Search

In recent years, the emerging Digital Twin (DT) paradigm under Industry 4.0 has been attracting more attention from both practitioners and academia due to its dynamic capabilities. Most DT studies are theoretical and deal with hypothetical analysis, whereas fewer studies are available on real-life empirical cases. Due to dynamic problem-solving capabilities, DT technologies are widely used in performance improvement analysis in food processing companies (FPC) despite limited implication's for business strategies. Our study incorporates the DT technologies with an implementation case study on FPC and accomplishes the real-life problem of the food processing company (FPC). Moreover, the proposed DT research framework demonstrates the various DT implementation stages, such as strategic mapping and physical-virtual space replica, with rigorous analysis. The results show that DT enhances the existing system's machine availability, allocation efficiency, technical efficiency, worker efficiency, utilization rate, effectiveness, step ratio, and throughput rate. The proposed physical-virtual interface model is executed using AnyLogic software with JAVA-enabled programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel reactive fluorescent hydrogen sulphide (H2S) probe (T-DNBS) consisting of 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl (DNBS) units has been synthesised from 4,7-dibromo-2,1,3-benzothidiazole. Adding H2S to probe T-DNBS solution resulted in a marked fluorescence increase accompanied by a visual colour change from colourless to pale red. Probe T-DNBS performed excellent sensitivity and selectivity for H2S, substantial fluorescence enhancement, can be detected quantitatively in the concentration range of 0–125 μM and the low detection limit was 77.78 nM. In addition, the probe T-DNBS can track H2S in red wine samples with high accuracy, high recovery and practical value in food analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of pesticides in the agricultural industry has been a recurrent practice for decades. Their inappropriate use causes residues of these compounds that can damage both environment and human health. Their analysis is crucial to determine their effects in the environment, while the food industry guarantees consumer safety. The composition of the analytical matrix is a critical factor to determine the viability of the selection and application of specific sample treatment techniques. The selection of an adequate sample treatment technique is necessary to remove interferences, minimising analyte loss, sample manipulation, allowing an adequate separation, extraction, isolation and pre-concentration. The present manuscript summarises the use of carbonaceous materials in synthesis, characterisation, theoretical studies, and their application to several sample pretreatment techniques coupled with instrumental techniques in the determination of pesticides on environmental, food and water samples. The incorporation of carbonaceous materials during the synthesis and development of new adsorbents provides specific interactions (pesticide-adsorbents) that improve the recognition properties, allowing innumerable advantages in terms of cost, performance, selectivity and analytical sensitivity in comparison with other adsorbents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food safety incidents threaten human health and life safety. It is an effective method to prevent and control the occurrence of food safety events by enhancing the rapid and sensitive detection of food contaminants. Emerging porous materials provide for the development of efficient and stable detection methods. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are favored by researchers for their highly ordered pore structure, large specific surface area, and good structural and functional designability. Especially in the sensing field, COFs play the roles of carriers, conductors, quenchers, and reporters, and have broad application prospects. To better understand COFs-based sensing studies, this review briefly introduces the characteristics and different functional roles of COFs in food safety analysis, focusing on the applications of COFs in the detection of various food contaminants (including foodborne pathogens, mycotoxins, pesticides, antibiotics, heavy metals, and others). Finally, the challenges and opportunities for COFs-based sensing are discussed to facilitate further applications and development of COFs in food safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food factories seek the application of natural products, green feedstock and eco-friendly processes, which minimally affect the properties of the food item and products. Today, water and conventional polar solvents are used in many areas of food science and technology. As modern chemistry evolves, new green items for building eco-friendly processes are being developed. This is the case of deep eutectic solvents (DESs), named the next generation of green solvents, which can be involved in many food industries. In this review, we timely analyzed the progress on applying DES toward the development of formulations, extraction of target biomolecules, food processing, extraction of undesired molecules, analysis and determination of specific analytes in food samples (heavy metals, pesticides), food microbiology, and synthesis of new packaging materials, among many other applications. For this, the latest developments (over the last 2-3 years) have been discussed emphasizing innovative ideas and outcomes. Relevantly, we discuss the hypothesis and the key features of using DES in the mentioned applications. To some extent, the advantages and limitations of implementing DES in the food industry are also elucidated. Finally, based on the findings of this review, the perspectives, research gaps and potentialities of DESs are stated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine aspects of the home and neighborhood food environment as predictors of adolescent diet. Cross-sectional study. Research laboratory in Nebraska. Data drawn from the adolescent phase of a larger longitudinal study. Participants included 204 adolescents (mean age of 15.3 years) and caregivers. Independent variables included the home food environment assessed via a validated questionnaire and the neighborhood food environment assessed via geographic information system methods and in-person audits. Dietary outcome variables were assessed using the Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating questionnaire and a 24-hour recall measure. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis. P < 0.05 indicated a significant predictor. Home fruit and vegetable availability predicted greater Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Healthy Eating Index score (P = 0.03), greater Family Life, Activity, Sun, Health, and Eating-measured fruit and vegetable intake (P = 0.003), greater nutrient-dense food consumption (P = 0.01), and less fast-food intake (P = 0.02). Home fat and sweet availability positively predicted energy-dense, nutrient-poor food (P = 0.01), less healthful food (P < 0.001), and sugary food intake (P < 0.001). Convenience store counts positively predicted nutrient-dense food consumption (P = 0.04). Fast-food counts positively predicted sugary beverage consumption (P = 0.01). Findings suggest that, compared with the neighborhood food environment, the home food environment displays a greater number of associations with adolescent diet. Future research is needed to determine if the home food environment may act as a modifiable intervention target to address the elevated rates of adolescent obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: This study assessed the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) of three crackers formulated with different flours: a control cracker (CC) made with conventional flour, one with 30% whole wheat flour substitution (WWC), and another with 30% sunflower seed flour substitution (SFC). This study aimed to explore the impact of these substitutions, which vary in protein and fiber content, on the glycemic responses compared to a reference glucose drink. Subjects/Methods: In a randomized controlled, crossover design, 11 healthy participants (mean age 23.5 ± 1 years; 7 women; BMI 23 ± 1 kg/m2), consumed cracker meals (CC, WWC, and SFC) each providing 50 g of available carbohydrates, and a 50 g glucose reference in separate sessions. Results: The SFC crackers provided low GI and GL values (GI: 53 on the glucose scale, GL: 6 per serving), whereas the WWC and CC crackers provided high GI (GI: 77 and 90 on the glucose scale, respectively) and medium GL values (11 and 12 per serving, respectively). Compared with the glucose reference and CC crackers, only SFC induced lower postprandial glucose concentrations, lower glucose excursions, and lower peak glucose values. All crackers were rated as enjoyable and associated with increased satiety. Conclusions: SFC moderated postprandial glycemic responses compared to CC and the reference (D-glucose), but not WWC. These effects may be attributed to the soluble fibers and protein content of the SFC. These findings suggest potential benefits for body weight management and glycemic control, warranting further investigation of the role of flour substitutions in healthy snack options. Clinical trial registration: This trial has been registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05702372). