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1. WAO-ARIA consensus on chronic cough – Part III

Author

Philip W. Rouadi, Samar A. Idriss, Jean Bousquet, Tanya M. Laidlaw, Cecilio R. Azar, Mona S. Al-Ahmad, Anahi Yañez, Maryam Ali Y. Al-Nesf, Talal M. Nsouli, Sami L. Bahna, Eliane Abou-Jaoude, Fares H. Zaitoun, Usamah M. Hadi, Peter W. Hellings, Glenis K. Scadding, Peter K. Smith, Mario Morais-Almeida, René Maximiliano Gómez, Sandra N. Gonzalez Diaz, Ludger Klimek, Georges S. Juvelekian, Moussa A. Riachy, Giorgio Walter Canonica, David Peden, Gary W.K. Wong, James Sublett, Jonathan A. Bernstein, Lianglu Wang, Luciana K. Tanno, Manana Chikhladze, Michael Levin, Yoon-Seok Chang, Bryan L. Martin, Luis Caraballo, Adnan Custovic, Jose Antonio Ortego-Martell, Olivia J.Ly Lesslar, Erika Jensen-Jarolim, Motohiro Ebisawa, Alessandro Fiocchi, Ignacio J. Ansotegui, Beirut Eye & ENT Specialist Hospital (BESH), Eye & Ear Hospital [Beirut], Hôpital Edouard Herriot [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon (MACVIA-LR), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), Commission Européenne-Commission Européenne-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Brigham and Women’s Hospital [Boston, MA], Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center (AUB), Middle East Institute of Health, Clemenceau Medical Center (CMC), Kuwait University, Investigaciones en Alergia y Enfermedades Respiratorias (InAER), Hamad Medical Corporation [Doha, Qatar], International Cough Institute (ICI), Louisiana State University (LSU), LAU Medical Center-Rizk Hospital, University Hospitals Leuven [Leuven], Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation [Leuven], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Ghent University Hospital, Academic Medical Center - Academisch Medisch Centrum [Amsterdam] (AMC), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), The Royal National Throat, Nose and Ear Hospital, Griffith University [Brisbane], Hospital CUF Descobertas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud [Salta], Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSA), Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon [Mexique] (UANL), Center for Rhinology and Allergology Wiesbaden, University Hospital Mannheim, Saint George Hospital University Medical Center [UOB LIBAN], University of Balamand [Liban] (UOB), Hôtel-Dieu de France (HDF), Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth (USJ), Humanitas Clinical and Research Center [Rozzano, Milan, Italy], UNC School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong], University of Louisville School of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital [Beijing] (PUMCH), Institut Desbrest de santé publique (IDESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), World Health Organisation (WHO), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Akaki Tsereteli State University, University of Cape Town, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital (SNUBH), The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center., University of Cartagena, National Heart and Lung Institute [London] (NHLI), Imperial College London-Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), LifeSpan medicine, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University of Vienna [Vienna]-University of Vienna [Vienna]-Medical University Vienna, University of Vienna [Vienna]-University of Vienna [Vienna], Sagamihara National Hospital [Kanagawa, Japan], Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital [Rome, Italy], Hospital Quirónsalud Bizkaia [Bilbao], and Salvy-Córdoba, Nathalie

