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This study reviewed the theoretical issues relating to morphological and psychological design issues in hospital building design evaluation. The study of morphological configurations design issues, concentrates on the elements of building, shape/form, the structure of the environment, the structural efficiency and the architectural appearance of the hospital building forms. The psychological design issues focused on the essential issues relating to Proximity, Privacy and Wayfindings. Through the literature review of previous models such as, Khan (2012) Operational Efficiency Model, Haron, Hamid and Talib Usability Framework, (2012), Zhao, Mourshed & Wright (2009) Model, Alalouch, Aspinall & Smith Model (2016) and Hill & Kitchen (2009). A conceptual framework for physical facilities design evaluation and satisfaction in hospital buildings was developed. The study, however, provides useful information for the development of a design framework that can inform policy on hospital buildings.

An investigation on ablution workstations design for person with disabilities has been carried out in this study. The focused were on wheelchair user or person with lower-limb impairment in Malaysia. The objective of this research is to determine the most suitable ablution workstation for person with disabilities. One hundred wheelchair users which include 74 males and 26 females participated in the study. The findings highlighted that the most suitable and preferred ablution workstation for person with disabilities is a separate design for washing hands and legs. The results also indicated that the noteworthy body parts that should be enhanced are arms, neck, trunk, and legs. Therefore, it can be concluded that it is important to design an ablution workstation with correct anthropometric dimensions referring to the population under investigation taking into account their preferences and disabilities limitation. Thus, the innovation will bring equality between people with disabilities and physically normal people in future facilities design. The workstation will become one of the worthy social contributions to the population of Muslim disabilities especially in Malaysia.

A small group release organization facility for pedestrians at the crosswalk is designed to reduce the delay of vehicles on the basis of civilized driving. The purpose of the design is to address the increased delays caused by the nonconcentration of pedestrians crossing the street under the pedestrian first policy. This paper analyzes the avoidance characteristics and conflict areas when pedestrians cross the street loosely and centrally, and designs pedestrian standing area and small clusters release rules. Pedestrian standing area is designed to restrict the number of pedestrians crossing the street for a single time, so as to form a certain range of gathering before crossing the street; set release rules, so that pedestrians start to cross the street at the same time, prevent excessive looseness when pedestrian cross the street, and reduce the area of conflict between people and vehicles.

The main goal of this paper is to describe the automation process for asset design solutions assessment in accordance with the expected production levels in dynamics. The integrated model contains embedded sub-models (various assessment elements, such as pipeline networks, compression facilities, gas treatment units, reservoir simulation models for production profiles simulation and an economic model to obtain an instant investment estimate). A continuous data flow between all the component models provides a quick assessment of different variables influence on the final efficiency of the integrated asset development option; this approach makes possible the rapid expansion of options range as well as the increase in analysis depth. We describe this approach on the example of the gas assets group development project, which includes the integration of following part of surface facilities: pipeline networks (gathering system) for well pads with the corresponding booster compressor stations and transport network to deliver well product to gas process unit. The work shows the recommendations about how to set up the optimal configuration of an integrated model (type and composition of sub-models, linking algorithms, data exchange directions, etc.) to solve various issues of long-term planning. In addition, we show the example of standardizing the process of managing the sub- models to provide the integrated model fast update when new production data arrives or when the surface facilities concept is changed and to make the approach transfer to other close projects easier. The novelty of the work lies in the creation of a unique approach to solve the issues of conceptual design by flexible configuration of an integrated model for specific tasks. This approach includes processing of production data different formats, the ability to connect an economic model to obtain the instant investment assessment of surface facilities option within comprehensive analysis. In addition, it includes the ability to connect detailed models of the gas-processing unit and booster compressor station with prospective economic efficiency assessment in accordance with the production profiles updates. The integrated model example and overall approach that we provide in this paer is unique due to the following factors: – "flexibility" of the model, which changes its appearance depending on the tasks. – prompt update of the economic indicators of the project. – clear accounting of transport and process facilities (use of detailed models for pipeline and processing systems (including booster compressor stations).

