity via hares in two contrasting agricultural landscapes (simple: few natural and semi-natural structures, large fields; complex: high amount of natural and semi-natural structures, small fields) using GPS-based movement data. With 34,710 seeds of 44 plant species fed, one of 200 seeds (0.51%) with seedlings of 33 species germinated from feces. Germination after complete digestion was positively related to denser seeds with comparatively small surface area and a relatively slender and elongated shape, suggesting that, for hares, the most critical seed characteristics for successful endozoochorous seed dispersal minimize exposure of the seed to the stomach and the associated digestive system. Furthermore, we could show that a hare's retention time is long enough to interconnect different habitats, especially grasslands and fields. Thus, besides other seed dispersal mechanisms, this most likely allows hares to act as effective mobile linkers contributing to ecosystem stability in times of agricultural intensification, not only in complex but also in simple landscapes.

Published
2022

46. Modulation der angeborenen Immunantwort durch mikrobielle Metaboliten

Author

Fischer, Christina

Subjects
ddc:500, Propionat, Kurzkettige Fettsäuren, anti-viral, Reg3alpha, Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, angeborene Immunantwort, Ifit, Interferon stimulierte Gene, 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie, ddc:570, 500 Naturwissenschaften
Abstract

Zahlreiche Untersuchungen belegen, dass kurzkettige Fettsäuren (SCFA) eine wichtige Rolle sowohl beim Erhalt der Gesundheit als auch bei der Entstehung von Krankheiten spielen. Wir konnten zeigen, dass sich durch die Überexpression des antimikrobiellen Peptids hReg3α in transgenen Mäusen die bakterielle Zusammensetzung von gram-positiven Firmicutes hin zu gram-negativen Verrucomicrobia verändert. Die meisten Spezies aus dem Stamm der Firmicutes sind als Butyrat-Produzenten bekannt, wohingegen zum Beispiel Akkermansia muciniphila aus dem Stamm der Verrucomicrobia zu den Propionat-Produzenten gehört. Die Abnahme des Stammes der Firmicutes und die Zunahme des Stammes der Verrucomicrobia korreliert mit der Abnahme der Butyratkonzentration und der Zunahme der Propionatkonzentration im Kot von hReg3α transgenen Mäusen. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit erfolgte zunächst die Untersuchung der immunmodulatorischen Eigenschaften von Propionat. Hierbei konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine erhöhte Propionat Konzentration, zu einer signifikant erhöhten Induktion der Expression von Interferon Stimulierten Genen (ISG) führt. Wir konnten zeigen, dass in murinen Kolonepithelzellen (CMT-93), humanen Lungenepithelzellen (A549), humanen monozytären Zellen (THP-1), sowie in primären, peripheren Blutmakrophagen (PBM) Propionat und Butyrat die Expression von Mitgliedern der IFIT-Genfamilie induzieren. Unsere Daten zeigen, dass die Induktion von ISG durch Propionat über den Gαq/11 Signalweg des G-Protein gekoppelten Rezeptors FFAR2 in einer IFN Typ I (IFNα) und IFN Typ III (IFN lambda) abhängigen Weise (JAK/STAT-Signalweg) vermittelt werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit konnte gezeigt werden, dass durch die Stimulation mit Propionat oder dem IFNAR2 Agonisten RO8191 eine Kreuztoleranz gegenüber der Stimulierung mit TLR1/2 (Pam3CSK4) und TLR4 (LPS) Agonisten induziert werden konnte. Nach der Restimulation mit LPS oder Pam3CSK4 kam es zu einer signifikanten Reduktion von proinflammatorischen Zytokinen und Chemokinen (z.B. TNF und CXCL2) sowohl in den untersuchten Epithelzelllinien (CMT-93) als auch in der monozytären Zelllinie THP-1 und den primären PBM. A549 Zellen zeigen eine Propionat-induzierte Kreuztoleranz gegenüber der Stimulierung mit LPS. Interessanterweise scheint die durch Propionat induzierte Expression einzelner Mitglieder der IFIT-Genfamilie ausreichend zu sein, die proinflammatorische Zytokinproduktion als Reaktion auf eine nachfolgende PRR-Stimulation zu hemmen. Darüber hinaus zeigen unsere Daten, dass die Propionat-induzierte IFIT-Expression die MHC-Klasse-II Expression nach erfolgter TLR4 Stimulation hemmt, was zeigt, dass Propionat vermittelte Signale eine Toleranz bezüglich der TLR-induzierten MHC-Klasse-II Expression zu induzieren scheint. Zur Bestimmung einer Relevanz dieser Ergebnisse in vivo sind noch weitere Experimente notwendig. Da nicht nur die IFIT-Genfamilie in den Epithelzellen und in den Zellen myeloiden Ursprungs durch Propionat induziert wurde, sondern auch weitere ISG wie ISG15, MX1 