20 results on '"FLORIO, TM"'
Search Results
2. A behavioural and MRI structural study of early stage 6-OHDA Parkinson's disease rat model
- Author
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Ranieri, B, Rosa, Ilaria, DI CENSO, Davide, Galante, A, Scarnati, E, Florio TM, T. M., and Alecci, M.
- Published
- 2017
3. Principi di Fisiologia
- Author
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Zocchi, L, D'Aracangelo, G, Florio, Tm, Gussoni, M, Laforenza, U, Maioli, C, Molinari, C, Mutolo, D, Pagliaro, Pasquale, and Tancredi, V.
- Published
- 2012
4. Unilateral deep brain stimulation of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus improves oromotor movements in Parkinson's disease
- Author
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Mazzone, P, Padua, Luca, Falisi, G, Insola, A, Florio, Tm, Scarnati, E., Padua, Luca (ORCID:0000-0003-2570-9326), Mazzone, P, Padua, Luca, Falisi, G, Insola, A, Florio, Tm, Scarnati, E., and Padua, Luca (ORCID:0000-0003-2570-9326)
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Jaw movements are severely affected in Parkinson's disease. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of basal ganglia targets is known to ameliorate oromotor control. In this study, we examined the effects of DBS of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) on jaw movements in selected parkinsonian patients. METHODS: The effects of low-frequency (25 Hz) stimulation of the PPTg on jaw movements were investigated through electrognathographic analysis in parkinsonian patients who were selected for PPTg stimulation. Changes in jaw velocity and amplitude during voluntary opening and closing movements of the mouth, as well as the maximum frequency of self-paced sequences of opening and closing cycles, were analyzed. RESULTS: Low-frequency stimulation of the PPTg in the OFF-drugs condition significantly improved the opening and closing velocities, vertical amplitude and rhythm of voluntary movements. In some instances, movement parameters during stimulation were within the range of those recorded in healthy controls. DISCUSSION: This is the first study investigating the impact of PPTg DBS on oromotor control in parkinsonian patients. The results show that jaw movements may be restored under stimulation and suggest that the pedunculopontine nucleus may play a key role in controlling oromotor activity.
- Published
- 2012
5. DIENCEFALO: TALAMO-IPOTALAMO. TERMOREGOLAZIONE; REGOLAZIONE DI EQUILIBRIO IDRICO, APPORTO ALIMENTARE E CICLO MESTRUALE
- Author
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OLIVERI, Massimiliano, DI GIULIO, C, ESPOSITO, E, FLORIO, TM, FOGASSI, L, OLIVERI, M, PERCIAVALLE, V, and ZOCCOLI, G
- Subjects
Settore M-PSI/02 - Psicobiologia E Psicologia Fisiologica ,SETE ,CERVELLO ,FAME - Published
- 2008
6. CORTECCIA CEREBRALE. SPECIALIZZAZIONE EMISFERICA
- Author
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OLIVERI, Massimiliano, DI GIULIO, C, ESPOSITO, E, FLORIO, TM, FOGASSI, L, OLIVERI, M, PERCIAVALLE, V, and ZOCCOLI, G
- Subjects
Settore M-PSI/02 - Psicobiologia E Psicologia Fisiologica ,CERVELLO ,ASIMMETRIE - Published
- 2008
7. CONNESSIONI INTER-INTRAEMISFERICHE. BASI NEUROFUNZIONALI DELLA PLASTICITA' CEREBRALE
- Author
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OLIVERI, Massimiliano, DI GIULIO, C, ESPOSITO, E, FLORIO, TM, FOGASSI, L, OLIVERI, M, PERCIAVALLE, V, and ZOCCOLI, G
- Subjects
Settore M-PSI/02 - Psicobiologia E Psicologia Fisiologica ,CONNETTIVITA' ,CERVELLO - Published
- 2008
8. CIRCUITI NEUROFUNZIONALI DEL LINGUAGGIO
- Author
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OLIVERI, Massimiliano, DI GIULIO, C, ESPOSITO, E, FLORIO, TM, FOGASSI, L, OLIVERI, M, PERCIAVALLE, V, and ZOCCOLI, G
- Subjects
Settore M-PSI/02 - Psicobiologia E Psicologia Fisiologica ,LINGUAGGIO ,CERVELLO - Published
- 2008
9. Stereotyped, automatized and habitual behaviours: are they similar constructs under the control of the same cerebral areas?
