Search

While confidentiality is often cited as an advantage of arbitration over litigation, state involvement in investment arbitrations calls for a higher degree of transparency. Thus, confidentiality practices in investment arbitration have come under harsh criticism. Such criticism has to do, at least in part, with developments in the field of human rights law culminating in the recognition of the right to access information as a human right along with a duty of states to divulge information by regional human rights courts. This criticism has already brought about a change in investment arbitration. ICSID amended its rules of procedure in 2006 and more recently in 2022. UNCITRAL also annexed a set of rules regarding transparency in treaty-based arbitration to its arbitration rules. Finally, in 2015, United Nations Convention on Transparency in Treaty-based Arbitration was concluded in an effort to maximize transparency. This study deals with how transparency and confidentiality interact where they appear to be most conflicting, that is to say in international investment arbitration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper conducts an analysis of the concept of "good administration" in contrast to the concept of "flawed administration", with both concepts being examined through the lens of free access to public information. Issues related to access to public information are often timely and can have a significant impact on society and political processes. Therefore, research in this field can be particularly relevant and can capture public attention. Transparent and responsible public administration is essential for good governance. This theme can contribute to identifying issues of flawed administration in the domain of public information communication and can provide solutions for enhancing governmental transparency. The uniqueness of the theme lies in its multifaceted approach, including transparency and administrative responsibility, legislation concerning access to public information, as well as the use of specific case studies to illustrate issues related to this topic. Thus, in this article, we will present several pertinent cases from judicial practice that illustrate how flawed administration is often linked to the denial or restriction of access to public information.

Paying Public Domain (PPD) is probably a contradictory phrase for everyone firmly attached to the idea of free-access and no-remuneration public domain. With French origin, the domaine public payant is an incentive to creativity, applied to creations already in the public domain because of their expired copyright protection or rather when they are legally excluded from it. This paper aims to explain the PPD regimes still standing and analyze how they are applied. Albania is among the countries with the PPD related to an important cultural heritage: folklore. The paper clarifies the role of the PPD and its characteristics and highlights the need to activate it by proposing concrete legal measures in achieving this goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper conducts an analysis of the concept of "good administration" in contrast to the concept of "flawed administration", with both concepts being examined through the lens of free access to public information. Issues related to access to public information are often timely and can have a significant impact on society and political processes. Therefore, research in this field can be particularly relevant and can capture public attention. Transparent and responsible public administration is essential for good governance. This theme can contribute to identifying issues of flawed administration in the domain of public information communication and can provide solutions for enhancing governmental transparency. The uniqueness of the theme lies in its multifaceted approach, including transparency and administrative responsibility, legislation concerning access to public information, as well as the use of specific case studies to illustrate issues related to this topic. Thus, in this article, we will present several pertinent cases from judicial practice that illustrate how flawed administration is often linked to the denial or restriction of access to public information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract\nPoints Of INTERESTSTo many disabled people, the pandemic creates a reversed society to imagine the social model of disability reconstructing ideals of ‘able’ or ‘normal’ within a disabling environment. Drawing on the in-depth interviews we conducted, this study reveals how disabled people have re-imagined a reversed society created by the pandemic on three levels: the re-imagined physical space of free access, the re-imagined mental space of the abled-self, and the re-imagined social space with equal rights, which indicates expectations for barrier-free environments, affirmation of disability identity, and institutional support through various approaches. The re-imagined social model attempts to conceptualize the nature of disability, with a more complex understanding of disability and disabling environment; additionally, it reveals how the ability of society to systematically and interrelatedly excluded disabled people throughout everyday lives. Meanwhile, the scholars advocate for concrete approaches to deconstruct structural inequalities for the expectations to be practicably applied.The authors interviewed disabled people who were isolated at home in China during the pandemic to find out how the environment impacted their daily lives.Interestingly, disabled people felt that during the pandemic, the world seemed to turn upside down, with disabled people becoming non-disabled, and non-disabled people becoming disabled.This reversed world is more friendly to disabled people as their lives are no worse or perhaps even better than those of non-disabled people.This finding confirms what the social model has suggested: that it is the social structure of the environment that creates barriers for disabled people.However, the environment created by the pandemic is only temporary; more concrete actions are needed to support the social inclusion of disabled people.The authors interviewed disabled people who were isolated at home in China during the pandemic to find out how the environment impacted their daily lives.Interestingly, disabled people felt that during the pandemic, the world seemed to turn upside down, with disabled people becoming non-disabled, and non-disabled people becoming disabled.This reversed world is more friendly to disabled people as their lives are no worse or perhaps even better than those of non-disabled people.This finding confirms what the social model has suggested: that it is the social structure of the environment that creates barriers for disabled people.However, the environment created by the pandemic is only temporary; more concrete actions are needed to support the social inclusion of disabled people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors distributed a survey to faculty in all academic ranks and in all Colleges of Oregon State University (OSU) to learn the extent to which they currently make their research openly available, ascertain their awareness of Open Access (OA), their support for OA and their preferences for achieving it. In total, 261 surveys were completed for a response rate of 10.3%. Most faculty demonstrated at least an introductory awareness of OA, so our subsequent outreach focused on more nuanced issues such as the monopolistic nature of key academic publishers and how rising publishing costs interacted with our institutional goals of sustainability and public good. Additionally, faculty members tended to have a strong grounding in the potential values of OA, but few had a strong sense of our libraries' budget or how much was devoted to subscription costs. Future outreach will address this knowledge gap with a more explicit explanation of our operational reality.