oder OASL2, wurde die antivirale Aktivität in diesen Zellen nach Propionat Stimulierung genauer untersucht. Wir konnten in Infektionsexperimenten mit dem VSV*DeltaG(Luc)-Replikon Partikeln zeigen, dass eine Vorstimulation mit Propionat die Infektion und Replikation des VSV*DeltaG(Luc) Replikon in vitro signifikant verringert. Um die erhaltenen Ergebnisse in vivo zu verifizieren und möglicherweise translational weiter zu entwickeln müssen noch weiterführende Untersuchungen durchgeführt werden, um die Bedeutung von Propionat in der antiviralen Immunantwort in vivo genauer zu bestimmen., Numerous studies show that short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) play an important role both in maintaining health and in the development of diseases. We have shown that overexpression of the antimicrobial peptide hReg3α in transgenic mice changes the bacterial composition from Gram-positive Firmicutes to Gram-negative Verrucomicrobia. Most species from the Firmicutes strain are known to be butyrate producers, whereas, for example, Akkermansia muciniphila from the Verrucomicrobia strain is a propionate producer. The decrease in the strain of Firmicutes and the increase in the strain of Verrucomicrobia correlates with the decrease in the butyrate concentration and the increase in the propionate concentration in the faeces of hReg3α transgenic mice. In the present work, the immunomodulatory properties of propionate were first investigated. It could be shown that an increased propionate concentration leads to a significantly increased induction of the expression of interferon stimulated genes (ISG). We could show that in murine colonic epithelial cells (CMT-93), human lung epithelial cells (A549), human monocytic cells (THP-1), as well as in primary peripheral blood macrophages (PBM) propionate and butyrate induce the expression of members of the IFIT gene family. Our data show that the induction of ISG by propionate is mediated via the Gαq/11 signalling pathway of the G-protein coupled receptor FFAR2 in an IFN type I (IFNα) and IFN type III (IFN lambda) dependent manner (JAK/STAT signalling pathway). In the present work, it was shown that stimulation with propionate or the IFNAR2 agonist RO8191 induced cross-tolerance to stimulation with TLR1/2 (Pam3CSK4) and TLR4 (LPS) agonists. After restimulation with LPS or Pam3CSK4, there was a significant reduction of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines (e.g. TNF and CXCL2) in the epithelial cell lines studied (CMT-93) as well as in the monocytic cell line THP-1 and primary PBMs. A549 cells show propionate-induced cross-tolerance to stimulation with LPS. Interestingly, propionate-induced expression of individual members of the IFIT gene family appears to be sufficient to inhibit proinflammatory cytokine production in response to subsequent PRR stimulation. Furthermore, our data show that propionate-induced IFIT expression inhibits MHC class II expression following TLR4 stimulation, indicating that propionate-mediated signalling appears to induce tolerance to TLR-induced MHC class II expression. Further experiments are needed to determine any relevance of these results in vivo. Since not only the IFIT gene family was induced by propionate in epithelial cells and in cells of myeloid origin, but also other ISG such as ISG15, MX1 or OASL2, the antiviral activity in these cells after propionate stimulation was investigated in more detail. We were able to show in infection experiments with the VSV*deltaG(Luc) replicon particles that pre-stimulation with propionate significantly reduces infection and replication of the VSV*deltaG(Luc) replicon in vitro. In order to verify the results obtained in vivo and possibly to develop them translationally, further studies need to be conducted to determine more precisely the role of propionate in the antiviral immune response in vivo.

Published
2022
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50. The VitMin Lab Sandwich-ELISA Assays for Iron and Inflammation Markers Compared Well with Clinical Analyzer Reference-Type Assays in Subsamples of the Nepal National Micronutrient Status Survey

Author

Fischer, Christina M, primary, Zhang, Ming, additional, Sternberg, Maya R, additional, Jefferds, Maria E, additional, Whitehead, Ralph D, additional, Mei, Zuguo, additional, Paudyal, Naveen, additional, Joshi, Nira, additional, Parajuli, Kedar R, additional, Adhikari, Debendra P, additional, LaVoie, Donna J, additional, and Pfeiffer, Christine M, additional

Published
2022
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