This study appraised the influence of design characteristics of the paediatric hospital physical facilities with a view to develop the physical facilities design characteristics policies for paediatric hospital designers, managers and policy makers. In this study, the hospital physical facilities are defined by the spaces used by the professional staff, equipment, the building form, their furniture and fixtures. Also, the design characteristics of the hospital physical facilities are defined by the building proximity, privacy, wayfindings, flexibility and adaptability. The notable paediatric hospital selected in the developed country is Emma Kinderziekenhuis Pediatric Hospital in Amsterdam, Netherland because it has developed a remarkable work in the healthcare settings with a deep concern on child-centred design, which were informed, implemented and accompanied by architects. Also, Peadiatric department of University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan Nigeria was selected because it is the largest city in Nigeria which can be used to generalize what is obtained in peadiatric hospital physical facilities in southwestern Nigeria. Through analysis of one of the notable hospitals in both the developed and developing worlds, the design characteristics of selected hospital were examined using case study method such as the use of building plans, the site layout and the use of photograph among others. The results of the investigation show that hospital design characteristics have a great influence on both the patients and staff including the visitors. However, the planning and design characteristics of the physical facilities in the Netherland Children Hospital were found to be very good compared with its counterpart in Southwestern Nigerian University Teaching Hospital. It is, however, concluded that, the Nigerian University Teaching Hospitals should learn from the design characteristics appraised from the Netherland Children Hospital. The result of this study will be useful as a design policies standard for the Nigerian government, healthcare developers and children hospital designers in southwestern, Nigeria.

Рассмотрены современные решения, предлагаемые для реконструкции малых очистных сооружений, в составе которых имеются биофильтры. Пик проектирования и строительства биофильтров пришелся на 1960 1970е годы. В настоящее время биологические фильтры зачастую служат для доочистки сточных вод. Предлагается снова их использовать в качестве основных очистных сооружений. Данные сооружения, как правило, конструктивно представляют собой железобетонные емкости, поэтому целесообразно разработать новые технологические схемы с учетом использования существующих сооружений. Рассмотрены три технологические схемы с различной комбинацией зон нитрификации и денитрификации. Приведены графические результаты санитарнотехнических анализов по ряду показателей, на основании которых показана достаточная эффективность очистки для сброса очищенной воды в водоемы рыбохозяйственного значения. Предложен метод расчета биофильтров для конкретных загрузочных материалов. Сделан вывод о том, что высота сооружения зависит не только от необходимой степени очистки, параметров поступающей воды, но и от вида и размера загрузочного материла. Предложенные технологические схемы позволят шире использовать биофильтры как при реконструкции существующих, так и при проектировании новых очистных сооружений.The advanced solutions proposed for the reconstruction of small wastewater treatment facilities that contain biofilters are considered. The peakpoint of designing and constructing biofilters occurred in the 1960 1970s. At present biological filters are often used for wastewater treatment. It is proposed to use them again as the basic treatment facilities. These structures, as a rule, are structurally reinforced concrete tanks so it is advisable to develop new process flow schemes taking into account the use of existing structures. Three process flow schemes with different combinations of nitrification and denitrification zones are considered. Graphic results of sanitary and technical analyses of a number of indicators are presented on the basis of which sufficient purification efficiency is shown that allows discharging effluents into fishery water bodies. A method for calculating biofilters for specific media materials is proposed. It is concluded that the height of the structure depends not only on the required level of purification, the parameters of the incoming water but also on the type and size of the media material. The proposed process flow schemes will provide for the wider use of biofilters both in the reconstruction of existing and in the design of new treatment facilities.

The simulation of pedestrian evacuation in emergency is of great significance to the public facilities design and emergency plan implementation. For study pedestrian behaviors under emergency, this paper first analyzes emergency and pedestrian characteristics. In order to describe the spread effect of emergency on pedestrian evacuation process, the concept of emergency diffusion field is put forward. In addition, the concept of panic coefficient is put forward in order to depict the effect of pedestrian panic psychology on the evacuation process. Then, the floor field model consisted of static floor field, dynamic floor field and emergency diffusion field is established, the corresponding updating rules are defined. Finally, the experiments results reproduce the pedestrian evacuation process under different conditions, and the influence factors in the process of pedestrian evacuation are analyzed, verify the validity of the model

China's aging population is becoming increasingly serious, and with the gradual popularization of big data technology, smart senior care communities are developing rapidly. However, most of the relevant studies focus on the policy level or the planning and architecture field, and there are still some limitations in the design and research of indoor facilities. In particular, the related research on the physiological and psychological characteristics of the elderly needs to be further explored. By investigating the status quo of the smart senior care community, and by analyzing the elderly's physical and mental needs and life activity line, this paper summarizes the innovative design strategy of indoor facilities design in the smart senior care community based on human factors.

