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Environmental science & technology 57(7), 2768 - 2778 (2023). doi:10.1021/acs.est.2c06985, Rare earth elements (REEs) are strategic metals strongly involved in low-carbon energy conversion. However, these emerging contaminants are increasingly disseminated into ecosystems, raising concern regarding their toxicity. REE-accumulating plants are crucial subjects to better understand REE transfer to the trophic chain but are also promising phytoremediation tools. In this analysis, we deciphered REE accumulation sites in the REE-accumulating fern Dryopteris erythrosora by synchrotron X-ray μfluorescence (μXRF). This technique allows a high-resolution and in situ analysis of fresh samples or frozen-hydrated cross sections of different organs of the plant. In the sporophyte, REEs were translocated from the roots to the fronds by the xylem sap and were stored within the xylem conductive system. The comparison of REE distribution and accumulation levels in the healthy and necrotic parts of the frond shed light on the differential mobility between light and heavy REEs. Furthermore, the comparison emphasized that necrotized areas were not the main REE-accumulating sites. Finally, the absence of cell-to-cell mobility of REEs in the gametophyte suggested the absence of REE-compatible transporters in photosynthetic tissues. These results provide valuable knowledge on the physiology of REE-accumulating ferns to understand the REE cycle in biological systems and the expansion of phytotechnologies for REE-enriched or REE-contaminated soils., Published by American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio

International audience; As the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sector represents 1.8% to 3.9% of the global Green House Gas (GHG) emissions, it is of upmost importance to know how much energy is spent annually in mobile networks and how this consumption is evolving. It is quite likely that the huge energy efficiency gains achieved by technology evolution have at least been compensated by the surge in data traffic. Therefore, in this paper, we estimate the operational power consumption of cellular Base Stations (BSs) deployed in France from 2015 to 2022. However, unfortunately, the lack of openly available data hinders the estimation process. In order to work around this issue, we rely on a public dataset on radio electric installations, on widely adopted power consumption models and on a set of assumptions backed by the scientific literature. We demonstrate that, over the considered period, the numbers of BSs and transceivers have grown at a sustained Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7.55% and 18.27%, respectively. Within the same period, the average BS power consumption has increased at a CAGR of 9.89% while the total operational power consumption of BSs has grown at a CAGR of 18.18%. We further show that the introduction of 5G has accelerated this trend despite the recent decommissioning of 2G and 3G transceivers. These alarming figures advocate for proactive digital sobriety policies.

Inverse Optimal Control (IOC) is a problem that exists in many fields. In the context of human motion analysis, many methods for solving this problem have been proposed. This paper presents the Projected Inverse Optimal Control (PIOC) approach which puts forward a simple and complete vision of the problem. PIOC is composed of several independent elements allowing to cover problems of dimensioning, measurement noise and reliability of solution. The first element is the parameterization of the data, allowing to reduce the dimensions of the problem. The second element corresponds to the decoupling of the conditions including the conditions of identifiability of the parameters, singularity of the problem and feasibility of the solution. The last element refers to the choice of solution. We show with this approach that the classical solution methods are in fact projections in the space of trajectories. PIOC also allows us to propose a simple algorithm for the choice of basis, a recurrent problem in IOC

Quelles sont les relations entre les produits toxiques dans notre environnement (COV, glyphosate, bysphénol, nitrites, etc.) et notre santé. Quels sont vrais risques ?De très nombreux produits toxiques sont présents dans notre environnement : dans l’air que nous respirons, dans notre alimentation, dans l’eau que nous buvons, dans les médicaments, etc. Les médias se font régulièrement l’écho de problèmes liés à ces produits toxiques et le grand public se pose de nombreuses questions bien légitimes. Des enseignants-chercheurs, spécialistes en toxicologie répondent de façon simple, compréhensible et sans jargon à un bon nombre de ces questions.Ils abordent simplement les grands concepts :- quelle différence entre le danger et le risque ?- la dose fait-elle le poison ?- qu’est-ce que l’effet cocktail ?- quelle différence entre le principe de prévention et le principe de précaution ?- comment les valeurs réglementaires de concentrations dans les différents milieux sont-elles élaborées ?- quel rôle joue l’environnement sur notre santé depuis notre naissance ?Les auteurs répondent ensuite aux questions posées actuellement par un certain nombre de produits toxiques. Il peut s’agir de pesticides dont on parle beaucoup comme le glyphosate ou le chlordécone, il peut s’agir aussi des contaminants de l’alimentation, de la pollution atmosphérique, des nitrites dans la charcuterie.

Oxytocin is a neuropeptide released by the central nervous system. A number of studies have demonstrated the role of this neuropeptide in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. In the present project, we have identified mRNA coding genes and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are associated with this pathway through an in-silico strategy, and measured their expression in a cohort of Iranian females affected with this type of malignancy. Expression levels of OXTR, FOS, ITPR1, RCAN1, CAMK2D, CACNA2D and lnc_ZFP161 were significantly down-regulated in breast cancer tissues compared with nearby non-cancerous tissues. On the other hand, expression of lnc_MTX2 was higher in breast cancer tissues compared with controls. Expression of lnc_TNS1 and lnc_FOXF1 were not different between these two kinds of samples. Expression of CACNA2D was associated with mitotic rate and PR status (P values = 3.02E−02 and 2.53E−02, respectively). Expression of other oxytocin-related genes was not associated with clinicopathological parameters. FOS and ITPR1 had the highest AUC value among the oxytocin-related genes. Combination of expression profiles of all oxytocin-related genes increased the AUC value to 0.75. However, the combinatorial sensitivity and specificity values were lower than some individual genes. In the breast cancer tissues, the most robust correlations have been detected between lnc_ZFP161/ lnc_FOXF1, CAMK2D/ lnc_ZFP161 and CAMK2D / lnc_FOXF1 (r = 0.86, 0.71 and 0.64 respectively). In the non-cancerous tissues, the strongest correlation was detected between lnc_FOXF1/lnc_MTX2 and lnc_ZFP161/CAMK2D respectively (r = 0.78 and 0.65). Taken together, oxytocin-associated genes have been dysregulated in breast cancer tissues. Moreover, the correlation ratio between these genes is connected with the existence of cancer.

