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1. LISA test-mass charging. Particle flux modeling, Monte Carlo simulations and induced effects on the sensitivity of the observatory

Author

Dimiccoli, Francesco, Dolesi, Rita, Fabi, Michele, Ferroni, Valerio, Grimani, Catia, Muratore, Martina, Sarra, Paolo, Villani, Mattia, and Weber, William Joseph

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Context. The LISA space observatory will explore the sub-Hz spectrum of gravitational wave emission from the Universe. The space environment, where will be immersed in, is responsible for charge accumulation on its free falling test masses (TMs) due to the galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) and solar energetic particles (SEP) impinging on the spacecraft. Primary and secondary particles produced in the spacecraft material eventually reach the TMs by depositing a net positive charge fluctuating in time. This work is relevant for any present and future space missions that, like LISA, host free-falling TMs as inertial reference. Aims. The coupling of the TM charge with native stray electrostatic field produces noise forces on the TMs, which can limit the performance of the LISA mission. A precise knowledge of the charging process allows us to predict the intensity of these charge-induced disturbances and to design specific counter-measures. Methods. We present a comprehensive toolkit that allows us to calculate the TM charging time-series in a geometry representative of LISA mission, and the associated induced forces under different conditions of the space environment by considering the effects of short, long GCR flux modulations and SEPs. Results. We study, for each of the previously mentioned conditions, the impact of spurious forces associated with the TM charging process on the mission sensitivity for gravitational wave detection.

Published
2024

3. Particle monitoring capability of the Solar Orbiter Metis coronagraph through the increasing phase of solar cycle 25

Author

Grimani, Catia, Andretta, Vincenzo, Antonucci, Ester, Chioetto, Paolo, Da Deppo, Vania, Fabi, Michele, Gissot, Samuel, Jerse, Giovanna, Messerotti, Mauro, Naletto, Giampiero, Pancrazzi, Maurizio, Persici, Andrea, Plainaki, Christina, Romoli, Marco, Sabbatini, Federico, Spadaro, Daniele, Stangalini, Marco, Telloni, Daniele, Teriaca, Luca, Uslenghi, Michela, Villani, Mattia, Abbo, Lucia, Burtovoi, Aleksandr, Frassati, Federica, Landini, Federico, Nicolini, Giana, Russano, Giuliana, Sasso, Clementina, and Susino, Roberto

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract

Context. Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) and solar particles with energies greater than tens of MeV penetrate spacecraft and instruments hosted aboard space missions. The Solar Orbiter Metis coronagraph is aimed at observing the solar corona in both visible (VL) and ultraviolet (UV) light. Particle tracks are observed in the Metis images of the corona. An algorithm has been implemented in the Metis processing electronics to detect the VL image pixels crossed by cosmic rays. This algorithm was initially enabled for the VL instrument only, since the process of separating the particle tracks in the UV images has proven to be very challenging. Aims. We study the impact of the overall bulk of particles of galactic and solar origin on the Metis coronagraph images. We discuss the effects of the increasing solar activity after the Solar Orbiter mission launch on the secondary particle production in the spacecraft. Methods. We compared Monte Carlo simulations of GCRs crossing or interacting in the Metis VL CMOS sensor to observations gathered in 2020 and 2022. We also evaluated the impact of solar energetic particle events of different intensities on the Metis images. Results. The study of the role of abundant and rare cosmic rays in firing pixels in the Metis VL images of the corona allows us to estimate the efficiency of the algorithm applied for cosmic-ray track removal from the images and to demonstrate that the instrument performance had remained unchanged during the first two years of the Solar Orbiter operations. The outcome of this work can be used to estimate the Solar Orbiter instrument's deep charging and the order of magnitude for energetic particles crossing the images of Metis and other instruments such as STIX and EUI., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures

Published
2023
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4. Coronal Heating Rate in the Slow Solar Wind

Author

Telloni, Daniele, Romoli, Marco, Velli, Marco, Zank, Gary P., Adhikari, Laxman, Downs, Cooper, Burtovoi, Aleksandr, Susino, Roberto, Spadaro, Daniele, Zhao, Lingling, Liberatore, Alessandro, Shi, Chen, De Leo, Yara, Abbo, Lucia, Frassati, Federica, Jerse, Giovanna, Landini, Federico, Nicolini, Gianalfredo, Pancrazzi, Maurizio, Russano, Giuliana, Sasso, Clementina, Andretta, Vincenzo, Da Deppo, Vania, Fineschi, Silvano, Grimani, Catia, Heinzel, Petr, Moses, John D., Naletto, Giampiero, Stangalini, Marco, Teriaca, Luca, Uslenghi, Michela, Berlicki, Arkadiusz, Bruno, Roberto, Capobianco, Gerardo, Capuano, Giuseppe E., Casini, Chiara, Casti, Marta, Chioetto, Paolo, Corso, Alain J., D'Amicis, Raffaella, Fabi, Michele, Frassetto, Fabio, Giarrusso, Marina, Giordano, Silvio, Guglielmino, Salvo L., Magli, Enrico, Massone, Giuseppe, Messerotti, Mauro, Nisticò, Giuseppe, Pelizzo, Maria G., Reale, Fabio, Romano, Paolo, Schühle, Udo, Solanki, Sami K., Straus, Thomas, Ventura, Rita, Volpicelli, Cosimo A., Zangrilli, Luca, Zimbardo, Gaetano, Zuppella, Paola, Bale, Stuart D., and Kasper, Justin C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract

This Letter reports the first observational estimate of the heating rate in the slowly expanding solar corona. The analysis exploits the simultaneous remote and local observations of the same coronal plasma volume with the Solar Orbiter/Metis and the Parker Solar Probe instruments, respectively, and relies on the basic solar wind magnetohydrodynamic equations. As expected, energy losses are a minor fraction of the solar wind energy flux, since most of the energy dissipation that feeds the heating and acceleration of the coronal flow occurs much closer to the Sun than the heights probed in the present study, which range from 6.3 to 13.3 solar radii. The energy deposited to the supersonic wind is then used to explain the observed slight residual wind acceleration and to maintain the plasma in a non-adiabatic state. As derived in the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin limit, the present energy transfer rate estimates provide a lower limit, which can be very useful in refining the turbulence-based modeling of coronal heating and subsequent solar wind acceleration.

Published
2023

5. A Hydrogenated amorphous silicon detector for Space Weather Applications

Author

Grimani, Catia, Fabi, Michele, Sabbatini, Federico, Villani, Mattia, Calcagnile, Lucio, Caricato, Anna Paola, Catalano, Roberto, Cirrone, Giuseppe Antonio Pablo, Croci, Tommaso, Cuttone, Giacomo, Dunand, Sylvain, Frontini, Luca, Ionica, Maria, Kanxheri, Keida, Large, Matthew, Liberali, Valentino, Martino, Maurizio, Maruccio, Giuseppe, Mazza, Giovanni, Menichelli, Mauro, Monteduro, Anna Grazia, Morozzi, Arianna, Moscatelli, Francesco, Pallotta, Stefania, Passeri, Daniele, Pedio, Maddalena, Petasecca, Marco, Petringa, Giada, Peverini, Francesca, Piccolo, Lorenzo, Placidi, Pisana, Quarta, Gianluca, Rizzato, Silvia, Stabile, Alberto, Talamonti, Cinzia, Wheadon, Richard James, Wyrsch, Nicolas, and Servoli, Leonello

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract

The characteristics of a hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) detector are presented here for monitoring in space solar flares and the evolution of large energetic proton events up to hundreds of MeV. The a-Si:H presents an excellent radiation hardness and finds application in harsh radiation environments for medical purposes, for particle beam characterization and in space weather science and applications. The critical flux detection threshold for solar X rays, soft gamma rays, electrons and protons is discussed in detail., Comment: 32 pages, 13 figures, submitted to Experimental Astronomy

Published
2023

6. The role of low-energy electrons in the charging process of LISA test masses

Author

Taioli, Simone, Dapor, Maurizio, Dimiccoli, Francesco, Fabi, Michele, Ferroni, Valerio, Grimani, Catia, Villani, Mattia, and Weber, William Joseph

Subjects
Physics - Space Physics, Physics - Classical Physics
Abstract

The space environment encountered by operating spacecraft is populated by a continuous flux of charged particles that penetrate into electronic devices inducing phantom commands and loss of control, eventually leading to satellite failure. Moreover, electron static discharge that results from secondary electron emission of the device materials can also be responsible for satellite malfunction. In this regard, the estimate of the total electron yield is fundamental for our understanding of the test-mass charging associated with galactic cosmic rays in the LISA Pathfinder mission and in the forthcoming gravitational wave observatory LISA. To unveil the role of low energy electrons in this process owing to galactic and solar energetic particle events, in this work we study the interaction of keV and sub-keV electrons with a gold slab using a mixed Monte Carlo and ab-initio framework. We determine the energy spectrum of the electrons emerging from such a gold slab hit by a primary electron beam by considering the relevant energy loss mechanisms as well as the elastic scattering events. We also show that our results are consistent with experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations carried out with the GEANT4-DNA toolkit.

