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The collisionless unmagnetized five components dusty plasmas have been considered to study the significance of the face‐to‐face collision of single‐ and multi‐solitons, phase shifts due to face‐to‐face collision, and instability of the dust acoustic waves in Jupiter's environment. To study the consequence of face‐to‐face collision extended Poincaré–Lighthill–Kuo method is used to derive the two‐sided nonlinear Korteweg–De Vries (KdV) equation. Besides, to investigate the dust acoustic wave's instability, the nonlinear Schrödinger equation has been derived following the procedure of Slathia et al. The multi‐soliton solutions are determined by employing the Hirota bilinear method. The concerned parameters in the issue play a crucial role in the phase shift (generated by the face‐to‐face collision); the collisional process of single‐, double‐, triple‐, and quadruple‐soliton; and the generation of dust acoustic solitons. Furthermore, the plasma parameters are crucial in the formation of dark solitons and envelop shocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facial expressions are among the earliest behaviors infants use to express emotional states, and are crucial to preverbal social interaction. Manual coding of infant facial expressions, however, is laborious and poses limitations to replicability. Recent developments in computer vision have advanced automated facial expression analyses in adults, providing reproducible results at lower time investment. Baby FaceReader 9 is commercially available software for automated measurement of infant facial expressions, but has received little validation. We compared Baby FaceReader 9 output to manual micro-coding of positive, negative, or neutral facial expressions in a longitudinal dataset of 58 infants at 4 and 8 months of age during naturalistic face-to-face interactions with the mother, father, and an unfamiliar adult. Baby FaceReader 9's global emotional valence formula yielded reasonable classification accuracy (AUC =.81) for discriminating manually coded positive from negative/neutral facial expressions; however, the discrimination of negative from neutral facial expressions was not reliable (AUC =.58). Automatically detected a priori action unit (AU) configurations for distinguishing positive from negative facial expressions based on existing literature were also not reliable. A parsimonious approach using only automatically detected smiling (AU12) yielded good performance for discriminating positive from negative/neutral facial expressions (AUC =.86). Likewise, automatically detected brow lowering (AU3+AU4) reliably distinguished neutral from negative facial expressions (AUC =.79). These results provide initial support for the use of selected automatically detected individual facial actions to index positive and negative affect in young infants, but shed doubt on the accuracy of complex a priori formulas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the strategic sequential options used to open a real workplace discourse in public utilities between Jordanian inquirers and employees. We examined how these opening moves are co-constructed and function, what linguistic choices are utilized to articulate these moves, and how they reflect socio-cultural relations between the interlocutors. The data reported here were drawn from seven employees and 100 Jordanian inquirers recruited from those approaching the organization and the employees responding to face-to-face inquiries. To achieve this, we adopted Al-Ali and Abu-Abah’s (2021) sequential moves observed in Jordanians’ telephone conversation openings. The moves identified in the data analyzed can be categorized into three groups: cross-culture-free phatic components (Greeting, Question-After-You (QAY)), socio-culture-bound components (Expressing hospitality, Invoking God-wishes, and Introducing oneself), and context-bound components (Expressing annoyance, and Topic introducer). Contextual and socio-cultural practices of Arabic speakers result in new moves that have led to a delayed switch to the core topic. Such a practice can be related to relationships in Arab culture established upon collectivism and indirectness that focus on rapport-building exchanges. Such findings will, hopefully, contribute to understanding how interlocutors use socio-cultural and religious affiliations to co-construct the components of this genre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIn the field of modern education, the meteoric rise in distance learning in higher education has brought unprecedented convenience and accessibility. Yet, beneath the surface of this educational revolution lies the issues of academic stress and burnout among students, particularly distance education students. Therefore, this study examined academic stress and burnout among distance education students at the University of Education, Winneba, Cape Coast Study Center. A quantitative approach was adopted in this study, employing a descriptive cross-sectional survey design. In total, 231 students were selected for this study. The Academic Stress Inventory and Academic Burnout Inventory were adapted as the data collection instruments for this study. Descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages) and inferential statistics (Two-way MANOVA) were used to analyse the data. This study revealed that distance education students had moderate levels of academic stress and burnout. Additionally, there were no significant gender differences in academic stress and burnout. Conversely, the study discovered significant differences in academic stress, personal burnout, and studies-related burnout based on programme of study. In addition, it was revealed that the interaction effect of gender and programme of study had no significant influence on distance education students’ academic stress and burnout. Consequently, it was recommended that educational institutions should consider creating support programmes tailored specifically for distance education students. These programmes can offer guidance on stress management techniques, time management skills, and resources to help students cope with the demands of their programme.

