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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan masalah mendasar yang menyebabkan uji kompetensi guru rendah beradasarkan berpikir sistem (system thinking) sehingga masalah mendasar tersebut dapat menjadi daya ungkit dalam penyelesaian masalah rendahnya kompetensi mutu dan kompetensi guru di Aceh. Pendekatan Kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini, subjek penelitian terdiri dari guru Sekolah Dasar di Banda Aceh yang dipilih secara random, kepala sekolah dan dinas pendidikan kota. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi serta kajian literatur Neraca Pendidikan Daerah (NPD) dari tahun 2015 –2017, di hubungkan dengan beberapa hasil penelitian dan pernyataan tokoh-tokoh pendidikan serta pemerintah terkait masalah Uji Kompetensi Guru. Analisis dimulai dari data reduction, data display, dan conclusion drawing/verification, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga pilar dalam berpikir sistem sebagai daya ungkit dalam permasalahan rendahnya mutu dan kompetensi guru yaitu reinforcing berkaitan dengan peningkatan kapabilitas guru, balancing berkaitan dengan perubahan sistem proses rekruitmen guru, dan delaying berkaitan dengan politik dan politisasi pendidikan. Kata kunci: peningkatan kompetensi guru, system thinking, reinforcing, balancing, delaying IMPROVING TEACHER COMPETENCE BASED ON SYSTEM THINKING Abstract This study aims to find a fundamental problem that causes low teacher competency test based on system thinking so that the fundamental problem can be a leverage in solving the problem of low-quality competency and teacher competency in Aceh. The Qualitative approach was used in this study, the research subjects consisted of randomly selected elementary school teachers in Banda Aceh, the head of the school and the city education office. Data were collected through interviews, and documentation studies as well as a literature review of the Regional Education Balance (NPD) from 2015-2017, linked to several research results and statements from education and government figures regarding the issue of Teacher Competency Test. The analysis starts from data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification, the results of the study show that there are three pillars in system thinking as leverage in the problem of low quality and teacher competency, namely reinforcing with regard to increasing teacher capabilities, balancing in relation to changes in the recruitment system teacher, and delaying with regard to politics and the politicization of education. Keywords: increasing teacher competency, system thinking, reinforcing, balancing, delaying

Sintesis dan sifat kopolimer kristal kiral metil eugenol dan eugenol telah dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kelarutan kopolimer dan pengaruh kristal kiral terhadap berat molekul kopolimer yang dihasilkan. Reaksi adisi, kopolimerisasi dan metode viskometri yang digunakan dalam penenlitian ini, untuk mengidentifikasi menggunakan Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR) dan spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Berat molekul kopolimer sebelum pemurnian sebesar 78.595,91 g/mol dengan rendemen 92,24% yang berupa padatan berwarna merah keunguan dan setelah pemurnian diperoleh berat molekul sebesar 14.484,38g/mol dengan rendemen 62,24% berupa padatan berwarna kuning kecoklatan. Kopolimer yang diperoleh larut dalam etanol, kloroform, etilasetat, sedikit larut dalam n-heksan dan tidak larut dalam air. Hasil spektrum UV-Vis yang melebar pada panjang gelombang 450-500 nm menunjukan bahwa senyawa yang dihasilkan berbentuk heliks. Kata Kunci : Kristal Kiral Metil Eugenol, Eugenol, Kopolimer, Polimer Heliks.

CV XYZ is a growing plywood company. In increasing the company's competitiveness, CV XYZ seeks to find more ideal production planning for the company. The difference between supply and demand of CV XYZ has a total gap of 7,676 m3 over a period of 30 months. This proves that the current CV XYZ production planning is not ideal to be able to keep up with fluctuating demand. This study aims to analyze medium term production planning. Demand forecasting method is used to determine demand in the coming 12 months period. To compare the current CV XYZ strategy with the level, chase, mixed strategy. Based on calculations that have been made using demand and CV XYZ production variables, it is known that the ideal method used for future production planning is the chase strategy. The chase strategy focuses on eliminating existing inventory in the company, using adjusting the number of working days to the number of demands, as well as purchasing units from subcontracts. The use of a chase strategy has a 43% lower cost impact. In 2017-2018, the average monthly production cost is Rp1,633,316,531 to Rp930,905,200. Keywords: demand forecasting, aggregate planning, level strategy, chase strategy, mixed strategy