The aim of this work was to improve the properties of plywood panels bonded with phenol- lignin-glyoxal (PLG) resin by the addition of an epoxy resin. For this reason, various contents (3, 5 and 7% on resin solids) of an epoxy resin were added to the prepared PLG resin. The structural, thermal and physicochemical properties of the resins prepared as well as the water absorption and dry and wet shear strength of the plywood panels bonded with them were measured according to standard methods. The results showed that the addition of an epoxy resin not only shortens the gel time but also increases the viscosity, density and solids content of the PLG resin. FTIR analysis indicated that an epoxy resin can chemically react with functional groups of the PLG resin. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the addition of the epoxy decreased the curing temperature of the PLG resin. The panels bonded with PLG resins modified by epoxies yielded lower water absorption and thickness swelling when compared to those bonded with the pure PLG resin. The dry and wet tensile shear strength of plywood panels bonded with PLG resins indicated that mechanical properties could be significantly improved by increasing the percentage of the epoxy resin added. Finally, it can be noted that the physical and mechanical properties of the green panels bonded with the epoxy-modified PLG resin are comparable to that of phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin wood adhesives.

International audience; The origin of terrestrial volatiles remains one of the most puzzling questions in planetary sciences. The timing and composition of chondritic and cometary deliveries to Earth has remained enigmatic due to the paucity of reliable measurements of cometary material. This work uses recently measured volatile elemental ratios and noble gas isotope data from comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P/C-G), in combination with chondritic data from the literature, to reconstruct the composition of Earth's ancient atmosphere. Comets are found to have contributed ~20% of atmospheric heavy noble gases (i.e., Kr and Xe) but limited amounts of other volatile elements (water, halogens and likely organic materials) to Earth. These cometary noble gases were likely mixed with chondritic-and not solar-sources to form the atmosphere. We show that an ancient atmosphere composed of chondritic and cometary volatiles is more enriched in Xe relative to the modern atmosphere, requiring that 8-12 times the present-day inventory of Xe was lost to space. This potentially resolves the long-standing mystery of Earth's "missing xenon", with regards to both Xe elemental depletion and isotopic fractionation in the atmosphere. The inferred Kr/H 2 O and Xe/H 2 O of the initial atmosphere suggest that Earth's surface volatiles might not have been fully delivered by the late accretion of volatile-rich carbonaceous chondrites. Instead, "dry" materials akin to enstatite chondrites potentially constituted a significant source of chondritic volatiles now residing on the Earth's surface. We outline the working hypotheses, implications and limitations of this model in the last section of this contribution.

International audience; The rapid development of green energy sources and new medical technologies contributes to the increased exploitation of rare earth elements (REEs). They can be subdivided into light (LREEs) and heavy (HREEs) REEs. Mining, industrial processing, and end-use practices of REEs has led to elevated environmental concentrations and raises concerns about their toxicity to organisms and their impact on ecosystems. REE toxicity has been reported, but its precise underlying molecular effects have not been well described. Here, transcriptomic and proteomic approaches were combined to decipher the molecular responses of the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae to La (LREE) and Yb (HREE). Differences were observed between the early and late responses to La and Yb. Several crucial pathways were modulated in response to both REEs, such as oxidative-reduction processes, DNA replication, and carbohydrate metabolism. REE-specific responses involving the cell wall and pheromone signalling pathways were identified, and these responses have not been reported for other metals. REE exposure also modified the expression and abundance of several ion transport systems, with strong discrepancies between La and Yb. These findings are valuable for prioritizing key genes and proteins involved in La and Yb detoxification mechanisms that deserve further characterization to better understand REE environmental and human health toxicity.

Citation suggérée :Anses. (2022). Valeurs toxicologiques de référence (VTR). Elaboration de VTR par voie respiratoire pour l’acroléine (CAS n°107-02-8). (saisine 2021-MPEX-0149). Maisons-Alfort : Anses, 90 p.; Une valeur toxicologique de référence (VTR) est un indice toxicologique qui permet de qualifier ou de quantifier un risque pour la santé humaine. Elle établit le lien entre une exposition à une substance toxique et l’occurrence d’un effet sanitaire indésirable. Les VTR sont spécifiques d’une durée d’exposition (aiguë, subchronique ou chronique) et d’une voie d’exposition (orale, respiratoire, etc.). La construction des VTR diffère en fonction des connaissances ou des hypothèses formulées sur les mécanismes d’action des substances. Actuellement, l’hypothèse par défaut est de considérer une relation entre l’exposition, ou la dose, et l’effet, ou la réponse. En l’état actuel des connaissances et par défaut, on considère généralement que, pour les effets non cancérogènes, la toxicité ne s’exprime qu’au-delà d’un seuil de dose (Anses, 2017).En pratique, la construction de VTR comprend les quatre étapes suivantes :- recenser et analyser les données de toxicité disponibles, sur la base d‘études épidémiologiques et/ou expérimentales,- identifier le ou les organes cibles et l’effet critique ;- identifier l’hypothèse de construction, à seuil ou sans seuil de dose, en fonction du mode d’action de la substance,- choisir une étude clé de bonne qualité scientifique permettant généralement d’établir une relation dose – réponse ;- définir un point de départ (PoD) chez l’Homme ou l’animal à partir de cette étude, éventuellement dans le cas d’un PoD obtenu chez l’animal, ajuster ce PoD à l’Homme ;- pour une VTR à seuil, appliquer des facteurs d’incertitude à ce PoD de manière à dériver une VTR applicable à l’ensemble de la population ;- pour une VTR sans seuil, réaliser une extrapolation linéaire à l’origine afin de déterminer un excès de risque unitaire2.L’élaboration des VTR suit une approche très structurée et exigeante qui implique des évaluations collectives par des groupes de spécialistes.[Saisines liées n°2020-MPEX-0184, 2008-SA-0205, 2011-SA-0354]

We study the maximum size of Sidon sets in unions of integers intervals. If A ⊂ N is the union of two intervals and if |A| = n (where |A| denotes the cardinality of A), we prove that A contains a Sidon set of size at least 0, 8444 √ n. On the other hand, by using the small differences technique, we establish a bound of the maximum size of Sidon sets in the union of k intervals.