Previous studies have found that commercialized nonprofits may be less likely to offer free access to programs and services. This study draws on theoretical insights from the literature on nonprofit efficiency, the principal-agent problem, and nonprofit professionalism, going a step further to examine when commercialization leads to the exclusion of those unable to pay. Studying performing arts nonprofits in the United States from 2008 to 2016, the results suggest that the observed negative effects of commercialization on free access are not due to commercialized nonprofit leaders leaning towards efficiency through a cost-benefit mentality or pursuing their interests, but due partially to commercialized nonprofits moving toward professionalism. The findings have important implications for nonprofit professionalization, co-creation, and revenue portfolio management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This article presents a study of a conceptual model for a machine-actionable Data Management Plan (maDMP - Machine Actionable Data Management Plan) for the Brazilian setting conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Information and Technology (IBICT). The objectives were to analyse the existing tools; to consider the feasibility of developing a new solution from the very beginning, or adapting and remodeling an existing one; and to design the conceptual model considering the agents involved in the Brazilian research ecosystem. Methods: This article reports an exploratory study on the development of a conceptual model of a Data Management Plan for use in the Brazilian scenario. The Design Science Research method was used, a systematic process that allows researchers to study and describe a phenomenon and also design or prescribe solutions for a specific problem (Dresch et al., 2014). Results: A detailed comparative study of the existing development tools for DMPs is presented, in addition to a description of the design of the conceptual model of the Brazilian solution. The ideal scenario for this case is the improvement of the existing DMPTool tool, optimizing resources and development time. This robust instrument has accompanied the development of resources that will establish it a tool for creating DMPs that can be activated by machines. The study identifies the connections and exchanges of information necessary for the Brazilian Science ecosystem, in which the IBICT's DMP tool can play a centralizing and aggregating role.

During the period 2007-2021 the fund of the National Genebank in the Institute of Plant Genetic Resources – Sadovo is enriched with 12.454 accessions. 6.571 accessions are acquired through expeditions, conducted by national and international projects. A great diversity of cereal, grain legume and vegetable local varieties from home gardens and crop wild relatives from natural habitats are collected. There are 4.628 accessions, introduced from foreign genebanks or botanical gardens by international free exchange. 1.255 advanced cultivars and lines from breeding institutes in Bulgaria are preserved. The main purpose of data management is to identify the accession in the process of conservation, study, reproduction, free exchange and sustainable use of germplasm collections. The electronic register includes the following passport information: taxonomy, catalogue number, acquisition date and source, country of origin, donor, collecting site, ecology-geographical characterization, biological status, and type of storage, according to FAO/Bioversity descriptor. The standard allows Bulgarian ex situ collection to be published on the European Search Catalogue for Plant Genetic Resources EURISCO. National Inventory includes passport data of 69.768 accessions. From 2020 intelligent documentation system with specialized software, functional ontologies for free access to plant genetic resources for all stakeholders and assured security of records through blockchain technologies are being developed. This work is supported by Bulgarian National Science Fund under the project BGPlantNet “Establishment of National Information Network GenBank – Plant genetic resources”, and the obtained results will be applied in the National Research Program “Smart Crop Production”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Surveying authors at doctoral-granting institutions of higher education in Portugal, the authors in this paper aim to seek to determine the extent to which Portuguese researchers prefer that their work appears in open access journals or open access repositories resulting in improved access to quality, peer-reviewed scientific information and faster scientific and technological advances. The authors also seek to gauge Portuguese author's familiarity with open access, the importance they attach to open access when choosing a publication outlet, and to determine their preferences for achieving open access. Design/methodology/approach: The methodology adopted in this research is the case study. The case study intends to understand a complex social phenomenon through an in-depth study holistically. In May 2020, the authors distributed a survey to faculty in all academic ranks at 14 Portuguese higher education institutions to learn the extent to which Portuguese authors currently make their research openly available, ascertain their awareness of open access, their support of the European Union (EU) open access goal and their preferences for achieving open access. Findings: Researchers at Portuguese universities overwhelmingly are aware of arguments in favor of open access and believe that open access benefits researchers in their fields. Portuguese researchers regularly publish in open access journals and deposit their papers in institutional or disciplinary repositories. Research limitations/implications: 16.7% of 740 potential respondents completed the survey. The relatively low response rate prevents extrapolations from being made to the universe. The study was implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic, which, due to the disruption created in all sectors, made data collection complex and delayed its subsequent treatment. Originality/value: Similar studies have been conducted at individual universities and in particular disciplines to determine the degree to which their faculty authors are aware of open access, its benefits, and preferences for achieving it. A similar study of Bulgarian university authors was conducted in 2018. No previous study of Portuguese authors at institutions of higher education has been conducted. The results will be useful to Portuguese institutions of higher education and academic libraries to establish and revise open access outreach and implementation services that may be helpful to their faculty in meeting EU open access and funder open access requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open Science (OC) constitutes a new model of science based on collaborative work between academics, on the openness and transparency of all phases of research grouping a set of elements among open access, open data, new metrics and evaluation models. Goal: know the facilitating factors and the barriers that condition the implementation of OS in universities, especially open access, research data and the evaluation of science. Methodology: the responses of the research vice-chancellors of the 76 Spanish universities integrated into the CRUE were analysed, in a survey carried out between September and November 2021. The questionnaire, online, was made up of 53 items integrated into 13 questions. CRUE sent out the questionnaire. Results: with a response rate of 36.8 %; for the most part, the competences of the OS required the Vice-Rectorate for Research. The low frequency (18 %) with which universities specify criteria for the evaluation of their commitment to CA, the availability to almost all of them of a repository, stands out. Facilitating factors have been considered the coordination between the Vice-Rectorates and the library services and the importance given to research in the political agenda, the institutional conviction with change, among other factors. In relation to the evaluation, the vice-chancellors reject the use of the journal's impact factor, in favour of carrying out a qualitative assessment of the article, the use of citations and the consideration of the 'social impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the prospects of academic e-learning by evaluating our long-standing internet-based surgical learning program and to assess the impact of training on the presentation skills of our residents. The eventual goal is to search whether such models could be further developed by the European Surgical Association (ESA). Background: E-learning has become a major educational trend particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. For more than a decade, our academic tertiary center has released weekly video-lectures covering the entire abdominal-surgical curriculum for residents. All lessons were prepared under the supervision of specialized experts and recorded and edited by a professional film team before being released on a dedicated YouTube channel (https://www.usz.ch/surgical-resident-lectures). Methods: To date, our channel includes 120 presentations with more than 619,000 views. We conducted a survey among online users with a medical background and tested the benefits and potential for improvements of local stakeholders to collect individual reviews. Results: A total of 708 users from 106 countries participated in the survey. Continuing medical education (49%), specific questions (38%), and exam preparation (33%) were the main motivations for video viewing. The preferred topics were current guidelines (69%), latest research topics (59%), and complex surgical conditions (52%). Ninety-four percent of our local audience reported a positive learning experience. Conclusion: E-learning can improve local academic training and promote the global visibility of strong academic centers. Providing free and unrestricted expertise via social media is a novel and groundbreaking opportunity that fills a global education gap by dissemination of surgical education on an unprecedented scale. Expert associations such as the ESA may adopt similar formats and foster their perception as true beacons of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La ciencia abierta constituye un nuevo modelo de hacer ciencia basado en el trabajo colaborativo entre académicos, en la apertura y transparencia de todas las fases de la investigación, que agrupa un conjunto de elementos, entre los que destacan el acceso abierto, los datos abiertos, nuevas métricas y modelos de evaluación. Objetivos: conocer los factores facilitadores y las barreras que condicionan la implementación de la ciencia abierta en las universidades, con especial atención al acceso abierto, los datos de investigación y la evaluación de la ciencia. Metodología: se analizaron las respuestas de los vicerrectores de investigación de las 76 universidades españolas integradas en la CRUE a una encuesta realizada entre septiembre y noviembre de 2021. El cuestionario, en línea, lo componían 53 ítems integrados en 13 preguntas. La CRUE realizó el envío del cuestionario. Resultados: con una tasa de respuesta del 36,8 %; mayoritariamente las competencias de la ciencia abierta recaían en el vicerrectorado de investigación. Destaca la baja frecuencia (18 %) con la que las universidades especifican criterios para la evaluación de su compromiso con la ciencia abierta, y la disponibilidad en casi todas ellas de un repositorio. Se han considerado factores favorecedores la coordinación entre los vicerrectorados y los servicios bibliotecarios y la importancia que se concede a la investigación en la agenda política, el convencimiento institucional con el cambio, entre otros factores. En cuanto a la evaluación, los vicerrectores rechazan el uso del factor de impacto de la revista, a favor de la realización de una valoración cualitativa del artículo, del uso de las citas y de la consideración del impacto social.