Support-seeking, a critical and strategic function of close relationships, is increasingly practiced via texting. Guided by attachment theory and an affordance-centric approach, this study investigated to what extent individuals in a romantic relationship would use texting and face-to-face for support-seeking, and what stimulates their interest in mediated support-seeking. A survey of college students in exclusive romantic relationships (N = 211) found that several affordances (i.e., accessibility, the availability of social cues, and conversation control) were associated with varying levels of interest in texting or face-to-face for support-seeking. Both accessibility and the availability of social cues were perceived as less important by avoidant individuals, which was related to a lack of interest in texting and face-to-face interactions for support-seeking. Anxious individuals valued the availability of social cues more, which led to a greater interest in face-to-face interactions when seeking assistance. These findings contribute to a better understanding of support-seeking behavior in today's mediated world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In popular narratives, the first date with a potential mate often centers on their gaze as embodiment of interest and attraction. However, evidence is still lacking on the role of eye-contact as a potent signal in human social interaction in the context of dating. In addition, behavioral mechanisms of mate selection are not well understood. In the present study, we therefore examined mutual eye-contact and its influence on mate choice by applying dual mobile eye-tracking during naturalistic speed-dates. A total of 30 male and 30 female subjects attended four speed-dates each (N = 240). Subjects were more likely to choose those dating partners with whom they shared more eye-contact with. In addition, perceived attractiveness played an important role for mate choice. Interestingly, receiving but not giving eye-contact also predicted individual mate choice. Eye-contact thus acts as an important signal of romantic attraction when encountering a dating partner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Management & Organization Review is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper investigates musical relationships in the case of the early mother-infant dyadic interactions. To accomplish this task, it is first needed to come back to some important authors from the tradition of both phenomenology and psychoanalysis. The theories of Husserl, Schutz and Taipale will prove themselves to be useful. Secondly, I shall deepen the investigation of the early mother-infant interactions through the prism of theories coming from Winnicott, Stern and Thomas Fuchs. My main task will be to demonstrate that these early interactions have a musical quality, similar to Colwyn Trevarthen's thematization of communicative musicality. To prove my point, I have to first establish the features that make these early interactions be musical-like. Winnicott's potential space and the example of babbling will follow my argumentation. I will also stress on the importance of the face-to-face interaction through affect attunement and mutual tuning-in. All these interactions are modes of being-with-another (Stern). An example will be found throughout this paper, namely a specific mode of being-with-another, which was called by Winnicott the primary maternal preoccupation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: People with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) usually exhibit typical behaviours and thoughts that are called autistic traits. Autistic traits are widely and continuously distributed among typically developed (TD) and ASD populations. Previous studies have found that people with ASD have difficulty in following the eye gaze of social peers. However, it remains unknown whether TD adults with high or low autistic traits also differ in spontaneous gaze following and initiation in face‐to‐face social interactions. To fill this gap, this study used a novel and naturalistic gaze‐cueing paradigm to examine this research question. Design: A 4 (group: high‐high, high‐low, low‐high or low‐low autistic traits) × 3 (congruency: congruent, neutral, or incongruent) mixed‐measures design was used. Methods: Typically developed adults who were high or low in autistic traits completed a visual search task while a confederate who was high or low in autistic traits sat facing them. Critically, the match of autistic traits within a participant–confederate pair was manipulated. The confederate gazed at (congruent) or away from (incongruent) the location of the target prior to the appearance of the target. Participants were not explicitly instructed to follow the confederate's gaze. Results: Autistic traits were associated with spontaneous gaze following and initiation in face‐to‐face social interactions. Specifically, only when both the participant and confederate were low in autistic traits did the incongruent gaze cues of confederates interfere with the participants' responses. Conclusions: Autistic traits impeded gaze following and initiation by TD adults. This study has theoretical and practical implications regarding autistic trait‐induced social deficits and indicates a new approach for social skill interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is increasingly important for technical systems to be able to interact flexibly, robustly and fluently with humans in real-world scenarios. However, while current AI systems excel at narrow task competencies, they lack crucial interaction abilities for the adaptive and co-constructed social interactions that humans engage in. We argue that a possible avenue to tackle the corresponding computational modelling challenges is to embrace interactive theories of social understanding in humans. We propose the notion of socially enactive cognitive systems that do not rely solely on abstract and (quasi-)complete internal models for separate social perception, reasoning and action. By contrast, socially enactive cognitive agents are supposed to enable a close interlinking of the enactive socio-cognitive processing loops within each agent, and the social-communicative loop between them. We discuss theoretical foundations of this view, identify principles and requirements for according computational approaches, and highlight three examples of our own research that showcase the interaction abilities achievable in this way. