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Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Economics & Social Sciences is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since agriculture is an important sector of the Russian economy, the problem of lack of capital in this sector is still relevant. The article shows that in the era of digital technologies, new sources of fundraising are emerging in the agro-industrial complex. Crowdfunding is one of such modern sources of financing in the world practice which is able to significantly expand the basis of the investment pyramid of the agricultural sector. In the course of the study, a review of domestic and foreign literature on this method of raising funds was conducted. General scientific methods were used: observation, comparison, measurement, analysis and synthesis, the method of logical reasoning, and specific scientific method of static analysis. A critical review of domestic and foreign practice has shown the main advantages and disadvantages of attracting financing through crowdfunding platforms. Also, as a result of the conducted research, it was found that this way of attracting investments not only solves problems of financing the agricultural sector, but is also a successful method for agricultural enterprises to enter foreign markets. In the era of innovative finance, this article contributes to the growing literature and initiatives to introduce and develop crowdfunding in the agri-food industry.

This article reviews advertising tools and analyzes their importance. The advantages of advertising media have been researched and their characteristics have been provided. Attention is also paid to modern advertising campaign tools that companies use to promote their products and services in foreign markets. With an emphasis on the dynamics of globalization and digitalization, the latest trends and innovations in the field of marketing and advertising are analyzed, allowing to effectively reach target audiences in different parts of the world. Particular attention is paid to how companies adapt their advertising strategies to changing consumer requirements and preferences in international markets and, further, how technological innovations affect the choice of tools for advertising campaigns. Various tools are described, including digital media, social media networks, influencer marketing, contextual advertising, SEO optimization, and other digital channels that currently are at the forefront of advertising activity. There is a strong focus on the interactive and personalized aspects of digital marketing, which provide businesses with the opportunity to build deeper and more emotional connections with their customers. Previously unexplored parts of the general problem are highlighted, in particular, the difficulties of measuring the effectiveness of various advertising tools in international markets and the adaptation of marketing strategies to the cultural characteristics of different countries. The aim of the article is to determine the most efficient modern tools of the advertising campaign for the international market and to develop recommendations for companies seeking to expand their presence abroad; outlining the methodological and practical aspects of the process of managing marketing tools at enterprises. The efficiency of each tool was evaluated on the basis of information obtained from scientific sources, using observational and abstract methods, as well as comparative analysis. Different levels of strategies are considered, along with the main tools for each level. The major performance indicators of the marketing campaign are analyzed in order to determine further directions for improving the campaign. When implementing any marketing campaign in the digital space, digital tools create many opportunities and threats for companies that need to be considered in order to minimize possible setbacks at launch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cotton crop is considered one of the economics crops that contribute to financing the state’s development plans. Despite the importance of the cotton crop, it suffered from distorted price policies, which resulted in a decrease in its area by about 49.06% during the period (2005-2022). Consequently, total production decreased by about 149.4%, so the research aimed to study the impact of agricultural policy in general and price policy in particular on cotton crop production. It also aimed to identify the most important problems facing crop farmers. The research reached many results, including: a higher growth rate in production costs, which was estimated at about 13.1% than the growth rate in farm prices, which amounted to about 12.4%. Which led to a decrease in the growth rate in the net return compared to the total costs, reaching 11%, especially with the fluctuation of acreage productivity around its arithmetic average during the study period. The average quantity of cotton exports during the period (2005-2022) reached about 74.55 thousand tons, with an estimated value of about 160.32 million dollars. The results also showed that cotton farmers suffer from many problems, including the lack of a guarantee price that protects the product from the impact of price distortions. The results of the statistical analysis of the policy analysis matrix showed a decrease in support directed to production requirements, which amounted to 7%. Farmers also bear implicit taxes and subsidies to the consumer estimated at about 55.8% of the revenue based on international prices. The study of Egyptian cotton markets also showed that there is no competitive advantage for the price of Egyptian cotton within these markets. Based on these results, the research reached several recommendations, including: the necessity of announcing a guarantee price. rewarding for the farmer, Guidance greater support for production requirements, working to study foreign markets and their export requirements to develop marketing and export plans to avoid transforming those markets into other markets competing with Egyptian cotton [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the reduction of transportation costs that occurred in the second half of the 20th century, these costs remain a significant obstacle to effective entry into the global market for landlocked countries and regions. This article