Open Science (OC) constitutes a new model of science based on collaborative work between academics, on the openness and transparency of all phases of research grouping a set of elements among open access, open data, new metrics and evaluation models. Goal: know the facilitating factors and the barriers that condition the implementation of OS in universities, especially open access, research data and the evaluation of science. Methodology: the responses of the research vice-chancellors of the 76 Spanish universities integrated into the CRUE were analysed, in a survey carried out between September and November 2021. The questionnaire, online, was made up of 53 items integrated into 13 questions. CRUE sent out the questionnaire. Results: with a response rate of 36.8 %; for the most part, the competences of the OS required the Vice-Rectorate for Research. The low frequency (18 %) with which universities specify criteria for the evaluation of their commitment to CA, the availability to almost all of them of a repository, stands out. Facilitating factors have been considered the coordination between the Vice-Rectorates and the library services and the importance given to research in the political agenda, the institutional conviction with change, among other factors. In relation to the evaluation, the vice-chancellors reject the use of the journal's impact factor, in favour of carrying out a qualitative assessment of the article, the use of citations and the consideration of the social impact.

Copyright of Information Library Magazine 'INFOLIB' is the property of National Library of Uzbekistan named after Alisher Navoi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to present the freely-accessible, IIIF-based digital library of the Veneranda Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan: the Veneranda Biblioteca Ambrosiana joined the international IIIF community for providing high-quality digital content on the Internet. Each of us knows how important is to spread knowledge: today we can improve upon methods of the past decades, thanks to new Web-based technologies. Thanks to IIIF, to the image viewer Mirador and to the image server Cantaloupe, the Veneranda Biblioteca Ambrosiana makes its precious manuscript collections freely available online to users from all over the world. From the first years of the 17th century, this prestigious conservation library has managed and curated a special and unique collection of precious manuscripts, and – now as it was then – makes those masterpieces freely available for users from all over the world, both within its reading room and – today – through its new digital initiative.

The Digital Library – used here to connote a general category – aims to innovate the range of services offered to the public by ‘analogue libraries’ to a varied group of users. These services cross the multifaceted cases of public reading libraries (and a large and generalist pool of users), of university libraries (and an equally large pool of users made up of students, undergraduates, faculty, and researchers), and also extend to the world of conservation libraries, which attract a specialized niche audience, very often of international origin. The digitization of precious, ancient, books – both manuscript and printed – represents a great and complex challenge from many points of view (conceptual, design, implementation, logistics, economic, personnel management, etc.), but also the most intuitive way we have now to expand the services offered to users in digital form. In the (recent) past, many digital library initiatives have been carried out in this sense by individual library institutions, as well as by individual private programs or government projects, with variable results in terms of objectives actually achieved, sustainable permanence online, and their ability to effectively counteract the so-called ‘digital obsolescence’ by updating the entire technological infrastructure of the project itself, as well as the individual digital contents, to guarantee their survival. Nowadays, web- based technologies have evolved, increased, and standardized to such an extent that a new approach is possible for digital libraries in terms of usability, visualization, and multi-platform replication of digital content.