International audience

International audience; The extractive industry is increasingly faced with problems of managing contaminated sites. The red gypsum landfill at the Ochsenfeld site is representative of the typology byproduct storage of the Ti-extraction activity. The management of the elemental content and the water body are the issues at this site. The aim of this study was to evaluate the canopy conductance (gcmax) of various tree species and the content of elements in the leaves, utilizing the opportunity of a demonstration plantation setup in 2014 with sixteen tree species, combined with a growth chamber experiment. We combined the gas exchange measurements with the data from two multispectral cameras with RGB and NIR bands embarked on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). In the field, Ostrya carpinifolia, Maclura pomifera, and Rhus copallina had the highest gcmax of all planted tree species, and the high transpiration rate in O. carpinifolia was confirmed in a pot-based controlled experiment. Except R. copallina, the species with a high Mn content (O. carpinifolia, Betula pendula, and Salix aquatica grandis) had high stomatal conductance. O. carpinifolia could therefore be a species to exploit in the management of landfill leachates, especially in the context of climate change since this species is well adapted to dry environments.

International audience; The INhibitor of Growth (ING) proteins (ING1, ING2, ING3, ING4 and ING5) are a family of epigenetic regulators. Their decreased expression in numerous cancers led to identifying the ING proteins as gatekeeper tumor suppressors as they regulate cell cycle progression, apoptosis and senescence. Subsequently, they were also described as caretaker tumor suppressors through their involvement in DNA replication and the DNA damage response (DDR). Recent studies have identified new interactions of the ING proteins with proteins or pathways implicated in cell proliferation, the maintenance of stem cells pluripotency or the DDR. Furthermore, the ING proteins have been identified as regulators of ribosomal RNA synthesis and of mRNA stability and as regulators of mitochondrial DNA transcription resulting in the regulation of metabolism. These new findings highlight new antitumorigenic activities of the ING proteins that are potential targets for cancer treatment. © 2022 The Authors

The sulfur cycle is driven by redox processes, among which sulfate reduction is of primary importance. Sulfate is reduced to sulfide either abiotically by Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction (TSR) or biotically by Microbial Sulfate Reduction (MSR). Although these two processes occur at different temperature regimes (>100 °C and δ 33 S, δ 34 S, δ 36 S) of natural TSR remains uncharacterized. Here, we performed multiple sulfur isotopes analyses of sulfates, sulfides, and elemental sulfur from six sites in the Alpine Triassic evaporites formation to better constrain the isotopic signatures of TSR. Unlike MSR, TSR can induce slight negative deviations ( Δ 33 S down to −0.08‰) relative to the initial sulfate Δ 33 S value, which significantly discriminates between these two processes. Isotopic equilibria between anhydrite and either elemental sulfur or sulfides (pyrite or chalcopyrite) were verified according to their mass-fractionation exponents ( θ 33 / 34 = 0.5140 and 0.5170, respectively). Using sulfate-elemental sulfur ( Δ 34 S SO 4 2−-S8) or sulfate-sulfide ( Δ 34 S SO 4 2−-S2−) fractionation pairs and respective fractionation factors ( α 34 ) for samples that fulfilled the criteria of isotopic equilibrium, we determined the precipitation temperatures of elemental sulfur and sulfides (pyrite or chalcopyrite) to be 194 ± 14 °C and 293–488 °C, respectively. Interestingly, the obtained temperature of elemental sulfur precipitation corresponds exactly to the solid-liquid phase transition of native sulfur. Using Δ 33 S vs. δ 34 S and Δ 33 S vs. Δ 36 S diagrams, we are able to fully explain the isotopic signatures of disequilibrium sulfides by the mixing of sulfate with either elemental or organic sulfur in the aqueous fluid. Mixing curves allow the determination of the relative proportions of sulfate and organic and elemental sulfur, the latter being formed by the recombination of polysulfides during cooling. It appears that the sulfides' signatures are best explained by a 33% contribution of polysulfides (i.e., elemental sulfur signatures), consistent with the relative proportion of dissolved polysulfides previously measured in fluid inclusions from this formation at >200 °C. Finally, no sulfur mass independent fractionation (S-MIF) is observed in this evaporitic formation, consistent with the TSR signature generated both at equilibrium and by mixing. This implies that TSR does not generate S-MIFs. Our results thus provide multiple sulfur isotopes signatures of TSR, which may be used to reliably identify this process in variable geological settings.

International audience

International audience; By using a qualitative method (focus group) with 42 seniors, this exploratory study is aiming to investigate attitudes and opinions of seniors about five types of trainers/coaches (self-training, human personal trainer, robot, virtual immersion, E-coach) to promote physical activity. Our results tend to confirm that a hybrid solution such as an E-coach (combining human appearance and digital dimensions) could be the most relevant and acceptable for elderly people to promote and maintain physical activity at home.