Published
2022
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7. Bridging the gap between Monte Carlo simulations and measurements of the LISA Pathfinder test-mass charging for LISA

Author

Grimani, Catia, Villani, Mattia, Fabi, Michele, Cesarini, Andrea, and Sabbatini, Federico

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract

Cubic gold-platinum free-falling test masses (TMs) constitute the mirrors of future LISA and LISA-like interferometers for low-frequency gravitational wave detection in space. High-energy particles of Galactic and solar origin charge the TMs and thus induce spurious electrostatic and magnetic forces that limit the sensitivity of these interferometers. Prelaunch Monte Carlo simulations of the TM charging were carried out for the LISA Pathfinder (LPF) mission, that was planned to test the LISA instrumentation. Measurements and simulations were compared during the mission operations. The measured net TM charging agreed with simulation estimates, while the charging noise was three to four times higher. We aim to bridge the gap between LPF TM charging noise simulations and observations. New Monte Carlo simulations of the LPF TM charging due to both Galactic and solar particles were carried out with the FLUKA/LEI toolkit. This allowed propagating low-energy electrons down to a few electronvolt. These improved FLUKA/LEI simulations agree with observations gathered during the mission operations within statistical and Monte Carlo errors. The charging noise induced by Galactic cosmic rays is about one thousand charges per second. This value increases to tens of thousands charges per second during solar energetic particle events. Similar results are expected for the LISA TM charging., Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures

Published
2022
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8. Observation of Magnetic Switchback in the Solar Corona

Author

Telloni, Daniele, Zank, Gary P., Stangalini, Marco, Downs, Cooper, Liang, Haoming, Nakanotani, Masaru, Andretta, Vincenzo, Antonucci, Ester, Sorriso-Valvo, Luca, Adhikari, Laxman, Zhao, Lingling, Marino, Raffaele, Susino, Roberto, Grimani, Catia, Fabi, Michele, D'Amicis, Raffaella, Perrone, Denise, Bruno, Roberto, Carbone, Francesco, Mancuso, Salvatore, Romoli, Marco, Da Deppo, Vania, Fineschi, Silvano, Heinzel, Petr, Moses, John D., Naletto, Giampiero, Nicolini, Gianalfredo, Spadaro, Daniele, Teriaca, Luca, Frassati, Federica, Jerse, Giovanna, Landini, Federico, Pancrazzi, Maurizio, Russano, Giuliana, Sasso, Clementina, Berghmans, David, Auchère, Frédéric, Cuadrado, Regina Aznar, Chitta, Lakshmi P., Harra, Louise, Kraaikamp, Emil, Long, David M., Mandal, Sudip, Parenti, Susanna, Pelouze, Gabriel, Peter, Hardi, Rodriguez, Luciano, Schühle, Udo, Schwanitz, Conrad, Smith, Phil J., Verbeeck, Cis, and Zhukov, Andrei N.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Switchbacks are sudden, large radial deflections of the solar wind magnetic field, widely revealed in interplanetary space by the Parker Solar Probe. The switchbacks' formation mechanism and sources are still unresolved, although candidate mechanisms include Alfv\'enic turbulence, shear-driven Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities, interchange reconnection, and geometrical effects related to the Parker spiral. This Letter presents observations from the Metis coronagraph onboard Solar Orbiter of a single large propagating S-shaped vortex, interpreted as first evidence of a switchback in the solar corona. It originated above an active region with the related loop system bounded by open-field regions to the East and West. Observations, modeling, and theory provide strong arguments in favor of the interchange reconnection origin of switchbacks. Metis measurements suggest that the initiation of the switchback may also be an indicator of the origin of slow solar wind.

Published
2022
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11. TCAD modelling of a-Si:H devices for particle detection applications

Author

Passeri, Daniele, Morozzi, Arianna, Fabi, Michele, Grimani, Catia, Pallotta, Stefania, Sabbatini, Federico, Talamonti, Cinzia, Villani, Mattia, Calcagnile, Lucio, Caricato, Anna Paola, Martino, Maurizio, Maruccio, Giuseppe, Monteduro, Anna Grazia, Quarta, Gianluca, Rizzato, Silvia, Catalano, Roberto, Cirrone, Giuseppe Antonio Pablo, Cuttone, Giacomo, Petringa, Giada, Frontini, Luca, Liberali, Valentino, Stabile, Alberto, Croci, Tommaso, Ionica, Maria, Kanxheri, Keida, Menichelli, Mauro, Moscatelli, Francesco, Pedio, Maddalena, Peverini, Francesca, Placidi, Pisana, Tosti, Luca, Rossi, Giulia, Servoli, Leonello, Zema, Nicola, Mazza, Giovanni, Piccolo, Lorenzo, Wheadon, Richard, Antognini, Luca, Dunand, Sylvain, Wyrsch, Nicolas, Bashiri, Aishah, Large, Matthew, and Petasecca, Marco

Published
2024
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12. Low-energy electromagnetic processes affecting free-falling test-mass charging for LISA and future space interferometers

Author

Grimani, Catia, Cesarini, Andrea, Fabi, Michele, and Villani, Mattia

Subjects
Physics - Space Physics
Abstract

Galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles charge gold-platinum, free-falling test masses (TMs) on board interferometers for the detection of gravitational waves in space. The charging process induces spurious forces on the test masses that affect the sensitivity of these instruments mainly below $10^{-3}$ Hz. Geant4 and FLUKA Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to study the TM charging process on board the LISA Pathfinder mission that remained into orbit around the Sun-Earth Lagrange point L1 between 2016 and 2017. While a good agreement was observed between simulations and measurements of the TMs net charging, the shot noise associated with charging fluctuations of both positive and negative particles resulted 3-4 times higher that predicted. The origin of this mismatch was attributed to the propagation of electrons and photons only above 100 eV in the simulations. In this paper, low-energy electromagnetic processes to be included in the future Monte Carlo simulations for LISA and LISA-like space interferometers TM charging are considered. {It is found that electrons and photons below 100 eV give a contribution to the effective charging comparable to that of the whole sample of particles above this energy. In particular, for incident protons ionization contributes twice with respect to low energy kinetic emission and electron backscattering. The other processes are found to play a negligible role. For heavy nuclei only sputtering must be considered., Comment: Accepted for publication in Classical and Quantum Gravity

Published
2020
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13. Recurrent galactic cosmic-ray flux modulation in L1 and geomagnetic activity during the declining phase of the solar cycle 24

Author

Grimani, Catia, Cesarini, Andrea, Fabi, Michele, Sabbatini, Federico, Telloni, Daniele, and Villani, Mattia

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract

Galactic cosmic-ray (GCR) flux short-term variations ($<$1 month) in the inner heliosphere are mainly associated with the passage of high-speed solar wind streams (HSS) and interplanetary (IP) counterparts of coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). Data gathered with a particle detector flown on board the ESA LISA Pathfinder (LPF) spacecraft, during the declining part of the solar cycle 24 (February 2016 - July 2017) around the Lagrange point L1, have allowed to study the characteristics of recurrent cosmic-ray flux modulations above 70 MeV n$^{-1}$. %These modulations are observed when the solar wind speed is $>$ 400 km s$^{-1}$ and/or the IP magnetic field intensity $>$ 10 nT. It is shown that the amplitude and evolution of individual modulations depend in a unique way on both IP plasma parameters and particle flux intensity before HSS and ICMEs transit. By comparing the LPF data with those gathered contemporaneously with the magnetic spectrometer experiment AMS-02 on board the International Space Station and with those of Earth polar neutron monitors, the GCR flux modulation was studied at different energies during recurrent short-term variations. It is also aimed to set the near real-time particle observation requirements to disentangle the role of long and short-term variations of the GCR flux to evaluate the performance of high-sensitivity instruments in space such as the future interferometers for gravitational wave detection. Finally, the association between recurrent GCR flux variation observations in L1 and weak to moderate geomagnetic activity in 2016-2017 is discussed. Short-term recurrent GCR flux variations are good proxies of recurrent geomagnetic activity when the B$_z$ component of the IP magnetic field is directed northern.