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The list of standard abbreviations for JDS is available at adsa.org/jds-abbreviations-24. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes. Milk and whey are subjected to quick deterioration due to bacterial growth. Turning them into powder allows for extended shelf life, easier storage, and more effective transport. Monitoring mineral elements in dairy powders is crucial for both technological and nutritional implications. Current analysis of minerals in food matrixes is time consuming and requires high costs and labor. Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) may represent a potential alternative technique to rapidly determine mineral content of food matrixes. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the ED-XRF technique for the prediction of Na, Mg, P, S, K, Ca, Cu, and Zn in skim milk and whey powders. Reference analysis for mineral concentration in dairy powders was inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. The accuracy of ED-XRF for the prediction of mineral elements was assessed on all available samples (global calibration set; n = 23) and after splitting the whole data into a training set (n = 16) and a testing set (n = 7), comprising 70% and 30% of the available samples, respectively. The accuracy of prediction was moderate to low for Na and Mg, whereas robust predictions were obtained for P, S, K, Ca, Cu, and Zn, with coefficients of determination in global calibration from 0.88 to 0.99, and ratios performance to deviation in testing from 2.14 to 24.74. Results suggest that ED-XRF can be considered for accurate prediction of the main mineral elements in dairy powders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five varieties of beans from Laibin, Guangxi, China, including mung beans, soybeans, black beans, red beans, and adzuki beans, were chosen as study subjects for multi-index determination and full assessment. Data on the fat, ash, crude fiber, trace element, thermogravimetric analysis and combustion heat of five different types of beans were gathered. The results showed that the order of combustion heat of the 5 kinds of beans was black beans>soybeans>mung beans>adzuki beans>red beans, the order of combustion stability was soybeans>mung beans>black beans>red beans>adzuki beans, the order of fat content was soybeans>red beans>adzuki beans>black beans>mung beans, the order of ash content was black beans>soybeans>adzuki beans>mung beans>red beans, the order of crude fiber content was red beans>soybeans>adzuki beans, and the order of multi-index stoichiometric analysis was soybeans>red beans>black beans>mung beans>adzuki beans. The quality of the food was assessed and classified using the stoichiometric approach, while the food nutrition was assessed from the perspectives of fat, ash, crude fiber, trace elements, thermogravimetric analysis and combustion heat. This work provides a solid scientific foundation for the assessment and investigation of the thermo gravimetric analysis of food combustion stability. This study's multi-index comprehensive evaluation approach offers a novel concept for food nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Until now, there have been many reports on the regulation of inorganic metal ions on the catalytic activity of nanozymes, but few reports on the regulation of anions (such as NO2−) on enzyme activity. In this work, a copper-molybdenum doped carbon dots (Cu, Mo-CDs) with peroxidase-like (POD) activity was synthesized by simple one-step microwave digestion method. The Cu, Mo-CDs + NO2− system can promote 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) oxidizing to blue oxidative product (oxTMB) due to the formation of ∙NO2 free radical. While Hg2+ was introduced into the system, the POD-like activity of Cu, Mo-CDs + NO2− system was inhibited due to the strong interaction and the electron transfer between Cu, Mo-CDs and Hg2+. The formation of ∙NO2 and the electron transfer capability of Cu, Mo-CDs + Hg2+ were confirmed through ESR spectra and FMN experiments. The bioenzyme-free colorimetric assay based on Cu, Mo-CDs nanozyme is used for detection of NO2− and Hg2+, showing lower detection limit (LOD) of 1.63 µg/L for NO2−, 0.13 µg/L for Hg2+, respectively and good recovery from 90.79 to 108.90%. The work paves a new way to design a nanozyme-based colorimetric protocol for traces NO2− and Hg2+ residues in food analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are natural toxins produced by some plants that gained special interest due to their potential hazardous effects in humans and animals. These substances have been found in wild flora, herbal medicines and food products raising health concerns. Recently, maximum concentration levels of PAs were established for some food products; however, maximum daily intake frequently surpasses the upper limit set by the competent authorities posing a health risk. Given the scarcity or absence of occurrence data on PAs in many products, there is an urgent need to measure their levels and establish safety intake levels. Analytical methods have been reported to detect and quantify PAs in different matrices. The commonly used chromatographic methodologies provides accurate and reliable results. Analytical methods include diverse steps as extraction and sample preparation procedures that are critical for sensitivity and selectivity of the analytical method. Great efforts have been directed toward optimization of extraction procedures, clean up and chromatographic conditions to improve recovery, reduce matrix effects, and achieve low limits of detection and quantification. Therefore, this paper aims to give a general overview about the occurrence of PAs in flora, herbal medicines, and foodstuff; and discuss the different chromatographic methodologies used for PAs analysis, namely extraction and sample preparation procedures and chromatographic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has gained significant importance in the past decade, particulary in the context of food analysis, including potatoes. However, the current literature lacks a comprehensive systematic review of the application of this technique in potato cultivation. Therefore, the aim of this work was to conduct a systematized review by analysing the most relevant compounds, diseases and stress factors in potatoes using hyperspectral imaging. For this purpose, scientific studies were retrieved through a systematic keyword search in Web of Science and Scopus databases. Studies were only included in the review if they provided at least one set of quantitative data. As a result, a total of 52 unique studies were included in the review. Eligible studies were assigned an in-house developed quality scale identifying them as high, medium or low risk. In most cases the studies were rated as low risk. Finally, a comprehensive overview of the HSI applications in potatoes was performed. It has been observed that most of the selected studies obtained better results using linear methods. In addition, a meta-analysis of studies based on regression and classification was attempted but was not possible as not enough studies were found for a specific variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of the presented paper is to show the current level of food security conditions in Europe and identify its determinants. The paper presents the development of the food security situation in Europe in the period 2001–2020. It shows in detail conditions in the year 2020 which were influenced by the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic across the continent. The analysis used the definition of food security and its pillars according to FAO. It used available data from FAOstat for 12 variables in 4 pillars of food security from 2001 to 2020 for 38 European countries to produce composite indicators using Data envelopment analysis. This was used as the dependent variable in panel models with