investigates the relationship between the scale of transportation costs by types of products and distance to target markets using the example of the directions of trade and commodity composition of Mongolia's exports. The principle of "relative transportability of products" is formulated and an original methodology is used to assess the distribution of Mongolia's export products based on an analysis of their transportability by distance. It is established that exports of low-transportability mineral commodities (coal, iron ore, oil, and ores and concentrates of nonferrous metals) are almost exclusively limited to neighboring countries, primarily China. The main reason for that pattern is the high transportation costs for bulk mineral commodities, which limits the possibilities of transporting them across large distances due to the significantly decreasing cost-effectiveness. Meanwhile, more expensive Mongolian products (gold, clothing, wool, etc.) are exported to more distant countries. The spatial distribution and transportability of Mongolian exports by border crossing points with Russia and China are determined. It is established that railway transport is the predominant mode of transportation for bulk cargo. It is concluded that the highest priority direction of export specialization in Mongolia is increasing the processing depth of raw materials to semifinished or finished products, thereby significantly increasing cost-effective transportation distances and expanding the area of foreign trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the key aspects of the process of Ukrainian companies entering the global market: prerequisites and factors influencing the international development of companies during expansion and establishment in the context of modern competitive relations; forms of business and enterprise development. A brief structural analysis of the main development strategies of companies in the conditions of entering the markets of other countries is carried out, examples of the strategies of international development of large domestic companies, international cooperation and the construction of successful enterprises are given. The main trends of the entry of domestic companies into the international business environment are highlighted and the features of competitive opportunities of Ukrainian enterprises are revealed, the problems of competitiveness of Ukrainian companies in the international business arena are analyzed. It is analyzed how global economic processes affect the international division of production factors and the territorial location of productive forces. International competition, globalization of markets, large-scale penetration of foreign goods into the Ukrainian market transfer the problem of managing the competitiveness of the enterprise to the number of priority management tasks, the successful solution of which will ensure the survival and development of enterprises in the new environment. The globalization of the world economy opens up unprecedented opportunities for the development of international business, the characteristic features of which are: accessibility and generality, gradual development, the possibility of carrying out activities in real time, covering all markets of goods and services with the help of telecommunications. The importance and value of business for the world economy is determined by maintaining a competitive market environment, which is a key function at all stages of the development of the world economy. Modern competition is the competition of new companies in terms of strategy, production organization and business culture. The key factors of the successful development of domestic and international companies, such as investment attraction, the use of scientific and innovative developments, and the use of organizational and management experience, were studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article assesses the importance of the Russian Federation for global agricultural markets, describes relevant risks associated with the conflict in Ukraine and proposes ways to address the challenges of exporting Russian products to international markets in order to prevent famine and social problems in the world. The study includes an overview of Russian and foreign specialised literature, which allowed to systematize the ways to achieve the goal set that had already been proposed and develop new ones. Logical, economic and statistical methods as well as the methods of synthesis, system and SWOT analysis served as a basis for the study. Using the methods of theoretical analysis, the authors identified specific features of the Russian and global markets’ advancement. Economic and statistical methods provided an opportunity to describe trends and factors that determine the direction of the grain market’s development. Fundamental food security problems as well risks associated with the dependency of various states on the imports of feed and fertilizers from Ukraine and the Russian Federation were examined. A conclusion according to which the ambiguous geopolitical situation can hinder food exporting to many countries was made. The importance of restructuring the logistics system of grain supplies at the current stage was proved, and measures aimed at countering critical challenges of and threats to exporting agricultural products from the Russian Federation were proposed.

Adapting to the needs of their international partners represents a key challenge for international business relationship management. Jordan companies face the challenge of serving a wide range of interests of their foreign business partners. To meet this challenge, international managers need to go beyond their local business model and find new ways of collaborating in the global arena. The capability to cooperate with international business partners of Jordan companies lies in sharing resources and coordinating international strategy and business relationship management. This article investigates relevant topics related to internationalization strategies of Jordan companies, from managerial lens: interest for international expansion, experience in international business, development of capabilities to approach foreign markets, readiness for international expansion, governmental support for international business and expectations related to international expansion.