Published
2020
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15. Characterization of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Sensors on Polyimide Flexible Substrate

Author

Menichelli, Mauro, primary, Antognini, Luca, additional, Aziz, Saba, additional, Bashiri, Aishah, additional, Bizzarri, Marco, additional, Calcagnile, Lucio, additional, Caprai, Mirco, additional, Caputo, Domenico, additional, Caricato, Anna Paola, additional, Catalano, Roberto, additional, Chilà, Deborah, additional, Cirrone, Giuseppe Antonio Pablo, additional, Croci, Tommaso, additional, Cuttone, Giacomo, additional, Cesare, Giampiero De, additional, Dunand, Sylvain, additional, Fabi, Michele, additional, Frontini, Luca, additional, Grimani, Catia, additional, Ionica, Maria, additional, Kanxheri, Keida, additional, Large, Matthew, additional, Liberali, Valentino, additional, Lovecchio, Nicola, additional, Martino, Maurizio, additional, Maruccio, Giuseppe, additional, Mazza, Giovanni, additional, Monteduro, Anna Grazia, additional, Morozzi, Arianna, additional, Moscatelli, Francesco, additional, Nascetti, Augusto, additional, Pallotta, Stefania, additional, Papi, Andrea, additional, Passeri, Daniele, additional, Pedio, Maddalena, additional, Petasecca, Marco, additional, Petringa, Giada, additional, Peverini, Francesca, additional, Piccolo, Lorenzo, additional, Placidi, Pisana, additional, Quarta, Gianluca, additional, Rizzato, Silvia, additional, Rossi, Giulia, additional, Sabbatini, Federico, additional, Servoli, Leonello, additional, Stabile, Alberto, additional, Talamonti, Cinzia, additional, Thomet, Jonathan Emanuel, additional, Tosti, Luca, additional, Villani, Mattia, additional, Wheadon, Richard J., additional, Wyrsch, Nicolas, additional, and Zema, Nicola, additional

Published
2024
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17. Characterization of a flexible a‐Si:H detector for in vivo dosimetry in therapeutic x‐ray beams

Author

Large, Matthew James, primary, Bashiri, Aishah, additional, Dookie, Yashiv, additional, McNamara, Joanne, additional, Antognini, Luca, additional, Aziz, Saba, additional, Calcagnile, Lucio, additional, Caricato, Anna Paola, additional, Catalano, Roberto, additional, Chila, Deborah, additional, Cirrone, Giuseppe Antonio Pablo, additional, Croci, Tomasso, additional, Cuttone, Giacomo, additional, Dunand, Sylvain, additional, Fabi, Michele, additional, Frontini, Luca, additional, Grimani, Catia, additional, Ionica, Maria, additional, Kanxheri, Keida, additional, Liberali, Valentino, additional, Maurizio, Martino, additional, Maruccio, Giuseppe, additional, Mazza, Giovanni, additional, Menichelli, Mauro, additional, Monteduro, Anna Grazia, additional, Morozzi, Arianna, additional, Moscatelli, Francesco, additional, Pallotta, Stefania, additional, Passeri, Daniele, additional, Pedio, Maddalena, additional, Petringa, Giada, additional, Peverini, Francesca, additional, Piccolo, Lorenzo, additional, Placidi, Pisana, additional, Quarta, Gianluca, additional, Rizzato, Silvia, additional, Sabbatini, Federico, additional, Servoli, Leonello, additional, Stabile, Alberto, additional, Talamonti, Cinzia, additional, Thomet, Jonathan Emanuel, additional, Tosti, Luca, additional, Villani, Mattia, additional, Wheadon, Richard James, additional, Wyrsch, Nicolas, additional, Zema, Nicola, additional, and Petasecca, Marco, additional

Published
2024
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18. Coronal Heating Rate in the Slow Solar Wind

Author

Telloni, Daniele, primary, Romoli, Marco, additional, Velli, Marco, additional, Zank, Gary P., additional, Adhikari, Laxman, additional, Downs, Cooper, additional, Burtovoi, Aleksandr, additional, Susino, Roberto, additional, Spadaro, Daniele, additional, Zhao, Lingling, additional, Liberatore, Alessandro, additional, Shi, Chen, additional, De Leo, Yara, additional, Abbo, Lucia, additional, Frassati, Federica, additional, Jerse, Giovanna, additional, Landini, Federico, additional, Nicolini, Gianalfredo, additional, Pancrazzi, Maurizio, additional, Russano, Giuliana, additional, Sasso, Clementina, additional, Andretta, Vincenzo, additional, Da Deppo, Vania, additional, Fineschi, Silvano, additional, Grimani, Catia, additional, Heinzel, Petr, additional, Moses, John D., additional, Naletto, Giampiero, additional, Stangalini, Marco, additional, Teriaca, Luca, additional, Uslenghi, Michela, additional, Berlicki, Arkadiusz, additional, Bruno, Roberto, additional, Capobianco, Gerardo, additional, Capuano, Giuseppe E., additional, Casini, Chiara, additional, Casti, Marta, additional, Chioetto, Paolo, additional, Corso, Alain J., additional, D’Amicis, Raffaella, additional, Fabi, Michele, additional, Frassetto, Fabio, additional, Giarrusso, Marina, additional, Giordano, Silvio, additional, Guglielmino, Salvo L., additional, Magli, Enrico, additional, Massone, Giuseppe, additional, Messerotti, Mauro, additional, Nisticò, Giuseppe, additional, Pelizzo, Maria G., additional, Reale, Fabio, additional, Romano, Paolo, additional, Schühle, Udo, additional, Solanki, Sami K., additional, Straus, Thomas, additional, Ventura, Rita, additional, Volpicelli, Cosimo A., additional, Zangrilli, Luca, additional, Zimbardo, Gaetano, additional, Zuppella, Paola, additional, Bale, Stuart D., additional, and Kasper, Justin C., additional

Published
2023
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19. A hydrogenated amorphous silicon detector for Space Weather applications

Author

Grimani, Catia, primary, Fabi, Michele, additional, Sabbatini, Federico, additional, Villani, Mattia, additional, Antognini, Luca, additional, Bashiri, Aishah, additional, Calcagnile, Lucio, additional, Caricato, Anna Paola, additional, Catalano, Roberto, additional, Chilà, Deborah, additional, Cirrone, Giuseppe Antonio Pablo, additional, Croci, Tommaso, additional, Cuttone, Giacomo, additional, Dunand, Sylvain, additional, Frontini, Luca, additional, Ionica, Maria, additional, Kanxheri, Keida, additional, Large, Matthew, additional, Liberali, Valentino, additional, Martino, Maurizio, additional, Maruccio, Giuseppe, additional, Mazza, Giovanni, additional, Menichelli, Mauro, additional, Monteduro, Anna Grazia, additional, Morozzi, Arianna, additional, Moscatelli, Francesco, additional, Pallotta, Stefania, additional, Passeri, Daniele, additional, Pedio, Maddalena, additional, Petasecca, Marco, additional, Petringa, Giada, additional, Peverini, Francesca, additional, Piccolo, Lorenzo, additional, Placidi, Pisana, additional, Quarta, Gianluca, additional, Rizzato, Silvia, additional, Stabile, Alberto, additional, Talamonti, Cinzia, additional, Thomet, Jonathan, additional, Tosti, Luca, additional, Wheadon, Richard James, additional, Wyrsch, Nicolas, additional, Zema, Nicola, additional, and Servoli, Leonello, additional

Published
2023
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20. Out-of-focus point sources image simulation for the Metis solar coronagraph onboard the Solar Orbiter mission

Author

Da Deppo, Vania, primary, Casini, Chiara, additional, Chioetto, Paolo, additional, Frassetto, Fabio, additional, Nordera, Simone, additional, Zuppella, Paola, additional, Corso, Alain J., additional, Landini, Federico, additional, Pancrazzi, Maurizio, additional, Susino, Roberto, additional, Sasso, Clementina, additional, Uslenghi, Michela, additional, Romoli, Marco, additional, Andretta, Vincenzo, additional, Fineschi, Silvano, additional, Naletto, Giampiero, additional, Nicolini, Gianalfredo, additional, Spadaro, Daniele, additional, Stangalini, Marco, additional, Teriaca, Luca, additional, Abbo, Lucia, additional, Grimani, Catia, additional, Burtovoi, Aleksandr, additional, De Leo, Yara, additional, Fabi, Michele, additional, Frassati, Federica, additional, Jerse, Giovanna, additional, and Russano, Giuliana, additional