five explanatory factors: added value in agriculture, fishing and forestry, trade openness, gross capital formation, urbanization, and temperature change obtained from the World Bank database. Relationship between variables was estimated using Fixed effects, Random effects, and Pooled mean group model. The analysis found that food security in Europe increased until 2014, then followed a decline which was not compensated until 2020. The weakest regions were identified in the South-eastern and Eastern parts of Europe. The most key factors in the long run were the gross capital formation, added value of agriculture and trade openness. The impact of urbanization and gross capital formation was more important in the short run than in the long run. The effect of temperature change was positive in the short run in most of the analyzed countries, despite its negative long-run influence. The added value of the presented paper in the theoretical field is its methodology, from a practical point of view the paper offers information which could be used in further addressing food security problem solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heterogeneity in East African small-holder agricultural systems influences the farm households' welfare outcomes. We examine the heterogeneity of rural farm households in Eastern Africa and the influence of such diversity on household food security and how these relate to intra-household decision-making dynamics. Using data from the Rural Household Multi-Indicator Survey (RHoMIS) 1,199 households in Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi and Uganda were typologized using partition-based cluster analysis. These were grouped into relatively homogenous classes reflecting their socio-demographic characteristics, resource endowment and farm orientation based at a country level to reflect the unique institutional conditions within these countries. Additional analysis was then used to characterise the differences in food insecurity and intra-household decision-making of these clusters. Five distinct farm household clusters were identified in Ethiopia and Kenya, four in Malawi and three in Uganda. The main factors differentiating the farm clusters were educational attainment of the household head, levels of resource endowment, market orientation and off-farm income. Market orientated clusters and clusters comprising more educated household heads were generally more food secure across all countries. In Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda, women had greater decision-making control in clusters comprising least educated household heads. Female decision-making control was negatively associated with the resource endowment of clusters in Kenya, Malawi and Uganda. This emphasises the importance of understanding rural farm household heterogeneity when tailoring interventions to target household food insecurity and gender inequity in decision-making in Eastern Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficient extraction of various analytes from a wide spectrum of matrices with organic solvents is still a great challenge in analytical chemistry. Especially polar and charged compounds are hard to extract in combination with neutral analytes of intermediate to low polarity. The QuEChERS method is often chosen and has been adapted not only to the analysis of food samples, but also to environmental matrices (soil, wastewater) or biota. In this study, we overcome major drawbacks of QuEChERS such as low recoveries of charged analytes and impairment of downstream analysis by high salt loads. The new extraction method, applicable to liquid and solid samples, is called SWIEET (sugar water isopropanol ethyl nitrile extraction technique). Phase separation of the otherwise miscible extraction solvents water and acetonitrile is achieved by sugaring-out instead of salting-out. Extraction efficiencies were greatly improved by adding isopropanol to the acetonitrile phase. The concentrations of the additives glucose and isopropanol, as well as temperature, were optimized by a design of experiment. Further improvement was achieved through electro- or double-extractions. For all sample types tested (surface water, wastewater treatment plant effluent, tomato, soil, and oats), recoveries and precision were higher with SWIEET than with the established QuEChERS method. From wastewater treatment plant effluent, 75% recovery on average were achieved with our SWIEET method compared to 37% with QuEChERS for a model analyte mixture with polarities of logDpH7 = − 5.7 − 3.5. Higher recoveries and lower standard deviations compared to QuEChERS were achieved especially for polar and charged analytes such as metformin. Handling proved to be easy, since there was no additional solid phase and no tedious weighing of salts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, there has been a growing interest in fermented foods and plant-based beverages (PBBs) by the consumers because of the benefits they provide to human health or due to restrictions in the diet associated to some pathologies or personal choices. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a versatile technique that presents many advantages for the identification and quantification of metabolites in food with a variety of one- and two-dimensional experiments. This review delves into the current applications of NMR in the fields of fermented foods and PBBs. The interest from researchers in the analysis of fermented foods by NMR in the recent literature mainly focused on three main sub-areas: characterization of exopolysaccharides (EPS) and their functional, and rheological properties; metabolomics to find discriminant markers during and after the process of fermentation for the optimization of the productive process or development of products; and characterization of traditional and novel foods. However, the area of plant-based beverages studies by NMR presented a remarkable literature gap. The opportunities for future investigations concerning food authentication, traceability, and functional food development, among others, are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrolytic nanozyme–based visual colorimetry has emerged as a promising strategy for the detection of aluminum ions. However, most studies focus on simulating the structure of natural enzymes while neglecting to regulate the rate of hydrolysis-related steps, leading to low enzyme-like activity for hydrolytic nanozymes. Herein, we constructed a ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) in situ embedded cerium oxide (CeO2) nanozyme (RuO2/CeO2) with a Lewis acid–base pair (Ce–O-Ru-OH), which can simulate the catalytic behavior of phosphatase (PPase) and can be quantitatively quenched by Al3+ to achieve accurate and sensitive Al3+ colorimetric sensing detection. The incorporation of Ru into CeO2 nanorods accelerates the dissociation of H2O, followed by subsequent combination of hydroxide species to Lewis acidic Ce–O sites. This synergistic effect facilitates substrate activation and significantly enhances the hydrolysis activity of the nanozyme. The results show that the RuO2/CeO2 nanozyme exhibits a limit of detection as low as 0.5 ng/mL. We also demonstrate their efficacy in detecting Al3+ in various practical food samples. This study offers novel insights into the advancement of highly sensitive hydrolytic nanozyme engineering for sensing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a representative gas of food spoilage, the development of rapid hydrogen sulfide (H2S) analysis strategies for food safety control is in great demand. Despite traditional methods for H2S detection possessing great achievements, they are still incapable of meeting the requirement of portability and quantitative detection at the same time. Herein, a nanozyme catalysis pressure-powered sensing platform that enables visual quantification with the naked eye is proposed. In this methodology, Pt nanozyme inherits the catalase-like activity to facilitate the decomposition of H2O2 to O2, which can significantly improve the pressure in the closed container, further pushing the movement of indicator dye. Furthermore, H2S was found to effectively inhibit the catalytic activity of Pt nanozyme, indicating that the catalase-like activity of PtNPs may be regulated by varying concentrations of H2S. Therefore, by utilizing a self-designed pressure-powered microchannel device, the concentration of H2S was successfully converted into a distinct signal variation in distance. The effectiveness of the as-designed sensor in assessing the spoilage of red wine by H2S determination has been demonstrated. It exhibits a strong correlation between the change in dye distance