Subjects
EXHALED NITRIC-OXIDE, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Cough specialty care, Chronic cough management, Allergy, AIRWAY INFLAMMATION, Upper airway cough syndrome, Immunology, MUCOSAL EOSINOPHILIC INFLAMMATION, GASTROESOPHAGEAL-REFLUX DISEASE, INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS, Lower airway disease, Speech therapy, QUALITY-OF-LIFE, CHEST GUIDELINE, Immunology and Allergy, [SDV.IMM.ALL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Allergology, Neuromodulators, VARIANT ASTHMA, Cough primary care, Science & Technology, CLINICAL-PRACTICE GUIDELINE, Reflux cough, REFRACTORY CHRONIC COUGH, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, [SDV.IMM.ALL] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Allergology
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Chronic cough management necessitates a clear integrated care pathway approach. Primary care physicians initially encounter the majority of chronic cough patients, yet their role in proper management can prove challenging due to limited access to advanced diagnostic testing. A multidisciplinary approach involving otolaryngologists and chest physicians, allergists, and gastroenterologists, among others, is central to the optimal diagnosis and treatment of conditions which underly or worsen cough. These include infectious and inflammatory, upper and lower airway pathologies, or gastro-esophageal reflux. Despite the wide armamentarium of ancillary testing conducted in cough multidisciplinary care, such management can improve cough but seldom resolves it completely. This can be due partly to the limited data on the role of tests (eg, spirometry, exhaled nitric oxide), as well as classical pharmacotherapy conducted in multidisciplinary specialties for chronic cough. Other important factors include presence of multiple concomitant cough trigger mechanisms and the central neuronal complexity of chronic cough. Subsequent management conducted by cough specialists aims at control of cough refractory to prior interventions and includes cough-specific behavioral counseling and pharmacotherapy with neuromodulators, among others. Preliminary data on the role of neuromodulators in a proof-of-concept manner are encouraging but lack strong evidence on efficacy and safety. OBJECTIVES: The World Allergy Organization (WAO)/Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) Joint Committee on Chronic Cough reviewed the recent literature on management of chronic cough in primary, multidisciplinary, and cough-specialty care. Knowledge gaps in diagnostic testing, classical and neuromodulator pharmacotherapy, in addition to behavioral therapy of chronic cough were also analyzed. OUTCOMES: This third part of the WAO/ARIA consensus on chronic cough suggests a management algorithm of chronic cough in an integrated care pathway approach. Insights into the inherent limitations of multidisciplinary cough diagnostic testing, efficacy and safety of currently available antitussive pharmacotherapy, or the recently recognized behavioral therapy, can significantly improve the standards of care in patients with chronic cough. ispartof: WORLD ALLERGY ORGANIZATION JOURNAL vol:15 issue:5 ispartof: location:United States status: published

Published
2022

2. Physicochemical and antibacterial properties of novel, premixed calcium silicate-based sealer compared to powder-liquid bioceramic sealer

Author

Ammar Eid, Salvatore Sauro, Youri Arntz, Youssef Haikel, Jihed Zghal, Naji Kharouf, Davide Mancino, Producción Científica UCH 2020, UCH. Departamento de Odontología, Biomatériaux et Bioingénierie (BB), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Damas = Damascus University, Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Energétique Mécanique Electromagnétisme (LEME), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud [Salta], Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSA), I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University [Moscow, Russia] (MSMU), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), univOAK, Archive ouverte, Damascus University, and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE)

Subjects
bioceramic sealer, lcsh:Medicine, physicochemical properties, 02 engineering and technology, Bioceramic, Sciences du Vivant [q-bio]/Médecine humaine et pathologie, Article, Materiales dentales - Propiedades, Dientes - Cavidades - Preparación, Contact angle, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Teeth - Roots - Planing, 0302 clinical medicine, antibacterial activity, Medicine, Solubility, Odontología restauradora, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, business.industry, lcsh:R, calcium-silicate-based materials, filling ability, 030206 dentistry, General Medicine, Gums and resins in Dentistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Microstructure, 6. Clean water, Dental materials - Properties, Compressive strength, chemistry, Distilled water, Calcium silicate, 0210 nano-technology, business, Antibacterial activity, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Gomas y resinas - Aplicaciones en Odontología, Dentistry, Operative, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the physicochemical properties, filling ability, and antibacterial activity of a premixed calcium silicate-based sealer to those of a powder&ndash, liquid bioceramic sealer. Ceraseal (CS) and BioRoot (BR) materials were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy at 7 and 14 d of immersion in distilled water. The filling ability of the two sealers as well as the water contact angle, solubility, flow, roughness, crystalline microstructure, pH, and compressive strength were also evaluated. The antibacterial activity was assessed through an agar diffusion as well as through direct tests. All the results were statistically analyzed using one-way or two-way analysis of variance tests. Statistically significant lower void percentages were observed for CS at 2 and 8 mm from the working length (WL) compared to those for the BR group, whilst no significant difference was observed at 5 mm from the WL. BR sealer showed higher alkaline pH, rougher surface, lower water contact angle values, lower flowability, and higher solubility compared to CS. BR showed globular and needle-like crystalline microstructure, whilst CS had globular and flower-like crystalline microstructure up to 72 h. No statistical difference was found for the compressive strength between the two sealers. BR and CS showed no antibacterial effect against Enterococcus faecalis after 3 h, whilst both sealers showed antibacterial capacity after 24 and 72 h. BR demonstrated higher antibacterial activity after 24 h. In conclusion, the use of bioceramic sealers may play an important role in controlling bacterial growth. Moreover, CS may have superior filling ability and lower solubility than the BioRoot sealer due to its specific chemical composition and mixing method.