Industrial heritage combines historical, architectural and cultural values of the context in which it is located. In order for the spatial and architectural potential of these buildings to be used even after the loss of their initial purpose, the previous plants become the hub of new activity through repurposing and adjustment. This study is focused on the interpolation of hotel and business/trade activities within the previous industrial complex Belgrade "Steam Mill" where the practical issues related to the implementation of this entire process have been presented by means of a detailed analysis (case study). Repurposing of the old plant has been accepted as an evolutionary model of integrative protection. This paper names the shifts in the social and economic context of ex-Yugoslavia and adoption of new economic and cultural patterns as one of the causes for the abandonment of the Mill and its fall into disrepair. Accordingly, the contribution of this paper is based on an overview of a potential identification of a specific model for future actions in similar situations and in relation to the industrial heritage of the Republic of Serbia. The critical analysis of the results of Steam Mill repurposing presented in this paper implies the reviewing of both positive and negative aspects of the said process with the aim of understanding the significance of appropriate planning and use of future facilities in relation to the protection and promotion of cultural heritage values of general interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digital revolution has affected scientific production, communication and ways of preserving knowledge. The technology came to allow researchers to manage their digital content. The high prices of journal subscriptions, the control of some publishers over copyrights, and the imposition of strict restrictions and laws limited the ability of researchers, libraries, and research centers to access and see the outputs of scientific research and benefit from them. The current study sheds light on digital repositories and their role in Support free access to scientific information. The study aims to identify the growing role played by libraries in disseminating intellectual production and facilitating access to it, with an examination of the experience of the digital repository of West Kordofan University and its role in supporting the movement of free access to information. The importance of this study stems from increasing the spotlight on this academic institution and highlighting its position among Sudanese universities in particular and international universities in general. Huge in prices for published sources. The study used the descriptive analytical method by using a random sample of library and information specialists and a number of students, researchers and professors and distributing a questionnaire to them. The results were analyzed using the SPSS statistical analysis program in addition to the documentary method The study came out with a number of results, most notably that the study presented the most prominent criteria for evaluating digital repositories to rely on when evaluating repositories or to be guided by them when building digital repositories according to criteria closer to standard. Research, and this matter is undertaken by specialized scientific societies, taking full care of the state. Which hopes to provide a comprehensive and accurate perception about digital repositories and their role in supporting free access to scientific information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Under the Japanese free access healthcare system, patients are allowed to consult multiple medical institutions (including clinics and hospitals for general or specialist consultation) without primary care referral. This potentially increases the risk of polypharmacy. We examined the association between the number of consulting medical institutions and polypharmacy under a healthcare system with free access. Methods Via a self-administered questionnaire, we identified people aged ≥65 years with ≥1 disease and ≥1 consulting medical institution in a Japanese city in 2016. The exposure of interest was the number of consulting medical institutions (1, 2, or ≥3) and the outcome was polypharmacy (use of ≥6 types of drugs). We performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age, sex, household economy, and the number and type of comorbidities. To minimize confounding effects, we also performed propensity-score-matched analysis, categorizing patients into two groups: 1 and ≥2 consulting medical institutions. Results Of 993 eligible individuals (mean (standard deviation) age: 75.1 (6.5) years, men: 52.6%), 15.7% (156/993) showed polypharmacy. Proportions of polypharmacy were 9.7% (50/516), 16.6% (55/332), and 35.2% (51/145) for people who consulted 1, 2, and ≥3 medical institutions, respectively. Relative to people who consulted 1 medical institution, adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for polypharmacy were 1.50 (0.94–2.37) and 3.34 (1.98–5.65) for those who consulted 2 and ≥3 medical institutions, respectively. In propensity score matching, of 516 and 477 patients who consulted 1 and ≥2 medical institutions, 307 pairs were generated. The proportion of polypharmacy was 10.8% (33/307) and 17.3% (53/307), respectively (P = 0.020). The odds ratio for polypharmacy (≥2 vs. 1 consulting medical institution) was 1.73 (95% confidence interval 1.09–2.76). Conclusions Patients who consulted more medical institutions were more likely to show polypharmacy. The results could encourage physicians and pharmacists to collect medication information more actively and conduct appropriate medication reviews. Strengthening primary care is needed to address the polypharmacy issue, especially in countries with healthcare systems with free access.

Objectives. In 2017, the Wikimedia Movement embarked on an open strategy process to decide the scope of action towards the horizon of 2030. Contrary to the development of a traditional strategy, an open strategy process allows numerous people to generate, discuss, and evaluate ideas. This study examines how this open strategy process and its output documents support inclusivity and address people's needs. Methodology. Inclusivity practices employed in the different phases of the open strategy process are reviewed — encompassing aspects such as modes of participation, transparency, and decision-making. Through discourse analysis, the aim is to highlight the main characteristics of the strategy product created and how it has been interpreted by the Wikimedia Movement, online communities, and affiliates. Results. The results of the study are two-fold. Firstly, a wide array of participation modes employed to include the Wikimedia Movement actors have been identified. Secondly, it has been found that the resulting strategy documents place people at the centre of the discourse, not only in the proposed new strategic direction but also in the strategic principles and recommendations that were produced. Thus, this paper extends the understanding of open strategy in large and collaborative environments, showing that inclusivity practices help elaborate proposals of changes that need to be implemented later by relevant stakeholders.

Objectives. In 2017, the Wikimedia Movement embarked on an open strategy process to decide the scope of action towards the horizon of 2030. Contrary to the development of a traditional strategy, an open strategy process allows numerous people to generate, discuss, and evaluate ideas. This study examines how this open strategy process and its output documents support inclusivity and address people's needs. Methodology. Inclusivity practices employed in the different phases of the open strategy process are reviewed — encompassing aspects such as modes of participation, transparency, and decision-making. Through discourse analysis, the aim is to highlight the main characteristics of the strategy product created and how it has been interpreted by the Wikimedia Movement, online communities, and affiliates. Results. The results of the study are two-fold. Firstly, a wide array of participation modes employed to include the Wikimedia Movement actors have been identified. Secondly, it has been found that the resulting strategy documents place people at the centre of the discourse, not only in the proposed new strategic direction but also in the strategic principles and recommendations that were produced. Thus, this paper extends the understanding of open strategy in large and collaborative environments, showing that inclusivity practices help elaborate proposals of changes that need to be implemented later by relevant stakeholders.