and H2S concentration within the range of 1–250 μM, with a detection limit of 0.17 μM. This method is advantageous as it enhances the quantitative detection of H2S with the naked eye based on the portable pressure-powered sensing platform, as compared to traditional H2S biosensors. Such a pressure-powered distance variation platform would greatly broaden the application of H2S-based detection in food spoilage management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The identification and evaluation of barriers to artificial intelligence (AI) adoption in food supply chain finance (FSCF) can be addressed as a multiattribute decision-making problem. However, only a few studies have reported the application of decision models for evaluating barriers to the implementation of AI in FSCF, especially within an uncertain context. Hence, this work explores the evaluation issue of implementation barriers via an integrated decision model. In this model, the conventional additive ratio assessment (ARAS) model integrated with the Choquet integral and criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) is extended into the interval-valued Fermatean fuzzy (IVFF) setting for ranking the barriers. The IVFF weighted average operator based on the Choquet integral is introduced to form a group decision matrix. Then, the developed ARAS model with the IVFF-CRITIC method is proposed to evaluate the implementation barriers for AI in FSCF, which can depict the interactions between the barriers. Finally, a case of an FSCF, including four participants, is presented to illustrate the application of the reported model and demonstrate its reliability. The result shows that "Data privacy" () is the main barrier impeding AI adoption in FSCF, and the participant "small and medium-sized processing enterprises" () has the highest barrier level to AI adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work describes the development of temperature-induced dispersive solid phase extraction (TI-DSPE) for the isolation and measurement of cobalt in food and water samples. The concentration of the preconcentrated cobalt ions was determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). In TI-DSPE, the dispersion of the sorbent occurs by varying the temperature. The cobalt was complexed with 1-nitroso-2-naphthol and extracted with finely dispersed benzoic acid particles at 60 °C. The extraction efficiencies parameters were assessed and optimized, such as the mass of benzoic acid, dissolution temperature, solution pH, centrifugation conditions, and ionic strength. In the optimum conditions, the analytical curve was linear from 2.0 to 150.0 µg L−1, the limits of detection and quantification were 0.55 and 1.83 µg L−1 respectively, and the preconcentration factor was 50. Ten repeated measurements at 50.0 µg L−1 yielded a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.6% (n = 10). High extraction recoveries (96.5–102.5%) were obtained from the analysis of real samples. The validity of the developed procedure was confirmed by analyses of certified reference materials (QC-1187 and SPS-SW2). The results demonstrated that the developed method was simple, efficient, and cost-effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food public opinion is characterized by its low ignition point, high diffusibility, persistence, and strong negativity, which significantly impact food safety and consumer trust. This paper introduces the Food Public Opinion Prevention and Control (FPOPC) model driven by deep learning and personalized recommendation algorithms, rigorously tested and analyzed through experimentation. Initially, based on an analysis of food public opinion development, a comprehensive FPOPC framework addressing all stages of food public opinion was established. Subsequently, a sentiment prediction model for food news based on user comments was developed using a Stacked Autoencoder (SAE), enabling predictions about consumer sentiments toward food news. The sentiment values of the food news were then quantified, and improvements were made in allocating Pearson correlation coefficient weights, leading to the design of a collaborative filtering-based personalized food news recommendation mechanism. Furthermore, an enhanced Bloom filter integrated with HDFS technology devised a rapid recommendation mechanism for food public opinion. Finally, the designed FPOPC model and its associated mechanisms were validated through experimental verification and simulation analysis. The results demonstrate that the FPOPC model can accurately predict and control the development of food public opinion and the entire food supply chain, providing regulatory agencies with effective tools for managing food public sentiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background : Global food systems are essential to sustain life; however, unhealthy diets are the leading cause of poor health and death worldwide. Natural food environments are a critical source of healthful food such as fresh fruit and vegetables, lean meat and aquatic foods, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and Indigenous food systems. Understanding and monitoring natural food environments is critical to protecting the supply of healthy food, and the land and water it comes from, for current and future generations. Methods: A scoping review was applied to classify and summarise empirical methods and measures used for characterising natural food environments. The ways in which food environment characteristics are conceptualised and measured for natural (wild and cultivated) food environments were explored. Data were extracted from the included studies using the following fields: study country, aim/objective(s), type of natural food environment (wild vs. cultivated), method or measure used to measure the food environment, key food environment characteristic/s (up to four) measured and key findings in relation to the food environment measurement. Results: One hundred forty seven studies were found to be relevant in this review. Most studies investigated food environments in LMICs, with almost two-thirds of all studies focussing on middle-income countries (n = 89, 61%). There was a strong focus on food security and home-based agriculture from studies that measured the cultivated food environment in LMICs, while the majority of studies on the cultivated food environment from high-income countries focussed on urban and community gardening. In addition to the most common survey-based methodological approaches, our review yielded a broad range of both qualitative and quantitative methods for measuring natural food environments, such as geospatial analysis; biochemical analysis of food, soil and water; citizen science; photovoice and food availability calendars. Conclusions: Our review demonstrated that the concept and characteristics of the food environment are a promising conceptualization for measuring natural food environments, particularly in relation to food availability, healthiness and food security. Mapping the currently used methods and measures to assess natural food environments is important to help identify critical leverage points for strengthening policy interventions, and monitoring and evaluation of progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quipá (Tacinga inamoena) is a plant native to Northwestern Brazil which contains valuable minerals in its composition that are of great interest to the scientific community. The purpose of this study was to assess the physicochemical, antioxidant, sensory and microbiological properties of a quipá-based gelatinous sweet. The jelly presented a high concentration of carbohydrates and soluble fibers, being free of microbiological contamination, a good sensorial acceptance, and was therapeutic in terms of antioxidant effects. Due to its ability to chelate copper and ferric ions, the jelly was also responsible for an 80% reduction in DPPH and a preventative activity against oxidative damage. This product contains a high amount of active ingredients, such as phenolic compounds, which have biological benefits effects in disease prevention and health promotion. The quipá jelly provides benefits, functional properties, and advantages, which may be of interest to the industrial sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquaculture of the silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) is one of the most important species for ensuring food security. This analysis study aimed to comprehend the conceptual framework of the recent research for it, based on 959 Scopus-indexed core collection papers from 446 publications produced by 139 authors from 57 countries between 2003 and 2023. VOSViewer was used to conduct