Published
2020

3. Tooth crown tissue proportions and enamel thickness in Early Pleistocene Homo antecessor molars (Atapuerca, Spain)

Author

Laura Martín-Francés, Laura Rodríguez, Marina Martínez de Pinillos, José María Bermúdez de Castro, Mario Modesto-Mata, María Martinón-Torres, Cecilia García-Campos, Clément Zanolli, Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud [Salta], and Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSA)

Subjects
Teeth, Hominids, Early Pleistocene, Neanderthal, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Social Sciences, lcsh:Medicine, 01 natural sciences, Geographical Locations, Pleistocene Epoch, Medicine and Health Sciences, Dentin, 0601 history and archaeology, lcsh:Science, Phylogeny, Neanderthals, Quaternary Period, Multidisciplinary, Crowns, Enamel paint, biology, Fossils, Geology, 06 humanities and the arts, Biological Evolution, Europe, medicine.anatomical_structure, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Physical Anthropology, France, Anatomy, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Research Article, 010506 paleontology, Pleistocene, Molars, stomatognathic system, Paleoanthropology, biology.animal, medicine, Hominins, Animals, Humans, European Union, Dental Enamel, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Paleodontology, Tooth Crown, 060101 anthropology, lcsh:R, Biology and Life Sciences, Paleontology, Geologic Time, Homo antecessor, biology.organism_classification, Molar, stomatognathic diseases, Jaw, Spain, Evolutionary biology, Anthropology, People and Places, Earth Sciences, Cenozoic Era, lcsh:Q, Digestive System, Head
Abstract

International audience; Tooth crown tissue proportions and enamel thickness distribution are considered reliable characters for inferring taxonomic identity, phylogenetic relationships, dietary and behavioural adaptations in fossil and extant hominids. While most Pleistocene hominins display variations from thick to hyper-thick enamel, Neanderthals exhibit relatively thinner. However, the chronological and geographical origin for the appearance of this typical Neanderthal condition is still unknown. The European late Early Pleistocene species Homo antecessor (Gran Dolina-TD6 site, Sierra de Atapuerca) represents an opportunity to investigate the appearance of the thin condition in the fossil record. In this study, we aim to test the hypothesis if H. antecessor molars approximates the Neanderthal condition for tissue proportions and enamel thickness. To do so, for the first time we characterised the molar inner structural organization in this Early Pleistocene hominin taxon (n = 17) and compared it to extinct and extant populations of the genus Homo from African, Asian and European origin (n = 355). The comparative sample includes maxillary and mandibular molars belonging to H. erectus, East and North African Homo, European Middle Pleistocene Homo, Neanderthals, and fossil and extant H. sapiens. We used high-resolution images to investigate the endostructural configuration of TD6 molars (tissue proportions, enamel thickness and distribution). TD6 permanent molars tend to exhibit on average thick absolute and relative enamel in 2D and 3D estimates, both in the complete crown and the lateral enamel. This condition is shared with the majority of extinct and extant hominin sample, except for Neanderthals and some isolated specimens. However, while the total crown percentage of dentine in TD6 globally resembles the low modern values, the lateral crown percentage of dentine tends to be much higher, closer to the Neanderthal signal. Similarly, the H. antecessor molar enamel distribution maps reveal a relative distribution pattern that is more similar to the Neanderthal condition (with the thickest enamel more spread at the periphery of the occlusal basin) rather than that of other fossil specimens and modern humans (with thicker cuspal enamel). Future studies on European Middle Pleistocene populations will provide more insights into the evolutionary trajectory of the typical Neanderthal dental structural organization.