This work aimed to develop an anionic cellulose nanofiber (CNF) bio-adsorbent from date palm tree waste and to investigate its removal efficiency compared to cationic methylene blue dye from contaminated water. Date palm pulp was first prepared from date palm leaves through acid hydrolysis using H 2 SO 4 , followed by hydrolysis in a basic medium using KOH, in which the process completely removed the components of hemicellulose, lignin, and silica. To obtain anionic CNF, the resulting pulp was further treated with H 2 SO 4 , followed by centrifugation. Biogel formation of the CNF suspension was promoted by sonication, where its removal efficiency of methylene blue dye was studied as a function of dye concentration, temperature, contact time, and pH value. In this work, we investigated two isotherms, i.e., Langmuir and Freundlich. The Langmuir model's consistency with the experimental data suggests that the adsorption of methylene blue dye onto CNF is monolayer and surface-limited. The reported maximum removal efficiency of 5 mg/g at 60 °C indicates the optimal temperature for adsorption in this specific case. Additionally, a pseudo-second-order model and Elovich model were also utilized to obtain a better understanding of the adsorption mechanism, in which we found not just physical adsorption but also an indication of a chemical reaction occurring between methylene blue dye and CNF. According to the results, that pseudo-second-order model's consistency with the experimental data suggests that the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) onto CNF is rate-limiting step involving chemisorption between the two. The study reveals that CNF adsorbents derived from renewable natural waste sources such as date palm leaves can be effective in removing cationic contaminants such as methylene blue dye.

Drinking water defluoridation has attracted significant attention in the scientific community, from which membrane technology, by exploring thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes, has demonstrated a great potential for treating fluoride-contaminated water. This study investigates the development of a TFN membrane by integrating titanium oxide nanosheets (TiO 2 NSs) into the polyamide (PA) layer using interfacial polymerization. The characterization results suggest that successfully incorporating TiO 2 NSs into the PA layer of the TFN membrane led to a surface with a high negative charge, hydrophilic properties, and a smooth surface at the nanoscale. The TFN membrane, containing 80 ppm of TiO 2 NSs, demonstrated a notably high fluoride rejection rate of 98%. The Donnan-steric-pore-model-dielectric-exclusion model was employed to analyze the effect of embedding TiO 2 NSs into the PA layer of TFN on membrane properties, including charge density (X d ), the pore radius (r p ), and pore dielectric constant (ε p ). The results indicated that embedding TiO 2 NSs increased X d and decreased the εp by less than the TFC membrane without significantly affecting the r p . The resulting TFN membrane demonstrates promising potential for application in water treatment systems, providing an effective and sustainable solution for fluoride remediation in drinking water., Competing Interests: The authors state that none of the work disclosed in this study could have been influenced by any known conflicting financial interests or personal relationships.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of oral administration of radioiodine (I-131) on the immune responses (interleukin 6 and 10) as biodosimetry markers and to support clinical trials of I-131 solution., Methods: The design of this study was an in vivo experimental study using twenty-seven male rats (Rattus norvegicus strain Sprague-Dawley) given 100 μL of I-131 solution at a dose of 260 μCi. Blood plasma was taken at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 3, 24, 48, 120, and 168 hours post oral I-131 administration, respectively. Rats without radioiodine administration as a control group. The levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Statistical analysis was carried out with one-way ANOVA using SPSS version 25 software., Result: IL-6 level began to significantly increase at 0.25 hours post administration of I-131 (14.4 pg/mL ± 2.52 pg/mL, p=0.02). During 7 days of observation, IL-6 levels had 2 peaks of highly significant increase at 0.5 hours (43.57 ± 5.28, p<0.001) and 120 hours (24.08 ± 2.69, p<0.001 compared to control (5.44 ± 0.95 pg/mL). IL-10 level began to significantly increase at 0.25 hours (30.32 ± 3.22 pg/mL, p=0.03) compared to controls (20.61 ± 1.59 pg/mL)., Conclusion: The highest increase in IL-6 and IL-10 levels occurred respectively in the first 0.5 hours 8 times and in the first 0.25 hours 1.47 times compared to controls. Internal irradiation with radioiodine resulted in a significant increase in immune cells in exposed blood plasma characterized by the production of the cytokines IL-6 and IL-10. This appears to be a response of immune cells to reduce or stop inflammatory reactions through the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines in an effort to prevent excessive inflammatory responses that can damage cells and tissues.