International audience

International audience; Inverse Optimal Control (IOC) is a popular method for human motion analysis. In the context of these methods it is necessary to pay attention to the reliability of the results. This paper proposes an approach based on the evaluation of Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions relying on a complete analysis with Singular Value Decomposition and provides a detailed analysis of reliability. With respect to a ground truth, our simulations illustrate how the proposed method analyzes the reliability of the resolution. After introducing a clear methodology, the properties of the matrices are studied with different noise levels and different experimental models and conditions. We show how to implement the method, step by step, by explaining the numerical difficulties encountered during the resolution and thus how to make the results of the IOC problem reliable.

International audience; We study in this paper the design of the vehicleto-everything (V2X) network for vehicle platooning scenarios. We focus on the impact of packet relaying using Road Side Units (RSU) on the application-level performance, namely the inter-vehicle distance in the platoon. The RSU extends the coverage range of the platoon leader and allows handling the well-known Predicted Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (PCACC) scheme. We develop a Markov model for evaluating the performances of the different communication links (inter-vehicle and vehicle-to-RSU), using licensed or unlicensed spectrum. We then develop a cross-layer approach that adapts the application layer (PCACC control parameters) to the observed Medium Access Layer (MAC) performance. The simulations results prove that relaying allows to greatly reduce both the communication link failures and the intervehicular distances while introducing minimal delay in the system. Furthermore, even if using licensed spectrum for the relay link it drastically reduces the Packet Error Rate (PER) compared to the unlicensed spectrum case, the robustness of the application layer scheme makes the latter case viable for the considered scenario.

National audience; Il est généralement admis que Jan van Eyck était peu connaisseur, si ce n’est ignorant, en matière de perspective. Une analyse probabiliste des orthogonales dans cinq de ses tableaux, réalisés entre 1432 et 1439, dévoile pourtant l’existence d’un motif abstrait récurrent, véritable signature géométrique du maître flamand. Une reconstruction tridimensionnelle de la géométrie des Époux Arnolfini fidèle à cette signature démontre qu’il avait inventé une « machine à perspective » d’une modernité déconcertante, en réponse à un questionnement esthético-scientifique sur la manière de représenter l'espace au plus près de la vision humaine, nomade, stéréoscopique et de champ visuel réduit. Cette découverte suggère que la perspective picturale a été inventée à la même époque en Toscane et en Flandre, sous deux formes différentes : artificielle et monoscopique d’un côté, naturelle et polyscopique de l’autre.

International audience; Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) raises growing interest in phytomanagement because it commonly grows under poplar Short Rotation Coppices (SRC) set up at trace-metal (TM) contaminated sites and provides high-quality herbaceous fibres. The mycobiome of this non-mycorhizal plant and its capacity to adapt to TM-contaminated environments remains unknown. This study aimed at characterizing the mycobiome associated with nettle and poplar roots co-occurring at a TM-contaminated site. Plant root barcoding using the fungi-specific ITS1F-ITS2 primers and Illumina MiSeq technology revealed that nettle and poplar had distinct root fungal communities. The nettle mycobiome was dominated by Pezizomycetes from known endophytic taxa and from the supposedly saprotrophic genus Kotlabaea (which was the most abundant). Several ectomycorrhizal fungi such as Inocybe (Agaricomycetes) and Tuber (Pezizomycetes) species were associated with the poplar roots. Most of the Pezizomycetes taxa were present in the highly TM-contaminated area whereas Agaricomycetes tended to be reduced. Despite being a known non-mycorrhizal plant, nettle was associated with a significant proportion of ectomycorrhizal OTU (9.7%), suggesting some connexions between the poplar and the nettle root mycobiomes. Finally, our study raised the interest in reconsidering the fungal networking beyond known mycorrhizal interactions.

International audience; This work addresses the polygeneration concept integrating concentrating solar power (CSP) with an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) to produce electricity and drinking water by hybrid desalination process combining reverse osmosis (RO) and low-temperature multi-effect distillation (LTMED). Experiments carried out on a bench scale RO pilot led to determine optimal operating parameters as well as options to mitigate the main limiting factors of this technology by hybridizing with LTMED. These data helped to simulate a large scale solar polygeneration plant integrating parabolic trough collectors as CSP technology and a hybrid RO-LTMED system as desalination technology. Various ORC design proposals were simulated and the optimal configuration was pointed out on the basis of thermodynamic criteria (energy efficiency and exergy destruction) and an economic analysis by using two working fluids: an alkane commonly admitted as good candidate and an ester proposed here as green alternative. Results obtained in this work contribute positively to extending the solar polygeneration for desalination and production of energy leading to future sustainable plants.

(SIGGRAPH 2021); International audience; It is generally accepted that Jan van Eyck was unaware of perspective. However, an a-contrario analysis of the vanishing points in five of his paintings, realized between 1432 and 1439, unveils a recurring fishbone-like pattern that could only emerge from the use of a polyscopic perspective machine with two degrees of freedom. A 3D reconstruction of the Arnolfini Portrait compliant with this pattern suggests that van Eyck's device answered a both aesthetic and scientific questioning on how to represent space as closely as possible to human vision. This discovery makes van Eyck the father of today's immersive and nomadic creative media such as augmented reality and synthetic holography. CCS CONCEPTS • Applied computing~Arts and humanities

This work is an experimental approach regarding the opportunity to exploit Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) waste heat, using Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) Modules. The amount of energy recovered by TEG modules can be stored using NiMH batteries, and used for feeding the PEMFC Stack screens and LED lights once its turns on "Stand-by" mode. In fact, several combinations are envisaged to depict the optimal working conditions of the proposed system. The proposed 6A and 15A TEG modules are experienced under a 20A and 30A of load applied on the PEMFC Stack. A Re-Start mode is then investigated to observe the system response against such scenarios. The experimental result shows a promising output voltage rates generated by the TEG modules. At stack working temperature of 60µrC, the 15A TEG voltage is 500 mV and 571 mV under stack load of 20A and 30A respectively. In Re-Start mode, at same stack temperature, the output voltage is 517 mV. A numerical approach is employed for the determination of experimental Seebeck coe¢ cient and the evaluation of the thermoelectric conversion efficiency, using a one-dimensional (1-D) steady state model. A polynomial function of the experimental Seebeck coe¢ cient is then deduced.