Published
2023
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21. In flight stray light estimate for the Solar Orbiter/Metis coronagraph

Author

Landini, Federico, primary, Romoli, Marco, additional, Nicolini, Gianalfredo, additional, Frassetto, Fabio, additional, Susino, Roberto, additional, Abbo, Lucia, additional, Andretta, Vincenzo, additional, Burtovoi, Aleksandr, additional, Casini, Chiara, additional, Chioetto, Paolo, additional, Corso, Alain J., additional, Da Deppo, Vania, additional, De Leo, Yara, additional, Fabi, Michele, additional, Fineschi, Silvano, additional, Frassati, Federica, additional, Grimani, Catia, additional, Heinzel, Petr, additional, Jerse, Giovanna, additional, Liberatore, Alessandro, additional, Naletto, Giampiero, additional, Pancrazzi, Maurizio, additional, Russano, Giuliana, additional, Sasso, Clementina, additional, Spadaro, Daniele, additional, Stangalini, Marco, additional, Telloni, Daniele, additional, Teriaca, Luca, additional, Uslenghi, Michela, additional, Volpicelli, Cosimo A., additional, and Zuppella, Paola, additional

Published
2023
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22. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon high flux x-ray detectors for synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy

Author

Large, Matthew J, primary, Bizzarri, Marco, additional, Calcagnile, Lucio, additional, Caprai, Mirco, additional, Caricato, Anna Paola, additional, Catalano, Roberto, additional, Cirrone, Giuseppe A P, additional, Croci, Tommaso, additional, Cuttone, Giacomo, additional, Dunand, Sylvain, additional, Fabi, Michele, additional, Frontini, Luca, additional, Gianfelici, Benedetta, additional, Grimani, Catia, additional, Ionica, Maria, additional, Kanxheri, Keida, additional, Lerch, Michael L F, additional, Liberali, Valentino, additional, Martino, Maurizio, additional, Maruccio, Giuseppe, additional, Mazza, Giovanni, additional, Menichelli, Mauro, additional, Monteduro, Anna Grazia, additional, Moscatelli, Francesco, additional, Morozzi, Arianna, additional, Pallotta, Stefania, additional, Papi, Andrea, additional, Passeri, Daniele, additional, Pedio, Maddalena, additional, Petringa, Giada, additional, Peverini, Francesca, additional, Piccolo, Lorenzo, additional, Placidi, Pisana, additional, Quarta, Gianluca, additional, Rizzato, Silvia, additional, Rossi, Alessandro, additional, Rossi, Giulia, additional, de Rover, Vincent, additional, Sabbatini, Federico, additional, Servoli, Leonello, additional, Stabile, Alberto, additional, Talamonti, Cinzia, additional, Tosti, Luca, additional, Villani, Mattia, additional, Wheadon, Richard J, additional, Wyrsch, Nicolas, additional, Zema, Nicola, additional, and Petasecca, Marco, additional

Published
2023
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24. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon high flux x-ray detectors for synchrotron microbeam radiation therapy

Author

Large, Matthew J., Bizzarri, Marco, Calcagnile, Lucio, Caprai, Mirco, Caricato, Anna Paola, Catalano, Roberto, Cirrone, Giuseppe A. P., Croci, Tommaso, Cuttone, Giacomo, Dunand, Sylvain, Fabi, Michele, Frontini, Luca, Gianfelici, Benedetta, Grimani, Catia, Ionica, Maria, Kanxheri, Keida, Lerch, Michael L. F., Liberali, Valentino, Martino, Maurizio, Maruccio, Giuseppe, Mazza, Giovanni, Menichelli, Mauro, Monteduro, Anna Grazia, Moscatelli, Francesco, Morozzi, Arianna, Pallotta, Stefania, Papi, Andrea, Passeri, Daniele, Pedio, Maddalena, Petringa, Giada, Peverini, Francesca, Piccolo, Lorenzo, Placidi, Pisana, Quarta, Gianluca, Rizzato, Silvia, Rossi, Alessandro, Rossi, Giulia, de Rover, Vincent, Sabbatini, Federico, Servoli, Leonello, Stabile, Alberto, Talamonti, Cinzia, Tosti, Luca, Villani, Mattia, Wheadon, Richard J., Wyrsch, Nicolas, Zema, Nicola, and Petasecca, Marco

Subjects
Synchrotron Radiation, dosimetry, Microbeam, high dose-rate, resolution, beam, hydrogenated amorphous silicon, protocol, Radiation Damage, damage
Abstract

Objective. Microbeam radiation therapy (MRT) is an alternative emerging radiotherapy treatment modality which has demonstrated effective radioresistant tumour control while sparing surrounding healthy tissue in preclinical trials. This apparent selectivity is achieved through MRT combining ultra-high dose rates with micron-scale spatial fractionation of the delivered x-ray treatment field. Quality assurance dosimetry for MRT must therefore overcome a significant challenge, as detectors require both a high dynamic range and a high spatial resolution to perform accurately. Approach. In this work, a series of radiation hard a-Si:H diodes, with different thicknesses and carrier selective contact configurations, have been characterised for x-ray dosimetry and real-time beam monitoring applications in extremely high flux beamlines utilised for MRT at the Australian Synchrotron. Results. These devices displayed superior radiation hardness under constant high dose-rate irradiations on the order of 6000 Gy s(-1), with a variation in response of 10% over a delivered dose range of approximately 600 kGy. Dose linearity of each detector to x-rays with a peak energy of 117 keV is reported, with sensitivities ranging from (2.74 & PLUSMN; 0.02) nC/Gy to (4.96 & PLUSMN; 0.02) nC/Gy. For detectors with 0.8 & mu;m thick active a-Si:H layer, their operation in an edge-on orientation allows for the reconstruction of micron-size beam profiles (microbeams). The microbeams, with a nominal full-width-half-max of 50 & mu;m and a peak-to-peak separation of 400 & mu;m, were reconstructed with extreme accuracy. The full-width-half-max was observed as 55 & PLUSMN; 1 & mu;m. Evaluation of the peak-to-valley dose ratio and dose-rate dependence of the devices, as well as an x-ray induced charge (XBIC) map of a single pixel is also reported. Significance. These devices based on novel a-Si:H technology possess a unique combination of accurate dosimetric performance and radiation resistance, making them an ideal candidate for x-ray dosimetry in high dose-rate environments such as FLASH and MRT.

Published
2023

26. Observation of a Magnetic Switchback in the Solar Corona

Author

Telloni, Daniele, primary, Zank, Gary P., additional, Stangalini, Marco, additional, Downs, Cooper, additional, Liang, Haoming, additional, Nakanotani, Masaru, additional, Andretta, Vincenzo, additional, Antonucci, Ester, additional, Sorriso-Valvo, Luca, additional, Adhikari, Laxman, additional, Zhao, Lingling, additional, Marino, Raffaele, additional, Susino, Roberto, additional, Grimani, Catia, additional, Fabi, Michele, additional, D’Amicis, Raffaella, additional, Perrone, Denise, additional, Bruno, Roberto, additional, Carbone, Francesco, additional, Mancuso, Salvatore, additional, Romoli, Marco, additional, Deppo, Vania Da, additional, Fineschi, Silvano, additional, Heinzel, Petr, additional, Moses, John D., additional, Naletto, Giampiero, additional, Nicolini, Gianalfredo, additional, Spadaro, Daniele, additional, Teriaca, Luca, additional, Frassati, Federica, additional, Jerse, Giovanna, additional, Landini, Federico, additional, Pancrazzi, Maurizio, additional, Russano, Giuliana, additional, Sasso, Clementina, additional, Biondo, Ruggero, additional, Burtovoi, Aleksandr, additional, Capuano, Giuseppe E., additional, Casini, Chiara, additional, Casti, Marta, additional, Chioetto, Paolo, additional, Leo, Yara De, additional, Giarrusso, Marina, additional, Liberatore, Alessandro, additional, Berghmans, David, additional, Auchère, Frédéric, additional, Cuadrado, Regina Aznar, additional, Chitta, Lakshmi P., additional, Harra, Louise, additional, Kraaikamp, Emil, additional, Long, David M., additional, Mandal, Sudip, additional, Parenti, Susanna, additional, Pelouze, Gabriel, additional, Peter, Hardi, additional, Rodriguez, Luciano, additional, Schühle, Udo, additional, Schwanitz, Conrad, additional, Smith, Phil J., additional, Verbeeck, Cis, additional, and Zhukov, Andrei N., additional

