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Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) has many health benefits including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Glomerulonephritis is a commonly found kidney disease in companion animals that is characterized by glomerular proliferation and inflammation likes characteristics. The present study was carried out to evaluate the potential of blueberry against inflammatory response in the kidney of acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) in animal models. For this, twenty male Wistar rats were randomized into five groups i.e. A - E (n=4). Among these Group A has four healthy individuals administrated with aqua dest (negative control), group B individuals have streptokinase (6000IU/rat) induced acute glomerulonephritis rats treated with aqua dest (positive control) while group C-E has streptokinase (6000IU/rat) induced acute glomerulonephritis rats treated with different concentrations of blueberry extract (500, 1000, and 1500 mg/kg body weight) for 14 days, respectively. After 14 days, kidney samples were harvested for histology and immunohistochemistry examinations. One-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test was used for statistical analysis (P< 0.05). The blueberry extract treated AGN rats showed a significantly decreased in IL-1beta expression and inflammatory cell numbers compared to negative and positive control rats and 1500 mg/kg of the blueberry extract was found as the optimal dose. Results of the study can be concluded that blueberry extract has a strong anti-inflammatory effect that could depress the inflammatory responses in acute glomerulonephritis rat animal models.

The purpose of this study was to compare the purity, concentration, and DNA band visualization of the isolated sample and PCR amplicon from three sample storage methods i.e. fresh frozen sample ( -20oC to -196oC), preserved in formalin, and paraffin wax. For this tissue samples were collected from the sample stored at frozen temperature -20oC, 10% NS formalin, and paraffin-embedded preparations, and Abs260/230 and Abs260/280 values and electrophoresis of 0.8% and 2% agarose gel visualization were analyzed. The results of the study showed a significant value of Abs260/280 for the isolated and amplified DNA purity. Among the tested three methods, frozen sample isolates and the PCR amplicon visualized a good DNA band. Meanwhile, the formalin-fixed and paraffinized tissue storage method showed a slightly lower quality DNA and no DNA band, respectively, while the PCR amplicon visualized a thin DNA band. In conclusion, all the tissue storage methods can be applied for DNA preservation and isolation, and the samples are successfully amplified on PCR examination.

AIM: This study intended to investigate the regenerate wound, due to the ointment therapy containing Gliricidia sepium leaves that has potential-induced epidermal stem cells producing. It determined its effect on the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Smad-3, β-catenin, LGR-6. MATERIALS AND METHODS: About 16 Wistar male rats aged approximately 2 months (150–200g) were used and were divided into four treatment groups (T1, positive control; T2, negative control; T3, wounds treated with G. sepium from Indonesia; and T4, wounds treated with G. sepium from the Philippines). The treatment of ointment was applied to the wound for 3 days. The expression of TGF-β1, Smad-3, β-catenin, and LGR-6 was observed by immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS: G. sepium leaves significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated the expression of TGF-β1, Smad-3, β-catenin, and LGR-6 in the group treated with Indonesian G. sepium leaves were higher than that in the group treated with G. sepium leaves from the Philippines. CONCLUSIONS: Both leaves Varian contain flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, which act as producing epidermal stem cell agents to enhance the wound healing process. It can be concluded that both Gl. sepium Varian Indonesia and the Philippines have a potential effect on wound healing.

Ovariohisterectomy (OH) pada kucing domestik menyebabkan beberapa efek samping, diantaranya yaitu obesitas. Obesitas berhubungan sangat erat dengan penyakit diabetes. Gen glukoregulator yang mungkin akan menjadi penyebab resistensi insulin jika mengalami mutasi gen adalah gen PDX-1. Resistensi insulin tersebut akan berpengaruh sangat erat dengan glukosa darah dalam tubuh. Tujuan penelitian adalah melihat hubungan antara polimorfisme gen PDX-1 dengan kadar glukosa darah pada kucing domestik yang mengalami OH. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah amplifikasi invitro PCR gen PDX-1 dengan primer Forward ‘CCG AGC TGT CAA AGC TAG CG’ dan Reverse ‘GAA CCG GTA GAG GGT CTT GG’ dan dilanjutkan dengan sekuensing terhadap produk PCR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan mendasar pada urutan basa dalam sekuen gen PDX-1 pada c.435G>A, c.927A>T, dan c.584A>G. Perbedaan mendasar pada urutan gen PDX-1 merupakan silent mutation.