- Author
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Florio TM
- Abstract
Comprehensive knowledge about higher executive functions of motor control has been covered in the last decades. Critical goals have been targeted through many different technological approaches. An abundant flow of new results greatly progressed our ability to respond at better-posited answers to look more than ever at the challenging neural system functioning. Behaviour is the observable result of the invisible, as complex cerebral functioning. Many pathological states are approached after symptomatology categorisation of behavioural impairments is achieved. Motor, non-motor and psychiatric signs are greatly shared by many neurological/psychiatric disorders. Together with the cerebral cortex, the basal ganglia contribute to the expression of behaviour promoting the correct action schemas and the selection of appropriate sub-goals based on the evaluation of action outcomes. The present review focus on the basic classification of higher motor control functioning, taking into account the recent advances in basal ganglia structural knowledge and the computational model of basal ganglia functioning. We discuss about the basal ganglia capability in executing ordered motor patterns in which any single movement is linked to each other into an action, and many actions are ordered into each other, giving them a syntactic value to the final behaviour. The stereotypic, automatized and habitual behaviour's constructs and controls are the expression of successive stages of rule internalization and categorisation aimed in producing the perfect spatial-temporal control of motor command., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: Author declares no conflicts of interest in this paper., (© 2020 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Comparison between Tail Suspension Swing Test and Standard Rotation Test in Revealing Early Motor Behavioral Changes and Neurodegeneration in 6-OHDA Hemiparkinsonian Rats.
- Author
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Rosa I, Di Censo D, Ranieri B, Di Giovanni G, Scarnati E, Alecci M, Galante A, and Florio TM
- Subjects
- Animals, Biomarkers, Case-Control Studies, Corpus Striatum metabolism, Corpus Striatum pathology, Disease Models, Animal, Immunohistochemistry, Neurodegenerative Diseases metabolism, Parkinson Disease etiology, Parkinson Disease metabolism, Parkinson Disease physiopathology, Rats, Substantia Nigra metabolism, Substantia Nigra pathology, Behavior, Animal drug effects, Hindlimb Suspension, Motor Activity, Neurodegenerative Diseases etiology, Neurodegenerative Diseases physiopathology, Oxidopamine adverse effects, Rotation
- Abstract
The unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model of Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most commonly used in rodents. The anatomical, metabolic, and behavioral changes that occur after severe and stable 6-OHDA lesions have been extensively studied. Here, we investigated whether early motor behavioral deficits can be observed in the first week after the injection of 6-OHDA into the right substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), and if they were indicative of the severity of the dopaminergic (DAergic) lesion in the SNc and the striatum at different time-points (day 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21). With this aim, we used our newly modified tail suspension swing test (TSST), the standard rotation test (RT), and immunohistochemical staining for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). The TSST, but not the standard RT, revealed a spontaneous motor bias for the 6-OHDA-lesioned rats from the day 1 post-surgery. Both tests detected the motor asymmetry induced by (single and repeated) apomorphine (APO) challenges that correlated, in the first week, with the DAergic neuronal degeneration. The described TSST is fast and easy to perform, and in the drug-free condition is useful for the functional assessment of early motor asymmetry appearing after the 6-OHDA-lesion in the SNc, without the confounding effect of APO challenges.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Effects of Substantia Nigra pars compacta lesion on the behavioral sequencing in the 6-OHDA model of Parkinson's disease.
- Author
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Casarrubea M, Di Giovanni G, Crescimanno G, Rosa I, Aiello S, Di Censo D, Ranieri B, Santangelo A, Busatta D, Cassioli E, Galante A, Alecci M, and Florio TM
- Subjects
- Animals, Dopamine pharmacology, Male, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Substantia Nigra drug effects, Subthalamic Nucleus drug effects, Behavior, Animal drug effects, Oxidopamine pharmacology, Parkinson Disease drug therapy, Pars Compacta drug effects
- Abstract
The basal ganglia circuitry plays a crucial role in the sequential organization of behavior. Here we studied the behavioral structure of the animals after 21 days of 6-OHDA-induced lesion of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system. Frequencies and durations of individual components of the behavioral repertoire were calculated; moreover, whether a temporal organization of the activity was present, it was investigated by using T-pattern analysis, a multivariate approach able to detect the real-time sequential organization of behavior. Six sham-depleted and six rats with unilateral 6-OHDA-lesion of the Substantia Nigra pars compacta were used. As to quantitative evaluations, the comparison between lesioned and unlesioned rats revealed significant differences only for the mean occurrences of Walking, Immobile Sniffing and Stretched Sniffing, reduced in lesioned subjects. All the remaining components of the behavior did not show significant changes. On the other hand, results from T-pattern analysis showed a reduction of the number of different T-patterns, of their mean length and of their occurrences in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Overall, these results suggest that the main deficit in 6-OHDA-lesioned subjects, rather than in the production of individual behavioral components, lies in deficiencies of their sequential organization., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. The Basal Ganglia: More than just a switching device.