Published
2022
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27. In-flight Metis radiometric performance verification using the light retro-reflected from its door

Author

Casini, Chiara, primary, Da Deppo, Vania, additional, Zuppella, Paola, additional, Chioetto, Paolo, additional, Frassetto, Fabio, additional, Romoli, Marco, additional, Landini, Federico, additional, Pancrazzi, Maurizio, additional, Andretta, Vincenzo, additional, De Leo, Yara, additional, Bemporad, Alessandro, additional, Corso, Alain Jodi, additional, Fabi, Michele, additional, Fineschi, Silvano, additional, Frassati, Federica, additional, Grimani, Catia, additional, Jerse, Giovanna, additional, Heerlein, Klaus, additional, Liberatore, Alessandro, additional, Magli, Enrico, additional, Naletto, Giampiero, additional, Nicolini, Giana, additional, Pelizzo, Maria Guglielmina, additional, Romano, Paolo, additional, Sasso, Clementina, additional, Schuehle, Udo, additional, Spadaro, Daniele, additional, Stangalini, Marco, additional, Straus, Thomas, additional, Susino, Roberto, additional, Teriaca, Luca, additional, Uslenghi, Michela, additional, Casti, Marta, additional, Heinzel, Petr, additional, and Volpicelli, Cosimo Antonio, additional

Published
2022
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28. Linking Small-scale Solar Wind Properties with Large-scale Coronal Source Regions through Joint Parker Solar Probe–Metis/Solar Orbiter Observations

Author

Telloni, Daniele, primary, Zank, Gary P., additional, Sorriso-Valvo, Luca, additional, D’Amicis, Raffaella, additional, Panasenco, Olga, additional, Susino, Roberto, additional, Bruno, Roberto, additional, Perrone, Denise, additional, Adhikari, Laxman, additional, Liang, Haoming, additional, Nakanotani, Masaru, additional, Zhao, Lingling, additional, Hadid, Lina Z., additional, Sánchez-Cano, Beatriz, additional, Verscharen, Daniel, additional, Velli, Marco, additional, Grimani, Catia, additional, Marino, Raffaele, additional, Carbone, Francesco, additional, Mancuso, Salvatore, additional, Biondo, Ruggero, additional, Pagano, Paolo, additional, Reale, Fabio, additional, Bale, Stuart D., additional, Kasper, Justin C., additional, Case, Anthony W., additional, de Wit, Thierry Dudok, additional, Goetz, Keith, additional, Harvey, Peter R., additional, Korreck, Kelly E., additional, Larson, Davin, additional, Livi, Roberto, additional, MacDowall, Robert J., additional, Malaspina, David M., additional, Pulupa, Marc, additional, Stevens, Michael L., additional, Whittlesey, Phyllis, additional, Romoli, Marco, additional, Andretta, Vincenzo, additional, Deppo, Vania Da, additional, Fineschi, Silvano, additional, Heinzel, Petr, additional, Moses, John D., additional, Naletto, Giampiero, additional, Nicolini, Gianalfredo, additional, Spadaro, Daniele, additional, Stangalini, Marco, additional, Teriaca, Luca, additional, Capobianco, Gerardo, additional, Capuano, Giuseppe E., additional, Casini, Chiara, additional, Casti, Marta, additional, Chioetto, Paolo, additional, Corso, Alain J., additional, Leo, Yara De, additional, Fabi, Michele, additional, Frassati, Federica, additional, Frassetto, Fabio, additional, Giordano, Silvio, additional, Guglielmino, Salvo L., additional, Jerse, Giovanna, additional, Landini, Federico, additional, Liberatore, Alessandro, additional, Magli, Enrico, additional, Massone, Giuseppe, additional, Messerotti, Mauro, additional, Pancrazzi, Maurizio, additional, Pelizzo, Maria G., additional, Romano, Paolo, additional, Sasso, Clementina, additional, Schühle, Udo, additional, Slemer, Alessandra, additional, Straus, Thomas, additional, Uslenghi, Michela, additional, Volpicelli, Cosimo A., additional, Zangrilli, Luca, additional, Zuppella, Paola, additional, Abbo, Lucia, additional, Auchère, Frédéric, additional, Cuadrado, Regina Aznar, additional, Berlicki, Arkadiusz, additional, Ciaravella, Angela, additional, Lamy, Philippe, additional, Lanzafame, Alessandro, additional, Malvezzi, Marco, additional, Nicolosi, Piergiorgio, additional, Nisticò, Giuseppe, additional, Peter, Hardi, additional, Solanki, Sami K., additional, Strachan, Leonard, additional, Tsinganos, Kanaris, additional, Ventura, Rita, additional, Vial, Jean-Claude, additional, Woch, Joachim, additional, and Zimbardo, Gaetano, additional

Published
2022
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29. Linking Small-scale Solar Wind Properties with Large-scale Coronal Source Regions through Joint Parker Solar Probe-Metis/Solar Orbiter Observations

Author

Telloni, Daniele, Zank, Gary P., Sorriso-Valvo, Luca, D'Amicis, Raffaella, Panasenco, Olga, Susino, Roberto, Bruno, Roberto, Perrone, Denise, Adhikari, Laxman, Liang, Haoming, Nakanotani, Masaru, Zhao, Lingling, Hadid, Lina Z., Sanchez-Cano, Beatriz, Verscharen, Daniel, Velli, Marco, Grimani, Catia, Marino, Raffaele, Carbone, Francesco, Mancuso, Salvatore, Biondo, Ruggero, Pagano, Paolo, Reale, Fabio, Bale, Stuart D., Kasper, Justin C., Case, Anthony W., de Wit, Thierry Dudok, Goetz, Keith, Harvey, Peter R., Korreck, Kelly E., Larson, Davin, Livi, Roberto, MacDowall, Robert J., Malaspina, David M., Pulupa, Marc, Stevens, Michael L., Whittlesey, Phyllis, Romoli, Marco, Andretta, Vincenzo, Da Deppo, Vania, Fineschi, Silvano, Heinzel, Petr, Moses, John D., Naletto, Giampiero, Nicolini, Gianalfredo, Spadaro, Daniele, Stangalini, Marco, Teriaca, Luca, Capobianco, Gerardo, Capuano, Giuseppe E., Casini, Chiara, Casti, Marta, Chioetto, Paolo, Corso, Alain J., De Leo, Yara, Fabi, Michele, Frassati, Federica, Frassetto, Fabio, Giordano, Silvio, Guglielmino, Salvo L., Jerse, Giovanna, Landini, Federico, Liberatore, Alessandro, Magli, Enrico, Massone, Giuseppe, Messerotti, Mauro, Pancrazzi, Maurizio, Pelizzo, Maria G., Romano, Paolo, Sasso, Clementina, Schuhle, Udo, Slemer, Alessandra, Straus, Thomas, Uslenghi, Michela, Volpicelli, Cosimo A., Zangrilli, Luca, Zuppella, Paola, Abbo, Lucia, Auchere, Frederic, Cuadrado, Regina Aznar, Berlicki, Arkadiusz, Ciaravella, Angela, Lamy, Philippe, Lanzafame, Alessandro, Malvezzi, Marco, Nicolosi, Piergiorgio, Nistico, Giuseppe, Peter, Hardi, Solanki, Sami K., Strachan, Leonard, Tsinganos, Kanaris, Ventura, Rita, Vial, Jean-Claude, Woch, Joachim, Zimbardo, Gaetano, Telloni, Daniele, Zank, Gary P., Sorriso-Valvo, Luca, D'Amicis, Raffaella, Panasenco, Olga, Susino, Roberto, Bruno, Roberto, Perrone, Denise, Adhikari, Laxman, Liang, Haoming, Nakanotani, Masaru, Zhao, Lingling, Hadid, Lina Z., Sanchez-Cano, Beatriz, Verscharen, Daniel, Velli, Marco, Grimani, Catia, Marino, Raffaele, Carbone, Francesco, Mancuso, Salvatore, Biondo, Ruggero, Pagano, Paolo, Reale, Fabio, Bale, Stuart D., Kasper, Justin C., Case, Anthony W., de Wit, Thierry Dudok, Goetz, Keith, Harvey, Peter R., Korreck, Kelly E., Larson, Davin, Livi, Roberto, MacDowall, Robert J., Malaspina, David M., Pulupa, Marc, Stevens, Michael L., Whittlesey, Phyllis, Romoli, Marco, Andretta, Vincenzo, Da Deppo, Vania, Fineschi, Silvano, Heinzel, Petr, Moses, John D., Naletto, Giampiero, Nicolini, Gianalfredo, Spadaro, Daniele, Stangalini, Marco, Teriaca, Luca, Capobianco, Gerardo, Capuano, Giuseppe E., Casini, Chiara, Casti, Marta, Chioetto, Paolo, Corso, Alain J., De Leo, Yara, Fabi, Michele, Frassati, Federica, Frassetto, Fabio, Giordano, Silvio, Guglielmino, Salvo L., Jerse, Giovanna, Landini, Federico, Liberatore, Alessandro, Magli, Enrico, Massone, Giuseppe, Messerotti, Mauro, Pancrazzi, Maurizio, Pelizzo, Maria G., Romano, Paolo, Sasso, Clementina, Schuhle, Udo, Slemer, Alessandra, Straus, Thomas, Uslenghi, Michela, Volpicelli, Cosimo A., Zangrilli, Luca, Zuppella, Paola, Abbo, Lucia, Auchere, Frederic, Cuadrado, Regina Aznar, Berlicki, Arkadiusz, Ciaravella, Angela, Lamy, Philippe, Lanzafame, Alessandro, Malvezzi, Marco, Nicolosi, Piergiorgio, Nistico, Giuseppe, Peter, Hardi, Solanki, Sami K., Strachan, Leonard, Tsinganos, Kanaris, Ventura, Rita, Vial, Jean-Claude, Woch, Joachim, and Zimbardo, Gaetano