this bibliometric analysis, which looked into the fundamental profile of the chosen fields. Of the ten authors, Luo Yongkang emerged as the most productive author in the field, with an h-index of 58, 268 articles, and 268 documents. China and the USA were found to have the strongest teamwork and the most productive nations, producing 437 and 262 papers, respectively. The most frequently mentioned journals that addressed the research topic were Food Hydrocolloids (411) and Food Chemistry (391, 341, 321, and 196, respectively), which dealt with the research topic the most. As a result, this bibliometric analysis offers thorough details on the field of study and research landscape around silver carp and indicates interest in the subject matter. In addition, it identifies crucial areas for further investigation and makes it easier to map possible authors, organizations, and nations for partnerships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macrobenthic communities in a lake are affected by the type of bottom cover such as macrophytes or algae. In the southern basin of Lake Biwa, mats of the benthic cyanobacteria (BC) Microseira wollei widely cover the lake bottom and are interspersed with submerged macrophytes (SMs). Because different macrobenthos species appear to occur at those bottoms, we investigated the composition of the communities. Furthermore, as M. wollei is supposed to be inedible to consumer organisms owing to its hard sheath and toxins, the food possibility of the cyanobacteria and macrophytes for macrobenthos was analyzed. In this study, macrobenthos were collected, identified molecularly, counted in the BC and SM zones, and analyzed for carbon and nitrogen stable‐isotopic compositions. In the BC zone, asellids and amphipods dominated the macrobenthic community, while chironomids dominated the SM zone. The stable‐isotope analysis revealed that M. wollei was a minor food source for macrobenthos and other higher‐level consumers, with some macrophytes, particulate organic matter and bottom sediment potentially being a major source. The dominance of crustacean macrobenthos in M. wollei mats suggested that they provided a refuge from predation for crustaceans, whereas SMs were not sufficiently abundant to achieve this. Although different macrobenthic communities in the BC and SM zones were likely supported by common food sources, with the exeption of M. wollei, the present study was conducted over a short period and lacked advanced methods for gut content analysis. Therefore, further monitoring and food web analysis are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vegans have lower risks of some health problems such as ischemic heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers. However, they are at high risk of some nutrient deficiencies, including iodine, because plant foods are poor sources of the nutrient, except for seaweed. Also, some vegans refuse to use iodized salt or dietary supplements containing iodine. Urinary iodine concentration among vegans, indicative of mild, moderate, or severe deficiency, is common among a large percentage of vegans in many countries. Similarly, there is a high incidence of inadequate iodine concentration in the breast milk of vegan mothers. This article provides information on the iodine content of brown, red, and green algae. Some seaweed types, especially brown algae, contain very high amounts of iodine, and so, soaking and blanching are necessary to reduce the iodine content to safe levels to prevent iodine toxicity. This article focuses on seaweed and its use as a source of iodine. Because some vegans do not use iodized salt or iodine-containing supplements and because plant foods are poor sources of iodine, seaweed is a potential source of the nutrient, but to reduce the risk of toxicity, soaking and blanching are needed to dispose of excess iodine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel portable cotton swab based on nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs) for Al3+ detection was constructed for the first time. NCDs with bright green fluorescence were prepared by hydrothermal method with phenylhydrazine hydrochloride and 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid hydrazide as precursors. The surface of NCDs was exposed to abundant functional groups (such as amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl, etc.), which was helpful for the formation of complexes between NCDs and Al3+. In the presence of Al3+, the aggregation of NCDs obviously induced their fluorescence enhancement due to the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) of NCDs. Furthermore, the quantum yield (QY) of NCDs was enhanced by 12 times with Al3+, and the fluorescence lifetime was increased by 7.54 ns. The fluorescence intensity was linearly correlated with the concentration of Al3+ (2.5–300 μM), and the limit of detection was 0.76 μM. Moreover, for the portable way, cotton swabs were successfully employed to construct the sensors for the detection of Al3+ in food samples. This proposal has potential for the application in food analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coupling of Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) technology with gas chromatography (GC) has a well-established and successful history. Traditionally, SPME fibers have been the most popular form thanks to their versatility and the ease with which they can be fully automated. However, alternative geometries for SPME have been developed over the years, beginning with Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction (SBSE) and later evolving into Thin-Film SPME (TF-SPME) devices. Each of these formats offers distinct advantages and disadvantages, which are explored in this study. The primary objective of this study was to comprehensively compare available forms of SPME devices, with a special focus on the advantages of TF-SPME, a novel microextraction method particularly suited for the analysis of odorants in food. The study involved analyzing a standard mixture of 11 key food odorants, representing a range of polarities, to evaluate the efficiency of TF-SPME devices in terms of the number of analytes extracted. Furthermore, four types of TF-SPME devices were compared against each other in both standard mixtures and actual food samples. The final stage of the study employed GCxGC-ToFMS analysis to showcase the potential of the most efficient HLB-TF-SPME device in the non-targeted analysis of complex samples, exemplified by unfiltered wheat beer. This analysis demonstrated the significant capability of HLB-TF-SPME in capturing and identifying a wide range of volatile compounds in complex matrices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food safety is one of the greatest public problems occurring around the world. Chemical, physical, and microbiological hazards could lead to food safety problems, which might occur at all stages of the supply chain. To tackle food safety problems and protect consumer health, specific, accurate, and rapid diagnosis techniques meeting various requirements are the imperative measures to ensure food safety. CRISPR-Cas system, a novel emerging technology, is effectively repurposed in (bio)sensing and has shown a tremendous capability to develop on-site and portable diagnostic methods with high specificity and sensitivity. Among numerous existing CRISPR/Cas systems, CRISPR/Cas13a and CRISPR/Cas12a are extensively employed in the design of biosensors, owing to their ability to cleave both non-target and target sequences. However, the specificity limitation in CRISPR/Cas has hindered its progress. Nowadays, nucleic acid aptamers recognized for their specificity and high-affinity characteristics for their analytes are incorporated into CRISPR/Cas systems. With the benefits of reproducibility, high durability, portability, facile operation, and cost-effectiveness, CRISPR/Cas-based aptasensing approaches are an ideal choice for fabricating highly specific point-of-need analytical tools with enhanced response signals. In the current study, we explore some of the most recent progress in the CRISPR/Cas-mediated aptasensors for detecting food risk factors including veterinary drugs, pesticide residues, pathogens, mycotoxins, heavy metals, illegal additives, food additives, and other contaminants. The nanomaterial engineering support with CRISPR/Cas aptasensors is also signified to achieve a hopeful perspective to provide new straightforward test kits toward trace amounts of different contaminants encountered in food samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children who do not consume enough iron have decreased growth, reduced immunity, and poor cognitive