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Face2face: advancing the science of social interaction'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pervasive phenomenon of adaptivity in face-to-face interaction is described inconsistently, using numerous concepts (e.g. alignment/attunement/complementarity/imitation/reciprocity/scaffolding/synchrony), impeding the streamlining of adaptivity research. We explored 33 adaptivity concepts and various adaptivity theories from different fields. We developed a theory-based conceptual framework consisting of two key dimensions. Relatedness refers to how people's actions should relate to each other to be considered adaptive and is described in terms of sameness (e.g. both friendly), oppositeness (e.g. dominant/submissive), or specified attentiveness (dissimilar acts). Responsivity refers to the timing of people's actions (sequential/simultaneous). The framework helps to understand what key elements adaptivity consists of. The framework can help transcending the concept and discipline level and examining and synthesizing research pertaining to adaptivity with similar dimensional characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his essay on the cockfight, Clifford Geertz charted a now familiar course in anthropological argument. He showed how the minute details of a practice can dramatize cultural ideas about it. Many anthropologists since have been persuaded that "practice" matters, that carefully examining the conduct of events is bound to reveal something about the status of such events in cultural life. This article reflects on the role of video footage in this equation, arguing that footage is useful for, among other things, tempering assumptions that all practice is thick with reflexive meaning relevant to its overarching type. Through an extended example drawn from my research on gambling in Laos, I suggest that, when squinted at in the right way while writing and thinking, video footage can be a heuristic for countering the urge to reduce practice into a cultural gestalt, in which all interactional details carry the same meaningful architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation uses the two-process model of needs to explore differences between face-to-face communication and interpersonal media in terms of belongingness need satisfaction. Using experience sampling methods, Study 1 (N  =   117) explored change in feelings of loneliness and connection from interpersonal media use within a day. Study 2 (N  =   1,747) examined the association between loneliness and life satisfaction as mediated by patterns of interpersonal media use in the year following the COVID-19 outbreak. Study 3 (N  =   303) experimentally manipulated social belonging to examine changes in interpersonal media use and resulting feelings of connection and disconnection. Overall, when individuals were more connected, their behaviors were more consistent with the two-process model, compared to when they felt disconnected. Additionally, although some interpersonal media use was better than no social contact at all, interpersonal media are not equally capable of satisfying belongingness needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dyadic isolation is the tendency of some individuals to be involved in pairwise interactions rather than in larger group interactions. This article investigates the interpersonal processes associated with the dyadic isolation of individuals with depressive symptoms. We hypothesize that such individuals tend to initiate more and stay longer in dyadic interactions compared to group interactions (dyadic preference hypothesis) and that individuals—irrespective of their own level of depressive symptoms—tend to join and stay longer in interactions when interaction partners have lower levels of depressive symptoms (depression avoidance hypothesis). We analyze two data sets (N = 123) of face-to-face interaction events (N = 86,915) collected with proximity badges at a social event. Hypotheses are tested using a relational event model (DyNAM-i) specifically tailored for modeling group interactions. In line with the dyadic preference hypotheses, individuals with higher levels of depressive symptoms are found to be more likely to join and stay in dyadic interactions. Post hoc analyses reveal that this result only applies to female participants. We find limited support for the depression avoidance hypotheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile technology plays an equal role with face-to-face interaction in the learning process in this current era. One of the most commonly utilized technologies is the use of social media integrated with the face-to-face teaching and learning as called a blended-learning. This recent study aims: (1) to investigate how the blended learning process is operated, (2) to determine students’ perceptions in learning English through blended learning. This study was an explanatory mixed-method research design using observation, questionnaire, and interview as instruments to collect data from the purposively selected 26 students. The results of this study indicated that the process of learning English through blended learning both offline (face-to-face) and online (WhatsApp application) was well-implemented. Besides, students also showed a lot of positive perceptions when learning English through blended learning utilizing social media of WhatsApp and through the face-to-face form of language learning interaction. Thus, the researchers concluded that blended learning maintains essential behavioral, cognitive, and emotional aspects in English learning.