Given the trends of 2020-2021, namely changes in the lifestyle of the world's population due to quarantine restrictions, it should be noted that the market of smokehouses, grills, barbecues and accessories to them was changed significantly. The study considers the segmentation of producers of smokehouses, grills and barbecues by type of product (gas, electric, coal) and consumer use (commercial and domestic). The dynamics of development of the world market of smokehouses, grills, barbecues and accessories to them in 2015-2025 is characterized (according to forecasts). The analysis of the regional structure of production and sales is carried out. The key players in the world market of smokehouses, barbecues, grills, barbecues and accessories to them were identified. Innovative solutions of manufacturers in recent years in this market were presented. It is concluded that the global and Ukrainian market of barbecues and grills is showing a positive trend in recent years, i.e. it has opportunities for growth as the number of restaurants and hotels increases and more and more people choose barbecue food. Priority steps are proposed for the entry of Ukrainian producers of smokehouses, grills, barbecues and accessories to them, which are not world market leaders in foreign markets. It is noted that it is difficult for Ukrainian producers to compete for the expansion of foreign markets. However, an effective tool in this case is the development of an effective marketing strategy, as well as the transfer of some tasks from the marketing of foreign markets to outsourcing. Accordingly, the identification of trends and prospects for the world market of smokehouses, grills, barbecues and accessories allows Ukrainian producers to develop and implement an export strategy to increase competitiveness and introduce the latest innovative technologies.

While the conditions of the world markets functioning factors change, it is required the development of a new effective strategy for food security in the Russian Federation. The global economic shock caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, changes in the structure and volume of world trade, and political crises in a number of EAEU member states also force us to pay special attention to food security. The relevance of this research is due to: 1) the processes of globalisation and integration of national markets, which is why new foreign economic and foreign trade relations are increasingly being formed; 2) the crisis of the coronavirus pandemic, which is why many foreign trade processes in Russia and a number of other countries are disrupted; 3) the commodity groups under consideration, the uncontrolled volume of exports of which can cause a food threat to the country. The purpose of the study is to analyse the problems of assessing food security within the country in the implementation of foreign economic activity and the supply of agro-industrial complex goods to foreign markets. The objectives of the study are to identify ways to assess food security. Measurement tools are proposed that help to assess food security at the national level, assess household access to food and its purchase, and also allow measuring food consumption and use. To date, the solution of this problem is one of the main tasks, both within individual regions and the country as a whole.

Due to the economy digitalization and the e-commerce systems development, it is impossible to enter the foreign market without ensuring company’s presence in the global digital commercial space. Ukrainian exporters, which are trying to enter foreign markets should use multi-channel product promotion strategies including online channels. The article purpose is to study the advantages and disadvantages of using online channels for promoting products and services in foreign markets for small and medium enterprises. As a result of the study, the distinctive characteristics and features of using different online channels to promote products in foreign markets (different types of e-commerce sites, social networks and marketplaces) have been identified, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of their using for Ukrainian companies’ export activities. Also, as a result of the study, the questions for diagnostics of the company's readiness to use a multi-channel strategy for online promotion of goods in foreign markets have been formulated. It has been determined that companies that choose a multi-channel strategy and global coverage of e-commerce markets should choose international marketplaces, as they allow them to start selling globally quickly and easily. It is established that Ukrainian companies should take into account and adapt to an important trend of recent years - the intensification of M-commerce (mobile commerce). The study highlights the main most popular marketplaces in the world, which an exporter should focus on to promote products, and factors that should be considered for choosing a marketplace. This will allow exporters to make decisions for developing a marketing strategy for promoting products and services in foreign markets.