International audience

International audience; The Bou Jaber ore deposit is one of the numerous diapir-related Pb–Zn–F–Ba deposits of the Dome Zone in Northern Tunisia. Its location is controlled by the regional NE-SW Tajerouine Fault.Ore minerals are hosted in the Late Aptian limestones (Serdj Formation) as open space filling and stratabound replacement bodies. According to Bouhlel et al. (2016), the poly-phase mineralization resulted from the successive activity of three mineral systems, a Pb–Zn, then a barite, and eventually a fluorite deposition system. The latter, from the Late Miocene, is demonstrated in the present study.The fluorite system is characterized by the involvement of oil in the hydrothermal fluids. This oil was produced in the local environment of the deposit from the thermal maturation of the Albian Fahdene black shale source-rock at temperature range of~140 °C–~100 °C. Two brines were involved in the fluorite hydrothermal system. The first one (L1) is a Ca-rich brine (≥20 wt % bulk salinity), with Na/Ca ≤ 0.18, which is thought to have long resided in the basement, before its transfer into the Jurassic reservoir (Upper Nara Formation) and its eventual mobilization at the time of ore deposition. The second brine (L2), less saline (≤14 wt % bulk salinity) is more sodic, with Na/Ca up to 0.53, and represents unmodified brine originated from the nearby Triassic salt. The L1 brine was F-bearing, whereas the L2 brine was associated with oil. Fluorite deposition occurred at the estimated shallow depth of 1.7 km from cooling of the L1 brine due to the first isobaric cooling from ~160 °C to 135 °C under sub-lithostatic conditions (36 MPa). This stage is followed by mixing with the newly incoming L2 brines (transporting oil) along a sub-isochoric decompression path (down to the hydrostatic pressure at 17 MPa) and continuously cooling from 135 °C to 125 °C. The cooling and mixing caused fluorite deposition after which a transient heat advection episode (up to 145 °C) caused late calcite deposition prior to the end of hydrothermal circulation.

International audience; Dans cet article, nous présentons une stratégie séquentielle pour l'apprentissage de systèmes de recommandationà grandeéchelle sur la base d'une rétroaction implicite, principalement sous la forme de clics. L'approche proposée consisteà minimiser l'erreur d'ordonnacement sur les blocs de produits consécutifs constitués d'une séquence de produits non cliqués suivie d'un produit cliqué pour chaque utilisateur. Afin d'éviter de mettreà jour les paramètres du modèle sur un nombre anormalementélevé de clics (principalement dus aux bots), nous introduisons un seuil supérieur et un seuil inférieur sur le nombre de misesà jour des paramètres pour chaque utilisateur. Ces seuils sont estimés sur la distribution du nombre de blocs dans l'ensemble d'apprentissage. Nous proposons une analyse de convergence de l'algorithme et démontrons empiriquement son efficacité sur six collections,à la fois en ce qui concerne les différentes mesures de performance et le temps de calcul.

Molluscan shells are among the most fascinating research objects because of their diverse morphologies and textures. The formation of these delicate biomineralized structures is a matrix-mediated process. A question that arises is what are the essential components required to build these exoskeletons. In order to understand the molecular mechanisms of molluscan shell formation, it is crucial to identify organic macromolecules in different shells from diverse taxa. In the case of bivalves, however, taxon sampling in previous shell proteomics studies are focused predominantly on representatives of the class Pteriomorphia such as pearl oysters, edible oysters and mussels. In this study, we have characterized the shell organic matrix from the crocus clam, Tridacna crocea, (Heterodonta) using various biochemical techniques, including SDS-PAGE, FT-IR, monosaccharide analysis, and enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA). Furthermore, we have identified a number of shell matrix proteins (SMPs) using a comprehensive proteomics approach combined to RNA-seq. The biochemical studies confirmed the presence of proteins, polysaccharides, and sulfates in the T. crocea shell organic matrix. Proteomics analysis revealed that the majority of the T. crocea SMPs are novel and dissimilar to known SMPs identified from the other bivalve species. Meanwhile, the SMP repertoire of the crocus clam also includes proteins with conserved functional domains such as chitin-binding domain, VWA domain, and protease inhibitor domain. We also identified BMSP (Blue Mussel Shell Protein, originally reported from Mytilus), which is widely distributed among molluscan shell matrix proteins. Tridacna SMPs also include low-complexity regions (LCRs) that are absent in the other molluscan genomes, indicating that these genes may have evolved in specific lineage. These results highlight the diversity of the organic molecules – in particular proteins – that are essential for molluscan shell formation.

International audience

Predominantly non-furanic commercial humins were used to prepare humin-based non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) resins for wood panel adhesives. Pure humin-based NIPU resins and tannin&ndash, humin NIPU resins were prepared, the latter to upgrade the humins&rsquo, performance. Species in the raw humins and species formed in the NIPU resins were identified by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI ToF) spectrometry and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Humins, fulvic acid and derivatives, humic acid and its fragments, some lignans present and furanic oligomers present formed NIPU linkages. Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) showed that as with other biomaterials-based NIPU resins, all these resins also showed two temperature peaks of curing, the first around 130 &deg, C and the second around 220 &deg, C. A decrease in the Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) between the two indicated that the first curing period corresponded to linear growth of the oligomers forming a physical entanglement network. This then disentangled, and the second corresponded to the formation of a chemical cross-linked network. This second peak was more evident for the tannin&ndash, humin NIPU resins. All the laboratory particleboard made and tested either bonded with pure humins or with tannin&ndash, humin NIPU adhesives satisfied well the internal bond strength requirements of the relevant standard for interior grade panels. The tannin&ndash, humin adhesives performed clearly better than the pure humins one.