The coordination of pedestrian facilities is the basis of design and operation for a Metro station, as it directly determines the final capacity of the whole station. All types of pedestrian facilities used in a Metro station, which can be categorized into three types (servicing facilities, passing facilities, and distributing facilities), are considered in this paper. Models based on queuing theory are established according to facility type. Fixed-and dynamic-service time models are proposed to simulate the servicing facilities; two-stage G/G(n)/C/C models are built for passing facilities; G/G(n)/C/C and G/G/C/C models are designed for distributing facilities. Next, a simulation model based on queuing network theory is designed to estimate the coordination among different pedestrian facilities in the metro station. The Simulink platform was used to run the simulation. Lastly, the data of Hujialou station in Beijing was collected to validate the models. The results demonstrate that the newly developed model is efficiently able to estimate bottlenecks and the coordination of facilities, which has great significance in pre-and post-evaluation for metro station facilities design and performance.

This paper explains how advanced digitalization concepts were employed in the development and construction of the Taweelah Gas Compression Plant in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The plant began operation in late 2018 and is one of the largest and most modern compression facilities in the world. It is owned and operated by the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) and comprises three compression trains, each with a processing capacity of 225 million standard cubic feet per day (mmscfd). Two operate at any one time, with the third on standby, giving the plant 450 mmscfd of total production throughput. Using the Taweelah Gas Compression Plant as an example, the paper describes how onshore oil and gas compression stations can be built efficiently and economically by leveraging advanced digital technologies, such as Digital Twins. Other concepts/strategies that the paper will discuss which can help accelerate project schedules and reduce costs include: Sophisticated hydraulic modeling software; Large power blocks to reduce the number of compression trains; Sole-source provisioning of compression drive trains; ‘Plug and play’ equipment packages that required minimal onsite commissioning; Remote diagnostics and analytics for condition monitoring and condition-based maintenance to ensure maximum uptime and availability; Using the combination of the above concepts, along with extensive collaboration/co-creation between Siemens Energy and ADNOC, the Taweelah plant was able to achieve first gas just 16 months after front-end engineering design (FEED).

The layout design for storage vessels is an important issue to keep safe process plants, since the accidents originated in storage areas are almost one-third of all reported accidents. In order to reduce fire and explosion damages different mathematical approaches have been proposed; however, most of them are not suitable for real storage facilities design. In this work, a MILP approach has been developed to find the optimal layout of storage vessels, seeking to minimize the cost associated with potential damage of fire and explosion. This approach allows allocation of suitable sites for storage vessels, reducing accidents propagation, and domino effect while keeping safety as much as possible the plant assets. In this way, the optimization approach provides substantial support for decision-makers during the design stage. The study case used to test the mathematical model considers 19 vessels, six buildings, five process facilities and 25 possible scenarios, which includes 16 fires and 9 explosions.

The rising interest in sustainable modes of transportation has increased demand for the design and implementation of bicycle facilities in the United States. However, as compared to the vehicular mode, bicycle facilities have relatively less development, research, and understanding. The availability of a bicycling simulator has the potential to contribute to the understanding of bicycle facility design and bicyclist behavior. The design and construction of a bicycling simulator differs from a driving simulator in many ways. A bicycling simulator requires interfaces for bicycle speed, braking, and steering angle as well as a visual interface. In addition, a representation of a real-world network, including pavement, buildings, the sky and background, and fixed and moving objects, needs to be modeled using a simulator engine. This paper presents the details of the ZouSim bicycling simulator development and the tradeoffs associated with various design decisions, such as the choice of a steering sensor and graphical display. A sample application of a wayfinding and detection markings study illustrates the use of ZouSim. The authors hope that this article will encourage other researchers who conduct research in sustainable cities to explore the use of bicycle simulators for improving bicycle facility design and operations.