The high importance of exports of mineral raw materials for the economy of Mongolia and the weakening of its foreign trade interactions with Russia are revealed. It has been established that the value of Mongolian exports for a number of mineral raw materials exceeds Russian ones and has serious growth prospects. Using the example of coal and copper exports, the real prerequisites for the emergence of risks of competition between the exporters of Mongolia and the eastern regions of Russia for foreign markets of mineral raw materials in the near future are revealed. From an economic and geographical point of view, the strengths and weaknesses of the competitiveness of Mongolia and Russia in these markets are compared. The main disadvantage for Russia in comparison with Mongolia is its less advantageous transport and geographical position relative to the key Chinese sales market. The main ways to reduce the severity of competition between exporters of Mongolia and the eastern regions of Russia for external raw materials markets in the context of modern geopolitical challenges are proposed: a wide diversification of export deliveries of mineral raw materials to many countries around the world (primarily a reorientation to East, Southeast, and South Asia) and an increase in processing into semifinished products or finished products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the fact that the general struggle for investment resources, both at the state level and at the regional level, forces us to study the essence, content of the investment process, the forms of interaction between its participants in more depth and in detail, assess the investment potential of individual sectors of the economy and look for ways to improve its efficiency. When studying the investment attractiveness of economic sectors, such a methodology was used, which includes three stages: 1) assessment of the socio-economic situation of the region and determination of its rating in Russia; 2) analysis of the dynamics and structure of investments in fixed assets; 3) identification of benefits that provide investment incentives for external investors in the regional system and deter conditions for the development of investment activity. It has been revealed that there is a significant gap between regions in terms of investment activity in the Russian economy, which contradicts the principle of a single economic space of the country. The Kirov region is analysed in relation to other regions of the country in terms of the indicators under consideration. The most attractive sectors of the region’s economy for investors have been identified. The article shows how important it is to assess the investment attractiveness of individual sectors of the economy of the Kirov region in order to offer the most profitable investment projects in the future.

This study aims to help managers develop a proper strategy and policy for their company's future. After the global COVID-19 pandemic, developed countries decided to change their production and relocate and re-industrialize. The U.S.'s big electronics and automobile companies are not an exception to this rule. The lithium batteries are the main instrument of mobile phone and electric vehicles. The leading lithium battery supplier for the U.S mobile phone companies is China. Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile (in South America) have some of the largest lithium mines in the world; these countries are known as the lithium triangle. Among the 86 million tonnes of lithium resources worldwide, 49.9 million tonnes exist in this area. The researchers in this study surveyed the best country for constructing a battery for companies in the U.S. Because of the growth of electric vehicles and their use of the lithium battery, the world is facing astronomical prices for lithium. To emphasize this issue and help managers create good policy, this study combined multiple methods. The improved suitability-feasibility-acceptability (SFA) strategy is integrated with the Bayesian best-worst method (BBWM) and measurement of alternatives and rankings according to compromise solution (MARCOS) multicriteria methods to determine the best destination. For comparison, based on the SFA strategy, seven criteria are introduced: commercially viable reserves, national minimum wage, corporate income tax, accessibility to mining companies, accessibility to the waterway, population, and political stability index. The Bayesian BWM analysis reveals that the foremost factor is corporate income tax, whereas MARCOS's findings indicate that Chile is the best country to construct the lithium battery industry. To verify the proposed approach, a comparison analysis also is performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the formation of agri-food chains in foreign markets and the calculation of value added losses in export-import operations of agri-food. It is established that the share of the agricultural sector in the GDP of Ukraine is 10.2% at the lowest value added per employee 4801.4 dollars. USA. It is estimated that in 2010–2019, in the structure of Ukraine's exports, agricultural products provided 19% of foreign exchange earnings in 2011 and 40% in 2019, which is evidence of the strengthening of export positions of the studied sector of the economy in foreign markets. It was revealed that in 2019 the share of agri-food products was 44.3%, or 22.2 billion dollars. US, or increased by 19% compared to 2018, while total exports from the country during this period increased by only 6%. It is determined that in the structure of exports of agri-food products the share of plant products is 58%, and in the commodity structure of exports the largest share falls on cereals - 74%, as well as oilseeds - 20%. It is concluded that the export of agricultural food in 2010–2019 is formed by raw materials, while the value added of processed products - sunflower oil, poultry meat - is higher than that of grain. Threats to the functioning of agri-food supply chains to foreign markets caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and government actions of the world and Ukraine to ensure food security are systematized. It is substantiated that the structure of Ukraine's foreign trade is rational, as raw materials predominate in supplies to foreign markets, and technically complex products dominate in the structure of imports. It is estimated that the foreign trade balance of goods and services in 2019 is negative in the amount of 3.7 billion dollars, but improved by 2.5 billion dollars. relative to the 2018 figure. It is substantiated that in order to achieve a positive value of the foreign trade balance of Ukraine it is necessary to stimulate the development of food industries, ie products with high added value. It is analyzed that the increase in exports of agricultural raw materials leads to a shortfall in value added, and, consequently, the state budget loses significant revenues in the form of value added tax (processed agricultural products are subject to VAT on its exports), tax on profit, export duty (rate 18%, for the export of live farm animals). It was found that the value structure of agricultural imports is dominated by the group of "finished food products" (45%); the second position of agri-food imports is occupied by products of plant origin, the share of which is 31%; third - products of animal origin, whose share in the structure of imports is about 18%. It is suggested that state support instruments, such as VAT refunds, should only be used to stimulate high value-added industries.