We present a dataset of behavioural and fMRI observations acquired in the context of humans involved in multimodal referential communication. The dataset contains audio/video and motion-tracking recordings of face-to-face, task-based communicative interactions in Dutch, as well as behavioural and neural correlates of participants’ representations of dialogue referents. Seventy-one pairs of unacquainted participants performed two interleaved interactional tasks in which they described and located 16 novel geometrical objects (i.e., Fribbles) yielding spontaneous interactions of about one hour. We share high-quality video (from three cameras), audio (from head-mounted microphones), and motion-tracking (Kinect) data, as well as speech transcripts of the interactions. Before and after engaging in the face-to-face communicative interactions, participants’ individual representations of the 16 Fribbles were estimated. Behaviourally, participants provided a written description (one to three words) for each Fribble and positioned them along 29 independent conceptual dimensions (e.g., rounded, human, audible). Neurally, fMRI signal evoked by each Fribble was measured during a one-back working-memory task. To enable functional hyperalignment across participants, the dataset also includes fMRI measurements obtained during visual presentation of eight animated movies (35 min total). We present analyses for the various types of data demonstrating their quality and consistency with earlier research. Besides high-resolution multimodal interactional data, this dataset includes different correlates of communicative referents, obtained before and after face-to-face dialogue, allowing for novel investigations into the relation between communicative behaviours and the representational space shared by communicators. This unique combination of data can be used for research in neuroscience, psychology, linguistics, and beyond.

Lack of social interaction is associated with a heightened sense of loneliness and, in turn, poorer psychological well-being. Despite the prevalence of communicating with others virtually even when physically alone, whether the social interaction–loneliness–well-being relationship is different between face-to-face and virtual interactions and between younger and older adults is relatively understudied. This 21-day diary study examined this question among younger (n = 91; M age = 22.87) and older (n = 107; M age = 64.53) Hong Kong participants during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic (March–May 2020). We found significant indirect effects of shorter face-to-face interaction time on poorer psychological well-being via a heightened sense of loneliness at the within-person level only among younger adults and at the between-person level only among older adults. Independent of loneliness, spending more time with others on virtual interactions was associated with better psychological well-being only among older adults. Taken together, while the mechanisms may be different across age groups, face-to-face interaction remains an effective way to reduce loneliness and enhance psychological well-being even at times when it is discouraged (e.g., pandemic). Although virtual interaction does not reduce loneliness, its positive impact on older adults' well-being sheds light on the utility of promoting technological acceptance in late adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted a comparative study to evaluate the efficacy of synchronous and asynchronous interaction modes when providing feedback for improving academic writing, achievement motivation and critical thinking. The participants undertook an academic writing task, and were given feedback by a mentor using one of three interaction modes: asynchronous, synchronous e-feedback, and face to face. Data was collected from the participants via an assessment rubric applied to their writing after each stage of interaction, along with pretest and posttest questionnaires, and a semi-structured interview at the end. We found that synchronous feedback is more effective in increasing the quality of academic writing and achievement motivation, but for critical thinking we did not find any significant difference. We suggest that a strategy combining the advantages of each mode of interaction, considering the writers’ experience, may be the most effective way to promote academic writing, achievement motivation and critical thinking.