Published
2018

4. CHAGAS DISEASE IN RURAL AREAS OF CHACO PROVINCE, ARGENTINA: EPIDEMIOLOGIC SURVEY IN HUMANS, RESERVOIRS, AND VECTORS

Author

Rubén Marino Cardozo, Hugo Rojo, Carlos Meza, Jorge Diego Marco, Rosa Zacca, Aligio Juarez, Angel Marcelo Padilla, Rubén O. Cimino, Ricardo Rey, Olga Sánchez Negrette, Rosa Milagros Corrales, Julio R. Nasser, Patricio Diosque, Miguel A. Basombrío, Instituto de Patología Experimental [Salta], Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud [Salta], and Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSA)-Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSA)

Subjects
Male, Veterinary medicine, Disease reservoir, Antibodies, Protozoan, Rural Health, Disease Vectors, medicine.disease_cause, 0302 clinical medicine, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Child, Aged, 80 and over, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, biology, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Chagas, Child, Preschool, Female, Adult, Chagas disease, Adolescent, Trypanosoma cruzi, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Argentina, Animals, Wild, 03 medical and health sciences, Dogs, Virology, Environmental health, parasitic diseases, Triatoma infestans, Infestation, medicine, Animals, Humans, Seroprevalence, Chagas Disease, education, Aged, Disease Reservoirs, 030304 developmental biology, Infant, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Vector (epidemiology), [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Parasitology, Trypanosomiasis
Abstract

International audience; We studied the seroprevalence of antibodies against Trypanosoma cruzi in the human population along with domiciliary infestation by triatomine bugs in an area endemic for Chagas disease in the Chaco Province of Argentina. In addition, we carried out parasitologic surveys in patients, dogs, wild mammals, and vectors. The mean seroprevalence in humans was 27.81% (109 of 392) and 24.14% (63 of 261) in 1-15-year-old children. The minimum domiciliary infestation rate was 13.33%, with certain areas reaching 53.85%. The prevalence was 15.09% (16 of 106) in dogs and 35.71% (10 of 28) in opossums. Infection with T. cruzi was detected in 30.10% (59 of 196) of the Triatoma infestans tested. Compared with nationwide studies, our data suggest that 1) there are zones requiring immediate sanitary action, and 2) nationwide estimates are based on very heterogeneous epidemiologic situations. This heterogeneity emphasizes the importance of in-depth studies of restricted areas to provide additional information for a better understanding of the present status of Chagas disease in Argentina.

Published
2004

5. International study to evaluate PCR methods for detection of Trypanosoma cruzi DNA in blood samples from Chagas disease patients

Author

Janis Ladzins, Gladys Crisante, Ana M. Mejia Jaramillo, Maria I. Jercic, Tatiana Tellez, Alexandre J. DaSilva, Stijn Deborggraeve, Alejandro O. Luquetti, Debbie Nolder, Pilar Zorrilla, Patricio Diosque, Maria Mercedes Monje Rumi, Lúcia Maria da Cunha Galvão, Sergio Sosa Estani, Carlos Robello, Omar Triana Chávez, Faustino Torrico, María Flores, Alejandro G. Schijman, Juan David Ramírez, Néstor Añez, Pedro Yachelini, Mariela Sued, Azzedine Assal, Raul Horacio Lucero, Constança Britto, Inés Zulantay, Gisely Hijar, Christine Aznar, Vincent Veron, Margarita Bisio, Carolina Cura, Ana Maria de Castro, Philippe Büscher, Elsa F. Velazquez, Tomás Duffy, Clara Isabel González, José Eduardo Levi, Frederic Auter, Felipe Guhl, Karla Y. Acosta Viana, Yvonne Qvarnstrom, Graciela Russomando, Liliana Orellana, Zunilda Sanchez Leon, Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular de la Enfermedad de Chagas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Cálculo [Buenos Aires], Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales [Buenos Aires] (FCEyN), Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA)-Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA), Grupo Chagas, Universidad de Antioquia = University of Antioquia [Medellín, Colombia], French Blood Services, Coordination Régionale de la Lutte contre le VIH, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Department of parasitic diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Institute of Tropical Medicine [Antwerp] (ITM), Instituto nacional de Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste [Corrientes] (UNNE), Instituto Nacional de Chagas, Instituto Nacional de Parasitología 'Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben' (INP), Centro universitario de Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina-Universidad Mayor de San Simón [Cochabamba, Bolivie] (UMSS), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción [Paraguay] (UNA), Faculdade de Farmacia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Department of Clinical Parasitology, Hospital for Tropical Diseases-London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Instituto de Patología Experimental [Salta], Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud [Salta], Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSA)-Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSA), Blood Bank, Hospital Sirio Libanes, Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiologia y Parasitologia Tropical, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centro de Mahahonda, Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC)-Centro Nacional de Microbiologia, Seccion Parasitologia, Centro de Investigaciones Parasitologicas 'J.F Torrealba', Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública (IPTSP), Universidade Federal de Goiás [Goiânia] (UFG), Grupo de Inmunologia y Epidemiologia Molecular, Universidad Industrial de Santander [Bucaramanga] (UIS)-Facultad de Salud, Departamento de Biomedicina de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Laboratorio de Biologia Celular, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales 'Dr Hideyo Noguchi'-Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Catolica de Santiago del Estero, Centro Nacional de Diagnostico e Investigacion de Endemoepidemias, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases / Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas [Rio de Janeiro], Instituto Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Institute [Rio de Janeiro] (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Laboratorio de pesquisa de Doença de Chagas, Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Funding was provided by World Health Organization-Tropical Diseases Research, Panamerican Health Organization (WHO-TDR-PAHO), Universidad de las Naciones Unidas/Biotecnologia para America Latina y el Caribe (UNU-BIOLAC), Consejo Nacional de Ciencias y Tecnologia (CONICET) PIP 112-200801-09215, National Agency of Science and Technology, PICT 33955, Buenos Aires, Argentina., World Health Organization (WHO/OMS), Organización Panamericana de la Salud, United Nations University, and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina)