The South African government is putting policies, strategies and programmes in place with the intention of establishing an empowering environment for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. To make this a success, a thorough understanding of the factors that might influence their export propensity is necessary. The aim of this article was to examine the drivers influencing the export propensity of South African Small and Medium-sized enterprises. A quantitative, descriptive research design was implemented. Management experience was identified as the most significant factor influencing export propensity. The willingness of the business leader to participate in export-related activities largely correlate with management commitment as well as marketing capabilities, this correlation was also evident between management experience and government support as well as between management commitment and marketing capabilities and lastly between marketing capabilities and access to information. Marketing capabilities, government support, as well as management commitment had an impact on business performance (turnover). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the directions of a global expansion of the Polish food industry companies and examines their strategic goals, motivations and methods of entering the foreign markets. The discussion is based on the quantitative research, conducted in 2018, among 250 Polish food companies selected from three food industry groups (10.7, 10.1,10.3) according to the list of codes of Polish Classification of Activities. The Polish food companies perceive foreign markets as an opportunity for growth by increasing profits, acquiring new customers, increasing sales and strengthening the position as well as the potential of the company. The EU is a preferable direction of expansion. The companies find the EU members' markets locally convenient, stable and with business-friendly conditions. The paper complements the studies on internationalisation of the food sector companies, in particular in a static approach which constitutes the degree of company independence in implementing the market entry strategies and illustrates the intensity of the internationalisation process of the business.

This paper contributes to the existing literature on geographical indications and, in particular, on the economic analysis of vegetables bearing a Protected Geographical Indication label. This study deals with the niche topic of methodologies that may be used to select ideal foreign markets for the Radicchio Rosso di Treviso. The aim is to suggest an adequate investigative methodology for identifying the foreign countries that are most suitable targets for promotional strategies. The specific analysis considers many variables, chosen with a view to selecting eligible markets, and ultimately draws up a consistent ranking of the five best nations. To determine the most promising country, the Overall Market Opportunity Index (OMOI) method has been used. This focuses on the most relevant indicators for each of the seven categories used to assess their appeal. The findings show that Denmark can be the best market for focusing the segmentation strategies of the Treviso Radicchio. After this, policy and business implications are addressed and opportunities for future research into emerging related issues are suggested. Strengthening the ranking analysis methodologies used for selecting target markets for the companies that produce Made in Italy luxury foods can also help improve such companies’ competitive profile on international markets [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to analyze the specific role of joint ventures and other strategic alliances in Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) carried out by Chinese Multinationals Corporations in Central Africa. After exploring the extent to which the use of Sino‑Western joint ventures has helped Chinese firms to improve their technical and managerial skills both in domestic and foreign markets, the focus shifts to Central African countries members of the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS). The result is that joint ventures have become a major vehicle for Chinese multinationals firms to channel FDI, thus supporting the hypothesis that in the region under study this strategy allows them to guarantee the supply of raw materials (oil and mining products: copper, cobalt, gold, diamond,..), as part of a “package deals” linking FDI, Chinese Aid and Trade, also known as “Angolan model”; to conquer foreign markets (for technology and manufactured goods “Made in China”) and; to a lesser extent, to acquire strategic assets (brands, technological innovation, managerial skills).The commitment of Chinese stateowned MNCs through the “package deals” appears to be the keystone of stability and sustainability of Chinese FDI in Central Africa and in the continent In conclusion, the expectation is that the flow of Chinese FDI to Central Africa, should contribute to the process of sustainable development in recipient countries, provided that adequate political and economic governance is guaranteed. A pre‑requisite is to achieve institutional change, from a rent‑seeking to a developmental behavior at the state level, the result being an enhanced capacity to promote engineering potential, through the strengthening of human capital, and to negotiate transfer of technology and know‑how, with emerging countries partners, especially BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa)