This study investigated the oculomotor performance in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) during a face-to-face conversation. A head mounted eye tracker recorded the eye movements in 20 children with ASD and 23 children with typical development (TD). Group comparisons were conducted on the randomness and the quantity of eye movement. The amount of time needed to reveal group difference was also examined. Results showed that the randomness of eye movement was significantly higher at all examined time durations, and the amount of eye movement was significantly greater within 3 s in the ASD group. These findings demonstrated an atypical pattern of oculomotor dynamics in children ASD, which might facilitate the objective identification of ASD during daily social interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narrative methodologies are valuable to language and literacy research. Oral narratives told in situations of face-to-face interaction are used in research methodologies and in scaffolding pedagogic activities. Nevertheless oral narratives often present limiting cases in which narrative accounts are less easily distinguishable from other genres such as interrogative, expository, descriptive or argumentative accounts. The resulting confusion around genre has an impact on data selection and weighing and thereby on how narrative is mobilised m research and in pedagogic situations. This paper presents the results of a corpus-based statistical investigation into the interactional features of oral narrative accounts collected during academic literacy interviews. Common claims made about narratives, such as that they are structurally differentiated, that they rely on more rums at talk or that they are a unique manner of presenting discrete experiences are not supported in a straightforward way in the corpus data. Narratives do promote more involvement, self-reference, complex embeddings and constructed dialogue. Conversely they are less frequent, less on task and are more consistently aligned with their context. In language and literacy research these findings suggest a need to reflect on the relationship between types of participant response, types of solicitation and allocated response times. The study contributes to differentiating discourse types more accurately and emphasises the particularities of oral narrative interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the recent proliferation of sharing economy platforms, little is known about what drives providers (individual people who own assets) to enter onto a sharing economy platform. The platform does not own the assets that underlie transactions but depends on individuals to provide them. In the burgeoning market of home rental properties, we investigate the role of macro-level factors to explain geographical differences in the number of entries of providers with diverse motivations onto a sharing economy platform. Using a sample of listings posted by property owners on the Airbnb platform across different cities in Spain between 2010 and 2015, we examine how social and economic motivations of providers interact with macro-level antecedents to affect their entry. We show that macro-level drivers have a different effect on the entry of providers depending on the degree of face-to-face interaction between host and guest. We find that industry growth and the availability of underused assets increase the entry onto the platform of hosts who have little face-to-face interaction with guests, while the strictness of regulation decreases their entry. By contrast, the entry of hosts with high face-to-face interaction with guests is not affected by these factors. We discuss theoretical and research implications of the role of social interaction in provider entry and offer practical advice for those in the sharing economy about the role of social interaction in driving providers onto their platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined whether emerging adults would engage in mobile phone use (MPU) when given the opportunity to socialize face-to-face with a close friend in a laboratory setting. Sixty-three U.S. college student friendship dyads rated their friendship quality in an online survey before coming into the laboratory together. When they arrived for their appointment, they were asked to wait together in a room for 5 min. A hidden camera recorded each dyad. Friends then separately rated the quality of the interaction. We coded time spent using mobile phone in seconds. A hierarchical regression conducted at the level of the dyad controlling for friendship quality and gender showed that more MPU was associated with lower quality interactions. We discuss findings in terms of the potential for MPU to interfere with the development of friendship intimacy.