development. This study aimed to assess the pooled iron-rich food consumption, trends, and predictors among children aged 6–59 months old in Ethiopia. This study used Ethiopian demographic and health survey (EDHS-2005–2016) data with a total weighted sample size of 26,773 among children aged 6–59 months old. A multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of good iron-rich food consumption. The pooled proportion of iron-rich food consumed among children aged 6–59 months in Ethiopia was 11.77% (10.71, 12.92%). In Ethiopia, the proportion of iron-rich food intake by children aged 6–59 months was slightly increased from 9.25% (8.04, 10.62%) in EDHS 2005 to 10.86% (9.06, 12.95%) in EDHS 2011, and sharply increased to 17.49% (15.04, 20.24%) in EDHS 2016. The findings indicated that being children born to mothers aged 20 to 34 years old [AOR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.89], mothers aged ≥ 35 years old [AOR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.82], married parents [AOR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.48], completed primary education [AOR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.73], secondary education [AOR = 2.66, 95% CI: 1.53, 4.59], a higher education status of mother [AOR = 3.98, 95% CI: 1.92, 8.23], medium family [AOR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.89], rich family [AOR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.95], media exposure [AOR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.72], residents of the Tigray [AOR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.51, 4.79], Oromia [AOR = 3.30, 95% CI: 1.30, 4.02], Benishangul [AOR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.15, 3.88], Gambela [AOR = 5.85, 95% CI: 2.97, 11.50], and Dire Dawa region [AOR = 3.38, 95% CI: 1.76, 6.47], were significantly associated with good iron-rich food consumption among children aged 6–59 months old. The findings revealed that iron-rich food intake was considerably low among Ethiopian children aged 6–59 months. Increasing women's literacy and economic empowerment improves iron-rich food consumption among children aged 6–59 months old. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Food safety is crucial globally, particularly regarding mycotoxins in food. Mycotoxins, primarily found in cereals, can also contaminate animal products. In Mexico, staple foods like maize and animal products may contain fumonisins, mycotoxins from Fusarium fungi linked to various health issues. Type B fumonisins (FBs) and their hydrolysis products are particularly toxic to humans. This study analysed the most commonly consumed foods in the Mexican diet, selected based on data from Mexican government institutions. Samples were processed and dried at various temperatures according to the food type. To identify the most effective extraction method, each sample underwent testing under different extraction conditions. The presence of FB1, FB2, FB3, and their hydrolysed forms in the selected foods, as well as their relative concentrations, was determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS‐QTOF). Therefore, this work aims to analyse the presence of fumonisins as contaminants in foods consumed by Mexicans, providing an analytical method for their inspection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol, 3- and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol) and zearalenone are toxic secondary metabolites produced by Fusarium species. Although managing these mycotoxins simultaneously is crucial, current analytical methods differ because of their distinct properties. In this study, food matrix extraction conditions were established and applied to cereal-based foods (n = 90). The optimal conditions were developed by utilizing fragment ions and precursors, following the guidelines established by the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC). The developed method demonstrated high accuracy and reliability within 20 min, even for samples with low concentrations. Consequently, the recovery range of the fat-oil-processed products and cereal sirup improved from 27.0% to 98.3% and 27.6% to 97.8%, respectively. This improved extraction method offers a more convenient and rapid approach for the analysis of various matrices. Furthermore, these optimized methods can be extended to monitor the co-occurrence of mycotoxins in cereal-based foods, providing valuable assistance to the food industry and regulatory agencies for detecting and monitoring mycotoxins that may pose potential health risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) constitute nuclear transcription factors controlling gene expression associated with cell growth and proliferation, diverse proteins, lipids, and glucose metabolism, being related to several other pathophysiological states such as metabolic disorders, atherogenesis, carcinogenesis, etc. The present survey aims to analyze the natural compounds that can act as agonists for the PPAR-α, PPAR-β/δ, and PPAR-γ system targeting, highlighting how the amazing biochemical diversity of natural compounds can yield new insights into this "hotspot" of the scientific field. Methods: A narrative review was performed by searching the recent international literature for the last two decades in the most authoritative scientific databases, like PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase, using appropriate keywords. Results: Several natural compounds and/or their synthetic derivatives can act as ligands of PPARs, stimulating their transcriptional activity and enabling their use as preventive and/or therapeutic agents for several disease states, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, metabolic disturbances, atherogenesis, and carcinogenesis. Although synthetic compounds are increasingly used as drugs to manage health problems, serious side effects have been observed, while their natural analogues exhibit only few minor side effects. Conclusions: Further clinical studies on natural compounds such as ligands of PPARs and the evaluation of the related molecular mechanisms are needed to implement an effective strategy concerning the pharmaco-technology, food chemistry, and nutrition to introduce them as part of clinical and dietary practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accurate monitoring of lactate level is very important in the fields of food quality and sport. In the present work, an effective sensor was introduced for lactate monitoring in food and in human bio-fluid. The non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor was fabricated by bulk modification of a simple carbon paste electrode (CPE) with iron-copper ferricyanide (ICF) catalyst and room temperature ionic liquid (IL). The lactate sensing capabilities of the suggested sensor are significantly enhanced due to the combination of the high conductivity of IL and the improved catalytic properties of the ICF modifier. The chronoamperometric response measurements of the ICF-IL-CPE demonstrated a high sensitivity towards lactate across a broad linear range of 20 to 1000 µM, with a correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.999. This sensor also exhibited a detection limit of 4.5 µM, a reproducibility of 3.9% relative standard deviation, and a stability of 95.8% over a period of five weeks. The suggested ICF-IL-CPE depicted minimal background interference against common interfering species. This makes it a highly promising tool for accurately measuring lactate concentrations in various samples including saliva from athletes and cow milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate determination of folic acid (FA) levels in food sources is essential for nutritional assessment and quality control. In this work, magnetically graphene oxide/iron oxide (GO/γ-Fe2O3) nanocomposite was prepared via a simple precipitation method, characterized with different characterization tools (including X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy) and then used for fabrication of FA sensor. The electrochemical sensing potential of the GO/γ-Fe2O3 composite towards FA was achieved by modifying a portable screen-printed carbon electrode. Cyclic voltammetry was employed to study the experimental factors, including pH, scan rate, and the concentration of the modifier. The optimized values were then employed for quantitative determination of FA with square wave voltammetry (SWV). The results demonstrated a clear linear relationship between the SWV response and the concentration of FA, ranging from 0.04 to 70 µM. The limit of detection achieved in this study was 8 nM, which is consistent with the values reported in recent literature. The selectivity of the suggested