Subjects
lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Enfermedad de chagas, Satellite DNA, lcsh:RC955-962, International Cooperation, Trypanosoma cruzi, 030231 tropical medicine, Consensus PCR, MESH: DNA, Protozoan, MESH: Parasitology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Polymerase Chain Reaction, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, TaqMan, Humans, Chagas Disease, MESH: Chagas Disease, Microbiology/Parasitology, Molecular Biology, Polymerase chain reaction, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, MESH: Humans, biology, 030306 microbiology, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Infectious Diseases/Protozoal Infections, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MESH: Polymerase Chain Reaction, lcsh:RA1-1270, DNA, Protozoan, biology.organism_classification, DNA extraction, Molecular biology, MESH: Sensitivity and Specificity, 3. Good health, MESH: International Cooperation, Infectious Diseases, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Infectious Diseases/Neglected Tropical Diseases, Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa, Parasitology, Low copy number, MESH: Trypanosoma cruzi, Research Article
Abstract

Background A century after its discovery, Chagas disease still represents a major neglected tropical threat. Accurate diagnostics tools as well as surrogate markers of parasitological response to treatment are research priorities in the field. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of PCR methods in detection of Trypanosoma cruzi DNA by an external quality evaluation. Methodology/Findings An international collaborative study was launched by expert PCR laboratories from 16 countries. Currently used strategies were challenged against serial dilutions of purified DNA from stocks representing T. cruzi discrete typing units (DTU) I, IV and VI (set A), human blood spiked with parasite cells (set B) and Guanidine Hidrochloride-EDTA blood samples from 32 seropositive and 10 seronegative patients from Southern Cone countries (set C). Forty eight PCR tests were reported for set A and 44 for sets B and C; 28 targeted minicircle DNA (kDNA), 13 satellite DNA (Sat-DNA) and the remainder low copy number sequences. In set A, commercial master mixes and Sat-DNA Real Time PCR showed better specificity, but kDNA-PCR was more sensitive to detect DTU I DNA. In set B, commercial DNA extraction kits presented better specificity than solvent extraction protocols. Sat-DNA PCR tests had higher specificity, with sensitivities of 0.05–0.5 parasites/mL whereas specific kDNA tests detected 5.10−3 par/mL. Sixteen specific and coherent methods had a Good Performance in both sets A and B (10 fg/µl of DNA from all stocks, 5 par/mL spiked blood). The median values of sensitivities, specificities and accuracies obtained in testing the Set C samples with the 16 tests determined to be good performing by analyzing Sets A and B samples varied considerably. Out of them, four methods depicted the best performing parameters in all three sets of samples, detecting at least 10 fg/µl for each DNA stock, 0.5 par/mL and a sensitivity between 83.3–94.4%, specificity of 85–95%, accuracy of 86.8–89.5% and kappa index of 0.7–0.8 compared to consensus PCR reports of the 16 good performing tests and 63–69%, 100%, 71.4–76.2% and 0.4–0.5, respectively compared to serodiagnosis. Method LbD2 used solvent extraction followed by Sybr-Green based Real time PCR targeted to Sat-DNA; method LbD3 used solvent DNA extraction followed by conventional PCR targeted to Sat-DNA. The third method (LbF1) used glass fiber column based DNA extraction followed by TaqMan Real Time PCR targeted to Sat-DNA (cruzi 1/cruzi 2 and cruzi 3 TaqMan probe) and the fourth method (LbQ) used solvent DNA extraction followed by conventional hot-start PCR targeted to kDNA (primer pairs 121/122). These four methods were further evaluated at the coordinating laboratory in a subset of human blood samples, confirming the performance obtained by the participating laboratories. Conclusion/Significance This study represents a first crucial step towards international validation of PCR procedures for detection of T. cruzi in human blood samples., Author Summary A century after its discovery, Chagas disease, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, still represents a major neglected tropical threat. Accurate diagnostics tools as well as surrogate markers of parasitological response to treatment are research priorities in the field. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been proposed as a sensitive laboratory tool for detection of T. cruzi infection and monitoring of parasitological treatment outcome. However, high variation in accuracy and lack of international quality controls has precluded reliable applications in the clinical practice and comparisons of data among cohorts and geographical regions. In an effort towards harmonization of PCR strategies, 26 expert laboratories from 16 countries evaluated their current PCR procedures against sets of control samples, composed by serial dilutions of T.cruzi DNA from culture stocks belonging to different lineages, human blood spiked with parasite cells and blood samples from Chagas disease patients. A high variability in sensitivities and specificities was found among the 48 reported PCR tests. Out of them, four tests with best performance were selected and further evaluated. This study represents a crucial first step towards device of a standardized operative procedure for T. cruzi PCR.