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Qualitative Forschung (ZQF) is the property of Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• We study gender differences in compliance behavior and perceived honesty. • Different effects of face-to-face interaction matter for women and men. • Women react to psychological effects whereas men take into account their perceived honesty. • Evidence from an honesty assessment experiment explains these differences. • Men are more likely to be assessed as dishonest irrespective of their truthfulness. In this paper, we investigate the role of face-to-face interaction with respect to gender differences in deceptive behavior and perceived honesty. In the first part, we compare the deceptive behavior of women and men using data from an incentivized income-reporting experiment with three treatments. Reporting was fully computerized in the baseline treatment but took place face to face in the second and third treatments. It was possible for lies to be detected within the scope of an audit: there was a given probability that an audit would take place in the first and second treatments, whereas the perceptions of others determined whether or not an audit would occur in the third treatment. In the computerized baseline treatment, the deceptive behavior of women and men was statistically indistinguishable. However, women's truthfulness increased when face-to-face interaction was introduced in the second treatment. In contrast, males' deceptive behavior did not change until the third treatment, when the probability of an audit taking place depended on their perceived honesty. Then, men's truthfulness rose sharply, and they behaved significantly more honestly than women, who showed no behavioral differences between the second and third treatments. In the second part we expand upon these gender differences by analyzing video recordings of income-reporting statements recorded in an experimental setting similar to the third treatment. Third parties assessed how honest they considered the recorded statements to be. Men were perceived to be less honest. Our findings suggest that men correctly anticipated that others would perceive them to be dishonest, which is consistent with the results from the first part. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars have noted that face-to-face (FTF) interaction promotes honesty because it provides opportunities for conversation in which parties exchange information and build rapport. However, it is unclear whether FTF interaction promotes honesty even in the absence of opportunities for back-and-forth conversation. We hypothesized a minimal interaction effect whereby FTF interaction promotes honesty by increasing potential deceivers' consideration of their own moral-interest. To test this account of how FTF interaction may promote honesty, we used a modified version of the deception game (Gneezy, 2005). We found that people were more honest when communicating FTF as opposed to through an intermediary. While FTF interaction tended to promote honesty irrespective of whether it occurred prior to or during the game, the effect was more pronounced when it occurred during the game. The effect of in-game communication medium was mediated by the activation of potential deceivers' moral-interest. We also ruled out alternate accounts involving interpersonal liking, expected counterpart trust, and retaliation fear as honesty-promoting mechanisms. Furthermore, because these effects were not moderated by whether participants had been visually identified during a pre-game interaction, we suggest that our effects are distinct from theoretical accounts involving anonymity. © 2014.

Scholars have noted that face-to-face (FTF) interaction promotes honesty because it provides opportunities for conversation in which parties exchange information and build rapport. However, it is unclear whether FTF interaction promotes honesty even in the absence of opportunities for back-and-forth conversation. We hypothesized a minimal interaction effect whereby FTF interaction promotes honesty by increasing potential deceivers' consideration of their own moral-interest. To test this account of how FTF interaction may promote honesty, we used a modified version of the deception game (Gneezy, 2005). We found that people were more honest when communicating FTF as opposed to through an intermediary. While FTF interaction tended to promote honesty irrespective of whether it occurred prior to or during the game, the effect was more pronounced when it occurred during the game. The effect of in-game communication medium was mediated by the activation of potential deceivers' moral-interest. We also ruled out alternate accounts involving interpersonal liking, expected counterpart trust, and retaliation fear as honesty-promoting mechanisms. Furthermore, because these effects were not moderated by whether participants had been visually identified during a pre-game interaction, we suggest that our effects are distinct from theoretical accounts involving anonymity. © 2014.

Gaze and language are major pillars in multimodal communication. Gaze is a non-verbal mechanism that conveys crucial social signals in face-to-face conversation. However, compared to language, gaze has been less studied as a communication modality. The purpose of the present study is 2-fold: (i) to investigate gaze direction (i.e., aversion and face gaze) and its relation to speech in a face-to-face interaction; and (ii) to propose a computational model for multimodal communication, which predicts gaze direction using high-level speech features. Twenty-eight pairs of participants participated in data collection. The experimental setting was a mock job interview. The eye movements were recorded for both participants. The speech data were annotated by ISO 24617-2 Standard for Dialogue Act Annotation, as well as manual tags based on previous social gaze studies. A comparative analysis was conducted by Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models that employed specific architectures, namely, VGGNet and ResNet. The results showed that the frequency and the duration of gaze differ significantly depending on the role of participant. Moreover, the ResNet models achieve higher than 70% accuracy in predicting gaze direction.