International audience; Nickel is often added to cobalt-based superalloys to stabilize their austenitic structure. In this work the effects of Ni on several high temperature properties of a chromium-rich cobalt-based alloy reinforced by high fraction of TaC carbides are investigated. Different thermal analysis techniques are used: differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA) and thermogravimetry (TG). Results show that the progressive addition of nickel did not induce great modifications of microstructure, refractoriness or thermal expansion. However, minor beneficial effects were noted, including reduction of the melting temperature range and slight decrease in thermal expansion coefficient. The most important improvement induced by Ni addition concerns the hot oxidation behavior. In this way, introducing several tens wt % Ni in this type of cobalt-based alloy may be recommended.

The biotechnological potential of nine decay fungi collected from stored beech logs at a pulp and paper factory yard in Northern Iran was investigated. Beech blocks exposed to the fungi in a laboratory decay test were used to study changes in cell wall chemistry using both wet chemistry and spectroscopic methods. Pleurotus ostreatus, P. pulmonarius, and Lentinus sajor-caju caused greater lignin breakdown compared to other white-rot fungi, which led to a 28% reduction in refining energy. Trametesversicolor caused the greatest glucan loss, while P. ostreatus and L. sajor-caju were associated with the lowest losses of this sugar. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses indicated that white-rot fungi caused greater lignin degradation in the cell walls via the oxidation aromatic rings, confirming the chemical analysis. The rate of cellulose and lignin degradation by the T.versicolor and Pleurotus species was high compared to the other decay fungi analyzed in this study. Based on the above information, we propose that, among the fungi tested, P. ostreatus (27.42% lignin loss and 1.58% cellulose loss) and L. sajor-caju (29.92% lignin loss and 5.95% cellulose loss) have the greatest potential for biopulping.

Two alloys based on nickel and designed to be reinforced by MC carbides thanks to the presence of Hf and Ta were produced by casting. They were subjected to 50 h-long isothermal exposure at 1250 °C in synthetic air with thermogravimetric monitoring of the oxidation progress. In the as-cast state, they contain both significant quantities of (Hf,Ta)C carbides. Their verified melting start temperatures, close to 1300 °C, allowed performing the planned oxidation test. The two alloys demonstrated a chromia-forming behavior with limited mass gain rates. However, they also showed a rather low resistance to oxide spallation at cooling, which is in proportion with the Ta/Hf ratio. After 50 h at 1250 °C, the morphology of the carbides had significantly evolved, from their initial script-like shape to a fragmented and coalesced state. The results are promising, but the use of these alloys at 1250 °C needs further improvements on the mechanical level.

Revue en Open Access; International audience; Two Hf–poorest versions of a high performance chromia–forming nickel–based polycrystalline cast alloy reinforced by HfC carbides were investigated by replacing more or less hafnium by tantalum to reduce production cost. After elaboration, microstructure control, thermal analysis and exposures at temperature were carried out on samples cut in the obtained ingots. The as–cast microstructures of the two alloys are similar to the initial alloy one but their behaviors at the three considered high temperatures (1100, 1200 and 1250°C) were more or less different: more fragmentation of the MC carbides and precipitation of chromium carbides during aging. Some decreasing effects on the room temperature hardness were observed, and one can suppose that the high temperature mechanical properties of these two {(Hf,Ta)C carbides}–containing alloys derived from the HfC–strengthened initial one may be lowered.

Different resins are used for composites manufacturing, with most of them being based on oil. Synthetic resins are the most commonly used oil-based products in the world. Synthetic resins are widely used to bond wood-based panels. The typical adhesives for this application are oil-based. Most of the constituents of these adhesives present a high risks due to their environmental and human impact. Some of the compounds used are even now classed as carcinogenic. For example, urea–formaldehyde (UF) resins, which are widely used as adhesive, provide emission of carcinogenic formaldehyde gas. But, today, eco-friendly materials are increasingly applied as awareness increases in recent years of the consequences of using oil-based products. Thus, this chapter tries to introduce the environment-friendly adhesives both suitable as well as accessible to use for bio-composites manufacturing by exposing their advantages and disadvantages.

Masures are generalizations of Bruhat-Tits buildings. They were introduced by Gaussent and Rousseau in order to study Kac-Moody groups over valued fields. We prove that the intersection of two apartments of a masure is convex. Using this, we simplify the axiomatic definition of masures given by Rousseau., arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1710.09272

International audience; Halide mixing is a key strategy to tune the emission wavelength in lead halide perovskites but is also effective in improving the performance of halide perovskite solar cells. Yet, a clear and global picture of how halide alloying and related spatial in/homogeneous distribution influence the electronic and optical properties of halide perovskites is currently lacking. Considering the preeminent mixed iodine/bromine perovskite as a case study, state-of-the-art hybrid density functional theory calculations are performed, exploring the full space of chemical composition and accounting for phase segregation effects. It is shown that, at low doping regime, halide impurities do not act as trap states and that a quasi-linear opening of the bandgap occurs with increasing the bromine content. Phase segregation at the nanoscale, in turn, drastically affects the electronic structure of mixed halide systems, with namely bromine rich domains acting as barrier to hole diffusion. The energetic disorder probed by optical absorption in these mixed systems is surprisingly insensitive to configurational disorder, but mostly dominated by the coexistence of phases with various degrees of halide segregation.