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to form a positive balance of foreign trade activity of the Republic of Belarus. The main task is to achieve the excess of exports over imports by type of economic activity in the context of goods and services, regions and strategic partners. It is necessary to reduce the negative balance of foreign trade in goods over the years and increase the share of goods and services with a positive balance. Given the favorable geographical location of the Republic of Belarus and the fact that it is a transit state through which a large number of material flows are imported and exported, the formation of logistics supply chains of goods takes place, there is a great need to increase transport and logistics services. The object of research is foreign trade and the logistics market of the Republic of Belarus, the economic policy of the state, which determines their role and relationships. The aim of the study is a comprehensive, systematic analysis of the main trends in the development of foreign trade of the Republic of Belarus, emerging problems of export and logistics efficiency, the formation of the role of logistics in increasing the export potential of the state and the development of ways to increase it. The scientific novelty of the study: on the basis of official statistical information, an assessment is made of the economic efficiency of exports, the possibilities of logistics in increasing the export of goods and services of the Republic of Belarus are shown, problems are identified and directions for increasing it are developed. In the author’s opinion, the insufficient effectiveness of the participation of logistics in increasing the export of goods and services is due to the lack of regional centers for the formation and management of logistics chains for the supply of goods and services to foreign sales markets.

This study aims to help managers develop a proper strategy and policy for their company’s future. After the global COVID-19 pandemic, developed countries decided to change their production and relocate and re-industrialize. The U.S.’s big electronics and automobile companies are not an exception to this rule. The lithium batteries are the main instrument of mobile phone and electric vehicles. The leading lithium battery supplier for the U.S mobile phone companies is China. Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile (in South America) have some of the largest lithium mines in the world; these countries are known as the lithium triangle. Among the 86 million tonnes of lithium resources worldwide, 49.9 million tonnes exist in this area. The researchers in this study surveyed the best country for constructing a battery for companies in the U.S. Because of the growth of electric vehicles and their use of the lithium battery, the world is facing astronomical prices for lithium. To emphasize this issue and help managers create good policy, this study combined multiple methods. The improved suitability-feasibility-acceptability (SFA) strategy is integrated with the Bayesian best-worst method (BBWM) and measurement of alternatives and rankings according to compromise solution (MARCOS) multicriteria methods to determine the best destination. For comparison, based on the SFA strategy, seven criteria are introduced: commercially viable reserves, national minimum wage, corporate income tax, accessibility to mining companies, accessibility to the waterway, population, and political stability index. The Bayesian BWM analysis reveals that the foremost factor is corporate income tax, whereas MARCOS’s findings indicate that Chile is the best country to construct the lithium battery industry. To verify the proposed approach, a comparison analysis also is performed.

Copyright of Amman Arab University Journal is the property of Amman Arab University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main purpose of the article is substantiating the expediency of use of crowdmarketing and developing a mechanism for its use to enhance the export activity of enterprise. The marketing aspects of enterprise promotion in the global market are studied. The essence and main tasks of crowdmarketing are defined, its advantages and disadvantages are analyzed and generalized. The application of crowdmarketing has a number of limitations related to its specificity, which led to the development of a mechanism for the implementation of crowdmarketing for its efficient use by exporting enterprises. For realization of tasks of crowdmarketing, the article systematizes various systems and services, allowing to form network communities, where enterprises have possibility of communication with the target audience. The main services of crowdmarketing include: thematic forums, feedback sites, question-answer sites, social networks, trading platforms, blogs and articles in the media. The conclusions on expediency of use of crowdmarketing by enterprises-exporters at entering foreign markets are generalized.

The article is aimed at researching the possibilities for strengthening the competitive positions of Ukrainian dairy producers in the international markets. The cause-and-effect relations of modern tendencies in development of dairy industry branch of Ukraine are analyzed. The status and tendencies of export of national dairy products to foreign markets are determined. A number of external factors have been identified, preventing Ukrainian producers to more actively supply dairy products to the international market. Measures to strengthen the positions of Ukrainian dairy producers in foreign markets in the context of ensuring the adaptiveness of the enterprises of the branch are suggested.