Gaze and language are major pillars in multimodal communication. Gaze is a non-verbal mechanism that conveys crucial social signals in face-to-face conversation. However, compared to language, gaze has been less studied as a communication modality. The purpose of the present study is 2-fold: (i) to investigate gaze direction (i.e., aversion and face gaze) and its relation to speech in a face-to-face interaction; and (ii) to propose a computational model for multimodal communication, which predicts gaze direction using high-level speech features. Twenty-eight pairs of participants participated in data collection. The experimental setting was a mock job interview. The eye movements were recorded for both participants. The speech data were annotated by ISO 24617-2 Standard for Dialogue Act Annotation, as well as manual tags based on previous social gaze studies. A comparative analysis was conducted by Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models that employed specific architectures, namely, VGGNet and ResNet. The results showed that the frequency and the duration of gaze differ significantly depending on the role of participant. Moreover, the ResNet models achieve higher than 70% accuracy in predicting gaze direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have demonstrated that the media, by specifically framing news articles, may systematically affect a nondisabled recipient's perception of athletes with disabilities (AWDs). However, it remains unclear how specific sports news frames affect a recipient's quality perception of a journalistic product and if news frames further affect an individual's postexposure behavior in social interaction with a person with a disability (PWD). To shed some light on these potential news-framing effects, 2 experimental studies (between-subjects designs) were conducted. Study 1 revealed systematic news framing's effects on recipients' attitudes toward a depicted AWD and showed effects on a recipient's perceived quality of a news story. Study 2 further revealed that specific news frames may (automatically) affect a recipient's behavior (e.g., verbal communication performance, visual attention/ eye contacts) in a subsequent face-to-face social interaction with a PWD. The findings are discussed regarding their implications for the journalistic coverage of disability sports in the media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A good book review provides documentation for its evaluations, especially when they are either very positive or very negative. A good review is also faithful to what the author has written and bases criticisms or praise on accurate paraphrasing or quotes from the book. This review by Thompson fails on both accounts. Critical comments are not documented and the review is based on what Thompson imagines Read to have written, not what Read actually wrote.

During the last five decades, a substantial amount of research has been conducted into conversational repair (Schegloff, Jefferson, & Sacks, 1977), and especially other-initiation of repair (OIR). A vast part of the research has been on spoken English, without considering or having access to embodied practices. Through a series of examples, this explorative paper provides a brief overview of formats and subtypes of other-initiation of self-repair employed in Norwegian Sign Language (NTS). Special attention is given to the implicit open-class repair-initiation “freeze-look”, as identified by Manrique (2016), Manrique and Enfield (2015), and Manrique, Enfield, Levinson, Crasborn, and Floyd (2017) in Argentine Sign Language, and to the subtype of restricted repair-initiations categorized as candidate offers. The data has been extracted from a corpus of informal multi-person conversations among deaf adult co-workers, recorded at their workplaces. The results show a high degree of overlap with formats found in spoken languages, but also highlight features that seem to be unique to signed languages and the visual mode of communication. The examples presented take the form of summaries, transcriptions, uncensored video clips, and series of stills.

Our contribution is intended to be a comparative study of two means of exchange, online interaction (OI) and face-to-face interaction, (FI) in order to reveal the particularities of these two forms of exchange. The corpus composed of daily interactions and interactions via Messenger (Facebook), allowed us to compare and contrast these two modes based on the following points: the participatory framework, the rituals (opening and closing), the spoken language in interaction, thematic progression, attitudes and emotions. Thus, online interactions are presented as a place of exchange where users adapt their language and interactional behavior according to the modes offered by this digital space.