International audience; The Piptadeniastrum Africanum bark tannin extract was characterized using MALDI TOF, ATR-FT MIR. It was used in the development of a resin with Vachellia nilotica extract as a biohardener. This tannin is consisting of Catechin, Quercetin, Chalcone, Gallocatechin, Epigallocatechin gallate, Epicatechin gallate. The gel time of the resin at natural pH (pH = 5.4) is 660 s and its MOE obtained by thermomechanical analysis is 3909 MPa. The tenacity of Urena lobata fibers were tested, woven into unidirectional mats (UD), and used as reinforcement in the development of biocomposite. The fibers tenacity at 20, 30 and 50 mm lengths are respectively 65.41, 41.04 and 33.86 cN·Tex−1 . The UD biocomposite obtained had very interesting mechanical properties. Its density, tensile MOE, ultimate strength, bending MOE and MOR are respectively 926 kg·m−3 , 6 GPa, 55 MPa, 9.3 GPa and 68.3 MPa. This biocomposite can be used in a building exterior structure.

International audience

The diversity of cultivable bacteria associated with plants from phytomanaged soils with mixed trace metal (TM) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination in Pierrelaye (France) was evaluated. The emphasis was on the cultivable bacterial community since the overall objective is to obtain inoculants to improve the remediation of this type of contaminated site. Root endophytic and rhizosphere soil bacterial counts were determined, and isolates were pooled by amplified rDNA restriction analysis and identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. Isolates were further characterized for the production of plant growth-promoting (PGP) substances, and resistance to TM. The selected strains were evaluated for their ability to degrade PAHs. The potential of cell-free microbial supernatant to increase the mobilisation of PAHs from the polluted soil of Pierrelaye was also evaluated. Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria dominated the collection of isolates, and differences in taxonomic diversity were observed between plant species (Populus or Zea mays) and depending on the remediation treatment (Populus inoculation with mycorrhizae or Populus intercropping with Alnus). The majority of isolates exhibited at least one of the tested PGP traits, as well as resistance to more than one TM. Several rhizosphere, endophyte and even one bulk soil isolate showed high rates of fluoranthene and pyrene reduction. The endophyte Rhizobium strain MR28 isolated from maize and degrading pyrene produced bioemulsifying molecules capable of improving the availability of PAHs from the soil of Pierrelaye. A selection of the most interesting strains was made for further re-inoculation experiments in order to assess their potential in rhizoremediation processes., This work was supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) under the PRECODD (ANR-06-ECOT-O15-01- PHYTOPOP) and the Blanc International (ANR-10-INTB-1703-01- BIOFILTREE) projects.

WebNLG+ offers two challenges: (i) mapping sets of RDF triples to English or Russian text (generation) and (ii) converting English or Russian text to sets of RDF triples (semantic parsing). Compared to the eponymous WebNLG challenge, WebNLG+ provides an extended dataset that enable the training, evaluation, and comparison of microplanners and semantic parsers. In this paper, we present the results of the generation and semantic parsing task for both English and Russian and provide a brief description of the participating systems., https://aclanthology.org/2020.webnlg-1.7.pdf

In this thesis we are interested in a problem of mathematics applied to biology. The aim is to explain the shape of the eggs of Eulimnadia, a small animal belonging to the class Branchiopods}, and more precisely the Limnadiidae. Indeed, according to the theory of evolution it is reasonable to think that the shape of living beings or objects derived from living beings is optimized to ensure the survival and expansion of the species in question. To do this we have opted for the inverse modeling method. The latter consists in proposing a biological explanation for the shape of the eggs, then modeling it in the form of a mathematical problem, and more precisely a shape optimisation problem which we try to solve and finally compare the shape obtained to the real one. We have studied two models, one leading to geometry and packing problems, the other to shape optimisation problems in linear elasticity.After the resolution of the first modeling problem, another mathematical question naturally arose to us, and we managed to solve it, resulting in the complete Blaschke-Santalò (A,D,r) diagram. In other words we can answer the following question: given three positive numbers A,D, and r, and it is possible to find a convex set of the plane whose area is equal to A, diameter equal to D, and radius of the inscribed circle equal to r.; Dans cette thèse nous nous intéressons à un problème de mathématiques appliquées à la biologie. Le but est d'expliquer la forme des oeufs d' Eulimnadia, un petit animal appartenant à la classe des Branchiopodes}, et plus préciséments les Limnadiides. En effet, d'après la théorie de l'évolution il est raisonnable de penser que la forme des êtres vivants où des objets issus d'êtres vivants est optimisée pour garantir la survie et l'expansion de l'espèce en question. Pour ce faire nous avons opté pour la méthode de modélisation inverse. Cette dernière consiste à proposer une explication biologique à la forme des œufs, puis de la modéliser sous forme d'un problème de mathématique, et plus précisément d'optimisation de forme, que l'on cherche à résoudre pour enfin comparer la forme obtenue à la forme réelle des oeufs. Nous avons étudié deux modélisations, l'une amenant à des problèmes de géométrie et de packing, l'autre à des problèmes d'optimisation de forme en élasticité linéaire.Durant la résolution du premier problème issue de la modélisation, une autre question mathématique s'est naturellement posée à nous, et nous sommes parvenus à la résoudre, donnant lieu à l'obtention du diagramme de Blaschke Santalo (A,D,r) complet. En d'autre mots nous pouvons répondre à la question suivante: étant donné trois nombres A,D, et r positifs, est il possible de trouver un ensemble convexe du plan dont l'aire est égale à A, le diamètre égal à D, et le rayon du cercle inscrit égal à r?