- Author
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Florio TM, Scarnati E, Rosa I, Di Censo D, Ranieri B, Cimini A, Galante A, and Alecci M
- Subjects
- Animals, Cerebral Cortex cytology, Humans, Basal Ganglia physiology, Cerebral Cortex physiology, Executive Function physiology, Motor Activity physiology, Neural Pathways physiology
- Abstract
The basal ganglia consist of a variety of subcortical nuclei engaged in motor control and executive functions, such as motor learning, behavioral control, and emotion. The striatum, a major basal ganglia component, is particularly useful for cognitive planning of purposive motor acts owing to its structural features and the neuronal circuitry established with the cerebral cortex. Recent data indicate emergent functions played by the striatum. Indeed, cortico-striatal circuits carrying motor information are paralleled by circuits originating from associative and limbic territories, which are functionally integrated in the striatum. Functional integration between brain areas is achieved through patterns of coherent activity. Coherence belonging to cortico-basal ganglia circuits is also present in Parkinson's disease patients. Excessive synchronization occurring in this pathology is reduced by dopaminergic therapies. The mechanisms through which the dopaminergic effects may be addressed are the object of several ongoing investigations. Overall, the bulk of data reported in recent years has provided new vistas concerning basal ganglia role in the organization and control of movement and behavior, both in physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, basal ganglia functions involved in the organization of main movement categories and behaviors are critically discussed. Comparatively, the multiplicity of Parkinson's disease symptomatology is also revised., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Targeted therapy of human glioblastoma via delivery of a toxin through a peptide directed to cell surface nucleolin.
- Author
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Dhez AC, Benedetti E, Antonosante A, Panella G, Ranieri B, Florio TM, Cristiano L, Angelucci F, Giansanti F, Di Leandro L, d'Angelo M, Melone M, De Cola A, Federici L, Galzio R, Cascone I, Raineri F, Cimini A, Courty J, Giordano A, and Ippoliti R
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Membrane drug effects, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Glioblastoma genetics, Glioblastoma pathology, Humans, Mice, Molecular Targeted Therapy, Neovascularization, Pathologic pathology, Peptides chemistry, Phosphoproteins chemistry, RNA-Binding Proteins chemistry, Saporins chemistry, Saporins pharmacology, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Nucleolin, Glioblastoma drug therapy, Neovascularization, Pathologic drug therapy, Peptides pharmacology, Phosphoproteins pharmacology, RNA-Binding Proteins pharmacology
- Abstract
Targeted anticancer therapies demand discovery of new cellular targets to be exploited for the delivery of toxic molecules and drugs. In this perspective, in the last few years, nucleolin has been identified as an interesting surface marker to be used for the therapy of glioblastoma. In this study, we investigated whether a synthetic antagonist of cell-surface nucleolin known as N6L, previously reported to decrease both tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis in several cancer cell lines, including glioblastoma cells, as well as endothelial cells proliferation, could be exploited to deliver a protein toxin (saporin) to glioblastoma cells. The pseudopeptide N6L cross-linked to saporin-S6 induced internalization of the toxin inside glioblastoma cancer cells. Our results in vitro demonstrated the effectiveness of this conjugate in inducing cell death, with an ID
50 four orders of magnitude lower than that observed for free N6L. Furthermore, the preliminary in vivo study demonstrated efficiency in reducing the tumor mass in an orthotopic mouse model of glioblastoma., (© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Targeting CXCR1 on breast cancer stem cells: signaling pathways and clinical application modelling.