Abstract

The solar wind measured in situ by Parker Solar Probe in the very inner heliosphere is studied in combination with the remote-sensing observation of the coronal source region provided by the METIS coronagraph aboard Solar Orbiter. The coronal outflows observed near the ecliptic by Metis on 2021 January 17 at 16:30 UT, between 3.5 and 6.3 R (circle dot) above the eastern solar limb, can be associated with the streams sampled by PSP at 0.11 and 0.26 au from the Sun, in two time intervals almost 5 days apart. The two plasma flows come from two distinct source regions, characterized by different magnetic field polarity and intensity at the coronal base. It follows that both the global and local properties of the two streams are different. Specifically, the solar wind emanating from the stronger magnetic field region has a lower bulk flux density, as expected, and is in a state of well-developed Alfvenic turbulence, with low intermittency. This is interpreted in terms of slab turbulence in the context of nearly incompressible magnetohydrodynamics. Conversely, the highly intermittent and poorly developed turbulent behavior of the solar wind from the weaker magnetic field region is presumably due to large magnetic deflections most likely attributed to the presence of switchbacks of interchange reconnection origin.

Published
2022
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30. Observation of a Magnetic Switchback in the Solar Corona

Author

Telloni, Daniele, Zank, Gary P., Stangalini, Marco, Downs, Cooper, Liang, Haoming, Nakanotani, Masaru, Andretta, Vincenzo, Antonucci, Ester, Sorriso-Valvo, Luca, Adhikari, Laxman, Zhao, Lingling, Marino, Raffaele, Susino, Roberto, Grimani, Catia, Fabi, Michele, D'Amicis, Raffaella, Perrone, Denise, Bruno, Roberto, Carbone, Francesco, Mancuso, Salvatore, Romoli, Marco, Da Deppo, Vania, Fineschi, Silvano, Heinzel, Petr, Moses, John D., Naletto, Giampiero, Nicolini, Gianalfredo, Spadaro, Daniele, Teriaca, Luca, Frassati, Federica, Jerse, Giovanna, Landini, Federico, Pancrazzi, Maurizio, Russano, Giuliana, Sasso, Clementina, Biondo, Ruggero, Burtovoi, Aleksandr, Capuano, Giuseppe E., Casini, Chiara, Casti, Marta, Chioetto, Paolo, De Leo, Yara, Giarrusso, Marina, Liberatore, Alessandro, Berghmans, David, Auchere, Frederic, Cuadrado, Regina Aznar, Chitta, Lakshmi P., Harra, Louise, Kraaikamp, Emil, Long, David M., Mandal, Sudip, Parenti, Susanna, Pelouze, Gabriel, Peter, Hardi, Rodriguez, Luciano, Schühle, Udo, Schwanitz, Conrad, Smith, Phil J., Verbeeck, Cis, Zhukov, Andrei N., Telloni, Daniele, Zank, Gary P., Stangalini, Marco, Downs, Cooper, Liang, Haoming, Nakanotani, Masaru, Andretta, Vincenzo, Antonucci, Ester, Sorriso-Valvo, Luca, Adhikari, Laxman, Zhao, Lingling, Marino, Raffaele, Susino, Roberto, Grimani, Catia, Fabi, Michele, D'Amicis, Raffaella, Perrone, Denise, Bruno, Roberto, Carbone, Francesco, Mancuso, Salvatore, Romoli, Marco, Da Deppo, Vania, Fineschi, Silvano, Heinzel, Petr, Moses, John D., Naletto, Giampiero, Nicolini, Gianalfredo, Spadaro, Daniele, Teriaca, Luca, Frassati, Federica, Jerse, Giovanna, Landini, Federico, Pancrazzi, Maurizio, Russano, Giuliana, Sasso, Clementina, Biondo, Ruggero, Burtovoi, Aleksandr, Capuano, Giuseppe E., Casini, Chiara, Casti, Marta, Chioetto, Paolo, De Leo, Yara, Giarrusso, Marina, Liberatore, Alessandro, Berghmans, David, Auchere, Frederic, Cuadrado, Regina Aznar, Chitta, Lakshmi P., Harra, Louise, Kraaikamp, Emil, Long, David M., Mandal, Sudip, Parenti, Susanna, Pelouze, Gabriel, Peter, Hardi, Rodriguez, Luciano, Schühle, Udo, Schwanitz, Conrad, Smith, Phil J., Verbeeck, Cis, and Zhukov, Andrei N.

Abstract

Switchbacks are sudden, large radial deflections of the solar wind magnetic field, widely revealed in interplanetary space by the Parker Solar Probe. The switchbacks' formation mechanism and sources are still unresolved, although candidate mechanisms include Alfvenic turbulence, shear-driven Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities, interchange reconnection, and geometrical effects related to the Parker spiral. This Letter presents observations from the Metis coronagraph on board a Solar Orbiter of a single large propagating S-shaped vortex, interpreted as the first evidence of a switchback in the solar corona. It originated above an active region with the related loop system bounded by open-field regions to the east and west. Observations, modeling, and theory provide strong arguments in favor of the interchange reconnection origin of switchbacks. Metis measurements suggest that the initiation of the switchback may also be an indicator of the origin of slow solar wind.

Published
2022
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32. Crowdfunding and Blockchain Economics

Author

Fabi, Michele, Ellman, Matthew, Benjamin Ellman, Matthew, and Macho Stadler, Inés