Width design of the urban rail transit stations circulation facilities is a vital issue. The existing width design approach failed in fully considering the essential factors such as fluctuation in passengers’ arrival process, fluctuation and state-dependence in passengers walking speed and the blocking when passengers’ demand exceeds the capacity of facilities. For this purpose, a PH-based simulation-optimization approach is proposed that fully considers the fluctuation, the state-dependence, Level of Service (LOS) and blocking effect. This novel approach provides automatic reconfiguration of the widths of circulation facilities by a concurrent implementation of a PH-based Discrete-Event Simulation (DES) model and the Genetic Algorithm (GA). The proposed PH-based simulation- optimization approach and the existing design approaches based on the exponential and deterministic models are applied to design the widths of circulation facilities. The results reveal that the circulation facilities designed by the proposed approach have larger widths. Similarly, increase in the SCV of arrival interval results in increasing the widths designed by the proposed approach increase while the widths of the other two approaches stay the same. The width designed of the proposed approach increase at faster rate than that of the other two approach when the passengers’ arrival rate increases.

The design of solid management systems (SMS) facilities for offshore big bore HP/HT sour gas well cleanup is an industry challenge, mainly it is due to solid erosion (sand), potential high pressure H2S release, heat radiation from flare, SO2 exposure, vibration, noise, including risk of piping or facilities blockage, and corrosion (facility integrity) that might hinder safety, operability and environmental issues. The objective of this paper is to develop a solid handling management decision making process especially during early facilities development, identify the merit and limitation on each handling option. As methodology; firstly, technology screening and benchmarking will be performed. Then characterize solid composition, determine the expected solid/ mud flow back during well clean up, erosion and deposition study, hydraulic flow assurance and heat impact mapping. The next process is, develop a decision-making workflow based on solid handling option scenarios including offshore, onshore or a combination of them. Moreover, a hydrocyclone solid removal simulation is performed, and for the onshore application; flow loop experimental work is carried out on a small scale to prove the solid removal efficiency. Various flow rate, pressure and mud with different particle size and concentration from 7% to 15% with mixture of base fluid component are tested during the flow loop test. It is found that factors such as safety (operability), reservoir, well type, solid mud properties, the availability of infrastructure and footprint are playing important roles in the decision of well clean up strategy. Having offshore and onshore SMS will help solid management further robust. Based on the flow loop test study, solids management system with multi-stage separation process has a capability to remove more than 90% solids separation and in addition, differential pressure across stage need to be maintained.

The welding fume in the welding workshop has an important impact on the occupational health of the workers in the workshop. Scientific and reasonable design of the ventilation system in the welding workshop can effectively reduce the concentration of the welding fume and ensure the occupational health of the workers. This paper uses the method of controlling wind velocity to design the ventilation system of workshop. The results show that the system can effectively control the welding fume, and the concentration is less than 4 mg/m3.

In this paper, a fuzzy logic controller will be introduced and discussed that can be applied for manufacturing systems. Our proposed control system will utilize fuzzy logic principles to find the optimum number of machines and operators assignment by developing the heuristic relations between the inputs and the outputs of the controller. The project inputs are the desired daily production and the average product processing time by each machine. The production process is assumed to be automated and the routing of products to these machines will be automated and requires negligible time. All machines are also assumed identical in both the functionality (manufacturing process) and the service time. Given the inputs as the number of products and the average service time, the goal of this controller will be to determine the number of the machines and the number of the operators needed to meet the production demand.

El trabajo tiene un doble objetivo. Por un lado pretende que los alumnos de la asignatura Auditorías energéticas en el Máster de Diseño de Instalaciones de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid adquieran las competencias y los conocimientos de la asignatura. Por otro lado se pretende que dicho aprendizaje se desarrolle prestando un servicio a la sociedad. Dicho servicio consiste en facilitar una auditoría energética a entidades sociales que a su vez prestan un servicio a la sociedad. Así las entidades contarán con una información relevante que les permita tomar decisiones de cara a mejorar su desempeño energético facilitando la consecución de un ahorro en las facturas energéticas así como una reducción en sus emisiones de gases efecto invernadero.Al plantearse el trabajo en grupos interdisciplinares, la diversidad de puntos de vista y la riqueza de soluciones aportadas a los problemas a los que se enfrenten, redundará en la calidad del ejercicio. Al verse obligados los estudiantes a salir del ámbito académico y realizar su trabajo en un entorno real, se ven más capacitados para enfrentarse a futuros clientes que si únicamente resolvieran prácticas académicas. La motivación aumenta al sentir que su conocimiento resulta útil para otras personas y la satisfacción de sentir que han contribuido con una entidad social hace que el aprendizaje realizado resulte significativo.AbstractThe paper has a double objective. On the one hand it is pretended that the students of the subject Energy Audits in the Master of Facilities Design of the Higher Technical School of Architecture of the Polytechnic University of Madrid acquire the skills and knowledge of the subject. On the other hand, it is pretended that such learning be developed by providing a service to society. This service consists in facilitating an energy audit to social entities that provide a service to society. Thus, the entities will have relevant information that allows them to make decisions in order to improve their energy performance by facilitating the achievement of savings in energy bills as well as a reduction in their greenhouse gas emissions.When considering work in interdisciplinary groups, the diversity of points of view and the richness of solutions provided to the problems they face, will result in the quality of the exercise. When students are forced to leave the academic space and do their work in a real environment, they are better able to face future clients than if they only resolved academic practices. The motivation increases when you feel that your knowledge is useful to other people and the satisfaction of feeling that you have contributed to a social entity makes the learning done meaningful.