- Author
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Brandolini L, Cristiano L, Fidoamore A, De Pizzol M, Di Giacomo E, Florio TM, Confalone G, Galante A, Cinque B, Benedetti E, Ruffini PA, Cifone MG, Giordano A, Alecci M, Allegretti M, and Cimini A
- Subjects
- Animals, Blotting, Western, Brain Neoplasms secondary, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Survival drug effects, Cell Survival physiology, Female, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Humans, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Nude, Neoplastic Stem Cells drug effects, Paclitaxel pharmacology, Signal Transduction drug effects, Sulfonamides pharmacology, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols pharmacology, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Neoplastic Stem Cells pathology, Receptors, Interleukin-8A metabolism, Signal Transduction physiology
- Abstract
In breast cancer it has been proposed that the presence of cancer stem cells may drive tumor initiation, progression and recurrences. IL-8, up-regulated in breast cancer, and associated with poor prognosis, increases CSC self-renewal in cell line models. It signals via two cell surface receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2. Recently, the IL-8/CXCR1 axis was proposed as an attractive pathway for the design of specific therapies against breast cancer stem cells. Reparixin, a powerful CXCR1 inhibitor, was effective in reducing in vivo the tumour-initiating population in several NOD/SCID mice breast cancer models, showing that the selective targeting of CXCR1 and the combination of reparixin and docetaxel resulted in a concomitant reduction of the bulk tumour mass and CSC population. The available data indicate that IL-8, expressed by tumour cells and induced by chemotherapeutic treatment, is a key regulator of the survival and self-renewal of the population of CXCR1-expressing CSC. Consequently, this investigation on the mechanism of action of the reparixin/paclitaxel combination, was based on the observation that reparixin treatment contained the formation of metastases in several experimental models. However, specific data on the formation of breast cancer brain metastases, which carry remarkable morbidity and mortality to a substantial proportion of advanced breast cancer patients, have not been generated. The obtained data indicate a beneficial use of the drug combination reparixin and paclitaxel to counteract brain tumour metastasis due to CSC, probably due to the combined effects of the two drugs, the pro-apoptotic action of paclitaxel and the cytostatic and anti-migratory effects of reparixin.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Nucleolin antagonist triggers autophagic cell death in human glioblastoma primary cells and decreased in vivo tumor growth in orthotopic brain tumor model.
- Author
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Benedetti E, Antonosante A, d'Angelo M, Cristiano L, Galzio R, Destouches D, Florio TM, Dhez AC, Astarita C, Cinque B, Fidoamore A, Rosati F, Cifone MG, Ippoliti R, Giordano A, Courty J, and Cimini A
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Animals, Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating pharmacology, Brain Neoplasms metabolism, Brain Neoplasms pathology, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Cell Survival drug effects, Dacarbazine analogs & derivatives, Dacarbazine pharmacology, Drug Synergism, Female, G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints drug effects, Glioblastoma metabolism, Glioblastoma pathology, Humans, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mice, Nude, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Middle Aged, Phosphoproteins metabolism, RNA-Binding Proteins metabolism, Temozolomide, Tumor Burden drug effects, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Nucleolin, Autophagy drug effects, Brain Neoplasms drug therapy, Glioblastoma drug therapy, Peptides pharmacology, Phosphoproteins antagonists & inhibitors, RNA-Binding Proteins antagonists & inhibitors, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Abstract
Nucleolin (NCL) is highly expressed in several types of cancer and represents an interesting therapeutic target. It is expressed at the plasma membrane of tumor cells, a property which is being used as a marker for several human cancer including glioblastoma. In this study we investigated targeting NCL as a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of this pathology. To explore this possibility, we studied the effect of an antagonist of NCL, the multivalent pseudopeptide N6L using primary culture of human glioblastoma cells. In this system, N6L inhibits cell growth with different sensitivity depending to NCL localization. Cell cycle analysis indicated that N6L-induced growth reduction was due to a block of the G1/S transition with down-regulation of the expression of cyclin D1 and B2. By monitoring autophagy markers such as p62 and LC3II, we demonstrate that autophagy is enhanced after N6L treatment. In addition, N6L-treatment of mice bearing tumor decreased in vivo tumor growth in orthotopic brain tumor model and increase mice survival. The results obtained indicated an anti-proliferative and pro-autophagic effect of N6L and point towards its possible use as adjuvant agent to the standard therapeutic protocols presently utilized for glioblastoma.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. PPARβ/δ and γ in a rat model of Parkinson's disease: possible involvement in PD symptoms.