A Golden Retriever bitch, 10 years old, came to the Animal Hospital of Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia, her conditions was discharge from the vagina, stink smell, polyuria, polydipsia and swelling in the vaginal area that begin to appear one month ago. Physical examination results found her weight 30 kg, scored three for body condition score (scale 1-5), body temperature at 38ºC, pale mucous membrane, and Capillart Reill Time > 2 seconds. Hard mass was palpable in the vaginal area. Based on the anamnesis, physical examination and clinical symptoms, the bitch appeared have some different diagnosis such as pyometra, endometritis, vaginitis, and vaginal tumors. Hematology, radiograph, and histopathological laboratory tests were performed to confirm the diagnosis. Hematologic results showed the bitch suffered from leukocytosis of 41.7 x 103/?L, granulocytosis 36.5 x 103/?L, and hyperchromic microcytic anemia. The results of the radiograph examination showed a radiopaque solid mass in the vagina and uterus. The results of the histopathological examination found there were hyperchromasia nuclei and pleomorphism of fibroblast cell, and formation spindles cell of connective tissue. Based on the results of physical examination, hematological test, radiographic test, and histopathology, the dog was diagnosed with fibrosarcoma in the vagina. The treatment of this case was ovariohysterectomy and removal of the vaginal tumor. Early diagnosis and early treatment largely determine the patient’s prognosis, metastatic vaginal fibrosarcoma tumors showed poor prognosis.

Background: Foodborne diseases are caused by acquired pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella enteritidis. It causes an intestinal imbalance and the microbial toxins found in the gastrointestinal tract induce symptoms such as diarrhea. Coffee contains active ingredients such as antioxidants and is used as an anti-inflammatory agent by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the body. Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the interaction between Lampung’s robusta coffee and tissue damage in chickens infected by S. enteritidis. Methods: This study used first-day-old Isa brown layer chickens (n = 60), which were divided into five treatment groups. The negative control group consisted of healthy and normal chickens, whereas the positive control group consisted of chickens infected with S. enteritidis bacteria at a concentration of 108 CFU/ml. Groups T1, T2, and T3 were given coffee extract with doses of 500 mg/kg BW (low dose), 1,000 mg/kg BW (moderate dose), and 1,500 mg/kg BW (high dose), respectively, and then infected with S. enteritidis bacteria at a concentration of 108 CFU/ml. The coffee extract and bacteria were given orally via a feeding tube at a volume of 0.5 ml per chick. The extract was given for 14 days (from day 3 to day 16), and the bacteria were given on days 16 and 17. On day 18, the chickens were necropsied. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance test with the GLM procedure (

Currently, there are many pet shops, animal clinics, and animal lover communities in Malang. Data from UB's animal education hospitals showed an increasing number of patients visiting there. This reflects that the owner had considered his favorite animal as part of his family that must be treated if they are sick. Drugs medicine plays an important role in the treatment of animal diseases. Therefore, pet owners must know how to use and store drugs properly so that the efficacy of the drug does not change, and the results of treatment are achieved. When the drug is not used anymore, the owner must know how to properly dispose of the drug to prevent the drug from being mixed, polluting the environment, or even being used by irresponsible people. The aim of this community service was to provide additional knowledge about how to use, store and dispose of veterinary medicines. The theme we took was "Increasing Knowledge of Al-Huda MTS Students on the Use, Storage and Disposal of Animal Medicine through Educational Seminars and Demonstration". Community service methods used were counseling and seminars on the use, storage and disposal of veterinary medicines and demonstrations on how to give medicines to cats. The evaluation tools used were pretest and posttest. The pretest and posttest results showed an increase in the knowledge of MTS Al-Huda students about how to give medicines to pets - especially cats -, how to store and dispose of drugs that are not used. While the results of the questionnaire showed a very good response related to community service.