Objectives: this study presents a bibliometric analysis carried out after incorporating all the articles of the journal Comunicar in the free database Wikidata. It's a collaboratively edited knowledge base owned by the Wikimedia Foundation, the same organization that provides the cooperative online encyclopedia Wikipedia. After carrying out a thorough analysis of the publications, the objective is to analyze the scientific production of the journal Comunicar over its 27 years of existence (1993–2020), applying various bibliometric indicators and using a free database that any user can access. Methodology: of a descriptive-retrospective nature, this research analyzed the 62 issues and 1230 articles published in the journal, which were added to the open database Wikidata. Bibliometric indicators of scientific productivity, collaboration, consumption, repercussion and impact were considered, using various free tools to study the information. Results: remarkable differences were found between two different periods. In the first one, from its foundation until 2009, not all articles included references. The average number of references was not very high, and there was a relatively low collaboration rate. This work has made visible the change experienced by the journal Comunicar from 2010 when it started to appear in the main databases of scientific journals. After carrying out all the analyses, it has been found that the introduction of open bibliographic information can be helpful for bibliometric analysis, with free access to any user.

Objectives: this study presents a bibliometric analysis carried out after incorporating all the articles of the journal Comunicar in the free database Wikidata. It's a collaboratively edited knowledge base owned by the Wikimedia Foundation, the same organization that provides the cooperative online encyclopedia Wikipedia. After carrying out a thorough analysis of the publications, the objective is to analyze the scientific production of the journal Comunicar over its 27 years of existence (1993–2020), applying various bibliometric indicators and using a free database that any user can access. Methodology: of a descriptive-retrospective nature, this research analyzed the 62 issues and 1230 articles published in the journal, which were added to the open database Wikidata. Bibliometric indicators of scientific productivity, collaboration, consumption, repercussion and impact were considered, using various free tools to study the information. Results: remarkable differences were found between two different periods. In the first one, from its foundation until 2009, not all articles included references. The average number of references was not very high, and there was a relatively low collaboration rate. This work has made visible the change experienced by the journal Comunicar from 2010 when it started to appear in the main databases of scientific journals. After carrying out all the analyses, it has been found that the introduction of open bibliographic information can be helpful for bibliometric analysis, with free access to any user.

Access to public information has been promoted throughout a myriad of international and national documents of high significance, such as: the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the European Convention on Human Rights, the Constitution of the Republic of North Macedonia, and the Law on Free Access to Public Information. The citizens of North Macedonia are obliged to respect the Constitution and the laws, but the latter are subjected to frequent changes, making it very difficult for the citizens to get hold of the version in use. While the European Union and most of its member states provide free of charge online access to consolidated versions of laws and other relevant legislative texts, in North Macedonia this service is available only upon payment. The Covid-19 crisis has merely intensified the ongoing trends of computer and internet-based business doing, and the dynamic digital environment should nonetheless be followed up by a convenient and easily accessible legislation repositories. Adhering to the Free Access to Law Movement and taking into consideration the variety of approaches deployed by various European countries, we are talking to legal practitioners and relevant stakeholders in North Macedonia, revealing their viewpoints on the topic. At the end we are laying out recommendations on the steps that need to be taken and the model that needs to be implemented toward the provision of free online access to consolidated texts of North Macedonia's legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Panorámica de recursos y estrategias de analítica web útiles en la configuración de soluciones de captación de estadísticas de uso y de evaluación de audiencias en revistas académicas de acceso abierto. Se contempla un conjunto de métricas complementarias a las citas para ayudar a los editores y gestores de revistas a proveer evidencias del desempeño de la revista en conjunto y de cada artículo en particular en el entorno web. Mediante las mediciones y los indicadores seleccionados se busca generar valor añadido a la gestión editorial para asegurar su sostenibilidad. La propuesta se configura en torno a tres ámbitos: recuento de consultas y descargas, optimización del sitio web o de las campañas de atracción de visitas, y elaboración de un cuadro de mando para la evaluación estratégica. Se concluye que, a partir de la elaboración de planes de medición del desempeño web, basados en los recursos y propuestas analizadas, las revistas pueden estar en mejores condiciones de abordar con evidencias la mejora de la capacidad de atracción de autores y lectores, así como facilitar la rendición de cuentas a los actores implicados en el proceso editorial de la publicación en acceso abierto. An overview is presented of resources and web analytics strategies useful in setting solutions for capturing usage statistics and assessing audiences for open access academic journals. A set of complementary metrics to citations is contemplated to help journal editors and managers to provide evidence of the performance of the journal as a whole, and of each article in particular, in the web environment. The measurements and indicators selected seek to generate added value for editorial management in order to ensure its sustainability. The proposal is based on three areas: counts of visits and downloads, optimization of the website alongside with campaigns to attract visitors, and preparation of a dashboard for strategic evaluation. It is concluded that, from the creation of web performance measurement plans based on the resources and proposals analysed, journals may be in a better position to plan the data-driven web optimization in order to attract authors and readers and to offer the accountability that the actors involved in the editorial process need to assess their open access business model.

An overview is presented of resources and web analytics strategies useful in setting solutions for capturing usage statistics and assessing audiences for open access academic journals. A set of complementary metrics to citations is contemplated to help journal editors and managers to provide evidence of the performance of the journal as a whole, and of each article in particular, in the web environment. The measurements and indicators selected seek to generate added value for editorial management in order to ensure its sustainability. The proposal is based on three areas: counts of visits and downloads, optimization of the website alongside with campaigns to attract visitors, and preparation of a dashboard for strategic evaluation. It is concluded that, from the creation of web performance measurement plans based on the resources and proposals analysed, journals may be in a better position to plan the data-driven web optimization in order to attract authors and readers and to offer the accountability that the actors involved in the editorial process need to assess their open access business model.