Subjects
Blockchain, Ciències Humanes, Criptomonedes, Crowdfunding
Abstract

La tesis doctoral ‘Crowdfunding and Blockchain Economics’, contiene tres artículos teóricos escritos por Michele Fabi, dos de los cuales (el segundo y tercer capítulo) han sido escritos en coautoría con Matthew Ellman. En términos generales, esta disertación investiga los fenómenos económicos resultantes de la digitalización de la economía, en particular los que se refieren al ‘crowdfunding’ y a los mercados de criptomonedas manejados a través de la tecnología ‘blockchain’. La metodología de investigación es teórica, pero tiene claras implicaciones prácticas, ya que proporciona respuestas preliminares a cuestiones vitales sobre la sostenibilidad, planeación y regulación de dichas tecnologías, así como sobre sus impactos en el bienestar de la economía. El primer capítulo, ‘The Cryptocurrency Mining Dilemma,’ proporciona un modelo que evalúa la eficacia de como el diseño de una criptomoneda descentralizada paga a sus ‘mineros’ (cryptocurrency miners). Ellos son los que mantienen el sistema monetario, actualizando las transacciones de criptomonedas en su ‘blockchain.’ Específicamente, este capítulo examina si es mejor que reciban una compensación a través del señoraje de la inflación de la criptomoneda, o si es mejor que reciban tal compensación de las tarifas aplicadas a vendedores y compradores de bienes de consumo que usan la criptomoneda como herramienta de pago. El capítulo ofrece un marco teórico que, por un lado, modela las ganancias del comercio como motivo para mantener una criptomoneda descentralizada y, por otro, modela los incentivos de los individuos para volverse mineros, y así competir para actuar como validadores y comunicadores de todas las transacciones de una dada criptomoneda. El análisis demuestra que una criptomoneda que paga a sus mineros solo con el señoraje de la inflación no es óptima (ni viable), porque no les brinda incentivos para actualizar el ‘blockchain’, causando así una ineficiencia. El segundo capítulo, ‘A Theory of Crowdfunding Dynamics,’ proporciona un análisis formal y riguroso de la dinámica de las pujas en el ‘crowdfunding All-or-Nothing’ (AON). Este capítulo brinda un análisis general de los impulsores de la dinámica de pujas, explicando así los patrones de pujas en forma de U (‘U-shape’) que emergen de la observación de los datos. El modelo muestra que un amplio espectro de las posibles dinámicas. Éstas se explican por medio de la variación temporal en la importancia estratégica de los postores (‘pivotality’), y su reacción de promedio a las noticias que se les revelan con el tiempo (el capítulo se refiere a este efecto como el ‘Jensen effect’ ya que su signo está determinado por la desigualdad de Jensen). Basándose sobre el análisis de estos efectos, el capítulo proporciona una racionalización de la forma de U y una mayor variedad de otras dinámicas. El tercer capítulo, ‘Crowdfunding with Endogenously Timed Moves,’ amplía el modelo presentado en el capítulo dos, donde cada postor descubre las campañas de crowdfunding de manera casual y exógena y actúa una sola vez en ese momento. En cambio, el modelo presentado en este capítulo permite que los postores puedan pedir a la plataforma de crowdfunding que les recuerde de volver a visitar la campaña más tarde, así dándoles la oportunidad de posponer su decisión de informarse y contribuir al crowdfunding. De esta manera, el momento exacto de las pujas se vuelve endógeno. Esta extensión se justifica por la característica común de las ‘Remind-me options’ que suelen ofrecer las plataformas de crowdfunding. El capítulo analiza plenamente las campañas con una meta de dos pujas. The doctoral dissertation, entitled ‘Crowdfunding and Blockchain Economics’ contains three theoretical papers by Michele Fabi, among which two (chapters two and three) are written in co-authorship with his academic advisor Matthew Ellman. In general, the dissertation investigates economic phenomena related to the digitalization of the modern economy; in particular, crowdfunding and cryptocurrency markets managed by blockchain. These are practical technologies that are increasingly used and have entered the public debate because of new regulatory questions. The thesis is purely theoretical but already provides preliminary answers to vital questions about sustainability and welfare. So, it has a clear practical importance. The first chapter, ‘The Cryptocurrency Mining Dilemma,’ assesses the central question for the design of a decentralized cryptocurrency of how to reward its ‘miners’. That is, those who upkeep the currency system by record-keeping its transactions on a blockchain. Concretely, the fundamental question that the chapter addresses is whether they are best compensated via seigniorage from currency inflation, or fees from buyers and sellers that trade using the cryptocurrency, or a mix of the two. The chapter provides a framework that, on one hand, models gains from trade as the motive for holding cryptocurrency and, on the other hand, models individuals’ incentives to become miners and compete to act as validators and communicators of all transactions in the currency. The analysis proves that inflation-only is not optimal (and not even feasible) because it does cryptocurrency miners the incentives to update the record of transactions on the blockchain, causing an inefficiency. The second chapter, ‘A Theory of Crowdfunding Dynamics,’ provides a rigorous, formal analysis of bid dynamics in All-or-Nothing (AON) crowdfunding to explain the U-shape contribution patterns that crowdfunding data exhibit. The model developed in this chapter can predict possible dynamics based on the temporal variation in bidders pivotality, or strategic importance, and their average reaction to news that are revealed over time (their effect is called the Jensen effect since its sign is determined by Jensen’s inequality). The combination of these effects provides a rationale for the U-shape together with a wide spectrum of other possible dynamics. The third chapter, ‘Crowdfunding with Endogenously Timed Moves,’ extends the dynamic crowdfunding benchmark of chapter two in which bidders join the crowdfunding campaign at exogenous, random times and act only upon arrival. On the contrary, the model developed in this chapter allows arriving bidders to revisit the campaign later. This extension is justified by the common feature of ‘Remind me’ options that crowdfunding platforms usually provide. The chapter fully analyzes crowdfunding campaign with a funding threshold satisfied by two bids.

Published
2021

33. Crowdfunding and Blockchain Economics

Author

Benjamin Ellman, Matthew, Macho Stadler, Inés, Fabi, Michele, Benjamin Ellman, Matthew, Macho Stadler, Inés, and Fabi, Michele

Abstract

La tesis doctoral 'Crowdfunding and Blockchain Economics', contiene tres artículos teóricos escritos por Michele Fabi, dos de los cuales (el segundo y tercer capítulo) han sido escritos en coautoría con Matthew Ellman. En términos generales, esta disertación investiga los fenómenos económicos resultantes de la digitalización de la economía, en particular los que se refieren al 'crowdfunding' y a los mercados de criptomonedas manejados a través de la tecnología 'blockchain'. La metodología de investigación es teórica, pero tiene claras implicaciones prácticas, ya que proporciona respuestas preliminares a cuestiones vitales sobre la sostenibilidad, planeación y regulación de dichas tecnologías, así como sobre sus impactos en el bienestar de la economía. El primer capítulo, 'The Cryptocurrency Mining Dilemma,' proporciona un modelo que evalúa la eficacia de como el diseño de una criptomoneda descentralizada paga a sus 'mineros' (cryptocurrency miners). Ellos son los que mantienen el sistema monetario, actualizando las transacciones de criptomonedas en su 'blockchain.' Específicamente, este capítulo examina si es mejor que reciban una compensación a través del señoraje de la inflación de la criptomoneda, o si es mejor que reciban tal compensación de las tarifas aplicadas a vendedores y compradores de bienes de consumo que usan la criptomoneda como herramienta de pago. El capítulo ofrece un marco teórico que, por un lado, modela las ganancias del comercio como motivo para mantener una criptomoneda descentralizada y, por otro, modela los incentivos de los individuos para volverse mineros, y así competir para actuar como validadores y comunicadores de todas las transacciones de una dada criptomoneda. El análisis demuestra que una criptomoneda que paga a sus mineros solo con el señoraje de la inflación no es óptima (ni viable), porque no les brinda incentivos para actualizar el 'blockchain', causando así una ineficiencia. El segundo capítulo, 'A Theory of Crowdfunding Dynam, The doctoral dissertation, entitled 'Crowdfunding and Blockchain Economics' contains three theoretical papers by Michele Fabi, among which two (chapters two and three) are written in co-authorship with his academic advisor Matthew Ellman. In general, the dissertation investigates economic phenomena related to the digitalization of the modern economy; in particular, crowdfunding and cryptocurrency markets managed by blockchain. These are practical technologies that are increasingly used and have entered the public debate because of new regulatory questions. The thesis is purely theoretical but already provides preliminary answers to vital questions about sustainability and welfare. So, it has a clear practical importance. The first chapter, 'The Cryptocurrency Mining Dilemma,' assesses the central question for the design of a decentralized cryptocurrency of how to reward its 'miners'. That is, those who upkeep the currency system by record-keeping its transactions on a blockchain. Concretely, the fundamental question that the chapter addresses is whether they are best compensated via seigniorage from currency inflation, or fees from buyers and sellers that trade using the cryptocurrency, or a mix of the two. The chapter provides a framework that, on one hand, models gains from trade as the motive for holding cryptocurrency and, on the other hand, models individuals' incentives to become miners and compete to act as validators and communicators of all transactions in the currency. The analysis proves that inflation-only is not optimal (and not even feasible) because it does cryptocurrency miners the incentives to update the record of transactions on the blockchain, causing an inefficiency. The second chapter, 'A Theory of Crowdfunding Dynamics,' provides a rigorous, formal analysis of bid dynamics in All-or-Nothing (AON) crowdfunding to explain the U-shape contribution patterns that crowdfunding data exhibit. The model developed in this chapter can predict possible dy