assay was also investigated for common interference species. This research illustrates a simple, accurate, and rapid sensing platform for the quantification of FA in food samples, highlighting its potential for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global fish and seafood consumption is increasing annually, frequently leading to the emergence of food fraud, mainly related to mislabeling and adulteration like, for example, the use of illicit/unauthorized food additives to mask or delay fish spoilage. Among the available diagnostic tools for control purposes, spectroscopic techniques have often been proposed to identify these kinds of illicit practices in fish and seafood products. The presented study aims to test two cheap and portable near infrared (NIR) spectrometers, a handheld MicroNIR and a pocket-sized SCiO, to uncover use of the illicit food additive Cafodos, a mixture of sodium citrate and hydrogen peroxide used to preserve some fish characteristics (like smell, color, na dtexture). The NIR spectroscopy in combination with chemometric approaches, allowed the successfully classification of (81–100%) samples of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) treated with Cafodos. The study highlights the potential of this technique that, by not requiring pre-treatment of samples with further reagents, is cheaper and safer for the environment. In conclusion, the study confirmed the potential of portable devices for rapid NIR spectroscopy analysis to identify food fraud and ensure consumer safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Inorganic Analytical Chemistry / Zhongguo Wuji Fenxi Huaxue is the property of Beijing Research Institute of Mining & Metallurgy Technology Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Eating a diet high in fruits and vegetables is associated with a reduction in the risk of chronic diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, asthma, depression, and mental illness, yet few low-income adults meet these recommendations. Nutrition incentive programs have emerged over the last decade to offer incentives to food-insecure households to purchase more fruits and vegetables. Although the goal of the program is to increase the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables, defenders of nutrition incentive programs increasingly want to document economic impacts of their programs but often lack the resources to do so. Rather than these programs spending their scarce resources on conducting studies, this research created a rigorous, yet easy to use tool that U.S.-based practitioners operating nutrition incentive programs can use to estimate the economic impact of their programs, including incentive redemptions at both farm-direct and brick-and-mortar businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the knowledge structure of microplastic pollution and its effects on the aquatic food chain. The presence of microplastics has seriously harmed the ecosystem. Through bibliometric analysis, 216 journal publications were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) from 2008 to 2023 (April), with no restriction in the time frame. Applying bibliographic coupling and co‐word analysis, the emerging, current, and future themes of microplastic pollution are presented. Three research streams are derived from bibliographic coupling, centralized on the source of microplastic pollution and its impact. At the same time, research streams from co‐word analysis are associated with overcoming the issue of microplastics in the ecosystem. This study's implications suggest three main principles to mitigate microplastic issues: (1) educating the public on the impact of microplastic pollution, (2) implementing holistic regulations and policies, and (3) developing treatment strategies through conventional, innovative, and hybrid approaches. Microplastic pollution is a global concern, requiring a holistic and comprehensive approach to overcome it. This review is the first to present a scientific mapping of the microplastics literature, which is a fundamental basis for future research on microplastic pollution and its impact on the ecosystem. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:1800–1811. © 2024 SETAC Key Points: This study explores the current knowledge structure with three themes identified: (1) sources of microplastic pollution, (2) microplastics in the ocean, and (3) impact of microplastics and nanoplastics on the ecosystem.The future research trends from the co‐word analysis presented three themes: (1) microplastic pollution in freshwater environments, (2) protecting our seas: combating microplastic contamination, and (3) unveiling the hidden impacts of microplastic pollution.This study suggests three main principles to mitigate microplastic issues: (1) educating the public on the impact of microplastic pollution; (2) implementing holistic regulations and policies; and (3) treatment strategies through conventional, innovative, and hybrid approaches.This review is the first to present a scientific mapping of the microplastics literature, which is fundamental to future research on microplastic pollution and its impact on the ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Evidence suggests an increasing misuse of veterinary medicines by humans. This study aims to analyse Adverse Events (AEs) associated with selected veterinary products using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS). Methods: A descriptive pharmacovigilance analysis was conducted on AEs related to 21 drugs approved for human and/or animal use. Results: A total of 38,756 AEs, including 9566 fatalities, were identified. The United States reported the highest number of cases (13,532), followed by Canada (2869) and the United Kingdom (1400). Among the eight drugs licenced exclusively for animals, levamisole, pentobarbital, and xylazine were most frequently reported. Reports predominantly involved males (57%) from the 18–64 age group, with incidents related mainly to overdose, dependence, and multi-agent toxicities. Unmasking techniques revealed 'intentional overdose' as the primary reaction. Polysubstance use was evident in 90% of the drugs, with benzodiazepines/Z-drugs and opioids as common co-used classes. Conclusions: Veterinary medications are increasingly infiltrating the illicit drug market due to their pharmacological properties. This trend highlights the need for heightened vigilance and awareness to prevent further public health risks associated with the adulteration of illicit substances with veterinary products like xylazine and pentobarbital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supermarket circulars contribute to the consumer's food environment by promoting sales of specific foods. We used NOVA classification to classify products advertised on the first page of Bronx-based circulars for 12 weeks. In this classification, foods are assigned to one of the four groups, depending on the degree of processing. Of the 2,913 products, minimally processed NOVA1 foods were represented almost equally (43.4%, n = 1263) as NOVA4 ultra-processed foods (41.3%, n = 1203), with comparable circular space for both groups (T = 5.76, p >.05). Our results indicate that supermarkets in nutritionally compromised neighborhoods promote minimally processed, NOVA1 foods and such promotions must be leveraged to improve health outcomes in these communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advancements in food-contaminant detection technologies can significantly improve food safety and human health. