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In the last two decades, much have been written on Balochistan and the Baloch ethnonational movement but none examined the rise and fall of the Baloch national movement and the internal divisions amongst the contending Baloch tribes and the covert roles played by different actors of the time. Thus, this paper aims to fill this gap and it critically evaluate the rise and fall of Baloch nationalism during the British era, 1839 to 1947-48. It discusses the advent of the British to Balochistan and their policies towards the Khanate of Kalat. The paper also recounts the internal division between the various and contending Baloch tribes as well as the covert role played by the members of the ruling family of Kalat, the Kalat administration, and the Baloch Sardars. The main argument of this research revolves around the conundrum of internal division amongst the contending Baloch tribes and the dual role played by the Khan (the ruler of Kalat) that weakens the Khanate of Kalat, which ultimately incorporated into the Pakistani federation in 1948. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the common reservation against the 18th amendment, when it was in the offing, was the problem of capacity of the provinces particularly the small provinces to handle the concurrent subjects supposed to be transferred to the federating unites. The parliament finally trusted the provinces in April 2010 and stepped forward for strong federation. The issue of capability, policy formulation and administration, service distribution and human fitness in education sector is addressed in this paper. It is evaluated that how far the transfer of policy formation and administration to provinces created the financial, capacity and consistency issues in educational policy making and curriculum development at elementary and secondary level. It is believed that no such problem challenged the provincial administration in policy making and implementation on one hand and the Elementary and Secondary Education Department is busy in carrying out the universal enrollment policy without any directive from the federal government in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). Problems related to the curriculum development remained the same as observed in the pre-18th amendment period. The work opens new ways for further research on provincial autonomy and substantiate to build trust upon the provinces' capacity to cope with challenges arise in the post 2010. While conducting this qualitative study, the post 18th amendment period news appeared in media were scrutinized, official documents were accessed through formal procedures and clarification were sought from the concerned officials after conducting extensive interviews. After analysis of data and finding a set of recommendations for a reformed education governance in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, is followed in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new millennium education priorities have led the policy makers to modify the higher education curriculum in accordance with the international standards. Thus, the curriculum standards across the country were forced to be uniform since the inception Higher Education Commission (HEC) in Pakistan. The universities under HEC are not allowed to modify or localize the curricula according to local needs, requirements and capacities. This paper in a phenomenological way evaluates the effect of reforms related to uniform curriculum standards on students, teachers and universities of backward areas in the country. The study highlights problems related to HEC curriculum; taken 'economics' discipline as a case study. The study calls for the revisit of other curriculums already in place and re-assess in lieu of local needs, requirements and capacities in the context of uniformity and localization. The paper provides a road map from localization of curriculum to uniform curriculum standards based on combined framework of bottom-up and top-down approach. The former approach involves all stakeholders at different tiers for the curriculum development, while the latter one deals with trainings and providing forum / platform for the coordination between the faculty members and curriculum developers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pakistan is one the most important country in the developing world, but it has been volatile for various reasons, such as inconsistent democracy, internal conflicts and instability, deprivation of the masses, poor governance, corruption, and lack of accountability. A lot of efforts are being done and a great number of reforms, structural changes have been introduced on different institutional and administrative level to bring the country on the track to progress and prosperity, but so far none worked as desired. However, it is, indeed, a positive sign that the government has shown considerable flexibility in changing its traditional role of having a monopoly over every sector by engaging civil society, private organization, and encouraging community participation in different areas to deepen the democracy. It will certainly help in bringing improvement in the performance, efficiency, and responsiveness of different government departments so that the public could be better facilitated. This paper proposes the Devolution Plan - 2001 as a mean of deepening democracy in Pakistan, and explains the some of the salient features of the plan. Further, it presents an analysis of the major issues and challenges of the plan, and its impact on Balochistan particularly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research describes the education sector of Balochistan in relation with fiscal allocation. It establishes a relationship of the quality and quantity of teachers and schools with literacy rate, then literacy rate with education budget of the province. For this study, two different methodological approaches are used, such as the qualitative method based on interviews of experts and past research findings. The quantitative method based on secondary data obtained from directorate of education and finance department government of Balochistan. According to this paper education in Balochistan is facing a shortage of schools, especially for girls, a shortage of trained teachers, a shortage of middle and secondary schools, and too many „single-teacher? and/or overcrowded schools. The empirical results suggests a weak correlation of education budget with literacy rate but a strong relationship of literacy rate with schools and teachers at middle and secondary levels. A cumulative decrease of 3% in literacy rate has been observed for 2012 to 2014 under the specification of maximum education budget as compared with past. The purpose of this study is to explore the co-relation of funding and vast geography which is directly or indirectly affecting the education sector in Balochistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to explore the history of the Baloch ethno-national conflict within the Pakistani federation and its evolving trends over the time. It further examines the strategies of the state in resolving the conflict within the federation of Pakistan. This paper also deliberates whether the ongoing conflict(2002 to date) is about power sharing, self-determination, complete independence, or the failure of the state to address the Baloch problem within the parameters of federation. The paper is qualitative in nature which investigated and analysed different facts and events that displayed flaws in the Pakistani federation which has been unsuccessful to bridge the political differences of the Baloch within the federal structure of Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]