Published
2021

36. Challenges during Metis-Solar Orbiter commissioning phase

Author

Romoli, Marco, primary, Andretta, Vincenzo, additional, Bemporad, Alessandro, additional, Casti, Marta, additional, Da Deppo, Vania, additional, De Leo, Yara, additional, Fabi, Michele, additional, Fineschi, Silvano, additional, Frassetto, Fabio, additional, Grimani, Catia, additional, Heerlein, Klaus, additional, Heinzel, Petr, additional, Jerse, Giovanna, additional, Landini, Federico, additional, Liberatore, Alessandro, additional, Magli, Enrico, additional, Naletto, Giampiero, additional, Nicolini, Gianalfredo, additional, Pancrazzi, Maurizio, additional, Pelizzo, Maria Guglielmina, additional, Romano, Paolo, additional, Sasso, Clementina, additional, Schühle, Udo, additional, Slemer, Alessandra, additional, Spadaro, Daniele, additional, Straus, Thomas, additional, Susino, Roberto, additional, Teriaca, Luca, additional, Uslenghi, Michela C., additional, Volpicelli, Cosimo Antonio, additional, and Zupella, Paola, additional

Published
2021
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37. In-flight optical performance assessment for the Metis solar coronagraph

Author

Da Deppo, Vania, primary, Chioetto, Paolo, additional, Andretta, Vincenzo, additional, Casini, Chiara, additional, Frassetto, Fabio, additional, Slemer, Alessandra, additional, Zuppella, Paola, additional, Romoli, Marco, additional, Fineschi, Silvano, additional, Heinzel, Petr, additional, Naletto, Giampiero, additional, Nicolini, Gianalfredo, additional, Spadaro, Daniele, additional, Stangalini, Marco, additional, Teriaca, Luca, additional, Bemporad, Alessandro, additional, Casti, Marta, additional, Fabi, Michele, additional, Grimani, Catia, additional, Heerlein, Klaus, additional, Jerse, Giovanna, additional, Landini, Federico, additional, Liberatore, Alessandro, additional, Magli, Enrico, additional, Melich, Radek, additional, Pancrazzi, Maurizio, additional, Pelizzo, Maria-G., additional, Romano, Paolo, additional, Sasso, Clementina, additional, Straus, Thomas, additional, Susino, Roberto, additional, Uslenghi, Michela, additional, and Volpicelli, Cosimo Antonio, additional

Published
2021
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39. The MDOR/PDOR on-line module for MISO, the planning software of Solar Orbiter instruments

Author

Volpicelli, Antonio, primary, Landini, Federico, additional, Pancrazzi, Maurizio, additional, Straus, Thomas, additional, Susino, Roberto, additional, Nicolini, Gianalfredo, additional, Sasso, Clementina, additional, Fabi, Michele, additional, De Leo, Yara, additional, Casini, Chiara, additional, Naletto, Giampiero, additional, Nicolosi, Piergiorgio, additional, Spadaro, Daniele, additional, Andretta, Vincenzo, additional, Antonucci, Ester, additional, Fineschi, Silvano, additional, Da Deppo, Vania, additional, Zuppella, Paola, additional, Frassetto, Fabio, additional, Slemer, Alessandra, additional, Mercier, Claude, additional, Kouliche, Dimitri, additional, Caminade, Stephane, additional, Picard, David, additional, Buchlin, Eric, additional, Auchère, Frédéric, additional, and Romoli, Marco, additional

Published
2020
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43. In flight stray light estimate for the Solar Orbiter/Metis coronagraph.

Author

Landini, Federico, Romoli, Marco, Nicolini, Gianalfredo, Frassetto, Fabio, Susino, Roberto, Abbo, Lucia, Andretta, Vincenzo, Burtovoi, Aleksandr, Casini, Chiara, Chioetto, Paolo, Corso, Alain J., Da Deppo, Vania, De Leo, Yara, Fabi, Michele, Fineschi, Silvano, Frassati, Federica, Grimani, Catia, Heinzel, Petr, Jerse, Giovanna, and Liberatore, Alessandro

Published
2024
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44. Low-energy electromagnetic processes affecting free-falling test-mass charging for LISA and future space interferometers.

Author

Grimani, Catia, Cesarini, Andrea, Fabi, Michele, and Villani, Mattia

Subjects
INTERFEROMETERS, SPACE interferometry, MONTE Carlo method, GALACTIC cosmic rays, SOLAR energetic particles, ELECTRON backscattering, HEAVY nuclei, ELECTRON impact ionization
Abstract

Galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles charge gold-platinum, free-falling test masses (TMs) on board interferometers for the detection of gravitational waves in space. The charging process induces spurious forces on the test masses that affect the sensitivity of these instruments mainly below 10−3 Hz. Geant4 and FLUKA Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to study the TM charging process on board the LISA Pathfinder mission that remained into orbit around the Sun–Earth Lagrange point L1 between 2016 and 2017. While a good agreement was observed between simulations and measurements of the TMs net charging, the shot noise associated with charging fluctuations of both positive and negative particles resulted 3–4 times higher that predicted. The origin of this mismatch was attributed to the propagation of electrons and photons only above 100 eV in the simulations. In this paper, low-energy electromagnetic processes to be included in the future Monte Carlo simulations for LISA and LISA-like space interferometers TM charging are considered. It is found that electrons and photons below 100 eV give a contribution to the effective charging comparable to that of the whole sample of particles above this energy. In particular, for incident protons ionization contributes twice with respect to low energy kinetic emission and electron backscattering. The other processes are found to play a negligible role. For heavy nuclei only sputtering must be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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45. Challenges during Metis-Solar Orbiter commissioning phase

Author

Cugny, Bruno, Sodnik, Zoran, Karafolas, Nikos, Romoli, Marco, Andretta, Vincenzo, Bemporad, Alessandro, Casti, Marta, Da Deppo, Vania, De Leo, Yara, Fabi, Michele, Fineschi, Silvano, Frassetto, Fabio, Grimani, Catia, Heerlein, Klaus, Heinzel, Petr, Jerse, Giovanna, Landini, Federico, Liberatore, Alessandro, Magli, Enrico, Naletto, Giampiero, Nicolini, Gianalfredo, Pancrazzi, Maurizio, Pelizzo, Maria Guglielmina, Romano, Paolo, Sasso, Clementina, Schühle, Udo, Slemer, Alessandra, Spadaro, Daniele, Straus, Thomas, Susino, Roberto, Teriaca, Luca, Uslenghi, Michela, Volpicelli, Cosimo Antonio, and Zupella, Paola

Published
2021
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47. The MDOR/PDOR on-line module for MISO, the planning software of Solar Orbiter instruments

Author

Guzman, Juan C., Ibsen, Jorge, Volpicelli, Cosimo, Landini, Federico, Pancrazzi, Maurizio, Straus, Thomas, Susino, Roberto, Nicolini, Gianalfredo, Sasso, Clementina, Fabi, Michele, De Leo, Yara, Casini, Chiara, Naletto, Giampiero, Nicolosi, Piergiorgio, Spadaro, Daniele, Andretta, Vincenzo, Antonucci, Ester, Fineschi, Silvano, Da Deppo, Vania, Zuppella, Paola, Frassetto, Fabio, Slemer, Alessandra, Mercier, Claude, Kouliche, Dimitri, Caminade, Stephane, Picard, David, Buchlin, Eric, Auchère, Frédéric, and Romoli, Marco

Published
2020
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50. Metis aboard the Solar Orbiter space mission: Doses from Galactic Cosmic Rays and Solar Energetic Particles.

Author

Telloni, Daniele, Fabi, Michele, Grimani, Catia, and Antonucci, Ester

Subjects
*GALACTIC cosmic rays, *SOLAR energetic particles, *POLARISCOPE, *CORONAGRAPHS, *MONTE Carlo method, *SPACE vehicle orbits, *GAMMA rays
Abstract

The aim of this work is to calculate the dose released by galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) and solar energetic particles (SEPs) in the polarimeter of the Multi Element Telescope for Imaging and Spectroscopy (METIS) coronagraph [1] aboard the Solar Orbiter. This investigation is performed with a Monte Carlo method by considering the role of SEP events of proper intensity at a heliocentric distance from the Sun averaged along the spacecraft orbit. Our approach can be extended to other space missions reaching short distances from the Sun, such as Solar Probe Plus. This study indicates that the deposited dose on the whole set of polarimeter lenses and filters during ten years of the Solar Orbiter mission is of about 2000 Gy. For cerium treated lenses, a dose of 106 Gy of gamma radiation from a 60Co source causes a few percent transmittance loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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