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has become the preferred analytical method for food-safety detection owing to its numerous advantages, which include unique 'molecular fingerprinting' features, high sensitivity, rapid responses, and non-invasive characteristics. Raman-signal enhancements rely heavily on high-performance SERS substrates. In recent years, metal–organic framework (MOF)-based SERS substrates have gained attention as promising candidates for developing SERS technologies owing to their distinctive structures and functions. This review comprehensively examines recent advances in MOF-based SERS substrates, focusing on the main role of MOFs in SERS substrates as well as their typical categories and structures, construction methods, and representative applications in food-contaminant detection. First, the primary roles of MOFs in SERS substrates are briefly introduced. Next, a comprehensive overview of the typical categories and structures of MOF-based SERS substrates is discussed. Subsequently, a fundamental view of the general construction methods for MOF-based SERS substrates is presented. Next, the main applications of MOF-based SERS substrates for food-contaminant detection are summarised. Finally, challenges and perspectives, including improvements in SERS performance and stability, and the unification of SERS mechanisms, are addressed and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractAroma is one of the important indexes to evaluate food quality. The formation of food aroma is based on the interaction of complex substances. The accurate quantification of aroma substances in food has significance in the analysis of aroma substances in food. In this review, the basic principle and significance of stable isotope dilution analysis is introduced, general steps for flavor analysis and its historical progress in food flavor analysis is discussed. Additionally, the application progress of stable isotope dilution analysis in food flavor analysis from 2019 to 2023 has been described in detail, which is also categorized by food. Finally, the accuracy and superiority of stable isotope dilution analysis as an accurate quantitative analysis method were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significance of food nutrients and bioactive compounds in human health has driven the development of many methods for their determination in different matrices. Among these, electroanalysis has gained popularity due to its cost-effectiveness, rapidity, and, in many cases, portability and minimal sample treatment. This review highlights key advances in electrochemical sensors and biosensors from 2019 to the present. Given the variability and the challenges of managing food matrices, the focus is limited to methods that have been thoroughly assessed for their applicability to real samples. The technical characteristics and analytical performance of the proposed sensors are discussed, along with breakthrough features and future trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fe3+‐doped MgGa2O4 (MGO: Fe3+) spinel‐type near‐infrared (NIR) phosphor with non‐toxicity, outstanding thermal stability, and tunable emission has recently gained great concern owing to its wide applications. Nevertheless, the existence of detrimental O defects in the MgGa2O4 host and the forbidden d‐d transitions of Fe3+ lead to unsatisfactory luminescence efficiency, limiting the commercial application. In this study, a vacancy repairing engineering has been innovatively developed via F− substitution in MGO: Fe3+ (MGOF: Fe3+) for significantly enhancing NIR emission and maintaining outstanding thermal stability. Specifically, F− substitution with a similar radius effectively repairs the intrinsic O vacancy defects of MGO, thereby prohibiting the detrimental electron‐capturing effect. Meanwhile, F− incorporation can make the lattice of MGO distort and break the forbidden transition of Fe3+. Significantly, the obtained MGOF: Fe3+ presents a 16‐fold higher emission intensity than that of MGO: Fe3+. More important, the MGOF: Fe3+ can remain at 91.17% (363 K) and 85.10% (423 K). Finally, the NIR emission of MGOF: Fe3+ can be used for night vision, non‐destructive biological tissue detection, and food analysis. The proposed vacancy repairing strategy can certainly stimulate some new thoughts and concepts in designing high‐performance phosphors for wider applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a novel, systematic method for evaluating design printability in 3D food printing using a scoring system based on the Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) guidelines. This study addresses a gap in the current literature by proposing a structured approach to assess and enhance the printability of 3D food designs. Our framework consists of a set of nine critical questions derived from the multi-level DfAM guidelines, focusing on key printability factors including unsupported features, geometric accuracy, and surface finish. The evaluation process converts qualitative assessments into numerical values, resulting in a comprehensive printability score that categorizes designs into high, moderate, or low printability levels. To validate the effectiveness of this method, we conducted a case study involving five different designs. The scoring system successfully explores the design space and maximizes the printability of 3D food products. This method alleviates the challenges in design evaluation compared with traditional trial-and-error approaches. The results demonstrate the practicality and efficiency of our framework's output. The proposed methodology provides a structured approach to design evaluation, offering practical insights and a valuable tool for improving the success rate of 3D printed food products. This research contributes to the field by offering a systematic framework for assessing and enhancing the printability of 3D food designs, potentially accelerating the adoption and effectiveness of 3D food printing technology in various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dark chocolate is a confectionery product traditionally made from cocoa beans, sugar, and vanilla essence. The aim of the study was to investigate the thermal properties of dark chocolates and fats extracted from these chocolates using thermal methods of food analysis, such as differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). The profile of fatty acids in the fat extracted from the chocolates was also determined. The presence of three fatty acids (palmitic P, stearic S, and oleic O) constituting triacylglycerols—SOS, POP, POS, POO, and SOO—was observed in all the samples. The presence of linoleic acid (L) was also found, which forms triacylglycerols such as PLP and PLS. The researched chocolates were characterized by a diverse composition of fatty acids. In all the obtained DSC melting curves of fats, the presence of endothermic peaks was observed. The peaks, appearing at negative temperatures, may be caused by the transition of low-melting triacylglycerols. The differences between the melting curves for the obtained dark chocolate fats may have resulted from the presence of less stable polymorphic forms of cocoa butter. Based on the shape of the TG and DTG curves, it could be possible to indicate the adulteration of chocolates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food safety is a major public health issue of global concern. In recent years, the CRISPR/Cas system has shown promise in the field of molecular detection. The system has been coupled with various nucleic acid amplification methods and combined with different signal output systems to develop a new generation of CRISPR/Cas-based nucleic acid biosensor technology. This review describes the design concept of the CRISPR/Cas-based nucleic acid biosensor and its application in food analysis. A detailed overview of different CRISPR/Cas systems, signal amplification methods, and signal output strategies is provided. CRISPR/Cas-based nucleic acid biosensors have the advantages of high sensitivity, strong specificity, and timeliness, achieving fast analysis of a variety of targets, including bacteria, toxins, metal ions, pesticides, veterinary drugs, and adulteration, promoting the development of rapid food safety detection technology. At the end, we also provide our outlook for the future development of CRISPR/Cas-based nucleic acid biosensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of antimicrobials is essential for the aquaculture sector; however, their misuse is cause for concern because it could adversely affect the environment and human health. Irresponsible use of antimicrobials can lead to antimicrobial resistance and result in the presence of unwanted residues in aquaculture products. The establishment of maximum residue limits (MRLs) for antimicrobials is of great importance for monitoring their correct use, but the lack of harmonized standards as well as the regulatory gaps for the aquatic products create a challenging situation, as it is reflected in import notifications related to food safety. This paper collects information about current MRLs for antimicrobials in aquatic commodities in the main importing and exporting countries of aquatic products and compares them with each other and with MRLs set by Codex Alimentarius. This analysis highlighted the need for Codex Alimentarius guidance regarding MRLs for nine antimicrobials in aquaculture products (chlortetracycline, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, florfenicol, sulfadimethoxine + ormetoprim, sulfamerazine, tetracycline, and trimethoprim). This paper shows that there is still work to do to implement exhaustive science‐based international standards for residues permitted in aquatic commodities and promote harmonization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]