Salmonellosis that attacks poultry, caused by Salmonella enteritidis is a cause of food borne disease in zoonotic humans. Treatment of this disease uses antibiotics but if used irrationally it can result in the emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria. At present many treatments use herbs which are considered to reduce the negative effects of antibiotics and are environmentally friendly, one of which is coffee. Green coffee is considered to have many active ingredients such as chlorogenic acid (CGA), alkaloids, tannin, polyphenols and polysaccharides which are useful as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and enhances the body's immune system. The study used 60 heads ISA Brown day-old chicks (layer strain) chickens artificially infected with S. enteritidis bacteria with concentration of 10 8 CFU/ml, consisting of negative controls (healthy chickens, without coffee, positive control (chickens were given), T1, T2 and T3 was given different doses of coffee extract with 500 mg/kg BW, 1000 mg/kg BW and 1500 mg kg BW, respectively. The treatments with coffee extracts were given on days 3-15, then infected with 0.5 ml bacteria on day 16 and 60 chickens were necropsied at day 18 for histopathology. Data on relative levels of CD8 Tc cells were calculated using the flowcytometer test and analyzed quantitatively using the One Way ANOVA with a confidence level of 95% while the jejunum histopathology was observed using a microscopy and analyzed descriptively. Results showed that Robusta coffee extract from Lampung can act as an antibacterial by increasing CD8 + T cells and repairing jejunum histopathology

Open wounds healing is need more time because of the long inflammatory phase. Dragon fruit skin contains flavonoids and vitamin C which function as anti-inflammatory and cell regeneration. The purpose of this study was to determine the therapeutic effects of dragon fruit skin extract ointment (Hylicereus costaricensis) on the area of IL-2 expression and the number of mononuclear inflammatory cells in skin tissue in open wounds of rats (Rattus norvegicus) for 6 days of treatment. As many as 20 male rats, ± 180 grams, Wistar were divided into 5 groups namely negative control, positive control, ointment of dragon fruit skin extract with concentration of 5% (P1), concentration of 10% (P2) and concentration of 15% (P3). Wound formed as dorsal skin biopsy of dorsal 1x1 cm. Ointment was given topically 2x/day for 6 days. Rats were euthanized on day 7th and the skin tissues of the wound area were collected. The number of mononuclear inflammatory cells was counted in skin slides of HE staining and Expression Area expression of IL-2 was measured by ImmunoRatio® in immunohistochemical slides. Data were analyzed statistically using One Way ANOVA and Tukey Post Hoc Test. The results showed that dragon fruit skin extract ointment was able to reduce significantly (p

Diazinon is an insecticide that has a higher toxicity than other insecticides. Normally, insecticides are detoxified by liver, but this process produced free radicals which causes cell damage. Free radicals also increase lipid peroxidation which directly increase malondialdehyde levels. This research was aimed to determine the influence of diazinon toxicity to the liver histopathology and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the serum of rats (Rattus norvegicus). The rats were divided into 4 groups which consist of negative control group and three experimental groups which were given diazinon 20 mg/kgBW (P1), 40 mg/ kgBW (P2), and 60 mg/ kgBW (P3). The rats were given diazinon for 8 weeks orally. The parameters used in this research was liver histopathology with hematoxilin eosin stain and Malondialdehyde levels with Thiobarbituric test. Liver histopathology was analyzed in descriptive qualitative and the level of MDA was analyzed quantitatively using ANOVA and Tukey's exact test with α = 0.05. The result of this research showed the influence of organophosphate (diazinon) on liver histolopathology was shown by inflammatory cells infiltration in hepatic parenchyma, sinusoidal congestion, and cytoplasmic vacuolation of the hepatocytes. Statistical analysis proved that the diazinon was able to increase the level of MDA serum significantly (p

Ruellia tuberosa L. is a therapeutic plant that is generally consumed in Indonesian traditional medicine to prevent or cure various illnesses, i.e., diabetes. The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of hydroethanolic root extracts of Ruellia tuberosa L. on the kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. In this study, male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: healthy rats (group 1), diabetic rats (group 2), and treated rats which received extract at dosages of 250 (group 3), 375 (group 4), and 500 (group 5) mg/kg body weight for 21 days. Diabetes mellitus was experimentally induced by the administration of five doses of streptozotocin 20 mg/kg body weight within five consecutive days. Significant increases in the value of TNF alpha expression and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were observed in streptozotocin-induced diabetes rats. Furthermore, severe histological alterations of kidney tissues occurred in the diabetic rats group. After treatment was applied, the value of TNF alpha expression and MDA levels on the kidney decreased considerably p < 0.05 in groups 3, 4, and 5. The optimum dosage was obtained at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight (group 3), which had 42.24% and 52.70% decrease in TNF alpha expression and MDA levels, respectively. The histopathological profiles of the kidney also showed significant improvements in treated groups. The most prominent recoveries were also shown in group 3. The treatments induced repairment in the glomerular and renal tubular damages in the kidney tissues. To conclude, these results emphasize potentially health valuable properties of hydroethanolic root extracts of R. tuberosa L. in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