[ES] Ante la creciente producción de Tuber Melanosporum en la sierra de Gúdar-Javalambre y la nula o escasa profesionalización del pequeño y mediando productor en el procesamiento y venta de la trufa, se pretende diseñar la construcción de una nave agroalimentaria, incluyendo la instalación eléctrica, de fontanería y de saneamiento. Así como hacer elección de los equipos necesarios para crear un centro donde se pueda recoger, limpiar, almacenar y envasar hasta 1200 kilogramos de trufa negra en condiciones óptimas hasta el momento de su venta., [EN] Given the increasing production of Tuber Melanosporum in Sierra de Gúdar-Javalambre and the lack of or scarce professionalization of the small and medium producers in the processing and sale of truffles, this paper intends to design the construction of an agri-food warehouse, including the electrical, plumbing and sanitation facilities. Furthermore, the aim of this paper is also to select the necessary equipment to create a space where up to 1200 kilograms of black truffle can be collected, cleaned, stored and packed in optimal conditions until it is sold.

The scale and productive life of associated gas from subsalt production and small offshore gas reservoirs in remote areas, has made economic justification difficult for dedicated onshore processing facilities with associated subsea pipelines. Floating LNG (FLNG) offer freedom from the subsea pipeline, but the biggest have been designed for specific large fields. Another approach is to build flexibility into the design of the FLNG facility, potentially increasing the initial CAPEX of the unit, instead of targeting a specific field. This approach allows the CAPEX to be amortized across multiple offshore fields, avoiding a stranded investment. This paper addresses topsides where flexibility in topsides processing units is advantageous for pursuit of multiple marginal fields over the life of the FLNG asset, focusing on the 4.5 to 9 MSm3/day (160 to 330 MMSCFD) of natural gas liquefied to 1 to 2 million tonnes per annum of LNG. Standardizing modular designs for FLNG processing units, provides opportunities to build or retrofit the FLNG facility in smaller yards and can reduce project schedule and costs associated with the design and construction of the FLNG facility. Considering future relocation of the floating unit to other fields, requires some flexibility in the initial design to reduce future changes, without negatively impacting first field performance. Using this approach, producing gas from marginal offshore fields could be a viable option by utilizing small or mid-scale FLNG to liquefy gas, using one facility to liquefy serially multiple marginal fields.

During basic design development for new FPSO projects in Brazilian pre-salt exploration, digital technologies were employed, in order to achieve constructability design requirements, construction and commissioning specification checks. Due to its benefit cost, schedule, quality, and overall project objectives and deep influence in platform safety and operability, in a process explained in Figure 1. Those digital technologies, such as the use of databases, computer aided engineering (CAE), analysis tools, 3D simulations and consistency check, were identified in constructability reviews and were developed to achieve the best constructability procedures and solve construction inconsistencies between several involved disciplines in posterior detailed design, procurement and commissioning phases. This manuscript aims to present the use of digital technologies to support constructability analysis in offshore oil & gas production facility – surface installations - projects of Petrobras.

Worldwide, sedentary behaviours and overweight are major health concerns. Most adolescents are insufficiently physically active and have overweight. Moreover, most work is sedentary or requires only light activity. And most people live in cities, a context which discourages participation in physical activity. How can we change this situation? An analogy between urban design and facility design is introduced to elucidate spatial properties that may be beneficial in both contexts. It is the purpose of this paper to use this analogy for the advancements of health and well-being of both workers and city dwellers.