JWBR received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement No. 805246) and from the Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC) grant NE/N011716/1. Boron isotopes in marine carbonates are increasingly used to reconstruct seawater pH and atmospheric pCO2 through Earth’s history. While isotope ratio measurements from individual laboratories are often of high quality, it is important that records generated in different laboratories can equally be compared. Within this Boron Isotope Intercomparison Project (BIIP), we characterised the boron isotopic composition (commonly expressed in δ11B) of two marine carbonates: Geological Survey of Japan carbonate reference materials JCp‐1 (coral Porites) and JCt‐1 (giant clam Tridacna gigas). Our study has three foci: (a) to assess the extent to which oxidative pre‐treatment, aimed at removing organic material from carbonate, can influence the resulting δ11B; (b) to determine to what degree the chosen analytical approach may affect the resultant δ11B; and (c) to provide well‐constrained consensus δ11B values for JCp‐1 and JCt‐1. The resultant robust mean and associated robust standard deviation (s*) for un‐oxidised JCp‐1 is 24.36 ± 0.45‰ (2s*), compared with 24.25 ± 0.22‰ (2s*) for the same oxidised material. For un‐oxidised JCt‐1, respective compositions are 16.39 ± 0.60‰ (2s*; un‐oxidised) and 16.24 ± 0.38‰ (2s*; oxidised). The consistency between laboratories is generally better if carbonate powders were oxidatively cleaned prior to purification and measurement. Publisher PDF

International audience

International audience; Document images dewarping is still a challenge especially when documents are captured with one camera in an uncontrolled environment. In this paper we propose a generic approach based on vanishing points (VP) to reconstruct the 3D shape of document pages. Unlike previous methods we do not need to segment the text included in the documents. Therefore, our approach is less sensitive to pre-processing and segmentation errors. The computation of the VPs is robust and relies on the a-contrario framework, which has only one parameter whose setting is based on probabilistic reasoning instead of experimental tuning. Thus, our method can be applied to any kind of document including text and non-text blocks and extended to other kind of images. Experimental results show that the proposed method is robust to a variety of distortions.

Hypothesis The adsorption mechanisms of fatty acids on minerals are largely debated from years, and their understanding is now required to improve flotation processing in the critical context of raw materials. Three wavenumbers have been observed in the literature for the asymmetric stretching vibration of COO− after the adsorption of fatty acids on mineral surfaces. They have been interpreted as different adsorbed forms, such as a precipitate formation, an adsorption of sole or bridged carboxylates, an anion exchange, or adsorbed modes, such as monodentate or bidentate configurations. Experiments/theory Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy was combined with ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and simulation of infrared spectra. Fluorite and sodium octanoate – or longer-chain fatty acids – were used as prototypical materials for all the investigations. Findings At low fatty acids concentration, the asymmetric stretching vibration of COO− peaks at 1560 cm−1 while, at higher concentration, this infrared band converts into a doublet peaking at 1535 and 1575 cm−1. Using simulations, we assign the band at 1560 cm−1 to the adsorption of a carboxylate molecule bridged on a sodium counter-cation and the doublet at 1535 and 1575 cm−1 to the adsorption of the sole carboxylate anion under a monodentate or a bidentate binuclear configuration, respectively. The formation of an adsorbed layer on the mineral surface is initiated by the adsorption of a sodium carboxylate and followed by the adsorption of mixed sole anionic forms. The role of the carboxylate counter-cation is highlighted for the first time, which was totally ignored in the literature beforehand. This particularly opens the path to the development of innovative strategies to enhance the separation contrast between minerals, which is of uttermost importance for the recovery of critical raw materials.

International audience; The insertion of cyclic building blocks in oligoureas to stabilize or modulate the properties of the 12/14-helix was often fruitless. We herein propose a fully compatible highly constrained building block that could be incorporated into oligoureas to develop highly stable and functionnal oligoureas helices.

Three cobalt-based alloys, containing chromium to resist high temperature oxidation and hot corrosion, carbon and tantalum to allow the formation of tantalum carbides with a fraction high enough to favour high mechanical properties at high temperature, as well as nickel in three distinct contents, were produced by classical foundry. The obtained alloys were subjected to three tests of different type, aiming to observe their behaviours at high temperature, with special attention to the influence of the nickel content on these properties. These tests were differential thermal analysis, thermodilatometry and long isothermal exposure at high temperature. The effect of the nickel content on the melting temperature range, on the average thermal expansion coefficient and on the evolution of the characteristics of the carbides at high temperature are analyzed and discussed.; Trois alliages basés sur le cobalt, contenant du chrome en quantité suffisante pour résister à l’oxydation à haute température et à la corrosion à chaud, du carbone et du tantale pour permettre la présence dans leurs microstructures de carbures de tantale avec une fraction suffisante pour présenter une bonne résistance mécanique à haute température, ainsi que du nickel avec trois différentes teneurs, ont été élaborés par fonderie classique. Ils ont fait l’objet de trois expériences différentes visant à connaître leurs comportements à haute température, avec une attention particulière pour l’effet de la teneur en nickel sur ces propriétés. Ces expériences ont été l’analyse thermique différentielle, la thermodilatométrie et l’exposition isotherme prolongée à haute température. Les effets de la teneur en nickel sur l’intervalle de fusion, sur le coefficient de dilatation thermique moyen et sur l’évolution des caractéristiques des carbures à haute température ont été étudiés et sont commentés.

The base of chromia-forming cast superalloys is the most often constituted of nickel and/or cobalt. Both elements may be simultaneously present, for instance Co for promoting good mechanical properties and Ni for stabilizing the austenitic matrix and favouring good ductility and machinability. In service, superalloys must also resist hot oxidation, property favoured by Ni but disadvantaged by Co. In (Ta,C)-rich cast superalloys exposed at high temperature, the intergranular strength may be enhanced by the very efficient TaC carbides while the higher the Co content the stronger the matrix creep resistance. In this work, six alloys designed to be chromia-forming and TaC-strengthened were exposed to laboratory air at 1200°C for 170 hours, to examine how the deterioration by oxidation and the evolution with time of the strengthening carbides in the bulk may be influenced by the Co/Ni ratio in the case of this important family of superalloys. The characterization of the formed oxide scales and of the morphologic evolution of the carbides allowed identifying a {0.6Co-0.4Ni}-proportion for the base elements. Such combination obviously allows keeping a chromia-forming behaviour and a good adherence of the protective oxide scale on the alloy, as well as a good resistance of the TaC against fragmentation.