L'objectiu de la investigació és presentar un procediment que permeti conèixer el desenvolupament econòmic i social d'una entitat local a partir d'iniciatives de govern obert i obertura de la informació. Es proposa una metodologia que faciliti aquesta acció mitjançant la incorporació de plataformes analítiques a disposició del ciutadà. Per mostrar l'aplicació d'aquesta metodologia, s'explica la creació de la plataforma COMUNDA, que utilitza dades disponibles de l'Ajuntament de la Pobla de Vallbona (València) sobre les despeses municipals per analitzar aspectes de la contractació pública. Aquests instruments de segon nivell, creats a partir de dades publicades pels ajuntaments, poden constituir eines analítiques per detectar irregularitats i per publicitar el teixit empresarial del municipi que poden permetre als ajuntaments articular polítiques adequades, i a les empreses i als particulars conèixer millor les característiques socioeconòmiques de la població. S'ha comprovat la utilitat del protocol d'actuació i anàlisi proposat, extrapolable a altres casos, sobre el cas concret de la plataforma citada. En aquest cas, la mètrica MELODA dona una qualificació de 48,3% de qualitat en la reutilització i s'ha pogut comprovar que la utilització del nostre procediment constata un increment de la contractació pública al municipi l'any 2011, un dels pitjors anys de la crisi econòmica, i que la contractació a empreses externes al municipi és de dos a tres milions d'euros superior a la contractació local. This study describes a procedure that can trackthe economic and social development of a local government body, based on open government initiatives and openness of information. A methodology is proposed that incorporates analytical platforms available to the general public. To illustrateits application, the creation of the COMUNDA platform is described. The COMUNDA platform uses data provided from the Town Council of La Pobla de Vallbona (Valencia) on municipal spending in order to analyse aspects of public procurement. These second-level instruments, created from data published by the councils, can be useful analytical tools for detecting irregularities and for focusing attention on the business fabric of the municipality. The information obtained can help councils to design appropriate policies and help companies and individuals to understand the socioeconomic characteristics of the population. The article confirms the usefulness of the action and analysis protocolproposed for the platform mentioned, and the results suggest that it can be extrapolated to other scenarios. In this case, the MELODA metric gives a data reusabilityrating of 48.3%. Our procedure shows an increase in public procurement in the municipality in 2011, one of the worst years of the economic crisis, and also finds that outsourcing to external companies in the municipality accounts for 2 to 3 million € more than local contracting.

El objetivo de la investigación es presentar un procedimiento que permita conocer el desarrollo económico y social de una entidad local a partir de iniciativas de gobierno abierto y apertura de la información. Se propone una metodología que facilite esta acción mediante la incorporación de plataformas analíticas a disposición del ciudadano. Para mostrar la aplicación de esta metodología, se explica la creación de la plataforma COMUNDA, que utiliza datos disponibles del Ayuntamiento de la Pobla de Vallbona (Valencia) sobre los gastos municipales para analizar aspectos de la contratación pública. Estos instrumentos de segundo nivel, creados a partir de datos publicados por los ayuntamientos, pueden constituir herramientas analíticas para detectar irregularidades y para publicitar el tejido empresarial del municipio que pueden permitir a los ayuntamientos articular políticas adecuadas, ya las empresas y los particulares conocer mejor las características socioeconómicas de la población. Se ha comprobado la utilidad del protocolo de actuación y análisis propuesto, extrapolable a otros casos, sobre el caso concreto de la plataforma citada. En este caso, la métrica MELODA da una calificación de 48,3% de calidad en la reutilización y se ha podido comprobar que la utilización de nuestro procedimiento constata un incremento de la contratación pública en el municipio en el año 2011, uno de los peores años de la crisis económica, y que la contratación a empresas externas al municipio es de dos a tres millones de euros superior a la contratación local. This study describes a procedure that can trackthe economic and social development of a local government body, based on open government initiatives and openness of information. A methodology is proposed that incorporates analytical platforms available to the general public. To illustrateits application, the creation of the COMUNDA platform is described. The COMUNDA platform uses data provided from the Town Council of La Pobla de Vallbona (Valencia) on municipal spending in order to analyse aspects of public procurement. These second-level instruments, created from data published by the councils, can be useful analytical tools for detecting irregularities and for focusing attention on the business fabric of the municipality. The information obtained can help councils to design appropriate policies and help companies and individuals to understand the socioeconomic characteristics of the population. The article confirms the usefulness of the action and analysis protocolproposed for the platform mentioned, and the results suggest that it can be extrapolated to other scenarios. In this case, the MELODA metric gives a data reusabilityrating of 48.3%. Our procedure shows an increase in public procurement in the municipality in 2011, one of the worst years of the economic crisis, and also finds that outsourcing to external companies in the municipality accounts for 2 to 3 million € more than local contracting.

Panoràmica de recursos i estratègies d'analítica web útils en la configuració de solucions de captació d'estadístiques d'ús i d'avaluació d'audiències en revistes acadèmiques d'accés obert. S'analitzen un conjunt de mètriques complementàries a les citacions per ajudar els editors i gestors de revistes a proveir mostres de l'acompliment de la revista en conjunt i de cada article en particular en l'entorn web. Mitjançant els mesuraments i els indicadors seleccionats es busca generar valor afegit a la gestió editorial per assegurar-ne la sostenibilitat. La proposta es configura al voltant de tres àmbits: recompte de consultes i descàrregues, optimització del lloc web o de les campanyes d'atracció de visites, i elaboració d'un quadre de comandament per a l'avaluació estratègica. Es conclou que, a partir de l'elaboració de plans de mesurament de l'acompliment web, basats en els recursos i propostes analitzades, les revistes poden estar en millors condicions d'abordar amb mostres la millora de la capacitat d'atracció d'autors i lectors, així com facilitar la rendició de comptes als actors implicats en el procés editorial de la publicació en accés obert. An overview is presented of resources and web analytics strategies useful in setting solutions for capturing usage statistics and assessing audiences for open access academic journals. A set of complementary metrics to citations is contemplated to help journal editors and managers to provide evidence of the performance of the journal as a whole, and of each article in particular, in the web environment. The measurements and indicators selected seek to generate added value for editorial management in order to ensure its sustainability. The proposal is based on three areas: counts of visits and downloads, optimization of the website alongside with campaigns to attract visitors, and preparation of a dashboard for strategic evaluation. It is concluded that, from the creation of web performance measurement plans based on the resources and proposals analysed, journals may be in a better position to plan the data-driven web optimization in order to attract authors and readers and to offer the accountability that the actors involved in the editorial process need to assess their open access business model.