Summary: This essay considers the implications of virtual summits replacing in-person multilateral gatherings of political leaders. Focusing on the loss of physicality, it argues that two critical dimensions of summitry are eliminated in this shift: sublime governance and inter-moments. Drawing on illustrative examples from the Group of 20, it demonstrates that while moving online maintains the formal, procedural interactions around which summits are built, doing so loses these critical elements of summitry which render it a valuable and unique practice in within the overall institution of diplomacy. This move also undercuts the effects of these elements, in the immediate context of a particular summit and more broadly within the international system itself. The elimination of summitry's performative and interpersonal dimensions fundamentally renders online meetings unable to achieve what in-person summits can. This has acute consequences in the immediate wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, and also more generally as diplomacy moves online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Human Sciences (19922876) is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To date, linguistic alignment studies in second language acquisition have mainly been conducted during face‐to‐face (FTF) interactions. In the current study, we examined and compared the effect of structural alignment on the development of English direct and indirect questions in FTF and synchronous computer‐mediated communication (SCMC) contexts. Additionally, we assessed participants' working memory capacity and previous knowledge of the target structures. We assigned 50 Korean learners of English to either an FTF or SCMC modality. Over 3 weeks, they completed a pretest, two interactive alignment sessions, a working memory test, and immediate and delayed posttests. Results indicate that primed production of direct and indirect questions is significantly more likely than unprimed production. Moreover, we found an interaction with modality for primed production of direct questions but not for indirect questions. Findings suggest learning effects for direct questions only and that this effect is facilitated by the degree of alignment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have analysed face-to-face interaction patterns and knowledge sharing between employees within large organisations. However, knowledge about whether and which type of knowledge is shared in business centres where organisations share spaces, facilities and services, is still limited. This paper addresses this research gap by looking at knowledge sharing in business centres. Data was collected among 100 users of seven business centres in the Netherlands, by means of a questionnaire and an Experience Sampling Method (ESM). A mixed multinomial logit model (MMNL) was used to analyse the data. The results showed that tacit knowledge is shared more frequently during discussions/debates, formal meetings and when receiving or giving advice. In addition, the people more often share explicit knowledge during pre-planned interactions than during unplanned interactions. Results of this study provide more insights in business centre users' knowledge sharing behaviour, which could help organisations to increase their innovation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business centers offer flexible shared workspaces and facilities to multiple organizations, which provide more freedom in where to interact with others. However, knowledge on where different types of organizational interactions take place in business centers and how this behavior is influenced is still lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the location choice for different types of face-to-face interactions. Data, collected by means of an experience sampling method (ESM), were analyzed using a mixed multinomial logit (MMNL) model. Results showed that interorganizational interactions take place less frequently at workspaces or formal meeting spaces and more frequently at shared spaces such as the coffee corner or canteen. These interactions are also more likely to be influenced by the physical work environment, as these interactions were found to be mainly coincidental. Results of this study could help office designers with regard to stimulating face-to-face interactions among organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Face-to-face play is one of the main forms of interaction between caregivers and their infants in the first few months of life. There are numerous benefits that face-to-face play provides for infants’ social cognitive development. Playful face-to-face interactions support the development of a bond between the infant and the caregiver, contribute to the development of the infant’s sense of self, and support the development of infants’ ability to copy others’ facial expressions. This article discusses the implications of these findings for practitioners, and provides pointers for the various ways in which face-to-face play between infants and their caregivers can be encouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is widely recognized among state leaders and diplomats that personal relations play an important role in international politics. Recent work at the intersection of psychology, neuroscience, and sociology has highlighted the critical importance of face-to-face interactions in generating intention understanding and building trust. Yet, a key question remains as to why some leaders are able to 'hit it off,' generating a positive social bond, while other interactions 'fall flat,' or worse, are mired in negativity. To answer, we turn to micro-sociology – the study of everyday human interactions at the smallest scales – an approach that has theorized this question in other domains. Drawing directly from US sociologist Randall Collins, and related empirical studies on the determinants of social bonding, we develop a model of diplomatic social bonding that privileges interaction elements rather than the dispositional characteristics of the actors involved or the material environment in which the interaction takes place. We conclude with a discussion of how the study of interpersonal dyadic bonding interaction may move forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]