- Author
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Falcone R, Florio TM, Di Giacomo E, Benedetti E, Cristiano L, Antonosante A, Fidoamore A, Massimi M, Alecci M, Ippoliti R, Giordano A, and Cimini A
- Subjects
- Adrenergic Agents adverse effects, Animals, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor metabolism, Disease Models, Animal, Male, Oxidopamine adverse effects, PPAR delta antagonists & inhibitors, PPAR gamma agonists, PPAR-beta antagonists & inhibitors, Parkinson Disease metabolism, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, PPAR delta metabolism, PPAR gamma metabolism, PPAR-beta metabolism, Parkinson Disease physiopathology
- Abstract
Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurologic disorder, affecting about 1-4% of persons older than 60 years. Among the proposed mechanisms of PD generation, free radical damage is believed to play a pivotal role in the development and/or progression of the disease. Recently, PPARs, a class of transcription factors involved in several pathways both in physiological and pathological conditions, have been linked by us and others to neurodegeneration. Particularly, PPARγ and its ligands have been indicated as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of several pathological conditions associated with neuroinflammation within the CNS. The anti-inflammatory function of PPARγ has attracted attention since agonists exert a broad spectrum of protective effects in several animal models of neurological diseases, including psychiatric diseases. On the other hand a detrimental role for PPARβ/δ has been proposed in Alzheimer, being closely related to the decrease of BDNF and Trkfl. On these bases, in this work we used a 6-OHDA hemi-lesioned rat model, inducing loss of dopaminergic neurons, to study the effects of the lesion at three time points from the lesion (1, 2, and 3 weeks), in relevant areas of PD motor symptoms, such as substantia nigra and globus pallidus and in the area of reward and mood control, the nucleus accumbens. In particular, it was studied: (i) the expression of BDNF and its downstream signals; (ii) the modulation of PPARs levels. The results obtained indicate the possible use of a dual PPARβ/δ antagonist/PPARγ agonist to counteract primary and secondary signs of PD neurodegeneration., (© 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Switching ability of over trained movements in a Parkinson's disease rat model.
- Author
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Florio TM, Confalone G, Sciarra A, Sotgiu A, and Alecci M
- Subjects
- Acoustic Stimulation adverse effects, Animals, Corpus Striatum drug effects, Corpus Striatum metabolism, Corpus Striatum pathology, Cues, Disease Models, Animal, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Oxidopamine toxicity, Parkinson Disease etiology, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Sympatholytics toxicity, Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase metabolism, Attention physiology, Movement physiology, Parkinson Disease rehabilitation, Physical Conditioning, Animal methods
- Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease show unbalanced capability to manage self-paced vs externally driven movements, or automatic-associated movements with respect to the intended voluntary movements. We studied the effect of a selective loss of dopaminergic terminals within the striatum and the execution of a well-learned set-shifting task as revealed using tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity and magnetic resonance imaging in the rat. We found that, both in the externally cued condition, and in the externally-internally driven switching task, the cue-dependent constraints interfered with motor readiness in over training condition. The unilateral dopaminergic striatal depletion enhanced the switch-induced performance differences in favour of the internally-externally cued transition. Dopamine depleted rats, in fact, were impaired to produce an alternative motion when task switching required to change from an over trained behaviour, towards an alternative self-paced response. The comparative analysis of behavioural, tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity and magnetic resonance imaging data, revealed a shrinkage of the lesioned striatum, and an enlargement of the ipsilateral ventricle that could provide useful markers for monitoring pathological changes occurring during early stages of Parkinson's disease in vivo., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Unilateral deep brain stimulation of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus improves oromotor movements in Parkinson's disease.
- Author
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Mazzone P, Padua L, Falisi G, Insola A, Florio TM, and Scarnati E
- Subjects
- Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Parkinson Disease physiopathology, Treatment Outcome, Deep Brain Stimulation methods, Jaw physiopathology, Movement physiology, Parkinson Disease therapy, Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus physiopathology
- Abstract
Background: Jaw movements are severely affected in Parkinson's disease. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of basal ganglia targets is known to ameliorate oromotor control. In this study, we examined the effects of DBS of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) on jaw movements in selected parkinsonian patients., Methods: The effects of low-frequency (25 Hz) stimulation of the PPTg on jaw movements were investigated through electrognathographic analysis in parkinsonian patients who were selected for PPTg stimulation. Changes in jaw velocity and amplitude during voluntary opening and closing movements of the mouth, as well as the maximum frequency of self-paced sequences of opening and closing cycles, were analyzed., Results: Low-frequency stimulation of the PPTg in the OFF-drugs condition significantly improved the opening and closing velocities, vertical amplitude and rhythm of voluntary movements. In some instances, movement parameters during stimulation were within the range of those recorded in healthy controls., Discussion: This is the first study investigating the impact of PPTg DBS on oromotor control in parkinsonian patients. The results show that jaw movements may be restored under stimulation and suggest that the pedunculopontine nucleus may play a key role in controlling oromotor activity., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Neural network subtyping of depression.