Published
2011

6. Congenital Chagas disease involves Trypanosoma cruzi sub-lineage IId in the northwestern province of Salta, Argentina

Author

Simone Frédérique Brenière, Olga Sánchez Negrette, Rosa Milagros Corrales, María Celia Mora, Diego Lacunza, Miguel A. Basombrío, Myrna Virreira, Patricio Diosque, LPHI - Laboratory of Pathogen Host Interactions (LPHI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Psychiatry, Instituto de Patología Experimental [Salta], Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud [Salta], Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSA)-Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSA), Dept Mat Sc, Silesian Tech Univ, UR008 Pathogénie des Trypanosomatidés (IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)

Subjects
Congenital Chagas Disease, Ciencias de la Salud, 0302 clinical medicine, Multilocus, Pregnancy, Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis (Mlee), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Phylogenetic tree, 3. Good health, RAPD, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique, Infectious Diseases, purl.org/becyt/ford/3 [https], Female, Microbiology (medical), Chagas disease, enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE), CIENCIAS MÉDICAS Y DE LA SALUD, Trypanosoma cruzi, 030231 tropical medicine, Argentina, Biology, Minicircle, Microbiology, purl.org/becyt/ford/3.3 [https], 03 medical and health sciences, Species Specificity, Phylogenetics, parasitic diseases, medicine, Epidemiología, Animals, Humans, Chagas Disease, Lineages, Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna (Rapd), Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Polymorphism, Genetic, Molecular epidemiology, Trypanosoma Cruzi Iid, DNA, Protozoan, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Genetic marker, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract

Trypanosoma cruzi is genetically classified into six discrete phylogenetic lineages on the basis of different genetic markers. Identifying lineages circulating among humans in different areas is essential to understand the molecular epidemiology of Chagas disease. In the present study, 18 T. cruzi isolates from congenitally infected newborns in the northwestern province of Salta-Argentina were studied by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). All isolates were typed by MLEE and RAPD as belonging to T. cruzi IId. Analysis of minor variants of TcIId using probes hybridizing with hypervariable domains of kDNA minicircles, detected three variants with a similar distribution among the isolates. Our findings confirm the presence of T. cruzi IId among congenitally infected newborns in northwestern Argentina and support the assumption that human infection by T. cruzi in the Southern Cone countries of Latin America is due principally to T. cruzi II. Fil: Corrales, Rosa M.. Dèpartement Societès Et Santè; Francia Fil: Mora, Maria Celia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Patología Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Instituto de Patología Experimental; Argentina Fil: Sánchez Negrette, Olga. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Patología Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Instituto de Patología Experimental; Argentina Fil: Diosque, Patricio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Patología Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Instituto de Patología Experimental; Argentina Fil: Lacunza, Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Patología Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Instituto de Patología Experimental; Argentina Fil: Virreira, Myrna. Facultè de Mèdecine; Fil: Brenière, Simone Frédérique. Departement Societes Et Sante; Fil: Basombrío, Miguel Ángel Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Patología Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Instituto de Patología Experimental; Argentina

Published
2008

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