Infection with Fasciola gigantica, a liver trematode, is frequently reported in Malang district. The study was aimed to determine the prevalence of fascioliasis in Malang District, East Java during Eid Qurban 2019. Data were collected from 68 cutting points in 9 sub-districts. A total of 265 cows, 895 goats and 112 sheep than analyzed based on questioner emphasis on age, origin, body condition, and postmortem abnormalities. Overall the highest prevalence of fasciolosis was 57% cattle and 18% goat in Gondanglegi sub-district and 100% sheep in Wajak sub-district. A total of 86% of fasciolosis in cattle have good body conditions came from Malang District. There was also 82% in goat and 78% in sheep infected came from Malang District too. Morphological and postmortem examination findings that 53% of adult cattle (2-3 years), adult goat and sheep (1-1,5 years) were 78% and 89% respectively have abnormalities in the liver. This data showed adult livestock more resistant to fasciolosis infection. From that data above that further surveys should be carried out to understanding on the epidemiology of fascioliasis in the study area and classified risk factors affecting the infection.

Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is tick-borne disease of worldwide distribution. The major causative agent is Ehrlichia canis, a gram negative, obligate intracelullar, pleomorphic bacterium of the genus Ehrlichia, which infects monocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes. This study aims to understand the diagnostic approach and therapeutic of CME in Pomeranian dog. The examination methods used were physical examination, complete blood count and blood chemistry, urynalisis, X-ray, and E. canis/anaplasma ab test kit. The result of physical examination found dehydration (CRT>2), bruises in the neck area, bleeding in the gums, dyspnoea, and thicks infestation. CBC, blood chemistry, and urynalisis test result showed anemia, severe thrombocytopenia, hypoproteinemia with hypoalbuminemia, and renal azotemia. The result of x-ray examination show the fluid aqumulation in thorax cavity. The result of E.canis/anaplasma ab test kit revealed positive result of E.canis. The dog was diagnosed with canine monocytic ehrlichisosis (CME). The dog was treated by antibiotic, hemostatic, and antiemetic.

Many cattle are kept in near garbage dump and eat waste product. The cattle will exposure free radical of lead. Sumbawa forest honey contains flavonoids as antioxidant that neutralize the excess free radicals in the body. This research aimed to examine the preventive potency of Sumbawa forest honey toward liver histopathology and AST-ALT level on rats induced by lead acetate. The subject research were rats Wistar, male and age 8-12 weeks. The rats divided in 5 different groups, those were negative control group; positive control group that exposed by lead acetate; and preventive therapy groups with Sumbawa forest honey dose of 25 mg/kgBW, 50 mg/kgBW and 75 mg/kgBW for 28 days and administered with lead acetate dose of 10 mg/day for 14 days. AST-ALT levels were measured by spectrophotometer then analyzed statistically by One Way ANOVA and Tukey test (p

Diazinon is an organophosphate insecticide that are widely used to eradicate pests but has a higher toxicity than other insecticides. Diazinon that accidentally consumed per orally has its impact in increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) will activate proinflammatory cytokine which will induce the inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) at which iNOS will produce Nitric Oxide (NO) as free radical. High level of ROS will cause damage to the cells. This study was aimed to determine the toxicity effect of diazinon toward iNOS expression in liver and kidney histopathology of rats (Rattus norvegicus). The rats were divided into 4 groups which consist of negative control group and three experimental groups which were given diazinon 20 mg/kgBW (P1), 40 mg/kgBW (P2), and 60 mg/kgBW (P3). The parameters that was observed in this research are the expression of iNOS in liver using Immunohistochemistry staining then analyzed using one way ANOVA followed with Tukey test (α=0,05), and kidney histopathology that was observed using Hematoxylin-Eosin staining and analyzed qualitative descriptively. The results showed that administration of diazinon per orally was significantly increased iNOS expression (p