- Author
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Florio TM, Parker G, Austin MP, Hickie I, Mitchell P, and Wilhelm K
- Subjects
- Behavioral Symptoms classification, Central Nervous System Diseases classification, Discriminant Analysis, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Sensitivity and Specificity, Severity of Illness Index, Depressive Disorder classification, Movement Disorders classification, Neural Networks, Computer
- Abstract
Objective: To examine the applicability of a neural network classification strategy to examine the independent contribution of psychomotor disturbance (PMD) and endogeneity symptoms to the DSM-III-R definition of melancholia., Method: We studied 407 depressed patients with the clinical dataset comprising 17 endogeneity symptoms and the 18-item CORE measure of behaviourally rated PMD. A multilayer perception neural network was used to fit non-linear models of varying complexity. A linear discriminant function analysis was also used to generate a model for comparison with the non-linear models., Results: Models (linear and non-linear) using PMD items only and endogeneity symptoms only had similar rates of successful classification, while non-linear models combining both PMD and symptoms scores achieved the best classifications., Conclusions: Our current non-linear model was superior to a linear analysis, a finding which may have wider application to psychiatric classification. Our non-linear analysis of depressive subtypes supports the binary view that melancholic and non-melancholic depression are separate clinical disorders rather than different forms of the same entity. This study illustrates how non-linear modelling with neural networks is a potentially fruitful approach to the study of the diagnostic taxonomy of psychiatric disorders and to clinical decision-making.
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Suicide among young Australians, 1964-1993: an interstate comparison of metropolitan and rural trends.
- Author
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Dudley MJ, Kelk NJ, Florio TM, Howard JP, and Waters BG
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Female, Firearms statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, New South Wales epidemiology, Poisoning mortality, Queensland epidemiology, Sex Distribution, South Australia epidemiology, Survival Rate, Tasmania epidemiology, Victoria epidemiology, Western Australia epidemiology, Rural Population statistics & numerical data, Suicide statistics & numerical data, Urban Population statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Objectives: (i) To compare suicide rates in 15-24 year old men and women; and (ii) for 15-24 year old men, to investigate differences in suicide rates between metropolitan and rural area, and changes in method-specific suicide rates and, in particular, firearm and hanging suicide rates in rural and metropolitan areas., Design: Retrospective analysis of Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) suicide data (1964-1993)., Setting: All Australian States., Subjects: Young women and men aged 15-24 years who died by suicide., Results: Male youth suicide rates rose substantially over the 30 years in all Australian States, whereas female rates did not increase. Increases in suicide rates in young men in small rural towns consistently exceeded those in metropolitan areas in all Australian States. Metropolitan rates in 1964 were higher than those in small rural towns, but by 1993 the position was reversed. Medium-sized cities were the only areas where there was no consistent interstate trend. Differences were noted in suicide base rates in different States. High car exhaust suicide rates were noted in Western Australia, and high firearm suicide rates in Tasmania and Queensland. The ratio of firearm suicide rates in small rural areas to those in metropolitan areas rose in all mainland States, but the same ratio for hanging suicide rates changed little., Conclusions: All Australian States reflect national suicide trend in relation to sex and residential area. In some States, particular suicide methods predominate. A decreasing trend in overall firearm suicide rates in young men in all States from 1984 to 1993 conceals substantial increases in firearm suicide rates in small rural areas in all mainland States over the 30-year period. This, together with the marked rate ratio difference in firearm suicides between metropolitan and small rural areas, suggests that particular risk factors for suicide are operating in small rural areas. The fact that hanging rate ratios changed little suggests that more general factors in male youth suicide are also operating in all areas. A better understanding of similarities and differences in health risks faced by metropolitan and rural youth is required.
- Published
- 1998
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