Copyright of BiD is the property of Facultat de Biblioteconomia i Documentacio, Universitat de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Media consumption habits are evolving in an environment marked by the rise of mobile internet and the use of multifunctional devices (Détrez, 2017). It follows for traditional media, a challenge of adapting to these new behaviors, in particular with regards to the production and distribution of cultural products (Sonnac and Gabszewicz, 2013) ; however, consumers constitute a very heterogeneous group. This qualitative research examines the media consumption habits of young adults aged 18 to 25 living in Quebec. Following inductive analyses carried out on the verbatims and by listening to the recordings of the focus groups, the results reveal that the participants have media consumption habits marked by a culture of free access and by tactics of circumvention of fees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Under the Japanese free access healthcare system, patients are allowed to consult multiple medical institutions (including clinics and hospitals for general or specialist consultation) without primary care referral. This potentially increases the risk of polypharmacy. We examined the association between the number of consulting medical institutions and polypharmacy under a healthcare system with free access.Methods: Via a self-administered questionnaire, we identified people aged ≥65 years with ≥1 disease and  ≥1 consulting medical institution in a Japanese city in 2016. The exposure of interest was the number of consulting medical institutions (1, 2, or ≥3) and the outcome was polypharmacy (use of ≥6 types of drugs). We performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age, sex, household economy, and the number and type of comorbidities. To minimize confounding effects, we also performed propensity-score-matched analysis, categorizing patients into two groups: 1 and  ≥2 consulting medical institutions.Results: Of 993 eligible individuals (mean (standard deviation) age: 75.1 (6.5) years, men: 52.6%), 15.7% (156/993) showed polypharmacy. Proportions of polypharmacy were 9.7% (50/516), 16.6% (55/332), and 35.2% (51/145) for people who consulted 1, 2, and  ≥3 medical institutions, respectively. Relative to people who consulted 1 medical institution, adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for polypharmacy were 1.50 (0.94-2.37) and 3.34 (1.98-5.65) for those who consulted 2 and  ≥3 medical institutions, respectively. In propensity score matching, of 516 and 477 patients who consulted 1 and  ≥2 medical institutions, 307 pairs were generated. The proportion of polypharmacy was 10.8% (33/307) and 17.3% (53/307), respectively (P = 0.020). The odds ratio for polypharmacy (≥2 vs. 1 consulting medical institution) was 1.73 (95% confidence interval 1.09-2.76).Conclusions: Patients who consulted more medical institutions were more likely to show polypharmacy. The results could encourage physicians and pharmacists to collect medication information more actively and conduct appropriate medication reviews. Strengthening primary care is needed to address the polypharmacy issue, especially in countries with healthcare systems with free access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Es presenta i es desenvolupa un sistema potencial d'avaluació i difusió de l'activitat científica generada a partir de recursos de finançament públics. Aquest sistema té una estructura piramidal, el cap de la qual és la Unió Europea (o l'organisme dependent creat a aquest efecte), de la qual ha de dependre l'avaluació i la difusió dels continguts científics dels estats membres i de les diferents divisions territorials que puguin tenir. Fent nostra la Declaració de San Francisco, el mètode proposat és una alternativa al factor d'impacte com a mètode d'avaluació; en aquest mètode es torna a donar la importància a l'avaluació d'experts i s'incorpora la informació generada amb diners públics a un repositori amb diferents nivells de qualitat. The article introduces and explains a model that could be used to assess and disseminate publicly-financed scientific activity more effectively. The pyramidal model would take as its head the European Union or an EU-dependent body charged with appraising the scientific knowledge produced by the EU's member states and their different administrative regions, and making this knowledge more visible. Inspired by the San Francisco Declaration, the model provides an alternative to using journal impact factor as a quality measure by reinstating the peer review process and incorporating the information generated by publicly-financed scientific activity into a repository with different quality levels.

Se presenta y desarrolla un potencial sistema de evaluación y difusión de la actividad científica generada a partir de recursos de financiación públicos. Dicho sistema tiene una estructura piramidal, cuya cabecera es la Unión Europea (u organismo dependiente creado a tal efecto), de la que dependerá la evaluación y difusión de los contenidos científicos de los estados miembros y de las diferentes divisiones territoriales que pudieran tener estos. Haciendo nuestra la Declaración de San Francisco, el método propuesto es una alternativa al factor de impacto como método de evaluación; en este método se vuelve a dar la importancia a la evaluación por pares y se incorpora la información generada con dinero público a un repositorio con diferentes niveles de calidad. The article introduces and explains a model that could be used to assess and disseminate publicly-financed scientific activity more effectively. The pyramidal model would take as its head the European Union or an EU-dependent body charged with appraising the scientific knowledge produced by the EU's member states and their different administrative regions, and making this knowledge more visible. Inspired by the San Francisco Declaration, the model provides an alternative to using journal impact factor as a quality measure by reinstating the peer review process and incorporating the information generated by publicly-financed scientific activity into a repository with different quality levels.

En este artículo se presenta el estado actual de la educación abierta dentro del contexto europeo y, especialmente, desde el enfoque universitario. Inicialmente, se expone qué se entiende por educación abierta contemporánea y cómo este concepto ha ido evolucionando a lo largo del tiempo. A continuación, se incide en las acciones que impulsa la Comisión Europea: desde el establecimiento de un marco europeo de educación abierta hasta una panorámica de las políticas educativas actuales. También se informa de experiencias concretas y se hacen una serie de recomendaciones para el diseño de políticas que favorezcan la apertura de la educación. Por otro lado, se analiza la relación de la educación abierta con la ciencia abierta y, más concretamente, su encaje en este nuevo paradigma. Finalmente, se considera si el apoyo a la educación abierta es una oportunidad para las bibliotecas académicas y qué influencia tienen los profesionales de la información en el contexto educativo abierto. This paper provides an overview of open education in Europe, focusing on higher education. It begins by considering how the notion of ‘contemporary open education’ has evolved over time. It then reviews the various open education-related initiatives that have been promoted by the European Commission, from the institution of an open education framework to the current development of education policies. It also reports on specific initiatives and makes a series of recommendations about policy design oriented to opening up education. It analyses the relationship between open education and the open science movement, specifically the manner in which open education can be contextualised in the emergent paradigm of open science. Finally, the paper considers how academic libraries should be supporting open education and examines the influence that information professionals can bring to bear in this field.