A better understanding of the physical activity (PA) infrastructure in schools, the walkability of neighborhoods close to schools, and the food environments around schools, particularly in rural, socioeconomically challenged areas such as the North-West (NW) of Tasmania, could be important in the wider effort to improve the health of school-age children. Accordingly, this research aimed to assess PA resources, walkability, and food environments in and around schools in three socioeconomically disadvantaged, regional/rural Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Tasmania, Australia. A census of schools (including assessment of the PA infrastructure quality within school grounds), a walkability assessment, and a census of food outlets surrounding schools (through geospatial mapping) were executed. Most of the schools in the study region had access to an oval, basketball/volleyball/netball court, and free-standing exercise equipment. In all instances (i.e., regardless of school type), the quality of the available infrastructure was substantially higher than the number of incivilities observed. Most schools also had good (i.e., within the first four deciles) walkability. Numerous food outlets were within the walking zones of all schools in the study region, with an abundance of food outlets that predominantly sold processed unhealthy food.

Objectives: The sugarcane leaf is rich inphytochemical content. It is rarely used because it is a waste although it has potential activity as antimutation, anti inflammation, and antioxidation. There is no study about its hepatoprotective activity yet. This study was conducted to determine the hepatoprotection of sugarcane leaves in tested animals with liver acute injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 )., Methods: Twenty-four Wistar strain rats were divided into three groups of experimental animals (dose 300, 400, and 500 mg/kg) and three control groups (normal, positive, and negative). The ethanol extract of sugarcane leaves obtained from Panti, Jember, was made using the maceration method. The animals were treated for 14 days by giving the extract to the treatment group. One hour after treatment on the last day, the test animals were given CCl 4 intraperitoneally except for the normal group. On the 15th day, the blood of the test animal was taken to be tested for the biochemical value of the liver (aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alanine phosphatase (ALP), and bilirubin) and examined for its liver to be made histological preparations., Results: The results showed that the treatment with a dose of 500 mg/kg was able to decrease AST, ALT, ALP, and bilirubin parameters compared to the negative control. The extract also provided improvements in liver tissue histology compared to the negative control., Conclusions: Sugarcane leaf ethanol extract (SCLE) has a potential hepatoprotective effect., (© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.)

This study validates, for the first time, the effectiveness of two nanoclays, that is, cloisite (CS)-15A and montmorillonite (MNT) at the polyamide (PA) active layer in the reverse osmosis (RO) membrane. Cloisite-15A is natural montmorillonite modified with dimethyl dihydrogenated tallow quaternary ammonium salt. Thin-film composite (TFC) membranes were fabricated by the interfacial polymerization (IP) process between the trimesoylchloride (TMC)-n-hexane solution and m-phenylenediamine (MPD)-aqueous solution; the IP process took place on a polysulfone support sheet. The two types of nanoparticles were added in various weight ratios (0.005 wt.%-0.04 wt.%) in the n-hexane solution of TMC. Different characterizations like X-ray diffraction (XRD), contact angle, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and membrane performance tests were performed to analyse the membrane properties. Both XRD and TEM studies proved that the two nanoclays are successfully anchored at the different sites of the PA layer. CS-15A could accelerate the water flux from 15 to 18.65 L/m 2 ·h with NaCl rejection enhancement from 72% to 80%, relative to the control membrane. Conversely, MNT also enhanced the flux from 15 to 40 L/m 2 ·h, but NaCl rejection reduced from 70% to 23%. The mechanism of water uptake in nanoclays was also discussed. The results pave the way for a complete future study, in which these phenomena should be studied in great detail.