The paper discusses the directions of a global expansion of the Polish food industry companies and examines their strategic goals, motivations and methods of entering the foreign markets. The discussion is based on the quantitative research, conducted in 2018, among 250 Polish food companies selected from three food industry groups (10.7, 10.1,10.3) according to the list of codes of Polish Classification of Activities. The Polish food companies perceive foreign markets as an opportunity for growth by increasing profits, acquiring new customers, increasing sales and strengthening the position as well as the potential of the company. The EU is a preferable direction of expansion. The companies find the EU members' markets locally convenient, stable and with business-friendly conditions. The paper complements the studies on internationalisation of the food sector companies, in particular in a static approach which constitutes the degree of company independence in implementing the market entry strategies and illustrates the intensity of the internationalisation process of the business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving the quality and competitiveness of the domestic investment equipment is a prerequisite for the effective reproduction process of the industries of the real sector of the Russian economy. Export-oriented development of machinery industries producing investment machinery is the way to increase the competitiveness of both machinery and related industries. The article estimates structural changes in the nomenclature and geography of investment equipment export. The types of investment machinery most in demand in the world market are determined, and the indicators of export of key types of investment machinery to the markets of non-CIS countries and CIS countries are analyzed. Traditional and emerging markets for export of domestic investment machinery are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is devoted to analysis of interdependence and correlation between competition and competitiveness, and competition’s consequences. The author analysed some authors’ visions on competitiveness, and common features between theories of competition and competitiveness. Using the synthetic indicator elaborated by author has been evaluated the competitiveness of domestic goods on the internal and external market. At the end of this article, the author has developed proposals to increase competitiveness.

In the article the problem of advancing the international competitiveness of industry has been highlighted in the context of the impact on getting out the crises in the country and forming preconditions for economic growth. The study is based on an empirical basis of metallurgical industries of Ukraine, which has traditionally focused largely on international markets. The advancing international competitiveness of these enterprises is particularly topical and important for getting over the crisis and forming a trajectory of economic development of the country. The system of the factors has been represented and analysed, the priorities for advancing the international competitiveness of metallurgical industryJSC "Zaporizhstar.Recommendations to improve the competitiveness of the analysed enterprise have been formulated and common priorities for improving the international competitiveness of steel companies determining the possibility of positive impact on getting over the crisis and economic development at the level of companies, as well as at the level of Ukraine’s economy have been identified.

Italian agro-food is the third industry in Europe, after Germany and France. The connection between culture and territory has made the Mediterranean dieta a value for the whole humanity. The relevance of agrofood industry for Italian economy leads us to investigate geographical strategies to promote the ‘Made in Italy’ in the world. We present results of some cases studies of agro-food firms. Our article offers an innovative perspective for promoting Italian agro-food industry in the world. It reinforces the idea that both technological and non-technological innovations have to be realized to support geographical diversification of firms.

The current research has two aims. Firstly, starting from the premises of the Resource-Based View (RBV) to know how specific internal factors (resources and export commitment) can influence an exporting firm’s level of entrepreneurship in foreign markets. Secondly, to find out what the effect of export entrepreneurship is on business results. The relationships proposed are clearly reflected in a conceptual model which will be verified from a multisectorial sample of 212 Spanish exporting firms. The results reveal that: a) export entrepreneurship positively depends on export commitment and the resources associated with experience and structure; b) there is a positive effect of the level of export entrepreneurship on business results. It is recommended that export firms develop accelerated internationalization processes, be present in numerous countries simultaneously and have a high export intensity.

Copyright of Ekonomika APK is the property of Economy of Argo-Industrial Complex and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ekonomika APK is the property of Economy of Argo-Industrial Complex and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Entering foreign markets can be an opportunity for some brands. Expansion contributes to developing competitiveness, building a brand and increasing profits, which will be reflected in overall business performance in a market environment. In this article, we elaborate on the identification data of the Starbucks brand. We identify the international environment and the current marketing strategy of the brand. We also focus on defining its marketing performance with regard to the application of the current strategy in the international environment when entering the target foreign market. Based on the analyzed data on the brand and performance, we approach the probabilistic analysis in order to identify the right foreign market. The performed analysis consists of two basic stages. The first step is a rough selection analysis and a fine selection analysis. In the discussion part, we define the advantages and limitations of the brand’s entry into a new foreign market. We support the individual statements with the results of a coarse and fine selection analysis. We also describe the use and limitations of the brand’s cooperation strategy in the future. In the final part of the article, we identify the identified statements with the current marketing strategy and suggest the direction of its development when entering a new foreign market.