En aquest article es presenta l'estat actual de l'educació oberta dins el context europeu i, especialment, des de l'enfocament universitari. Inicialment, s'exposa què s'entén per educació oberta contemporània i com aquest concepte ha anat evolucionant al llarg del temps. A continuació, s'incideix en les accions que impulsa la Comissió Europea: des de l'establiment d'un marc europeu d'educació oberta fins a una panoràmica de les polítiques educatives actuals. També s'informa d'experiències concretes i es fan una sèrie de recomanacions per al disseny de polítiques que afavoreixin l'obertura de l'educació. D'altra banda, s'analitza la relació de l'educació oberta amb la ciència oberta i, més concretament, el seu encaix dins aquest nou paradigma. Finalment, es considera si el suport a l'educació oberta és una oportunitat per a les biblioteques acadèmiques i quina influència tenen els professionals de la informació dins el context educatiu obert. This paper provides an overview of open education in Europe, focusing on higher education. It begins by considering how the notion of ‘contemporary open education’ has evolved over time. It then reviews the various open education-related initiatives that have been promoted by the European Commission, from the institution of an open education framework to the current development of education policies. It also reports on specific initiatives and makes a series of recommendations about policy design oriented to opening up education. It analyses the relationship between open education and the open science movement, specifically the manner in which open education can be contextualised in the emergent paradigm of open science. Finally, the paper considers how academic libraries should be supporting open education and examines the influence that information professionals can bring to bear in this field.

The movement of free access to information is one of the most vital topics, because of the radical changes that have occurred in the publishing industry at all levels, and the implications of these changes on the system of scientific communication and the functions performed by theparties main in this system. The universities are one of the most active elements in the scientific communication system, and one of the leading information production institutions. Universities are at the forefront of free access to information, playing an important role in supporting free access. If university functions are education, research and community service, these three functions can be more effectively achieved by supporting free access to information. The role of the research community in the Libyan universities is important for the benefit of this segment of society to play an effective role in the production of information and knowledge. The study aims at revealing the attitudes of the academics in the Libyan Academy towards spreading their intellectual production and providing it with a method of free access to the internet and knowing the reality of the intellectual production of free access, and the factors that push them to free access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comparison of the National Electronic Library of Russia and the Digital Public Library of America (in terms of the history of creation, main goals, types and subjects of documents, terms of copying documents, digital infrastructure, sources of funding, and accessibility) showed that while the main goals of their creation are similar, they differ in all of the parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focused on the change in status of Nigeria from HINARI free access to (fee) low cost, access based. A mixed method research design incorporating qualitative and quantitative approaches was used for the study. Questionnaires and interviews were used as the instrument for data collection. The findings of the study revealed most of the respondents affirmed to be conversant with HINARI and acknowledged the resources within are relevant to their institutions and users. Also, according to the study, the majority of respondents said they were aware that Nigeria had been moved from free access to low cost, access based. However, most respondents said their institutions have been unable to subscribe since the introduction of fee due to lack of funds. This study recommends that creative thinking and innovation be employed to identify alternative sources of funding and that government should increase the subvention allocated to libraries and release these funds when due. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The massive projection of information contents in the digital world and the ever-increasing pervasiveness and ubiquity of web-based resources are unstoppable phenomena that force a careful reflection on the role that public libraries and conservation libraries play in the traditional cultural scene; on how they are perceived by users; on how they are solicited by the digital world and how they adapt (or at least try to do so) to change towards this aspect. The concept of public library can certainly be considered as one of the most disruptive cultural innovations of the modern era: this innovation has profoundly marked the development of our society up to the present day, helping to shape its forma mentis and gradually becoming more and more “transparent” because now considered “normal”; however, there are many pitfalls and difficulties that our society ‒ hyper-connected and bulimic in the spasmodic search for accessible contents in digital ‒ puts forward the public library, even more, if it corresponds to the particular meaning of the conservation library. The public library and the conservation library are very often faces of the same coin, souls of the same institution, face the challenge of the digital dimension.

Objetivo: realizar un estado de la cuestión sobre el tema de la ciencia abierta a nivel mundial, para lograr un marco teórico-conceptual amplio, que sirva de base para las recomendaciones generales (retos y perspectivas) para una política nacional de ciencia abierta en Colombia. -- Metodología: revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre el tema, en diferentes fuentes de información, tanto abiertas como cerradas, y análisis de contenido para la selección de los aportes más significativos y la elaboración de nuevos aportes teórico-conceptuales al tema. --Resultados: en general, se logra hacer un marco teórico-conceptual sobre la ciencia abierta y la identificación de unos retos y perspectivas para el caso de la construcción de una política nacional de ciencia abierta. Específicamente, como aportes teórico-conceptuales de este estudio al tema de la ciencia abierta para el ámbito iberoamericano y mundial, se logra: 1) definición integradora, construida con base en diferentes y significativos aportes internacionales; 2) taxonomía de la ciencia abierta, traducida al español; 3) línea del tiempo de la ciencia abierta en las últimas tres décadas; y 4) identificación de la situación de la ciencia abierta en lo relativo a políticas nacionales o casos-proyectos concretos destacados en determinados países. Objective:. To review the state of open science at a global level and establish a broad theoretical and conceptual framework with which to make general recommendations (challenges and perspectives) for a national policy on open science in Colombia. -- Methodology: A systematic review of the literature from both open and closed sources of information and content analysis to select the most significant contributions and formulate new theoretical and conceptual contributions. -- Results: At the general level, it was possible to build a theoretical-conceptual framework to describe open science and identify some challenges and perspectives related to the construction of a national policy on open science. At the specific level, as theoretical and conceptual contributions to designing a policy for open science for Ibero-America and at a global level, the article offers: 1) a comprehensive definition of open science based on authoritative international contributions; 2) an open science taxonomy translated into Spanish; 3) a timeline chronicling open science in the last three decades; and (4) an identification of the status of open science at the level of national policy or specific and prominent cases or projects in some countries.